2011 2nd Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference
Matrix converter for two-phase induction Motor
Application:Analysis, Modeling and Simulation
M. Asgar, S. Mansourpour, E. Afjei
Faculty of Electrical & Computer Eng.
Shahid Beheshti University G.C.
Tehran, IRAN
m_asgar@sbu.ac.ir
Abstract—This paper investigates the vector control of a two-
phase induction motor drives with using matrix converter
topologies. The aim is to reach a set of switches that can produce
two phases voltage and current in order to be used in an
induction motor . Since it is important to have a desired
frequency for motor operation then this task can be achieved
using matrix converter . Solution presents a switching system
based on matrix converter to reach desired output voltage from
two outputs patches. It is shown that the switching of these
conduction patch must not be simultaneous but has to take place
in the exact and proper switching order. Simulation result for
two-phase induction motor produced and presented. Space vector
Modulation using MATLAB Simulink has been performed and
results are presented .
Keywords: two-phase induction motor; Matrix converter;
switching ;
I. INTRODUCTION
The most important advantages of multi-phase machine
compare to three-phase machine are superior torque density,
better efficiency, low torque pulsations, better fault tolerance,
and reduced rating per inverter leg. Also , noise performances
of the drive improve. The limitation of multi-phases machines
is that they need a power electronic converter for phase
conversion because three-phase supply is only easily
available[13].
Two-phase Induction motors possess a lot of applications
in technology. The synchronous rotational speed of the rotor is
controlled by the number of pole and by the frequency of
supply voltage. The performance of a two-phase induction
motor driven by the inverter is discussed in detail in [10].
Although the inverter in [10] can achieve the variable speed
control of two-phase induction motors, it is operated by fixed-
frequency square wave, and is supplied by a DC voltage
source. To achieve variable-frequency control, the methods of
phase-difference angle control and the selected harmonic
elimination PWM technique are used in [9][8] in order to
reach fix output voltage in variable frequency rang. In [11] a
three-phase inverter is presented for driving two-phase
unsymmetrical induction motors, in which six power
transistors are used[1].
Different types of converter topologies are known in recent
century[2].AC-AC converters has many applications induction
motor drives . These converters are becoming popular due to
This paper is supported by the fund from Power Electronics research center at
Shahid Beheshti university G.C.
978-1-61284-421-3/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
the availability of better switching devices [16]. Nowadays,
they are devices which use IGBT's or CBT's switches in a
complex configuration or connection [18],[12]. In earlier
decades, research effort has gone into the development of
space vector modulation (SVM) strategies for voltage source
(VSI) and current source(CSI) to achieve various harmonic
elimination and optimization strategies witch implement a
SVM strategy optimized for a specific goal and eliminate or
minimize low order harmonics.
In many applications the output frequency and amplitude
are linked by a fixed relationship. For example to produce an
output voltage with a constant magnetizing current in the
driven induction motor. It shown that how AC-AC Matrix
Convertor (MC) theory [4],[3] could be adopted to implement a
SVM with minimal low order harmonics and no increase in the
number of switches.
The matrix converter introduced by Venturini and Alesina
in 1979 is the most popular in the family of ac-ac direct
converters[4],[5]. The small input filter needed to circulate the
high-frequency switching order.
Matrix converters provide a solution to the problem of
converting AC power from one frequency to another .They
have many advantages compared to the DC-link convertors[6].
The most of the Modulation strategies are able to provide
sinusoidal waveforms of the output current with low harmonic.
In general, the desirable characteristics of ac to ac
converters are sinusoidal input and output waveforms and
bidirectional energy flow and minimal energy storage and
controllable power factor (PF) [7]. The use of a MC eliminates
the need for dc voltage sources that supply average power [16]
,[17], also it is capable of both increasing, and decreasing the
voltage magnitude and frequency. It is also possible to reach
maximum (0.86 Vin) voltage in outputs but it should be used
line to line voltages or space vector modulation. This paper
present a way to use ac-ac MC theory to achieves a standard
level of control without requiring additional switching devices.
This type of converters has a simple structure and many
attractive features , It’s main advantages are adjustable PF[15] ,
bidirectional power flow and compact design due to lack of
energy storage[14].
II. ANALAYSE
This section discusses a Matrix converter that m =3
and n =2 which m and n are the number of input phase and
output phase, respectively. This is structure include 3
246
2 bidirectional switches In fig.1.a, shows the input supply
voltage which includes three-phases with2 /3 phase shift. In
the load two-phase with π/2 phase shift is produced for the cos
load. As it shown each switch in the MC include two diode (2)
and two IGBTs.

cos
(3)
cos ⁄2

Switch array
The gain for output voltages(q) in every modulation
system can be different and it is depend on what type or
modulation technique used or either the line to line or phase
to neutral used .
III. EQUATION
Each switch in the MC structure can be connected or
disconnected with a proper combination of the conduction
states for these switches. Venturini shows [4] that the voltage
`

for output phases using (4):

a) (4)

S is the matrix that determines the condition of each switch

in an instant. It is obvious , in the structure of MC only one
closed switch in a column for each instance of time is
possible. That means (5) has to be true:

∑ , , =1 ; j={a,b} (5)
b)
It can easily found that output voltages are :
Figure 1.a) Matrix converters structure. b)clamp circuit

It should be mentioned that using switches shown fig.2

will result in ideal bidirectional flow to avoid commutation (6)
problem[1] .
It will be shown that modulations in this paper are defined
as:

(7)

Figure 2. each switch of MC

Using switching system based on semiconductors rises
more attention in order to avoid overvoltage. Because
overvoltage causes destruction in structure of semiconductors.
One of the best and standard way to avoid overvoltage is using
clamp circuit, Fig.1.b shows a typical clamp circuit. It should
be noted that power consumption in clamp circuit is
negligible[20].
All three input phases have current , , , input voltages
of , , and Output voltages are , which have π/2
phase difference with respect to each other.
cos
= (1)
It should be noted that a voltage ratio of 86.6% is
maximum for any modulation method where the reference
output voltage equals the mean output voltage during each
switching sequence. Venturini provides a proof of this fact in
[4],[5].Then output voltage can be represent by (8):
(8)
M(t) is the matrix that shows the exact time period that the
input voltages should be connected to the two-phases
induction motor. So for three-phases to two-phase induction
motor the following equatio can be extracted:
(9)

247
 Also it is obvious that the output currents and input
currents can be presented by:

(10)

Venturini shows that matrix M include two parts that

represented in [4],[5]. Since It is desired to reach maximum
gain in both inputs of inducion motor, in whole T (sample a)
time) and is the duty cycle , matrix M can be represent by:

1 (11)

i=A,B,C and j =a,b

There is a block diagrom shown in fig.3 to find mij.

Using venturini’s optimom method [4][5], the duty cycle

for each switch can be calculated from following equation , It
is obvious MC’s switch should be close in an exact time that
represented in (12) for each switch: b)
Figure 4. a) Achieving activation time from tA and tB in order to reach tC.
= ×T (12)
b) Generation of switching function.

j={a,b} , i={A,B,C} Consider source voltage amplitude is 200v and frequency

Output voltage for each phase with low frequency
component can be described by:
= ; j={a,b}
IV. SIMULATION
Fig.3 shows the block diagram used in simulink in order
to simulate equation(1) in order to find matrix m :
used is 50 Hz, load resistance=10Ω and load
inductance=30mH. The required output voltage needs to have
140v amplitude with 25Hz frequency, switching frequency is
1kHz.
In order to accomplish this simulation a variable-step solver
(13) included in MATLAB Simulink (ode45 , dormand-prince), has
been used.
Fig.5 shows using the voltage produced from switching
functions, will result in a good sinusoidal behavior that can
used for all frequency domains.
According to Fig.5 the most important consideration is the
order of switches in whole period. It can be found that
switching open time is T and should never be activated at the
same time . This order of switching cause to use exact one
input voltage in an instant of time .

Figure 3.Block diagram for producing of matrix M(t)

One of the most important considerations that should be

noted is the generation of matrix S . Fig.4 shows the switching
function of jth output phase. This block shows how matrix m
should be generated.:

Figure 5. Switching function of jth output phase

248
 The most important part of simulation is producing a
switching function to reach exact time that each switch should
be activated or not. Using venturinies equations [4] , matrix
M(t) can be extracted . So with using matrix M(t) in the (12)
the duty cycle for every switch can be found by:
. , . , . (14)
j ={a,b}

It is clear the collection of three inputs is needs to reach the

low frequency required the output. Collection of these pieces of
voltage together cause desirable voltage that has expected
frequency and amplitude of output voltage. (max 0.86 Vin)[4].
Fig.6 shows the output voltages of MC that includes every
three MC's input voltages and It yield two input voltages of
induction motor with π/2 phase difference. It also shows that Figure 7. Input current of induction motor in phase a,b (output current of MC )
input of MC connected to a three-phases source with 50 Hz
frequency, will produce 25Hz the output voltage. According to Fig.8 shows that the main harmonic order occurs near the
fig.6 output voltage in a moment cannot be more than the output frequency that in this case is 25Hz.
maximum input voltage for that moment. The modulation that
considered in this paper is space vector and the line to line
voltage, so the maximum voltage can be expected 86 percent
of input voltage [19].

Figure 8. Harmonic spectrum of output va of MC (input of induction motor)

Fig.9 shows the output vb harmonic spectrum . It is clear

that the main harmonic happened approximately of 25Hz.
According to fig.10 and fig.11, It is obvious using this method
produce proper two-phase voltages for in order to supply two-
phase induction motor. As It is shown in the main frequency
cause output currents will be approximately 25Hz.

Figure 6. output voltage of MC (input of induction motor)

Fig.6 shows output voltage Va,b with the conditions that

mentioned. It can be found out that output frequency can not
be limited by input frequency.
According to the fig.7 input currents is obvious the two-
phase induction motor have approximately π/2 phase
difference.

Figure 9. Harmonic spectrum of output vb of MC (input of induction motor)

249

Figure 10. Harmonic spectrum of output ia of MC (input of induction motor)
Figure 11. Harmonic spectrum of output ib of MC (input of induction motor)
V. CONCLUSION
Basic principles of Matrix converters is discussed a 3×2
matrix converter presented to control a three-phase input
voltage to two-phase output voltage which can be used in a
two-phase induction motor presented. Also using MC has
helped to decrease the unwanted harmonics. The result
voltages show that two-phase matrix converter has better
quality at low frequency in output and low-order magnitude
harmonics appear. The presented model shown in this paper
proves that the switching order used in MC is a proper way to
control a two-phases induction motor with variable frequency
in order to reach maximum gain and desirable speed.
Presented structure for MC for Induction motor reduces the
harmonics contents of both current and voltage . In addition, it
causes any overvoltage and over current to be produced.
Validity of this method are shown with results given. Finally,
simulation results show good agreement with theory.
REFERENCES
[1] J. RODRI´ GUEZy, E. SILVA*y, F. BLAABJERGz, P. WHEELERx, J.
CLAREx and J. PONTTy “Matrix converter controlled with the direct
transfer function approach: analysis, modelling and simulation”
250
International Journal of Electronics Vol. 92, No. 2, February 2005, 63–
85.
[2] Patrick W. Wheeler, José Rodríguez, Jon C. Clare,Lee Empringham,
and Alejandro Weinstein, ”Matrix Converters: A Technology Review”,
IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronic,vol . 49, NO. 2, April 2002.
[3] Hulusi Karaca, Ramazan Akkaya.” Control of Venturini Method Based
Matrix Converter in Input Voltage Variations”, IMECS 2009, March 18
- 20, 2009, Hong Kong.
[4] A. Alesina and M. G. B. Venturini, “Analysis and design of
optimumamplitude nine-switch direct AC–AC converters,” IEEE Trans.
Power Electron., vol. 4, pp. 101–112, Jan. 1989.
[5] A. Alesina and M. Venturini, “Intrinsic amplitude limits and
optimumdesign of 9-switches direct PWM AC–AC converters,” in Proc.
IEEE PESC’88, vol. Apr., 1988, pp. 1284–1291M. Young, The
Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science,
1989.
[6] Donald Grahame Holmes,” A Unified Modulation Algorithm forVoltage
and Current Source Inverters Based on ac - ac Matrix Converter Theory”
,IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronic, VOL. 28, NO. 1, JanFeb 1992.
[7] Siyoung Kim, Seung-Ki Sul, and Thomas A. Lipo,” AC/AC Power
Conversion Based on Matrix Converter Topology with Unidirectional
Switches” ,IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronic, VOL. 36, NO. 1, Jan/Feb
2000.
[8] JANG, D., CHA, G., KIM, D., and WON, J.: ‘Phase-difference control
of 2-phase inverter-fed induction motor’. IEEE Industrial Applications
Society annual meeting conference records, 1989,pp. 571-578.
[9] JANG, D.-H., and WON, J.-S.:"Voltage,frequency, and phasedifference
angle control of PWM inverters-fed two-phase induction motors’, ZEEE
Trans. Power Electron., 1994, 9, (4), pp. 377-383.
[10] MHANGO, L.M.C., and CREIGHTON, G.K.: ‘Novel two phase
inverter-fed induction-motor drive’, IEE Proc. B, 1984, 131, (31, pp. 99-
104.
[11] HOLMES, D.G., and KOTSOPOULOS, A.: ‘Variable speed control
of single and two phase induction motors using a three phase voltage
source inverter’. IEEE Industrial Applications Society annual meeting
conference records, 1993, pp. 613-620.
[12] Vasil Mihov, Emil Dinkov,” AC-AC Power converter – Overview and
Application”, Electronic’ 2007, 19 – 21 September, Sozopol,
BULGARIA.
[13] D.G.Holmes and A.Kotsopoulos : “Variable Speed control of Single and
Two Phase Induction Motors Using a Three Phase Voltage Source
Inverter” Proc.,IAS93, 1991, pp.613-620.
[14] Sedat Sünter · Ömür Aydo˘gmu¸s," Implementation of a single-phase
matrix converter induction motor drive", Electr Eng (2008) 90:425–433.
[15] VenturiniM, Alesina A (1980) The generalized transformer: a new bi-
directional wave form frequency converter with continuously adjustable
input power factor. IEEE PESC 1980, pp 242–252.
[16] Wheeler PW, Clare JC, Empringham L, Bland M, Kerris KG (2004)
Matrix converters: a vector controlled MCT matrix converter induction
motor drive with minimized commutation times and enhanced waveform
quality. IEEE Indus Appl Mag (Jan-Feb):59–65.
[17] Altun H, Sünter S (2003) Matrix converter induction motor
drive:modelling, simulation and control. Electr Eng 86:25–33
[18] Podlesak TF, Katsis DC, Wheeler PW, Clare JC, Empringham L, Bland
M (2005) A 150-kVA vector controlled matrix converter induction
motor drive. IEEE Trans Indus Appl 41:841–847
[19] L. Huber, D. Borojevic and N. Burany, ‘‘Voltage space vector based
PWM control of forced commutated cycloconverters’’, in Proceedings
of IEEE IECON89, 1989,pp. 106–111.
[20] C. Klumpner, P. Nielsen, I. Boldea and F. Blaabjerg, ‘‘New solutions for
a low-cost power electronic building block for matrix converters’’, IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49, pp. 336–344, 2002.