1.

(a) A particle is projected with speed u from a point up an inclined plane of

inclination D to the horizontal in a direction which makes an angle T with 3. Two satellites, P and Q, are moving in concentric circles in the x-y plane, centered
the plane. The path of the particle is in a vertical plane containing a line of on (0, 0) and with constant angular velocities : and Z respectively
greatest slope of the plane. (:, Z ! 0) . At time t = 0, P has position vector Ri and Q has position vector ri
(i) Find the time of flight. ( R ! r ! 0) .
(ii) Show that the range r is given by (a) Find expressions for the position vector of P relative to Q and the velocity of
u2 P relative to Q at time t.
r [sin(2T  D )  sin D ] .
g cos 2 D (b) Find an expression for the angle subtended by P and Q at the centre at instants
(iii) Determine the angle T for maximum range. when the velocity of P relative to Q is parallel to the line joining P and Q.
(c) Hence, or otherwise, show that
(b) A stone is projected with a speed of 10 ms -1 up an inclined plane of (i) for the velocity of P relative to Q to be parallel to the line joining PQ,
inclination 30q to the horizontal at such an angle so as to reach a maximum it is necessary that
range. After some time another stone is projected from the same point with a R:  rZ , and
speed of 15 ms -1 so that the two stones land on the inclined plane in the same (ii) at such times the distance d between the satellites is given by
place and at the same time. Find the angle of projection of the second stone ( R 2  r 2 )(Z  :)
d2 .
and the time difference between the projection of the two stones. Z :

2. 4.

Figure 2

Three masses m1 , m2 and m3 lie in a straight line on a smooth horizontal table.

m1 is connected to m2 by a light inextensible string and m2 is connected to
m3 by a light spring of spring constant k (tension = k u extension) (See Figure
Figure 1 2.) Initially, the masses m1 , m2 and m3 are in equilibrium and the string is taut.
m3 is made to move away from m2 with an initial velocity u. Let x1 , x 2 and
A smooth hemispherical bowl of radius r stands on a horizontal table. A thin, x3 be the displacement of masses m1 , m2 and m3 from their initial positions
uniform and smooth chopstick of length l and mass M rests in equilibrium on the respectively.
bowl, the points of contact being A (inside the bowl) and B (on the rim), with (a) Show that, during the time in which the string remains taut,
AB d (See Figure 1.) The points A, B and the lowest point of the bowl lie in (m1  m2 ) x2 k ( x3  x 2 ) and
the same vertical plane. m3 x3 k ( x3  x 2 ) .
(a) Show that Hence, show that
4( d 2  2 r 2 ) u
l . x3  x 2 sin Z t ,
d Z
(b) Find the reaction on the chopstick at B.
 k (m1  m2  m3 )
where Z .
(m1  m2 )m3

(b) Determine the velocity of the mass m2 at the instant when the tension of the
string vanishes.

5.

Figure 4

A smooth circular track with centre O and radius r is fixed in a horizontal plane.
PQ is a uniform thin rod of length 2a and mass 3m, where a < r, and N is the
mid-point of PQ. The two ends P and Q of the rod is at rest. A beetle of mass m
initially at rest at P begins to crawl along PQ, the rod (or equivalently the line ON)
has turned through at angle T .
(a) By applying the principle of conservation of angular momentum, show that
[ E 2  (a  x) 2 ]T cx ,
Figure 3
where c r 2  a2 and E a 2  4c 2 .

A bicycle wheel of mass m and radius a is mounted vertically on its own axis. The (b) Show that, when the beetle reaches the end Q, the rod will have rotated
mass of the wheel can be considered to be uniformly distributed round the rim. through an angle T 1 given by
The rotation of the wheel is resisted by a frictional couple, kT , where T is the c aE
T1 tan 1 ( ).
angle turned through by the wheel after time t and k is a positive constant. A light E 2c 2
inextensible string rests over the upper half of the wheel, with particles of masses
2m and 3m attached to the ends (See Figure 3.) The string does not slip on the 7.
wheel. The system is released from rest at time t = 0.
(a) Show that
6ma 2T  kT mga .
(b) Find an expansion for the angle turned through at time t.
1 2
(c) Using the approximation e x | 1  x  x , show that, for small values of t,
2
1 2
the distance moved by the particles is approximately gt .
12

6. Figure 5

A hollow circular cylinder of negligible thickness and mass M is hinged smoothly

 at a point P on one of its circular rims. The cylinder is free to rotate about a
vertical axis l tangent to the rim at the point P as shown in figure 5. The radius of 9.
the cylinder is a and its length is also a. Initially, the cylinder is at rest.
(a) Find the moment of inertia of the cylinder about the axis l.
(b) Suppose a torque kT (k is a constant) acts on the cylinder about the axis
when the cylinder is rotated through an angle T . Find
(i) the angular velocity of the cylinder when it has turned through a right
angle, and
(ii) the impulsive moment required to bring the cylinder to rest. Figure 7

8. A billiard ball of mass 0.3 kg and radius 22 mm lies at rest on a horizontal table. A
billiard player hits the ball with a cue giving an initial angular velocity, Z 0 , of
350 radians per second in the anticlockwise direction and an initial horizontal
velocity, v0 , of 2 metres per second towards the right (as shown in figure 7.) It is
given that the moment of inertia of a sphere with mass m and radius a about a
2
diameter is ma 2 . If the coefficient of friction between the moving ball and the
5
table is 0.15,
(a) determine whether the ball will momentarily stop moving forwards and roll
back, assuming that the table is long enough so that the motion of the ball will
not be obstructed, and
(b) determine when slipping will cease.
Figure 6

One end of a long piece of light thread is wound round a cylinder of radius a fixed
to a horizontal table. The other end is tied to a particle of mass m. With the thread
taut, the particle is started from rest with a horizontal velocity u perpendicular to
the thread and continues to move around the cylinder in such a way that it
unwinds itself from the cylinder. T is the angle through which the thread has
rotated. Let er be the unit vector in the direction joining the axis of the cylinder
to the point where the thread just touches the cylinder and eT the unit vector in
the direction joining the particle to this point (as shown in figure 6.) h is the length
of the segment of thread initially straight.
&
(a) Find the position vector p and the velocity p of the particle with respect to
the axis of the cylinder in terms of er , eT , a, h and T .
(b) Using conservation of energy, show that (h  aT )T u .
(c) Find the tension in the thread at time t.
1. Two kinds of bacteria, A and B, coexist in an environment. Both reproduce at a provided f(x) has a derivative of order n + 1, then there is a [ in ( x0 , x n )
rate proportional to their numbers, and the constants of proportionality are r1 and such that
r2 (r2 ! r1 ! 0) respectively. The environment is well-nourished so that no g ( n 1) ([ ) 0 .
natural deaths occur during the time of investigation. However, each bacterium A Hence show that the error at any value t in [ x0 , x n ] in using p(x) as an
kills bacteria B at the rate of c per unit time. Initially, the population of A is x0 approximation to f(x) is
and the population of B is kx0 . ­0 , for t x 0 , x1 , ..., x n
°
(a) After time t, what are the numbers of E (t ) f (t )  p (t ) ® S (t ) ( n 1)
° (n  1)! f ([ ), otherwise
(i) bacteria A and ¯
(ii) bacteria B? (c) Determine the quadratic polynomial p(x) which is equal to the function
d dy 1
[Hint: Note that ( ye ax ) e ax
 aye ax .] f ( x) sin ʌ x at x = 0, 1 and 2. Show that the maximum error in using this
dx dx 4
c quadratic as an approximation over the interval [0, 2] is less than 0.032.
(b) Show that bacteria B will be eventually eliminated if r1 ! r2  .
k
4. (a) A set of 19 unknown positive measurements x1 , x 2 , ..., x19 has mean equal to
x 7, median equal to 5 and variance equal to 8.
2. Let f ( x) tan x  .
1 x2 (i) Let y i 3 xi  4 , i = 1, …, 19. Find the values of the mean, median
(a) For what values of x in [0, 10] is f(x) discontinuous? and variance of the y i ' s .
(b) Draw a rough sketch of f(x) for 0 d x d 10 . 2
(ii) Let z i xi , i = 1, …, 19. Find the values of the mean and median of
(c) The zero of f(x) that lies in [4, 9] is to be located using the iterative scheme
x n 1 g ( x n ) where the z i ' s . What would happen if some of the xi ' s were negative?
1 (b)Mr Chan, Mr Lee, Mr Cheung, Mr Wong and Mr Ho have ages 20, 22, 26, 28
g ( x) [(1  x 2 ) tan x  kx] .
1 k and 34 respectively. Two of them are chosen (without replacement) at random
Of the values k = 1, k = 20 and k = 35 which is most suitable for this scheme? to form a team to carry out a certain task. Calculate the expected value,
Explain your answer. median and variance of
(d) Using (c), determine the required zero of f(x) correct to four decimal places. (i) A, the average age of the chosen team, and
(ii) L, the age of the older team member.
3. An approximating polynomial, p(x), of degree n is defined so that it equals the
function f(x) at xi , i 0, 1, 2, ..., n. (Assume that x0  x1  x 2  ...  x n .) 5. In the manufacturing of a certain chemical, a safety valve is employed to guard
(a) Show that against the possibility of excess pressure inside the reaction chamber. When the
n
pressure reaches the danger level, the safety valve opens at discrete times 1, 2, 3
p( x) ¦ l ( x) f ( x ) .
i 0
i i
or 4 seconds with probabilities 0.6, 0.3, 0.09 and 0.01 respectively. Once the valve
( x  x0 )( x  x1 )...( x  xi 1 )( x  xi 1 )...( x  x n ) is open, pressure immediately reduces to a safety level.
where li ( x) .
( xi  x0 )( xi  x1 )...( xi  xi 1 )( xi  xi 1 )...( xi  x n ) (a) Find the mean and standard deviation of the time for the valve to open when
(b) Let S ( x) ( x  x0 )( x  x1 )...( x  x n ) the pressure inside the chamber reaches the danger level.
S ( x) (b) In one year of operation, the probability that the pressure inside the reaction
And g ( x) f ( x)  p( x)  [ f (t )  p (t )] ,
S (t ) chamber reaches the danger level is 0.001. If the pressure stays at the danger
where t is an arbitrarily chosen value in ( x0 , x n ) but with t z xi , i = 0, 1, level for over 2.5 seconds, there will be gas leakage from the reaction chamber.
2, …, n. Show that g(x) has at least n + 2 distinct zeros in [ x0 , x n ] and, What is the probability of having a gas leakage in a year?
 (c) A new model of the manufacturing plant employs two such safety valves, each
operating independently of the other. What is the probability of having a gas
leakage in a year if the new model is used?
(d) For the new model, compute the mean and standard deviation of the time for
the pressure to reduce to a safety level after it has reached the danger level.
6. On the label of a certain brand of brandy, it was claimed that the content is a bottle
was 240 ml. Past experience showed that the actual content in a bottle was
normally distributed with standard deviation 2 ml.
(a) The Consumer Council received complaints that the actual content in a bottle
of this brandy was less than that claimed. The executive officer of the
Consumer Council, Mr Chan, was asked to investigate this matter. He took a
sample of 25 bottles and found that hey had a mean content of 239 ml.
(i) Set up the relevant null and alternative hypotheses for Mr Chan.
(ii) Perform a hypothesis test for Mr Chan at 5% significance level. What
should the conclusion be?
(b) Mrs Wong was the quality control engineer of the company manufacturing the
brandy. Either too much or too little content in a bottle would cause concern to
Mrs Wong. She decided to inspect a random sample of 100 bottles and
perform a hypothesis test at 5% significance level. From this, she will decide
whether or not to adjust the filling process.
(i) Set up the relevant null alternative hypotheses for Mrs Wong.
(ii) If the actual mean content was 239.5 ml, what is the probability that
Mrs Wong would decide not to adjust the process?
(iii) In an actual test of 100 bottles, the mean was found to be 239.2 ml.
Perform the hypothesis test for Mrs Wong and draw a conclusion.
6. In a factory, the quality of nails produced by a machine is controlled by inspecting
a sample randomly selected from the nails produced each hour. If more than two
defective nails are found in the sample, the machine has to be stopped for
adjustment.
(a) Suppose that the sample size is 10.
(i) Find the probability that the machine would be stopped if actually 10%
of the nails produced are defective.
(ii) Find the probability that the machine would not be stopped if actually
20% of the nails produced are defective.
(b) If 20% of the nails produced are defective, and n is the smallest number of
nails that should be inspected in order that the probability of obtaining more
than two defective nails is at least 0.95, show that 0.8 n (n 2  7 n  32)  1.6 .
Hence verify that n = 30.
(c) Suppose the machine has run for two weeks continuously without interruption.
A total of 3360 nails have been inspected and 283 of them are found to be
defective. Assuming that the true percentage, p, of defective nails is constant
over time, calculate a 95% confidence interval for p.
8. There are two brands, A and B, of a certain electronic device. The life lengths of
devices A are normally distributed with mean 100 hours and standard deviation
100 hours. The life lengths of devices B are also normally distributed with mean
900 hours and standard deviation 80 hours.
(a) Suppose that 10 devices A are put into operation at the same time.
(i) What is the probability that exactly three of them will fail before 900
hours have elapsed?
(ii) What is the value of t such that, with probability 0.9, at least one of
them is still functioning after t hours?
(b) Suppose that six devices A and four devices B are put into operation at the
same time.
(i) What is the probability that a total of two devices will fail before 900
hours have elapsed?
(ii) What is the probability that a device chosen randomly from the 10
devices will fail before 900 hours have elapsed?
9. The hardness of minerals is measured by the depth of the indentation of a diamond
cone, giving a scale which ranges from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).
(a) If the mineral is feldspar, its hardness has a normal distribution with mean 6
and standard deviation 0.3. What is the probability of obtaining a piece of
feldspar having hardness less than 5.6?
(b) The hardness of another mineral, apatite, is also normally distributed. It is
known that the probability of a piece of apatite having hardness less than 5.6 is
0.97, and the probability of it having hardness more than 4.5 is 0.91. Find the
mean and standard deviation of the hardness of apatite.
(c) A scientist has collected a piece of mineral with hardness less than 5.6. He
knows that the probability of finding a piece of feldspar is 0.6 and the
probability of finding a piece of apatite is 0.4.
(i) Determine the probability that a piece of collected mineral is feldspar
and with hardness less than 5.6.
(ii) Determine the probability that a piece of collected mineral is apatite
 and with hardness less than 5.6.
(iii) Using (i) and (ii), find the probability that the mineral collected by the
scientist is feldspar rather than apatite.