1.

Two parallel vertical smooth walls stand on a horizontal ground with a separation
d. A particle is projected from a point A, at distance h above the ground, with a 4. (a) A uniform lamina OADC is in the form of a quarter of a circular disc of radius
speed u normal to the walls. (See Figure 1.) The coefficient of restitution between a and centred at O. (See Figure 3.)
the particle and the walls is e. Assume that the particle is able to make at least n 4 2a
(i) Show that the centre of mass of the lamina is at a distance
impacts before reaching the ground. 3S
(a) Find the time of flight from the moment of projection up to the nth impact from O.
with the walls. (ii) Show that the moment of inertia of the lamina about an axis through its
(b) Find the vertical distance travelled from the moment of projection up to nth § 1 32 ·
centre of mass and perpendicular to the lamina is ¨  2 ¸ Ma 2 ,
impact. © 2 9S ¹
(c) If d = 2 m, h = 20 m, u = 10 ms -1 and e = 0.8, find how many impacts will where M is the mass of the lamina.
occur before the ground is reached. (b) OABC is a uniform square lamina with sides of length a. The lamina ABCD, of
mass m, is formed by cutting away the lamina OADC in (a) from OABC. (See
2. A ship P is steering South T East with a constant speed u, where T is acute. A Figure 4.) Using (a), or otherwise, find the moment of inertia of the lamina
supple ship Q, initially at a distance d due south of P, moves at a uniform velocity ABCD about an axis through the corner B and perpendicular to the lamina.
of magnitude v to intercept P. You may use the fact that the moment of inertia of the lamina OABC about the
(a) Find, in terms of u and T , the minimum speed v m that Q must have in order
§ a2 ·
to successfully intercept P. side AB is equal to ¨¨ u mass of OABC ¸¸ .
(b) If v m  v  u , where v m is the minimum speed as defined in (a), show that © 3 ¹

Q can intercept P by steering along either of two directions. Find the shorter
time of interception in terms of d, u, v and T . 5. Two wedges A and B of equal mass m are placed as shown in Figure 5. B is free to
u S move along a fixed horizontal channel and A is placed between B and a vertical
(c) If v and T , determine the direction in which Q must steer in order
2 3 wall so that the sloping faces of A and B are in close contact. All surfaces of
to come as close to P as possible. Hence determine the closest distance contact are smooth. The vertex angle of wedge A is T .
between P and Q.

3. Two particles A and B of masses 3m and 2m respectively are connected by a light

elastic string of natural length l and modulus of elasticity mg
mg
(i.e. tension u extension) . Initially both particles are at rest on a smooth
l
horizontal plane with the string just taut. Particle B is then projected with a speed
v in the direction AB. Let x be the extension of the string and y be the distance of
A from its initial position after a time t. Consider the motion of the system while Figure 5
x t 0.
(a) Set up the equations of motion for the system. (a) The wedges are released from rest. For the period that A and B remain in
v 5g contact,
(b) Show that x sin Zt , where Z 2 .
Z 6l (i) write down the relation between the horizontal displacement of B and
(c) When AB is next equal to l, find the velocities of the particles and determine the vertical displacement of A;
the distance of A from its initial position. (ii) find the accelerations of A and B and the reaction between A and B.
 (b) Wedge B is connected by a spring to a fixed point Q. (See Figure 6.)

Figure 8
(a) Assume the cylinder starts to move by slipping.
Figure 6 (i) Find, in terms of P , W and I expressions for P and the normal
The spring has natural length l and modulus of elasticity mg reactions at A and B when slipping begins.
mg (ii) Hence show that slipping is possible only if
(i.e. tension u extension) . Initially the wedges are held so that the spring
l § ·
is unstretched. The wedges are then released from rest and subsequently cos 1 ¨
1 ¸  I  cos 1 §¨ P ·¸ .
¨ 1 P 2 ¸ ¨1 P 2 ¸
© ¹ © ¹
oscillate. Find the period of oscillation.
(b) Assume the cylinder starts to move by rolling about B.
6. A smooth sphere A, of mass 2m, travels with speed u. It makes a perfectly elastic (i) Find, in terms of W and I , an expression for P when rolling begins.
impact with a stationary smooth sphere B of mass m. After the impact, sphere A (ii) Show that rolling is possible only if
has a speed v a and has been deflected through an angle T . Sphere B has gained
§ 1 ·
a speed vb and moves in a direction which makes an angle I with the original I  cos 1 ¨ ¸.
¨ 1 P 2 ¸
motion of A. © ¹
(a) Find expressions for v a and vb in terms of the parameters u and I .
(b) Show that the deflection of A is given by 8. A uniform circular hoop of radius a and mass m rests on a rough horizontal table.
2 Initially the centre of the hoop is given a horizontal linear velocity v while the
tan T .
3 tan I  cot I nv
hoop rotates with an angular velocity , in the direction as shown in Figure 9.
(c) Determine the value of I that gives the maximum deflection of A. a

7. A heavy cylinder of weight W is resting on two small supports A and B. The two
supports are at the same horizontal level and the radius from each support to the
centre of the cylinder makes an angle I with the downward vertical. The
coefficient of friction between the cylinder and each support is P . An increasing
downward vertical force P is applied tangentially to one side of the cylinder as
shown in Figure 8.
Figure 9
The coefficient of friction between the hoop and the table is P .
(a) If the hoop returns to its starting point and at that moment it begins rolling
without slipping, determine the value of n.
(b) If the hoop does not return to its starting point, show that n d 1 .
 dy
1. (a) Solve the differential equation  ky mx n e  kx , where k and m are positive
9. A small ring of mass m is connected to the end O of a smooth horizontal rod OA dx
of mass 3m and length a by a light elastic string of natural length l (l < a) and constants and n t 0 , under the initial condition : y = 0 when x = 0 .
mg d dy
modulus of elasticity mg (i.e. tension = u extension) . The ring can slide along [Hint: Note that ( ye ax ) e ax  aye ax .]
l dx dx
the rod and the rod is free to rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis (b) An industrial plant has a row of N identical tanks each of capacity C m 3 ,
passing through O. Initially the ring is at rest at a distance l from O. The rod is where N > 1. The tanks are connected in series by thin pipes. The Nth tank has
then given an initial angular velocity : about the vertical. an outlet to a large reservoir.

(a) Determine the moment of inertia of the rod about the end O.
(b) Using the conservation laws, or otherwise, show that the ring will never reach Initially the first tank contains a mixture of (C – v) m 3 of water v m 3 of a
the end A if liquid LQ. The other tanks all contain C m 3 of water. From time t = 0, water is
2 ga 2 § a  l · pumped into the first tank at a constant rate of kC m 3s -1 . A mixture of water
:2  ¨ ¸.
l (a 2  l 2 ) © a  l ¹ and liquid LQ thus flows from each tank to the next at the same rate. A mixing
(c) Suppose that the ring attains its maximum radial speed when it is at a distance device is used to keep the solution inside each tank homogeneous at all times.
d from O. Show that d satisfies the equation (i) Find the volume of liquid LQ in the first tank at time t.
2 (ii) Show that, for n = 2, 3,…, N, the volume of liquid LQ in the nth tank at
§ a2  l 2 · 2 g
¨¨ 2 ¸¸ : (d  l ) . time t is
©a d
2
¹ ld
ve  kt (kt ) n 1 3
m .
(n  1)!

S
dx
2. It is known that the integral I
sin x
³06
exists.

(a) Can you apply the trapezoidal rule directly to find an approximation to I?
Explain briefly.
(b) By using the substitution u sin x , find an approximation to I to 4
significant figures by applying the trapezoidal rule with 6 subintervals.
(c) Show that the maximum error in using your answer in (b) as an approximation
to I is less than 0.013.
(d) Find the least number of subintervals required in applying the trapezoidal rule
to evaluate I, with the substitution u sin x , so that the error will be less
than 0.005 in magnitude.
3. Consider the equation E : 3 ln x  x 0. (i) Find the probability that A wins the game given that a deuce has
(a) Show that E has exactly one root r in the interval [4, 5]. occurred.
(b) The method of successive substitution with iteration formula x n 1 g ( x n ) is (ii) Find the probability that A wins the game.
applied to find the root r in (a). Consider the following two iteration functions: (b) Suppose the rules are as follows:
x Whoever scores 21 points before the other scores 20 wins the game. If both
g1 ( x) e3 , score 20 points, they have a deuce. In the deuce, they continue to play and the
g 2 ( x) 3 ln x . one who first scores two more points than the other wins the game.
(i) Which one is suitable for finding r? Using normal approximation to binomial probabilities, find the probability
Prove that your choice guarantees convergence to r for an arbitrary that A wins the game. (Hint: You may use the fact that the probability for A to
initial guess in [4, 5]. score 21 points before B scores 20 is equal to the probability that A scores 21
(ii) Prove that the error in the nth iterate for approximating r in (i) is points or more in a total of 40 plays.)
bounded by
3 6. A car-hire service company knows that on any given day, the number of persons, r,
( ) n , where n = 1, 2, 3, ….
4 who want to hire a car from it has the following probability distribution:
(c) If Newton’s method is used for finding the root r in (a), what is the iteration e 5 u 5 r
P(r ) , where r = 0, 1, 2,….
function g(x)? Evaluate r correct to 4 decimal places with an initial guess of r!
4.2. The daily all-inclusive cost of keeping a car is $235, whether it is hired or not. If
the car is hired, the company collects a rental of $370 per day. The company is
4. The volume of petrol sold in a day at a gas station is x kilolitres, where 0 d x d f , only willing to keep not more than 6 cars.
with the following probability density function: (a) Calculate the company’s expected daily profit for each of the cases of keeping

x2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 cars.
2
f ( x) Cxe . Hence determine the optimum number of cars that the company should keep in
(a) Show that C = 1. order that the expected daily profit is a maximized.
(b) Find the expected value and variance of x. (b) Find the mean and standard deviation of the daily profit of the company when
(c) The total capacity of the storage tank in the station is 2.5 kilolitres. Petrol is the number of cars in (a) is kept.
delivered to the station every midnight to fill up the storage tank.
(i) Find the probability that all the petrol in the station will be sold out 7. A certain species of bacteria lives in an environment. At any time t, the probability
before midnight on any given day. that the population size (i.e., the total number of bacteria in the environment) is r
(ii) Find the expected volume of petrol sold in a day. is denoted by Pt (r ) , where r = 1, 2, …. Pt (r ) is known to satisfy the following
[Hint: You may use the table on Page 10 if necessary.] differential equation:
dPt (r )
OrPt (r )  O (r  1) Pt (r  1) ,
5. A plays B in a table-tennis game which consists of a number of plays. In each play, dt
the probability that A scores one point is 0.6 and the probability that B scores one where O is a positive constant, Pt (0) 0 and P0 (1) 1 .
point is 0.4. (a) Let P t denote the expected population size at time t, namely,
f
(a) Suppose the rules are as follows:
Pt ¦ rPt (r ) .
Whoever scores 6 points before the other scores 5 wins the game. If both score r 1

5 points, they have a deuce. In the deuce, they continue to play and the one dP t
(i) Show that OP t .
who first scores two more points than the other wins the game. dt
 (ii) Hence, or otherwise, find P t . found that the transformed variable y = ln x follows a normal distribution with
f mean P and standard deviation 0.92. Denote the median of x by M.
(b) Let Ft ¦r 2
Pt (r ) .
(a) Determine M in terms of P .
r 1

dFt (b) A random sample of 15 households was taken. Their annual incomes (in
(i) Show that  2OFt Oe Ot .
dt thousand dollars) in 1990 were recorded as follows:
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the variance of the population size at time t.
[In this question, you may assume that the following equality holds: 262 28 62 250 87
d f f
d 311 528 46 492 101
¦ f t (r )
dt r 1
¦ dt f t (r ) .]
r 1 55 48 177 50 124

8. Adults who suffer from a certain disease are classified as either Type A or Type B Construct a 95% confidence interval for P . Hence determine a 95%
patients. For each type of patients, the distribution of the hormone level is normal confidence interval for M.
with a standard deviation of 4 units each. The hormone levels of 25 randomly (c) The Labour Department claims that the median annual household income in
selected patients of each type are given in the following tables: 1990 has increased by 12% over that in 1989. If the median annual household
income for 1989 was $110 000, perform a hypothesis test for the Labour
Hormone Number of Hormone Number of Department’s claim at 0.1 significance level based on the data in (b).
level Type A patients level Type B patients (d) The head of the Labour Department wants to be 99% confident that the
5 – 10 1 40 – 45 2
10 – 15 3 45 – 50 4 estimate of P lies within 0.15 from the true value.
15 – 20 18 50 – 55 13 (i) How many households must be sampled to meet this requirement?
20 – 25 2 55 – 60 5 (ii) A sample of the size recommended in (i) is taken. A 99% confidence
25 – 30 1 60 – 56 1
interval (a, b) for M can be deduced from the 99% confidence interval
b
Adults who are free from this disease are regarded as healthy. The hormone level for P . Determine the ratio .
a
of healthy adults is known to follow a normal distribution with mean 35 and
standard deviation 7 units.
(a) Compute an interval, symmetric about the mean, which will cover 95% of all
future observations of the hormone levels of healthy adults.
(b) A diagnostic procedure is to classify an adult as healthy if his hormone level
falls within the interval in (a). What percentages of patients of Type A and
Type B respectively will be misclassified as healthy using this rule?
(c) To ensure that patients receive proper treatment, another procedure proposed
is such that only 1% of those of Type A and 1% of those of Type B will be
misclassified as healthy. Based on this rule, what percentage of healthy adults
will be misclassified?
(d) In a hormone level examination, it is found that 17% of all adults are Type A
patients and 8% are Type B patients. An adult is diagnosed as Type A patient
using the procedure in (c). What is the probability that he is actually healthy?

9. Let the annual income of a household in a country be x thousand dollars. It is