Group 1
disposal area.
Bisda, Mariel
Magtuto, Andrea B.
Montilla, Alyssa Mae
Oliveria, Rica Leisa M.
Ygar, Don Kiddie
Basic Terms
• Sewage: It is the Liquid Waste or Wastewater
produced as a result of water use.
• Sewer: It is a pipe or conduit for carrying
sewage. It is generally closed and flow takes
place under gravity.
• Sewerage: Sewerage is the system of
collection of wastewaters and conveying it to
the point of disposal with or without treatment.
Waste Water
 Wastewater is the combination of liquid
and water-transported wastes from
homes, commercial buildings, industrial
facilities, and institutions, along with
any groundwater infiltration and
surface water and stormwater inflow
that may enter the sewer system.
Sources of Waste Water
1.Dometic-It is wastewater from houses offices,
other buildings, hotels and institutions
2. Industrial- It is the liquid waste from
industrial process
3.Storm-water: It includes surface run-off
generated by rainfall and the street wash
Waste Water Collection Systems
 The function of the collection system is
to collect the wastewater from
residential, commercial, and industrial
areas within the service area and
transport it to the treatment plant or
 Known as sanitary sewer collection
system
Waste Water Collection
 Wastewater collection normally takes
place by means of gravity from
domestic households and the industry
where the wastewater is led to
pumping stations and pumped into the
wastewater treatment plants.

Types of Collection Systems under:
Principles of transport
1. Gravity
 The primary type of public
sanitary sewer collection
system is a gravity system. A
gravity system is so named
because the wastewater flows
down gradient in the sewer,
driven by forces of gravity.
 Various sizes of sewers are
generally laid at a minimum
slope to ensure open channel
flow through the pipe at a
minimum velocity of 2.0 feet
per second. The minimum
velocity is required to ensure
that solids do not settle out in
the sewer.
 Gravity sewers are a minimum
of 8-inch diameter pipes with
manhole structures located at
changes in horizontal alignment
and vertical slope changes. The
maximum distance between
manholes is 400 feet.
2. Low Pressure
 Low pressure sewer systems
are used in areas where the use
of gravity sewers is impractical
 due to topography or economic
reasons. Low pressure systems
are often found around lakes
and in rolling terrain
3. Vacuum
 Vacuum collection systems are
used for the same reason as low
pressure systems. However, it is
rare to find a vacuum collection
system in use in Pennsylvania as
this is a fairly new collection
alternative in the United States,
and operation and maintenance
is more difficult than a low
pressure system.
Principles of collection:
 Wastewater engineering is that
branch of environmental
engineering in which the basic
principles of science and
engineering are applied to
solving the issues associated
with the treatment and reuse of
wastewater
Components of Waste Water Engineering
1. Collection System →Network of Sewer pipes
2. Disposal →Sewage Pumping Stations and
Outfalls
3. Treatment Works →Wastewater treatment
Plants

1. Separate System
 If storm water is carried
separately from domestic and
industrial wastewater the
system is called as separate
system.
2. Combined System
 It is the system in which the
sewers carry both sanitary and
storm water
3. Partially Combined
 some portion of storm or
surface run-off is allowed to be
carried along with sanitary
sewage

Types of Sewer

1. Sanitary Sewer
2. Storm Sewer
3. Combined Sewer
4. House Sewer
5. Lateral Sewer
6. Sub-Main
7. Main/Trunk Sewer
8. Outfall Sewer

Waste Water Engineering