1.

A particle is projected from a point O on an inclined plane in a direction which mu cos D

(a) Show that V .
Ɋ M m
makes an angle of with the plane. (See Figure 1.) The path of the particle lies
4 (b) If M = m, express u in terms of s, D and g.
in a vertical plane containing a line of greatest slope of the inclined plane. If the
particle strikes the plane normally, find the angle of inclination of the plane to the
horizontal.

Figure 3
(7 marks)
Figure 1
(5 marks) 4. A particle is projected in a vertical plane with an initial velocity ( 2 i + cj ) ms -1
from the origin O, where i and j are unit vectors along the horizontal and the
2. A particle is attached to one end of a light inelastic string, of length 2 m, the other upward vertical respectively. If, after projection, there are two instants at which
end of which is fixed. The particle describes a vertical circle with the fixed end as the positive vector and the velocity vector of the particle are perpendicular to each
centre under the action of gravity. (See Figure 2.) The tension in the string when other, find the range of possible values of c.
the particle is at its lowest point is twice that when it is at its highest point. Find, (7 marks)
in terms of g, the speed of the particle when it is at its lowest point.
5. In the figure, OABCD is a light inelastic string such that OA = AB = BC = CD = a.
The end O is fixed to a rough horizontal rail and the end D is attached to a small
light ring, which can slide on the rail. Particles of masses m, km and m are
attached to the string at A, B and C respectively. The system rests symmetrically in
Ɋ Ɋ
limiting equilibrium with ‘ODC and ‘ACB .
3 6
3
(a) Show that the coefficient of friction between the ring and the rail is .
3
(b) Find the values of k.
Figure 2
(5 marks)

3. A wedge of angle D and mass M is at rest and free to move on a smooth

horizontal table. A particle of mass m slides from rest down the smooth inclined
face of the wedge along a line of greatest slope. When the particle has moved a
distance s on the wedge, the speed of the wedge is V and that of the particle
relative to the wedge is u.
 Figure 4 Figure 5
(8 marks)
8. Let A(4, 3), B(7, 0) be two given points in the Oxy plane with origin O and
6. Let O be the origin and (r, T ) denote the position of a particle P in polar rectangular axes Ox and Oy. Forces (in suitable units) of magnitude and direction
coordinates. Particle P moves along the curve r = a eT , where a is a positive
2 OA , O AB and P BO act along OA, AB and BO respectively, where O and
constant, such that its acceleration always lies along the radius vector OP . When
T = 0, T Z . It is given that the radial and transverse components of the P are positive constants. Let i and j be unit vectors along the x and y axes
1 d 2 respectively.
acceleration of P are r  rT 2 and (r T ) respectively.
r dt (a) Find the resultant of the system of forces.
(a) Show that r 2T a 2Z . (b) Suppose the system of forces can be reduced to a single couple.
(b) Show that r rT 2  rT . (i) Find O and P .
2 a 4Z 2 (ii) Hence determine the moment of the couple.
(c) Show that the magnitude of the acceleration of P is .
r3 (c) Suppose the system of forces can be reduced to a single force which passes
(8 marks) through the points C(0, 4) and D(-7, 0).
(i) Find O and P .
7. A smooth uniform sphere A of mass m is suspended from a fixed point by a light (ii) Hence determine the resultant of the forces.
inelastic string. A smooth uniform sphere of mass m falls vertically and hits A,
1
which then starts to move horizontally. The coefficient of restitution is . Just
2
before the impact, the speed of B is u and the line of centres makes an angle T
with the upward vertical.
(a) Let the components of the velocity of B, immediately after the impact, along
and perpendicular to the line of centres be u1 and u 2 respectively. (See
figure 5.) Find u1 and u 2 in terms of u and T .
(b) Suppose B moves in a horizontal direction immediately after the impact.
1
(i) Show that tan T .
2 Figure 6
(ii) Find the loss in kinetic energy due to the impact.
9. A, B and C are three points in the same horizontal plane at equal distances d apart.
The bearing of B from A is 330q and C is due east of B. (See figure 7.) An
aeroplane flies from A to B, then from B to C, and then from C to A, along the
sides of 'ABC . There is a wind of speed u blowing horizontally from the south
and the aeroplane has a speed 3u in still air.
(a) Show that, if the aeroplane is to fly on a bearing T ( 0q d T d 360q ), it must
be steered on a bearing I , where
3u sin I = v sin T ,
and 3u cos I = v cos T - u,
v being the speed of the aeroplane relative to the ground.
 Hence show that base.
(b)
v = ( cos 2 T  8  cos T )u.

(b) Using (a), or otherwise, show that the total time of flight is
( 35  8 )d
8u
You may assume that no time is lost in turning corners.
(c) Determine the direction in which the aeroplane must be steered on the journey
from A to B. Give your answer to the nearest degree.

Figure 9

A toy is formed by fixing the solid S in (a) onto a uniform solid hemisphere of
radius a. (See figure 9.) The density of S is k times that of the hemisphere.
(i) It is given that the centre of mass of the hemisphere is at a distance
3a
from its plane base. Show that the centre of mass of the toy is at a
8
distance
Figure 7 (8k  15)a
8(3k  5)
10. (a) from the plane base of the hemisphere.
(ii) Suppose the toy can rest in equilibrium with any point of the
hemisphere in contact with the horizontal ground. Find the value of k.
(iii) Suppose k = 1 and the toy is suspended freely from a point C (see
figure) at its circular rim. Find the angle of inclination of the axis of
symmetry of the toy to the vertical.

11.

The shaded region bounded by the curve x 2 4ay , the line x = 2a and the
x-axis ( a > 0 ), as shown in the figure, is revolved about the x-axis to form a
uniform solid S.
(i) Find the volume of S.
1
(ii) Show that the centre of mass of S is at a distance a from its plane
3 Figure 10
 2mg
2mg (i.e. tension = u extension ). The point A is vertically above B and at a
A uniform lamina of mass M is in the shape of an equilateral triangle of side 2a. l
Let G be its centre of mass. distance 3l from it. The particle is released from rest at a point Q vertically below
(a) It is given that the moment of inertia of a uniform rod of length 2l and mass m A, where AQ = l.
about an axis through its centre of mass and perpendicular to its length is (a) Let x be the downward displacement of P from Q.
1 2 (i) Show that the equation of motion when neither string goes slack is
ml . Find the moment of inertia of the lamina about an axis perpendicular to
3 4g 3l
x  (x  ) 0.
its plane and passing through a vertex. l 4
Hence, or otherwise, show that the moment of inertia of the lamina about the (ii) Write down the equation of motion when the lower string is slack.
1 (b) Suppose P first comes to rest at a point R. Using energy considerations, show
parallel axis through G is Ma 2 .
3 that
M 1 5
(b) A small insect of mass is initially at rest at a vertex of the lamina, which QR = l.
4 2
is free to rotate in a horizontal plane about a fixed vertical axis through G. The (c) Prove that the time taken for P to travel from Q to a point S, where QS = l, is
system is given an initial angular velocity Z . The insect then starts crawling
l 1
and finally arrives at G. (Ɋ - cos -1 ) .
4g 3
(i) Determine the change in the total angular momentum of the system
about the axis of rotation.
(ii) Determine the change in the total kinetic energy of the system.

12.

Figure 11

A particle P of mass m is attached to two fixed points A and B by means of two

identical light elastic strings, each of natural length l and modulus of elasticity
1. Of the cargoes transported from City A to City B, 80% are transported by land and (a) Find c.
the rest by sea. Past records show that 5% of the cargoes transported by land and (b) Suppose x1 , x 2 , ……, x8 is another set of 8 measurements with mean 2.4
2% by sea are damaged. and variance of the combined set of 18 measurements.
(a) If a cargo received at B is found damaged, what is the probability that it has (8 marks)
been transported by land?
(b) In one month, 200 cargoes are transported from A to B. For each damaged 6. Using the transformation x = e t , show that the equation
cargo, an insurance policy pays compensation of $10 000 if it has been d2y dy
x2  2 x  2 y ln x
transported by land and $7 000 if by sea. What is the expected compensation dx 2 dx
paid by the insurance company in that month? can be transformed into the equation
(5 marks) d2y dy
 3  2y t .
dx 2 dx
2. A random variable Y follows a normal distribution with mean P and standard Hence find y in terms of x.
deviation V . It is given that P(Y > 0 ) = 0.4. (8 marks)
P
(a) Find .
V 7. A patient takes 100 mg of an orally administered drug, which will be gradually
(b) A sample of size 25 is randomly drawn from the distribution. Find the absorbed by the body and then eventually excreted out of the body. After t hours,
probability that the sample mean is negative. let
(5 marks) x mg be the amount of drug still unabsorbed,
y mg be the amount of drug absorbed and still remaining in the body,
3. Let D be a real root of the equation. z mg be the amount of drug excreted out of the body.
sin x – 2x + 1 = 0. The total amount of the drug, x + y + z, remains constant over time. It is known
(a) Show that D is unique and lies in the interval (0.8, 0.9). 2 2
that x decreases at a rate x mg per hour and z increases at a rate y mg per
(b) Using Newton’s method, with 0.9 as a starting value, determine D correct to 5 25
four decimal places. hour. At t = 0, x = 100 and y = z = 0.
(7 marks) 2
 t
5
(a) Show that x = 100 e .
2
dy 2  t
­k m  x 0 d x d 4, (b) Show that  y 40e 5 .
4. Let f ( x) ® dt 25
¯ 0 otherwise,
Hence find y and z in terms of t.
where k > 0 and 0 < m < 4 . (c) Find the time at which the amount of drug absorbed and still remaining in the
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f(x). body is at a maximum.
(b) Suppose f(x) is the probability density function of a certain random variable X
and m is its median. Using (a), or otherwise, find the values of m and k. 2 sin x
(7 marks)
8. Let I denote the integral ³ 1
f ( x)dx , where f(x) =
x
.

(a) (i) Using Taylor’s expansion of sin x about 0, show that, for x z 0 ,
5. A set of 10 measurements is listed in ascending order as follows: x2 x4 x6
f(x) = 1 –   cos [ ,
-1.4, -1.2, 0.3, 2.5, 3.2, 5.6, 6.8, 7.1, c. 6 120 5040
It is known that the variance is 10.31. where [ lies between 0 and x.
 (ii) Using (i), find an approximation to I to 4 decimal places. Show that the
error in the approximation is less than 0.0036 in magnitude.
(b) The trapezoidal rule is used to find I.
(i) It is known that f cc( x) < 0.24 in the interval [1, 2]. Find the least
number of subintervals required so that the error will be less than
0.0036 in magnitude.
(ii) Using the number of subintervals found in (i), evaluate I correct to 4
decimal places.
9. Box A contains three white balls and one red ball white box B contains four white
balls. One ball is randomly drawn from each box and the two balls are then
randomly put back into the boxes so that each box still contains four balls. This
process is performed n times. Let Pk be the probability that the red ball is in box
A after the process is performed k times, where 1 d k d n .
(a) Find P1 .
3 1
(b) Show that Pk Pk 1  , where 2 d k d n .
4 8
Hence find Pk in terms of k.
(c) Find the limit of the probability that the red ball is finally in box B as n
becomes very large.
(d) If the process is performed three times, find the probability that there are
exactly two times that the red ball is in box B.
10. Four metal beads are to be loaded into an engine block. The weight of individual
beads follows a normal distribution with mean 150gm and standard deviation
0.01gm. A bead will only be accepted if its weight is within 0.015gm of the target
weight 150gm.
(a) What is the probability that a randomly selected bead is acceptable?
(b) An engineer specifies that an engine block will only be accepted if all the four
beads loaded are acceptable.
(i) What is the probability that a randomly selected block will be
acceptable?
(ii) What is the probability that in 15 blocks, no more than 2 will be
rejected?
(c) A technician feels that it is simpler to check the total weight of the four beads.
He accepts a block if the total weight of its four beads is within 0.06gm of the
target weight 600gm (i.e. 4 u 150gm). What is the probability that a randomly
selected block will satisfy this criterion?
(d) The engineer and the technician inspect the blocks according to their own
criteria as specified in (b) and (c). Determine whether each of the following
cases is possible, and give an example if it is:
(i) A block is accepted by the engineer but rejected by the technician.
(ii) A block is rejected by the engineer but accepted by the technician.
11. In a public accountancy examination, the marks obtained by the candidates follow
a normal distribution with standard deviation 10, which can be taken to remain
constant from year to year. After the examination this year, a random sample of 12
candidates is taken. Their marks are as follows:
58, 64, 39, 45, 72, 80, 54, 62, 51, 65, 57, 73.
Let P denote the mean of the marks obtained by the candidates this year.
(a) Construct a 95% confidence interval for P .
(b) The mean mark of last year’s examination was 56. The examination board
wants to see whether the average result this year is better.
(i) State the null and alternative hypotheses.
(ii) Perform the test at 5% significance level.
(c) The examination board awards distinctions to the top 5% of the candidates and
credits to the next 10%.
(i) In a random sample of 5 candidates, what is the probability that there
are one distinction and two credits?
(ii) Suppose the true mean of the marks is 56. What is the minimum mark
(in whole numbers) that a candidate must get in order to achieve
(1) a distinction,
(2) a credit?
12. A student suspects that a coin is biased towards showing “heads” more often when
tossed. In order to justify his suspicion, he tosses the coin 12 times. Let p be the
probability of getting a “head” in each toss.
(a) State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.
(b) By limiting the probability of committing a Type I error to just below 0.1, the
student decides to reject the null hypothesis whenever the number of “heads”
in the sample exceeds a certain integer C.
(i) Using binomial probabilities, determine C and find the actual
probability of committing a Type I error.
(ii) The outcomes of the 12 tosses are
H T T H H T H T H H H H
 where H represents a “head” and T represents a “tail”. What is the
student’s conclusion?
(c) The student makes 38 more tosses of the coin and observes 23 “heads”. Based
on the combined information of this sample and that in (b), and using normal
approximation to binomial probability,
(i) perform the test at 10% significance level.
(ii) find the probability of committing a Type II error for the test in (I)
when the true value of p is 0.75.