1. 3.

Figure 1

A particle is projected with speed v from a point O up a smooth inclined plane and Figure 2
in a vertical plane containing a line of greatest slope of the inclined plane. The
angle of inclination of the plane to the horizontal is D , and the angle of projection Two uniform ladders AB and BC, of equal length 2l but unequal weights W and
is T with the line of greatest slope of the plane. The particle first strikes the plane 2W respectively, are smoothly hinged at B and stand with their other ends on a
normally at a point A and makes its second impact with the plane at a point B. The rough horizontal plane, the coefficient of friction between each ladder and the
coefficient of restitution between the plane and the particle is e. plane being P . Each ladder makes an angle D with the horizontal. A man of
Show that weight W slowly ascends the ladder AB. Slipping begins when he has ascended a
(a) 2 tan T tan D 1. distance x along AB.
AB (a) Find P if
(b) e2 .
OA (i) x dl,
(ii) x ! l.
2. Two aeroplanes P1 and P2 , starting at the same time from points A and B (b) Let P 0.3 and D tan 1 2 . Show that slipping occurs at A and determine
respectively, fly horizontally towards each other along the straight path AB, where the normal reaction at A at the moment of slipping.
B is at a distance d due east of A. When the aeroplanes meet at a point P in
between A and B, they immediately reverse their lines of flight to return to their 4.
own starting points. Suppose that they fly with the same constant speed v, and that
a wind blows horizontally from a direction North T East with a constant speed w
(w < v).
(a) Show that
AP ( v 2  w 2 cos 2 T  w sin T ) 2
.
PB v 2  w2
(b) Show that the times of flight of P1 and P2 differ by
2dw sin T
.
v 2  w2
You may ignore the time taken by the aeroplanes to change their directions of
flight.
 Figure 3 with the table and AC is perpendicular to the table. The lamina is given a small
displacement and falls, the motion being parallel to the plane of the lamina.
A triangle OAB lies in the x-y plane, the coordinates of the vertices O, A, B being (See Figure 5.) Let Z be the angular velocity of the lamina when the edge
(0, 0), (a, 0) and (p, q) respectively. (See Figure 3.) Forces of magnitude and AB hits the table.
(i) If the table is rough enough to prevent slipping, show that
direction equal to OA, 2OB and O AB (O z 0) act along the sides OA, OB and
12( 2  1) g
Z2 .
AB respectively. 17 a
(a) Find the resultant of the given system of forces in term of i and j, where i and j (ii) If the table is smooth, show that
are unit vectors along the x and y axes respectively. Show that the system of 12( 2  1) g
Z2 .
forces cannot be in equilibrium for any non-zero value of O . 11a
(b) Show that the line of action of the resultant always passes through a fixed
point L on AB for any value of O . Find the ratio AL : LB. 6.
(c) To keep the given system of forces in equilibrium, a force F is applied to the
triangle at B together with a couple of moment G. Determine F and G.

5.

Figure 6

A particle P of mass m lies at the bottom of a rough inclined plane whose

inclination to the horizontal is D . P is connected, by a light inextensible string
Figure 4 Figure 5 passing over a small smooth pulley at the top of the inclined plane, to a particle Q
of mass M which is free to move vertically. The string lies along a line of greatest
(a) Figure 4 represents a lamina whose outer boundary ABCD and inner slope of the plane and the particle Q is at a height h above the ground. The
boundary EFGH are squares with a common centre and sides of lengths 2a coefficient of friction between P and the plane is P ( P  1) . The weight is then
and a respectively. The lamina is uniform and of mass M. Show that the released from rest with the string taut.
moment of inertia of the lamina about an axis through the corner A and (a) Prove that P will move up the inclined plane if and only if
17 M ! m(sin D  P cos D ) .
perpendicular to the plane of the lamina is Ma 2 . You may use the fact that
6 (b) Assuming that the condition in (a) is satisfied and that P remains on the
the moment of inertia of a uniform square lamina of sides 2l about an axis inclined plane during the whole motion,
through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the square is equal to (i) find the speed of Q when it reaches the ground.
2 (ii) For M = 2m, determine the value of D so that Q reaches the ground
mass u l 2 .
3 with the minimum speed.
(b) The lamina is placed on a horizontal table so that the corner A is in contact
7. A particle P of mass m rests on a smooth horizontal table and is attached by two (b) Assuming that the total energy of the system consisting of the rod and the
identical springs to two fixed points A and B. The natural length of each spring is l, spheres remains unchanged throughout the impact, determine the speed of the
1 mg second sphere immediately after the impact.
and they have modulus of elasticity mg (i.e. force = u extension ).
2 2l
5l 9. A particle is moving under the combined influence of electric and magnetic fields.
Initially P is at rest with AP = PB = .
4 Initially the particle is at rest at the origin. Its position at time t is given by the
vector r and is determined by the following equation of motion:
d2 r dr
E uW
dt 2 dt
where E and W are non-zero constant vectors.
(a) Show that
d2 r
 Z 2r E  (E u W )t  (r ˜ W ) W
dt 2
where Z W.
Figure 7

[You may use (a u b) u c (c ˜ a )b  (b ˜ c)a .]

(a) P is projected towards B with speed v, where v k gl . Show that, provided
(b) Suppose that E and W are perpendicular to each other.
5 (i) Show that r ˜ W 0.
0  k  , P performs simple harmonic motion. Determine the period and
4 (ii) Hence show that
amplitude of this motion. 1  cos Zt Zt  sin Zt
r E EuW .
(b) The particle P is performing the simple harmonic motion described in (a). Z2 Z2
When P is in the position of maximum displacement towards B, the spring
connected to A is removed so that it no longer affects the motion of P. Show
that in the subsequent motion, the closest approach of P to the point B is:
1 1 5
(i) (5  4k )l for dk ,
4 4 4
1 1
(ii) (3  4k )l for 0  k  .
4 4

8. A uniform rod OP, of mass M and length a, is free to rotate in a vertical plane
about a fixed smooth horizontal axis passing through the end O. A small sphere of
mass m1 is fixed to the other end P of the rod, and a second small sphere of mass
m2 rests freely at a distance a vertical below O. Initially the rod is held above the
horizontal axis with OP making an acute angle D with the vertical, and then
released from rest so that the first sphere hits the second sphere directly.
(a) Find the angular velocity of the rod before the impact, when OP makes an
angle T with the vertical.
1. The populations of two neighbouring countries A and B are under study. Their S

natural growth rates are both 1% per annum. However, people are free to migrate
I ³0
6 ln(1  sin x)dx

from one country to the other. People in A move to B at an annual rate of 4% of is to be evaluated by numerical methods.
the population of A, and from B to A at an annual rate of 3% of the population of B. (a) Consider the composite trapezoidal rule:
Initially, A has 10 million people and B has 5 million. Let x(t) and y(t) be the ba­ n 1
ba ½
® f ( a )  2¦ f ( a  i
b

populations of A and B respectively after t years, and assume that they may be ³
a
f ( x ) dx
2n ¯ i 1 n
)  f (b)¾  ET
¿
considered as continuous variables. where the error term is
(a) Set up two simultaneous differential equations for x(t) and y(t). f cc([ )(b  a ) 3
ET  , where a  [  b .
(b) Show that 12n 2
d2x dx 6 x Apply this rule to evaluate I, so that the error is less than 10 4 .
100 5  0.
dt 2 dt 100 (b) Consider the composite mid-point rule:
Hence find x(t) and y(t). ba n § ba·
¦ f ¨ a  (2i  1) 2n ¸¹  E M
b

(c) After how many years will A and B have equal populations? ³
a
f ( x)dx
n i1 ©
where the error term is
2. (a) Suppose an equation f cc(K )(b  a ) 3
EM  , where a  K  b .
x = g(x) 24n 2
has exactly one root, D , in the interval [a, b]. Suppose further that Apply this rule to evaluate I, with the same number of subintervals as in (a).
(c) Using (a) and (b), show that
g c( x) d M , for any x in [a, b].
0.115735 < I < 0.115765.
If x n 1 g ( x n ) and a d x n d b (n = 0, 1, 2, …), show that [Note: Retain at least 6 decimal places in all calculations and neglect the round-off
errors.]
x n 1  D d M n 1 x0  D .

Deduce that, if M < 1, then sequence {x n } converges to D . 4.

(b) Consider the equation 5.
E : x3  2x  1 0 . 6. In a large professional drivers’ association, the proportion, p, of the members who
(i) Show that E has exactly one root in [0, 0.8]. Denote this root by D . smoke is to be estimated.
(ii) Suppose the iteration formula (a) Ten members were randomly sampled and interviewed. Four of them were
1 found to be smokers. Determine a 0.95 confidence interval ( p1 , p 2 ) for p,
(1  x n )
3
x n 1
2 where p1 and p 2 satisfy the following equations:
is used to determine D . If 0 d x0 d 0.8 , show that § · r
10 10

0 d x n d 0.8 , for any positive integer n.

¦ ¨¨ ¸¸ p1 (1  p1 )10 r 0.025 ,
r 4 ©r ¹

Hence show that the sequence {x n } converges to D . 4

§10 · r
(iii) Use the above iteration to determine D , starting with x0 0 . Give
¦ ¨¨ ¸¸ p 2 (1  p 2 )10 r 0.025 .
r 0 ©r ¹

your answer correct to four decimal places. Give your answers correct to two decimal places.
(c) Explain why, if Newton’s method is used to solve E, fewer iterations would be (b) It is felt that the above interval is too long for practical purposes. In order to
expected to obtain D to the same accuracy as in (b). reduce its length to 0.10 and yet keep the same confidence level, how many
more members must be randomly selected for interview? (You may use normal
3. The integral approximation, taking 0.40 as a preliminary point estimate for p.)
 (c) Suppose a second sample of the size recommended in (b) is taken, and 125 mean 51 g and standard deviation 5 g.
members of the sample are found to be smokers. Determine a 0.95 confidence Mr. Gee has 150 USA hens and 150 PRC hens.
interval for p, using the combined information of the two samples. (a) On the average, how many Grade 4 eggs are produced daily?
(b) If Mr. Gee wants to have as many Grade 3 eggs as Grade 5 eggs produced per
7. Prior to an official talk on pay rise, the Management and the Union of a large day, in what ratio must be possess USA hens to PRC hens? Suppose he wishes
enterprise made two independent sample surveys, seeking to ascertain what to increase the number of one breed of hens only to reach this ratio. How
percentage increase in salary was considered approximate by the employees. The many more hens should he buy for producing eggs, and of which breed?
results reported by the two parties are as follows: (c) He has completed the further investment plan in (b). Eggs of the same grade
are randomly packed into boxes of 6. In a box of Grade 4 eggs, what is the
Survey Sample Mean Standard probability that at most one has been laid by a PRC hen?
Conductor Size Deviation
Management 50 10.7 4.7
Union 30 11.4 1.8 9. Two machines A and B fill boxes with detergent powder. Machine A is set to fill
each box with P 0 kg of the powder. The net weight varies according to a normal
[Note: In this problem, the standard deviation is defined by a formula using n – 1 distribution, with a standard deviation of 0.15 kg. Machine B is set to fill each box
in the denominator.] with P1 kg of the powder. The net weight also varies according to a normal
(a) Explain why an experienced statistician would find some of the above figures distribution, but with a standard deviation of 0.10 kg.
surprising. (a) It is desired that no more than 2.5% of the boxes filled by each machine
(b) The statistician found the following three errors in the Management data: should weigh less than 2.80 kg net. Determine the minimum values of P 0
and P1 .
Datum recorded 15.1 5.7 40.1 (b) The values of P 0 and P1 determined in (a) are used for production. A
Correct value 11.5 7.5 10.4 shipment of the product is delivered to a supermarket. The whole shipment
was actually filled by one and the same machine, but it is not known whether
Calculate the correct mean and standard deviation of the Management data. the machine was A or B. You, the supermarket manager, decide to randomly
(c) On each datum recorded by the Union, the probability of an error is 0.05. If
sample n boxes, unpack them, and obtain the average net weight, x kg. The
the statistician found two errors within any 10 consecutive data, he would
value x is then compared with a pre-determined value c. If x > c, you
declare the survey to be void. Find the probability that the survey was declared
would regard the machine to be A. If x d c , you would regard the machine to
void within the first 11 data checks. be B. In either case, you want to limit the probability of making a wrong
(d) When all the Union data were checked, no error was found. The survey results decision to 0.05. Determine the values of n and c.
were then combined for presentation to the official talk. Calculate the mean (c) Suppose that, of the n boxes sampled in (b), the first five boxes have net
and standard deviation of the 80 data. weights 2.97, 3.11, 2.94, 3.05, 3.00 kg, and the remaining n – 5 boxes have an
average net weight of 3.05 kg. Would you conclude that the shipment was
8. Farm eggs are graded by weight according to the following criteria: filled by machine A or by machine B? Why?

Grade 6 5 4 3 2
Weight (g) 45 – 50 50 – 55 55 – 60 60 – 65 65 – 70

A USA hen lays, on the average, 1.7 eggs per day, and a PRC hen 2.2 eggs. The
weights of USA eggs are normally distributed, with mean 62 g and standard
deviation 6 g. The weights of PRC eggs are also normally distributed, but with