Multi-conductor Train Simulations

for Electrification System

Design, Implement, Application

Michael Chen, Roger White, Tony Fella

Atkins Rail

Stuart Hillmansen, Paul Weston

University of Birmingham
Contents

● Introduction
– KTP/University of Birmingham/Atkins
– Electrified railways and Issues
– Aims and objectives
● MTS design, implementation and application
– MTS capabilities
– Object oriented system design
– Validation
– Applications of MTS
● Conclusion and Future Development
– Simple Graphic user interface
– Modelling Convertor

2
Background
Original MTS
From 1970’s to 1990’s,
MTS developed and written
in Fortran by University of
Birmingham, used for
research and studies.
DC MTS DC&AC MTSAC
From 2000’s, Atkins got From 2010’s, Atkins further
involved in further developed MTS with
developing MTS with DC detailed AC network
energy consumption modelling capability, and
calculation graphic user interface.
It is funded by Atkins and
Knowledge Transfer
Partnership (KTP).
3
AC ( Classic) & DC Railways

400kV GRID
i re
W
rth
Ea Grid Site Feeder Station Overhead Contact System Train

R
Y Busbar
+ 25kV
25 kV 50 Hz 3kV d.c.
B
2 Track

C
Traction Return

A
System

to
to
NORTH

DC
AC
SGT1 Y-B

66/132kV GRID
i re
W Grid Site Sub Station Overhead Contact System Train
rth
Ea

R 1000V 3 0.75/1.5/3 kV d.c.

phase
Y
C

2 Track
B
D

C
Traction Return

A
to

System

to
AC

NORTH

DC

4
AC Railways: typical feeding

Feeder Station Feeder Station

2x18MVA Intermediate 1x18MVA
Intermediate Mid Point
Track Sectioning Cabin Track Sectioning
Track Sectioning Cabin
Cabin

132/25kV Transformer

Circuit Breaker Normally Open

Circuit Breaker Normally Closed

Neutral Section Copyright Dr R D White 2002

5
AC Railway: Booster Transformer and RCs

Mid Point Connector Return Conductor

Booster Transformer

Grid Site Track Side Overhead line

Sub Station Feeder
Station
400A

Steel Work Railway Fencing

Telecommunications Cables

Earthed Screening Conductor

©
Copyright R.D.White 01/04
Armour of Cables or Metal Pipes
6
AC railways: AT feeding arrangement
Grid Substation
Double Winding Transformer
Secondary 2x25 kV

400 kV 50Hz

Autotransformer Autotransformer
Autotransformer Autotransformer
2x 25kV 2x 25kV 2 x 25kV
300A 100A 10A 2 x 25kV
200A 210A 25kV Catenary and Contact Wire

400A

10A 90A 10A

90A

Return Earthed Bonded

20A 200A 20A Running Rails
200A
Sub Station 90A 10A
10A 90A
Earth mat

200A 10A -25 kV Auxiliary Feeder Wire

190A 100A

7
DC Traction Feeding Arrangement
33/11kV Supply 33/11kV Supply

Power Transformer

Circuit Breaker Normally Closed

Feeder Station Rectifier Unit

Isolator Normally Open

Insulated Overlap or
Sectioning Gap

8
AC Railway - MTS Modelling and Design
Twin track rail return
AC Railway - MTS Modelling and Design
Twin track BT arrangement
AC Railway - MTS Modelling and Design
Twin track AT arrangement
Electrified DC Railway Issues

Protection for Civil Structures from Corrosion

•EN 50122-2 Railway Applications -
Fixed Installations Electrical safety,
earthing, and bonding- part 2
•provisions against the effects of
stray currents caused by d.c.
traction systems;

•EN 50163 Protection against

corrosion by stray current from
direct current systems applications
Electrified AC&DC Railway Issues
Protection for Humans
Rail potentials Touch Accessible Potentials (AC&DC)
•EN 50122-1, IEC 62128-1 Railway applications
— Fixed installations — Part 1: Protective
provisions relating to electrical safety and
earthing;
•EN 61140 Protection against electric shock —
Common aspects for installation and equipment

Induced Voltages (AC)

•ITU-T Directive Vol VI Protection of
telecommunications lines against harmful effects MAGNETIC FIELD 25kV AUTOTRANS 6MW per circuit Roger D White WS Atkins Rail

from electric power and electrified railway lines

Danger, Damage and Disturbance.
•ITU-T Directive Vol II Protection of
telecommunications lines against harmful effects
from electric power and electrified railway lines;
calculating induced voltage and currents in
practical cases. HmagField
Rolling Stock Issues
Operational Requirements
•EN 50388 Railway applications. Power supply and rolling stock. Technical
criteria for the coordination between power supply (substation) and rolling
stock to achieve interoperability
•EN 50163 Railway applications – Supply voltages of traction systems

On Board Train Monitoring

•EN 50463-1 Railway Applications Energy measurement on board trains
Part 1 General (GEL/9/X_11_0023 )
•EN 50463-2 Railway Applications Energy measurement on board trains
Part 2 Energy measuring (GEL/9/X_11_0024 )
•EN 50463-3 Railway Applications Energy measurement on board trains
Part 3 Data Handling (GEL/9/X_11_0025 )
•EN 50463-4 Railway Applications Energy measurement on board trains
Part 4 Communication (GEL/9/X_11_0026 )
•EN 50463-5 Railway Applications Energy measurement on board trains
Part 5 Conformity Assessment (GEL/9/X_11_0027 )
Aim and objectives
To develop Multi Trains Simulation (MTS) for electrification system.

The simulation involves:

● Trains
● Network

– Train movement network

– Signalling network

– Power network

15
Contents

● Introduction
– KTP/University of Birmingham/Atkins
– Electrified railways and Issues
– Aims and objectives
● MTS design, implementation and
application
– MTS capabilities
– Object oriented system design
– Validation
– Applications of MTS
● Conclusion and Future Development
– Simple Graphic user interface
– Modelling Convertor

16
Power network modelling

•Rolling Stock
•Typical and future AC traction
• Regenerative, Braking, Coasting
•Single Train in lumped conductor model
•Multi trains in lumped conductor model
(other simulators)
•Trains in semi-lumped conduct model(MTS)
•Trains in multi-conduct model (MTS)
• Bonding arrangement
• BT arrangement
• AT arrangement

17
MTS Design
● Operational
– Selectable signalling systems and driving controllers;
– Optimisation of energy consumption, carbon reduction, coasting etc;
– Electrification System including regeneration,

● Post processing
– Energy consumption analysis – including optimisation algorithms.
– System losses;
– Carbon Calculation of operating train timetable.
– Human safety;
– Rail and accessible potentials
– Induction and Magnetic Fields;
– Induced voltage calculation
– Stray current and total charge

● Output display
– GUI (graphic user interface)
Object Oriented Modelling Design

Top down

19
Object Oriented Operational Implementation

Bottom Up

20
AC Railway - MTS validation
BT Arrangement

AAAB BT1 BT2 BT3 AC

T2

BABB BT4 BT5 BT6 BC

0 1 1.6km 4.8km 8km 9.6km

Settings: 40
•Rail Return + Booster Return 35

•Booster at 1.6km, 4.8km, 8km 30

•Rail-to-Rail bond spacing: 25

20 Roger RV
320m
15 Michael RV
•Cross bond spacing: 1220m 10
5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
 AC Railway - MTS Application
Modelling traction power system – from Wolverton to Rugby

4 track rail return 2 track double ATs 2 track 2 track rail return
single AT
aNF1 aAT1 aAT2 aAT3 aAF1 aAF2 aAT4
A1 A2 A3 A4 aNF2 A5

B1 bNF1 B2 B3 B4 B5

C1 cNF1 C2 bAF1 bAF2 bNF2

bAT1 bAT2 bAT3 bAT4

D1 dNF1 D2 132.6-133km vs4

vs2 vs3
vs1

82.632km 94.103km101.369km111.578km 118.336km 128.89km 134.85km

Wolverton Patford Bridge Rugby

22
 AC Railway- MTS Application
Train speed / line speed Substation powers [kW]
8000
250 Line speed WLF1
Train speed LBF1
6000 LBF2
200
RGF1

Power [kW]
Speed [kph]

150 4000

100
2000
50

0
0 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Chainage [km]
Chainage [km]
Loss [%]
Loss [kW]
80
1

0.8
60
Loss [%]

0.6
Loss [kW]

40
0.4

20
0.2

0 0
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
23
Chainage [km] Chainage [km]
MTS applications 2012

• Induction Modelling for RR, Classic

and AT arrangements
• Atkins Design House

• Power Efficiency Modelling of RR,

Classic and AT Arrangements
• Atkins Internal design House
• Network Rail

24
Contents

● Introduction
– KTP/University of Birmingham/Atkins
– Electrified railways and Issues
– Aims and objectives
● MTS design, implementation and application
– MTS capabilities
– Object oriented system design
– Validation
– Applications of MTS
● Conclusion and Future Development
– Simple Graphic user interface
– Modelling Convertor

25
Conclusion and Future development

MTS- Multi Train Simulator

• Multi-Conductor modelling
• energy computation analysis, rail potential, induced voltage, EMC issue etc.
• Object oriented design
• modelling update and development
● This work has been graded as an A ‘outstanding’ KTP project by the
Technology Strategy Board (TSB).
Further Software development
• Simple GUI
• for instant 2/4 track electrified railway modelling and research.
• Infrastructure Converters
• Convert existing input files into MTS Format
•Electrification System Design for AC and DC systems

26
Thank You

Michael Chen, Roger White, Tony Fella

Atkins Rail

Stuart Hillmansen, Paul Weston

University of Birmingham