Model Making of Architecture

The use of an architectural model is the only way o actually see the finished design in all
three dimensions. A model is also the only representation that can be viewed from any
angle.
(a) Function:
Models maybe used in planning cities or parts of city redevelopments. Models are often
used to check the design of large commercial buildings and they may be used to
check the design of a residence. Some models are prepared to check only the
structural qualities of the buildings.
(b) Model Construction:
Since the materials used in full-size buildings are two larges for model construction, they
must be simulated by other materials and other products. The coarse sandpaper may
be used to simulate a built-up gravel roof. Sponges may be used to simulate trees, and
green flocking may be used for grass.
(c) Method of Planning Procedure:
Before any work is done on the drawings, the draftsman first, secures all definite
information pertaining to the proposed building like the location or sits and its size, the
Architectural style to be employed the cost limit the kind of finished and interior
decoration; heating and lighting, and any social or individual requirements.
The second step is a series of sketches indicating the arrangement and approximate
size of rooms with the location of door and window openings. The elevations are also
roughly sketched indication the style of Architecture to be employed. Freehand
perspective of the building or portion of it from various viewpoints, are made when the
client cannot visualize it from the plan and elevations. These sketches are made with
shadows and a background of trees and shrubs to appear very realistic.
The third step consists of preliminary or competitive drawings, which are usually made
by the architect before proceeding with working drawings. Especially in competitions
for large public works, it is necessary to submit, sketch presentation drawings, which
should not be confused with the working drawings.

(d) Complete Floor Plan:

A floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions of a building as you would see
them if the building were cut(sectioned)horizontally about 4 feet above the floor line.
A. Steps in drawing Floor Plans:
For maximum speed, accuracy, and clarity, the following steps should be
observed in laying out and drawing floor plans:
1. Block in the outline and layout partitions than locate doors and windows.
2. Darken the lines of window and door symbols.
3. Draw the outlines of kitchen and bathroom fixtures.
 4. Add symbols for stairwells.
5. Dimension the drawing.

B. Second Floor Plan

Bilevel, two story, one-and-one-half-story, and split-level homes require a
separate floor for the second, third, and all additional levels. Alignment of
features such as stairwell openings, outside walls, plumbing walls, and chimneys is
critical in preparing the second-floor plan.
(e) Floor-Plan Dimensioning:
A floor plan must be completely dimensioned to ensure that the house will be
constructed precisely as designed. These dimensions convey the exact wishes of the
architect and owner to that builder and little tolerance in allowed the contractor in
interpreting the size and position of the various features of this plan- the exact size of
each room, closet, partition, door, or window is given.
If complete dimensions are shown on the plan, a builder cannot deviate greatly from
this original design. If there are only few dimensions shown the builder or contractor
must himself determine many of the sizes of areas, features, and details. When you rely
on the discretion of a builder to provide his own interpretation or formulation of
dimensions, you place the builder in the position of a designer. A good builder is not
expected to be a good designer. Neither is he expected to be a, wide reader,
supplying adequate dimensions will eliminate the need for guesswork.
(f) Landscape Planning:
The primary function of the landscape plan is to show the types and location of
vegetation for the lot. It may also show the contour of the land and the position of
buildings. Such features are often necessary to make the placement of the vegetation
meaningful.
Symbols are used on landscape plans to show the position of trees, shrubbery, flowers,
vegetable gardens, hedgerows, and lawns. A functional landscape planning not only
enhances the appearance of the house but also provides shade from the sun and a
baffle from the wind. Landscaping can provide area privacy and traffic control.
Landscape on the elevation drawings would closely approximate the final appearance
of the house. Drawings of this type are prepared solely to interpret and predict the final
appearance of the house. They are not used for construction purposes.
Sequence of adding landscape features to an elevation:
1. Layout elevation
2. Add material symbols
3. Layout position of trees
4. Draw outline of shrubs
5. Erase lines behind shrubs
6. Detail shrubs and trees
 7. Darken window areas
8. Add shade lines

(g) Perspective or Pictorial Drawing

A perspective drawing, more than any other type of drawing, resembles a photograph
of the exterior of a building.
This is true because the parts of the building that are furthest from your view appear to
recede.
The perspective drawing is the more popular type of architectural pictorial drawing.
Since the subject of most architectural pictorial drawings is must larger than that of most
engineering drawings, perspective techniques are necessary to eliminate distortion of
the object. Perspective drawings do not reveal the true size and shape of the building
but are used for interpretive purposes only. There are three types of perspective
drawing, namely,
 one-point perspective
 two-point perspective
 three-point perspective
(h) Elevation Drawing
Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior of a building. They
prepared to show the design, materials, dimensions, and final appearance of the
exterior of a building.
a. Steps in Projecting Elevations:
The major lines of an elevation are derived by projecting vertical lines from the floor and
measuring the position of horizontal lines from the ground line.
1. Project the floor plan outlines vertically to show the location of doors and
windows.
2. Layout the roof pitch and height of the building and add the overhang.
3. Layout the door and window outlines.
4. Draw the building material divisions.
5. Add siding symbols and details.
6. Show floor levels.

b. Dimensioning Elevation:
Dimensions on elevation drawings show the height above the datum of the ground line
to the floor, ceiling, and ridge and eave lines, and to the tone of chimneys, doors, and
windows. Distances below the ground line are