ASEAN 2nd Training DAY1 2 SmartGrids FINAL ET PDF

Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00

Smart Grid Examples from Europe and South East Asia
Day 1 11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
Definition of Smart Grid

Discussion of examples from Europe
and South East Asia
2nd Training on RE Grid Integration, Bangkok, 13th August 2018

Thomas Ackermann, PhD.
Dr.-Ing. Eckehard Tröster
Energynautics GmbH
Eckehard Troester
e.troester@energynautics.com 1
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
OUTLINE
Definition of Smart Grids
Examples of Smart Grids in Europe (1):

• iNES
• grid4EU
• Grid storage implemented in the French Demonstrator
Status and Examples of Smart Grids in ASEAN countries
Examples of Smart Grids in Europe (2):

• Cell Controller Pilot Project
Discussion
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
DEFINITION OF SMART GRIDS
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
DEFINITION OF SMART GRID - IEC
The IEC defines a Smart Grid as

follows:
• A Smart Grid employs innovative

products and services together
with intelligent monitoring,
control, communication, and
self-healing technologies to
accomplish all 5 tasks.
Eckehard Troester
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DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEC, CONT.
• It can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it in order to efficiently deliver
sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.
- Generators
- Consumers
- Those that do both (storage, customers with wind turbines or rooftop PV installations)
Eckehard Troester
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DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – US

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
The U.S Department of Energy

defines a Smart Grid as:
• A grid that uses digital

technology to modernize the
electric system – from large
generation, through delivery
systems to electricity
consumption – and is defined by
seven enabling performance-
based functionalities.
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – WORLD

ECONOMIC FORUM
The World Economic Forum

breaks down the definition of a
Smart Grid into 6 qualifying
characteristics:
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
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DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

TYPES OF SMART GRID PROJECTS AND THEIR FUNCTION
Project type Hardware Systems and Function

software
AMI Smart meter, in-home Meter data Revenue collection,
displays, servers, management system, reduction of electricity
relays, communication communication theft, outage
equipment software, workforce notification, service and
management systems maintenance
(WMS) scheduling
Customerside Smart appliances, Energy dashboards, Broad range, but can
systems routers, in-home energy management include energy use
display, building systems, energy awareness, support for
automation systems, applications for smart demand response
thermal accumulators, phones and tablets, (DR), control of
smart thermostat, energy billing, EV individual appliances,
electric vehicle (EV) billing and charging for provision of smart G2V
charging infrastructure, smart grid-to-vehicle and V2G, management
batteries, inverters (G2V) charging and of heating and cooling
discharging vehicle-to- devices
grid (V2G)
methodologies
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
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TYPES OF SMART GRID PROJECTS AND THEIR FUNCTION, CONT.
Project type Hardware Systems and software Function
Distributed energy Power-conditioning Control, management and

resources (DERs): equipment for bulk power monitoring of variable and
and grid support, dispatchable DG assets,
DG
communication and control system-impacts (e.g. line
hardware for generation voltage) management
and enabling renewable
and nonrenewable
generation technology that
may or may not be
connected to the main grid,
such as CHP, wind, solar
and others
DERs: Demand AMI systems, targeted Energy management Shift the load to decrease
response (DR customer appliance control system (EMS), distribution peak demand, increase
devices or systems management system customer awareness and
(DMS), geographic choices, improve system
information system (GIS) flexibility, counteract
system events, avail
cheaper time-of-use (TOU)
tariff options and take
advance of TOU pricing
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
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Project type Hardware Systems and Function

software
DERs: Storage Power-conditioning Control, management
equipment for bulk and monitoring of
power and grid support, storage assets
communication and
control hardware for
generation and
enabling storage
technology, as well as
conversion into other
energy carriers (e.g.
power to gas)
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Substation Automated re-closers, GIS, DMS, outage Optimize substation

automation switches and management system and support upstream
capacitors, remote- (OMS) and WMS and downstream use of
controlled DG and assets
storage, transformer
sensors, wire and cable
sensors installed within
the substation
Distribution Automated re-closers, GIS, DMS, outage Operation and
automation switches and management system management of the grid
capacitors, remote- (OMS) and WMS during normal, outage
controlled DG and or maintenance
storage, transformer conditions, minimizing
sensors, wire and cable impacts on customer
sensors
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Eckehard Troester
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Control centre Information and GIS, DMS, outage Optimize substation and
systems communication technology management system support upstream and
(ICT) equipment such as (OMS) and WMS downstream use of assets
data storage, monitors,
communications security
and back-up systems and
supporting systems to GIS,
DMS, OMS, WMS
Crosscutting: ICT Communication equipment Enterprise resource Collect, transmit and
integration (power line carrier, planning software, analyse electricity system
worldwide interoperability customer information data for specific purposes
microwave access, long- system
term evolution, radio
frequency mesh network,
cellular), routers, relays,
switches, gateway,
computers (servers)
Asset management Sensor technology on Models and methodologies Manage and optimise asset
some or all assets, to assess healthy and safe utilisation and maintenance
communications loading for devices and
circuits
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Eckehard Troester
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EXAMPLES OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Renewable Non-renewable
Dispatchable • Biomass Fossil fuel generation (e.g. diesel,
• Small hydroelectric dams gas and coal)
(including reservoir hydro)
Variable • Photovoltaic • Industrial process co-

• Run-of-the-river hydro generation (i.e. waste gas or
• Wind mills power generation from waste
heat, but in both cases without
storage)
• Waste gases from refineries
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POSSIBLE STRUCTURE OF A SMART GRID ROADMAP
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DEFINITION OF SMART GRID - IEC STANDARD
The table below shows the IEC standards which apply to Smart Grids. Each of these standards
can be further broken down into many more specific standards. The standards can be seen in
further detail by clicking on the following link: http://www.iec.ch/smartgrid/standards/
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Eckehard Troester
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EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS
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EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS - INES
• The intelligent distribution grid management system (iNES) has been integrated
by more than 8 distribution grid operators in Germany.
• It has been implemented both in problematic, rural grid structures as well as in
highly intermeshed urban grid structures
• iNES is a modular system and can be adjusted and expanded according to
customer requirements offering additional benefits.
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EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – INES, CONT.
Objective #1: Low-voltage substation monitoring
Benefits
Reduction of downtime
Overview of the substation utilisation
Load flow direction detection in the LGS
Logging and archiving of the actual values
Simple display of the substation status with a simple traffic light system
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Eckehard Troester
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Objective #2: Grid Monitoring
Benefits
Identification of critical and/or overloaded power districts (bottleneck
detection)
Improvement of planning criteria via knowledge of grid status history
Overview of substation and grid utilization
Load flow direction detection in the local grid substation and low-voltage gri
Logging and archiving of the actual values
Simple traffic light system for displaying the substation status
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Eckehard Troester
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Objective #3: Grid Automation
Benefits
Secure and autonomous operations at the low-voltage level
Reduction/delay of cost-intensive/conventional investments (e.g.
refurbishment of the grid, replacement of local substation transformers etc.)
Better use of existing grid capacity
Self-regulating local system with optional connection to the control center
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Eckehard Troester
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Objective #4: Medium-Voltage Substation Monitoring
Benefits
Very high measurement accuracy for power and voltage in the medium-
voltage grid
Factory calibrated – no need for later costly and elaborate recalibratio
Quick and easy installation
No external power supply needed
Retro-fitting – no changes required to the substation
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Eckehard Troester
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The previous objectives are

achieved by using a control
box, which communicates
back and forth between the
control room (via UHF),
measuring boxes (mBox, via
PLC) & actuator boxes (aBox,
via PLC)1
1 Ultra-High Frequency (UHF); Power Line Communication (PLC)

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Eckehard Troester
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Overview of BOX types and where they are installed in the network
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EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – GRID4EU
• Designed in response to a call for projects from the European Commission,

GRID4EU is a Large-Scale Demonstration of Advanced Smart Grid Solutions with
wide Replication and Scalability Potential for EUROPE.
• The project was led by six electricity Distribution System Operators (DSOs) from
Germany, Sweden, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic and France, in close partnership
with a set of major electricity retailers, manufacturers and research organizations
• GRID4EU consisted of six Demonstrators, which were tested over a period of 51

months in six different European countries.
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Eckehard Troester
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EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – GRID4EU, CONT.
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Examples of Smart grids – GRID4EU

Grid storage implemented in the French
Demonstrator
• A variety of applications
provided by electricity
storage systems can be
identified along the
electricity value chain,
from generation support
over transmission and
distribution support to
end-consumer uses.
• These uses are

summarized in the figure
to the right.
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Eckehard Troester
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Demonstrator, cont.
• In France, grid storage assets have been involved in three Use Cases:
• “Islanding of a low voltage area”
• “Manage maximized PV production on LV network”
• “Reduce power demand”
• A strength of the French Demonstrator is to have studied, implemented and

operated storage solutions at different levels of the distribution grid
• Primary substation
• Secondary substation
• Low voltage grid
• On premises of residential customers
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Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
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Demonstrator, cont.
• The four grid storage

systems used in the French
Demonstrator are installed
at three levels on the public
distribution grid:
• Primary substation (high
voltage [HV] / medium voltage
[MV])
• Public distribution substation
(MV/LV)
• LV grid
• Power Converter Systems

(PCS) and batteries in black
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Demonstrator, cont.
• Four assets were operational:
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Demonstrator, cont.
• Secondary substation storage

• Supplies 8 commercial customers
• Peak consumption ≈ 250 kW
• Solar PV capacity = 430 kW
• LV grid storage
• Approx. 400 m away from their respective secondary substations
• Connected to dedicated feeders with HMI that allows DSO to manage the following
functions:
 Send load/unload remote orders
 Remote operation of the main circuit breaker
 Get alarms’ data
 Collect information on the battery status
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Demonstrator, cont.
• After the installation and start-up phases, and following training provided by the
manufacturers, the French Demonstrator team was able to take control of the storage tools
through a control interface.
• After a “break-in period”, these systems had an approximate availability of around 90%. The
main failures observed were:
• The failure of an ESSU storage unit, requiring servicing by a technician, though the system
can continue to operate
• Failures related to the innovative communication infrastructure
• Failures or performance setting issues in HVAC systems.
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Eckehard Troester
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Demonstrator, cont.
• The storage systems proved to be very versatile:

• Fast start-up (Although it is possible that the systems can take 2-3 minutes to start, for
example if they have not been used for several days)
• Remote control systems allow the systems to react instantly
• Other findings:
• it is important not to discharge the storage system too much during periods of low
consumption, in order to avoid over-voltages
 Therefore, necessary to have real-time voltage measurements available in a user
interface
 Necessary to size batteries and power converters based on local environment
 Preliminary planning analyses of maximum power and energy orders of magnitude are
necessary for optimal storage usage
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Eckehard Troester
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Demonstrator, cont.
• Storage represents a robust and reactive lever, compared to flexibilities linked

with clients where effectiveness depends on clients’ engagement and
participation.
• Impact is significant, with 43% of the power between 6:00 and 8:00pm in winter
coming from the grid storage during the winter test 2014/2015.
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Eckehard Troester
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EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – GRID4EU
Many more demonstrations were carried out during the GRID4EU project.
To read further, please follow the link provided:
http://grid4eu.blob.core.windows.net/media-prod/29375/grid4eu-final-
report_normal-res.pdf
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Examples of Smart grids – SE Asia

Indonesia
• Indonesia has recently begun to take steps toward a Smart Grid

• They developed a Smart Grid Roadmap for the country with help of the Simens
trademarked method, Smart Grid Compass®.
• This method highlights the four business areas in which come together to form a
Smart Organization
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Eckehard Troester
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Indonesia, cont.
Key Goals for Smart Grid Roadmap
1. Enhancement of grid reliability, e.g. through successful outage management

and efficient planning of grid/generation enhancement projects
2. State-of-the-art management processes
3. Increased electrification in rural areas and islands along with improved

reliability in these regions
4. Integration of renewable energy
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Indonesia, cont.
• Pilot projects are being tracked through the Smart Grid Compass® framework
• Only a few current pilot projects exist and are listed below:
• Nusa Penida, Morotai, Karimun, and Sumba islands – hybrid micro-grids with PV, wind
power, and storage
• AMI project in Jakarta
• Further activities are planned through GIZ to integrate photovoltaic and biogas generation
plants on multiple Indonesian islands
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Malaysia
•“25-Year Electricity Technology Roadmap (TRM)” by

TNB since 2009. Smart meter trials with over 5,000
participating customers in different types of usage
environments
 Bayan Lepas in Penang (industrial customers)
 Bukit Bintang in the capital city Kuala Lumpur (commercial customers)
 Medini in Johor, southern Malaysia (general customers)
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Eckehard Troester
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Malaysia, cont.
3 Phases of Malaysia‘s 25 year Electricity Technology Roadmap

Phase 1 (2010- Improve Reliability
2011)
Phase 2 (2011- Increase customers participation and improve energy
2013) efficiency
Phase 3 (2011- Reducing CO2
2015)
• Malaysia has only carried out a few pilot and micro-grid projects to date, but
have a concrete plan of action
• A couple of completed projects are:
•Installment of 1,000 Smart Meters in Putrajaya and Malacca
•Kema Microgrid
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Eckehard Troester
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Philippines
• In the Philippines, the current step in the overall Smart Grid vision is to integrate
“smart intelligence” into the distribution network to help consumers better
manage their electricity consumption
• A few projects have been completed in the Philippines:
• Advanced SCADA Project
• Overall Command Center Project
• FS for First Smart Substation in Philippines
• Renewable energy integration
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Eckehard Troester
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Singapore
• Intelligent Energy System (IES) pilot project

• $30 million investment funded by Singapore Power and the Energy Market Authority
(EMA)
• Phase 1: Developing the enabling infrastructure (2010-2012)
• Phase 2: Rolling out smart meters to assess applications and consumer response (2012-
2013)
• Advanced Metering and Communication Infrastructure
• Demand response management systems
• Management system for distributed energy source
• Experimental Power Grid Centre
• Pulau Ubin micro-grid
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Thailand
PEA Smart Grid Roadmap:
The combination of smart energy, smart life, and

smart community
Stage 1: Laying the foundations (2012-2016)
Stage 2: Large scale integration (2017-2021)
Stage 3: Optimal stage (2022-2026)
Stage 4: Ultimate stage (2027-2031)
Current projects:
• MEA smart grid roadmap including SAS/DAS, SCADA-DMS, Smart meter, EV related
business development and technical impacts
• Mae hong son smart grid national pilot project
• Renewable energy generation developing project at Kood island and Maki island
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Vietnam
• In November 2012, the Vietnam government has approved the project “Smart Grid
Development Plan – Vision 2022 and Beyond”.
• Phase 1 (2012-2016): Improving the operational efficiency of the power system
• Install SCADA / EMS systems in EVN NLDC territory at three Regional Load Dispatch Centers
and at power plants & substations at 500kV, 220kV, & 110kV levels.
• Enhance reliability, optimize transmission and distribution grids, reduce power loss,
enhance monitoring and fault awareness system of 500kV lines
• Building Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for electricity distribution companies which
will support Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
• Integrate renewable energy sources into the transmission grid
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Vietnam, cont.
• Phase 2 (2017-2022): Improving the Information & Control Technology (ICT)

infrastructure for distribution grid
• Install SCADA / EMS for EVN Transmission and Distribution companies at all distribution
transformers
• Optimize transmission grid operation
• Extend AMI installation for all major customers, implement Demand Response application to
enable the electricity market at the transmission grid level
• Integration of distributed resources in the medium-voltage grid and low-voltage grids.
• Encourage smart home and smart city research programs
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Vietnam, cont.
• Phase 3 (2022 and Beyond): Complete the ICT infrastructure for distribution grid
and provide Smart Grid services.
• Install SCADA / DMS for all provincial electricity companies
• Demand Response application deployment at user level, electricity prices in real time
• AMI system for residential customers, enable the retail electricity market at the distribution
level
• Develop distributed power plants
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Vietnam, cont.
• A few projects were completed in Phase 1:

• AMR project in Ho Chi Minh City by EVN SPC
• MiniSCADA project in Da Nang City by EVN CPC
• Wide-area surveillance system in 500kV transmission networks via Optical Ground Wires
(OPGW)
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Vietnam, cont.
AMR project in Ho Chi

Minh City:
• Meters were installed

between:
• Transmission and distribution
• Gerneration and the trans/dist
grid
• Major customers and the
trans/dist grid
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Vietnam, cont.
AMR project in Ho Chi Minh City:
• A total of 86 meters were deployed and connected to a Data Meter Management

System
• All 110kV, 220kV, and 500kV substations are connected with OPGW, therefore the
meters at these locations communicate over the fiber lines
• Major customers communicate through xDSL/FTTx lines or through a GPRS/3G

wireless network
• Meters connected to on-pole transformers use the wireless solution as well
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Vietnam, cont.
AMR project in Ho Chi Minh City:
• Advantages and disadvantages of communication means:
• Wire solution
• Advantages: no fee for sending data, no additional cost for installation and security due to
using private lines of utility
• Disadvantages: Number of users is currently limited due to high traffic
• Wireless solution
• Advantages: Can send and receive rapidly without needing to set up a private network or
telephone cable to pull the location of the measuring points
• Disadvantages: monthly fees
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Vietnam, cont.
MiniSCADA project in Da Nang City:
• Background prior to project start:
• SCADA system already installed in the 500kV, 220kV, and 110kV substations to monitor and
control the transformers, reclosers, and Load Break Switches (LBS) inside the substation
• On the 22kV grid, communication networks were also already available between the control
center and on-grid reclosers and LBS in some urban cities such as:
 Da Nang city, Hue city, Quy Nhon city and Buon Ma Thuoc city
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Vietnam, cont.
MiniSCADA project in Da Nang City:
• To overcome the drawbacks of the UHF communication method, EVN CPC

upgraded the city to use a hybrid fiber/UHF solution
• Affected by weather, terrain and noise
• Limited number of devices
• By the end of 2013, the miniSCADA system in Da Nang city has covered all
distribution grid in city
• The next step of the project is developing application such as DMS, Wide Area
Control and Protection based on the miniSCADA system.
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SMART METER PENETRATION RATE FORECAST – SE ASIA
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The Cell Controller Pilot Project
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MOTIVATION
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ENERGINET.DK
- PART OF THE EUROPEAN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM -
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... PART OF EUROPEAN SYSTEM
Boundary between the

Nordel and UCTE
synchronous areas
Boundary between the NordPool and

the Continental market systems
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THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE WESTERN

DANISH POWER SYSTEM
600 MW HVDC connection over
Extra 600 MW HVDC connection over Skagerrak
The Great Belt
(pol 4)
DK West is a regular transit
area with large
interconnections to the
neighbouring areas:
Norway (HVDC ”Skagerrak”):
Capacity, import: 1,000 MW
Capacity, export: 950 MW
Sweden (HVDC ”KontiSkan”):
Capacity, import: 460 MW
Capacity, export: 490 MW
Germany (AC):
Capacity, import: 800 MW
Capacity, export: 1,200 MW
Source: Energinet.dk 57
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DEVELOPMENT FROM THE 1980S

TO THE 1990S
Primary generation Local generation
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POWER BALANCE 2006
West:
Load 1.250 – 3.700 MW
Central power plants 3.400 MW
Local CHP units 1.700 MW
4100 MW
Windpower 2.400 MW
East:
Load 880 – 2.600 MW
Central power plants 3.800 MW
Local CHP units 650 MW
1400 MW
Windpower 750 MW
Many annual hours, where RE covers the entire demand
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DISTRIBUTION OF
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Range of central control

Interconnections
400 kV 4 primary units: 1,488 MW
Interconnections 5 primary units: 1,914 MW

150 kV 80 wind power units: 160 MW
Interconnections
60 kV 15 local CHP units: 569 MW
10-20 kV
545 local CHP units: 1,087 MW
4,074 wind power units: 2,214 MW
400 V
Non-dispatchable and beyond central control
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THE WESTERN DANISH ”WIND POWER CARPET”

High concentration
By March 1st, 2004:
4,175 wind turbines: 2,374 MW
Average size of wind turbines:

approx. 570 kW
Average rotor diameter:

approx. 40 meters
Average hub height:

approx. 40,5 meters
75 per cent of the installed Horns Reef

wind capacity in Denmark. off shore
wind farm
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WIND POWER YEAR 2003

(2004 MAX: 120 %)
130% Acc. wind production in % of acc.

consumption
120%
Hourly wind production in % of hourly
110% consumption
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2003-01-01
2003-02-01
2003-03-01
2003-04-01
2003-05-01
2003-06-01
2003-07-01
2003-08-01
2003-09-01
2003-10-01
2003-11-01
2003-12-01
62
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
WIND POWER YEAR 2003
15
12
Wind power production gradient [MW/min.]
9
Increase Decrease
6
-3
-6
-9
-12
-15
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Number of events in % of all year 2003
63
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
AGGREGATED WIND PRODUCTION

CURVE (PC) FOR WESTERN DENMARK
120%
% of installed capacity
Production in % of total installed capacity
100%
80%
60%
A deviation of just +/- 1 m/s can have an impact of

40% +/- 320 MW (With a 2,374 MW installed base).
20%
0%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Wind speed [m/s]
64
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
IDENTIFIED SECURITY PROBLEMS IN

THE WESTERN DANISH POWER SYSTEM
 Local grids cannot maintain normal n-1 security if local

generation exceeds local demand and if separation of
generation and consumption is insufficient
 Security analysis has become less accurate due to
missing information on local generation and
unpredictable wind power
 Protection relays trip local generators after distant
faults on the high-voltage transmission grid
 Traditional under-frequency load shedding schemes
will disconnect both load and generation
 Restoration after fault has become more complicated
and more time consuming
65
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
CONCEPT
66
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
PROPOSED SOLUTION
Cell Controller
for
Decentralized Grid Management
A project of
Energinet.dk, Energynautics and Spirae
67
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
THE CELL CONTROLLER PILOT

PROJECT TIME SCHEDULE
Phase
2004
Information gathering through 3 international workshops.
Identification and selection of 60 kV Pilot Cell Area.
A
Requirements spec and prelim design of Pilot Cell.

2005
Implementation of measurement and monitoring system in Pilot
B1 to B3
Cell. Detailed modeling and simulation of Pilot Cell. Detailed

design and laboratory-scale testing of Cell Controller in Colorado
State University Diesel Engines Lab.
2009
C1 to C3
Pilot implementation and testing of Cell Controller

in test area 1, 2 and 3 of Pilot Cell.
2011
68
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
IDENTIFIED TARGETS OF THE REDESIGN PROCESS
 Increased security of supply

 Sufficient domestic resources must be available to
maintain a balance between demand and generation
 Improved operator knowledge of actual system
conditions both locally and centrally
 Efficient system control particularly during emergencies
 Active usage of distributed passive generators
 Black starting capabilities using distributed generators
 Organising distributed generators into controllable
Virtual Power Plants
69
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
Input Output
150 kV 150 kV
Cell
controller
60 kV
60 kV 60 kV 60 kV
10 kV 10 kV 10 kV

60 kV

60 kV 60 kV 10 kV
10 kV 60 kV

10 kV
70
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
THE CELL CONTROLLER
71
71
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
CELL CONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE
Layered control hierarchy using

Agent Level 4 (Dist. company B) distributed agent technology and high
speed fiber network
Agent Level 5 (Energinet.dk) Each agent consists either of an
industry CPU, a high-end RTU or an
intelligent meter
Agent Level 4 (Dist. company A)
Agent Level 3 (150/60 kV station)
Agent Agent Agent Level 2 (60/10 kV stations)
Agent Agent Agent Agent Level 1 (Assets)
Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Level 0 (Units)
~ ~ ~
72
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
PRIMARY DESIGN CRITERIA CELL

CONTROLLER PILOT PROJECT
High Ambition:
In case of an emergency situation reaching the point of
no return the Cell disconnects itself from the HV grid
and transfer to controlled island operation
Moderate Ambition:
After a total system collapse the Cell black-starts
itself to a state of controlled island operation
High Ambitions to ensure that new features can be

implemented as
pure software development without replacement or
installation of
new hardware
73
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
LOCATION OF DEMONSTRATION AREA

Skjern Syd Hadrup
Skerris Gosmer
Lille Gedved
Tarm Elbæk
Tarm Vest STOUSTRUP THYREGOD Ås
Skodbjerge
Egebjerg
Barslund
HATTING Blirup Lerdrup
Knaplund Honum Lund
Ådum Bygholm Fussingvej
Åboulevarden
Hemmet Kollemorten Drosselbo Horsens Kraftvarmeværk
Give
Sdr Omme Sønderhov Torsvang
Østergårde Hauge Korning Ternevej
Nymindegab Filskov Krollerup

Ølgod Glud
Uhe Farre Lindved Løsning
Lindbjerg Nollund Stilbjerg Årup Bjerge
Nr Nebel Lummerbæk Grindsted Nord
Jelling Grejs
Malle
Grindsted Øst Hedensted
Grindsted
Lysholt
Billund Mørup Ollerup
Henne Nr Marken Bredballe
Barrit
Billund Nord Sandegraven
Horne Skelvangen Ørumgård
Tistrup Juelsminde
Ansager Billund Syd KNABBERUP Vejle Elværk
Outrup
Sydkajen
Vejle Ibæk Strandvej
Krogager Hejnsvig Havn
Ulvehaven
Bindeballe Jerlev
Karlsgårde
Nybro Nordenskov
Sdr Marken
Vinding
Gauerslund
Rugstedlund
Gårslev
Oksbøl Varde
Vorbasse Egtved
Præstemarken
Agerbæk
Varde Øst RYTTERGÅRDEN
Egeskovvej
Alminde Sdr FAF
Lindknud BredstrupvejTreldevej
Årre Vilstrup Stovstrup
Oksby Søbjerg Oldenborggade
Glejbjerg LANDERUPGÅRD Børup
Tobøl
Jegsmark
Vr Nebel
Endrup Bække
Lilballe Taulov
Erritsø
Sandal
BRAMDRUP Snoghøj
Brøndumdam
Edelsborg Gejsing Højrup SVS
Sædding Gjesing Surhave
Vibevej
Nygårdsvej
Hedelund
Tjæreborg
Bramminge Gørding
Holsted Holsted Syd Vejen Vest
Harte Brogård
Svineryggen
ANDST Ålegård
Estrupvej Bramminge Øst
Brørup
Askov Vejen Nagbøl Vonsild
Føvling Sdr Bjert

Rindby
Lykkegård Skodborg Skudstrup
Vamdrup
Åstorp
Kongeå
Gredstedbro
Hjortvad Rødding Nord
Ribe Nord Brøstrup Christiansfeld

Tyrstrup
Syd Energi Net A/S Ribe Centrum
Ribe
Sønder Hygum
Gram
Rødding Syd
Jels Revsø
Sommersted
Thomashus
Fjelstrup
Hviding Nustrup Jegerup

Vojens Øst
Magstrup
Haderslev Vest
Spandet
Vojens Nord Hammelev Åstrupbro Øsby
Haderslev Øst
Vojens Vest
Vandling
Langkær
Hejsager
Brøns Frifelt Tislund Bevtoft Over Jerstal
Åved
Toftlund Hoptrup
Skærbæk Øst Hyrup

Rømø
Skærbæk Syd
Nr Løgum Agerskov
Løjt
Rødekro Brunde
Vest Rise-Hjarup
Hellevad
Ballum
Bredebro Løgumkloster Mårbæk Rødekro Øst
Åbenrå Nord
Vennelyst
Nordborg
Søst Åbenrå Vest
Åbenråværket Havnbjerg
Rejsby Hede Åbenrå Syd
Kassø Hjordkær
Enstedværket Hardeshøj
Mjels
Lunden
Danfoss
Visby Varnæs Blåkrog

Ballebro Stevning
Bolderslev Lundsbjerg
Abild Bredevad Guderup
Lendemark Blans
Felsted
Højer Rosinfelt
Avnbøl Asserballe
Tved Tønder Nord Lund Bro
Tinglev Nord QSØ Augustenborg
Kliplev Kværs
Tønder Vest Jejsing Vester Sottrup
Tønder Øst Tinglev Syd Mjang
Alnor Egernsund Ragebøl
Broager Nord Tandslet
Rens
Bajstrup
Øster Gejl
Gråsten Sønderborg
Rojumvej
Kastanie Allé
Sarup
Broager Syd
Bov
Kruså
Frøslev Padborg
Stadtwerke
Uw-Nord
Kort & matrikelstyrelsen (G. 17-01) Copyright 74
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
PILOT CELL:
HOLSTED 60 KV GRID AREA
Test Area 1
MØR
BID
Installed CHP: 37 MW
8,8 MW G
Installed Wind: 39 MW
Max Load: 61 MW 2 MW HEJ BIO
BIS
G Wind
150/60 kV Trafo: 100 MVA
4 MW
AGB
3,3 MW VOB
Wind
ÅRR Wind LIK
7 MW
Wind
2 MW
2 MW
GLE
HOD Wind
REV
G 3,8 MW
3 MW
GØR G
HOS BRØ VJV
G BMØ
Wind
15,5 MW 2 MW
FØV
Test Area 2
Wind
3,6 MW
75
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
LEVEL OF FUNCTIONALITY
OF THE 150/60 KV CELL CONTROLLER
 Monitoring total load and production within the Cell

 Active power control of synchronous generators
 Active power control of wind farms and large wind turbines
 Reactive power control by utilising capacitor banks of wind turbines and grid
 Voltage control by activating AVRs on synchronous generators
 Frequency control by activating SGSs on synchronous generators
 Capability of operating 60 kV breaker on 150/60 kV transformer
 Capability of operating breakers of wind turbines and load feeders
 Automatic fast islanding of entire 60 kV Cell in case of severe grid fault
 Automatic fast generator- or load shedding in case of power imbalance
 Voltage, frequency and power control of islanded Cell
 Synchronising Cell back to parallel operation with the transmission grid
 Black-starting support to transmission grid in case of black-out
76
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
CELL CONTROLLER CONCEPT EXPECTATIONS
 Each Cell can be regarded as a Virtual Generator with same or better

controllability compared to a traditional power station unit of equal
size
 Local distribution companies attain strongly increased possibilities of
distribution network on-line monitoring and active control
 Automatic Cell transition to controlled island operation in case of
imminent transmission system break-down
 Black-start of transmission system
 Robust Cell Controller Concept designed to encompass all new types
of DG units and controller functionalities
Increase in security of supply

Any new functionality as pure software development
Re-design for the future Danish electric power system
77
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
MODELING AND
SIMULATIONS
78
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SIMULATION SETUP
Cell Controller,
Substation Controllers
OPC Server
grid
Local asset
controllers
Modeled in PowerFactory
79
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
CELL GRID SIMULATION MODEL (1)
Topology: 60 kV lines, 60/10 kV transformers

10 kV feeders: Aggregate model (one load per feeder),
representing available data
Cell monitoring system: extensive data recording in the Cell Area grid
Analysis of hourly, daily and seasonal load variation
constant impedance characteristic for short term dynamic simulations
80
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
DIgSILENT
Shaft_Generic:
pw tw
- tdif
0
1/(2H.. 0
H pt_t pt
Spring RatePt 1
Ktg,Dtg,ombase Ptbase,Pgbase
1
speed_gen
1
Wind turbines: Danish type constant speed turbines with induction

generators and controlled capacitor banks. The simulation model
includes a two-mass drive train model.
Asset Controllers:
Synchronous Condenser, and CHP plants (synchronous generators)

Secondary Load Controller (fast switching load)
81
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
PowerFactory provides built-in OPC interface
OPC interface must be configured by inserting “external

data” interface objects into the model database tree,
and connecting these objects to input and/or output
signals.
User-defined models created to translate the raw input

data into usable signals for control models
Time synchronization between dynamic simulation and

Cell Controller software application
82
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
CELL CONTROLLER TEST PLANNING
Critical tests are islanding tests, because of risk of

consumer black-out
Development of test scenarios
Gradually increasing complexity:
 Start with one generator and one load
 Increase number of involved load feeders
 Add generators
 Add wind turbines
Simulate tests in a real machine test laboratory with
multiple loads and generators
Static calculations and dynamic simulations in the
software environment
83
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SIMULATION TESTING
Simulate aspects of Cell Controller operation in different

scenarios:
 Virtual generator operation
 Islanding under various conditions
Arbitrary load steps of increasing size to investigate

stability margin of islanded system
Validate simulation results against asset protection

limits: over-/undervoltage, over-/underfrequency
(automated result processing)
Visual inspection of simulation results plots to identify

unexpected behavior
84
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SIMULATION:
ISLANDOPERATION WITH WINDTURBINES
Islanding Resynchronisation
DIgSILENT
0.20 1.005
Frequency
0.00 1.002
-0.20 0.999
Active Power
-0.40 0.996
Reactive Power
-0.60 0.993
-0.80 0.990
0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0
Grid Breaker: Active Pow er Import in MW Grid Breaker: Electrical Frequency/Terminal i
Grid Breaker: Reactive Pow er Import in Mvar Grid Breaker: Electrical Frequency/Terminal j
1.08 200.00
Frequency Dip
1.06
100.00
1.04
0.00
1.02 85
-100.00
1.00
Eckehard Troester
0.98 -200.00
e.troester@energynautics.com
0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 85
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SIMULATION: DUMP LOAD (SLC)
DIgSILENT
1.00 1.04
0.75 1.02 Frequency

Active Power 1.00
0.50
0.98
0.25
0.96
Voltage
0.00
0.94
-0.25
0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 0.92
SLC Loadbank: Total Active Pow er in p.u. 0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0
SLC BL Control: Setpoint SLC Loadbank: Electrical Frequency
SLC BL Setpoint Calc: CtlSetpoint SLC Loadbank: V oltage, Magnitude in p.u.
1.2E-5 2.25
1.0E-5 2.00
7.5E-6 1.75
5.0E-6 1.50
86
2.5E-6 1.25
0.0E+0 1.00
Eckehard Troester
-2.5E-6 0.75
e.troester@energynautics.com
0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 86
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SIMULATION: WINDTURBINE
0.80 3.0E-9
0.0E+0
0.60
Active Power -3.0E-9

0.40
-6.0E-9
0.20
-9.0E-9
Reactive Power
0.00
-1.2E-8
-0.20 -1.5E-8
0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 0.000 100.00 200.0 30
Trf 50366: Psum WT1 Trf 50368: Psum WT3
Trf 50366: Qsum WT1 Trf 50368: Qsum WT3
Switching of
0.80 capacitor bank 3.0E-9
0.0E+0 87
0.60
-3.0E-9
Eckehard Troester 0.40
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SIMULATION: SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER
DIgSILENT
0.050 1.0250
0.025 1.0125
Frequency
0.000 1.0000
Active Power
0.9875
-0.025
0.9750
-0.050
-0.075
0.9625 Voltage
0.9500
-0.100 0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0
0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 Synchronous Condenser: Electrical Frequency
Synchronous Condenser: Total Active Pow er in p.u. Synchronous Condenser: V oltage, Magnitude in p.u.
0.250 2.50
2.00
0.125
Reactive Power 1.50

0.000 Switching of
1.00
-0.125 capacitor bank
0.50
-0.250
0.00
-0.375 -0.50
0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0 0.000 100.00 200.0 300.0 400.0 [s] 500.0
Synchronous Condenser: Total Reactive Pow er in p.u. Selector: ic
Qctrl: Ref Synchronous Condenser: Current, Magnitude in p.u.
Cell Controller Pilot Project pSC Date: 11/5/2008

C1 Test Simulations Test Case 8 Annex: run19 /7
88
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SIMULATION RESULTS
Detect invalid operation conditions: Active/reactive

power balance cannot be achieved
Adjust test scenarios
Dynamic stability margins for islanding and operation in

island
General verification of Cell Controller functionality
Improved asset selection for individual scenarios
Tuning of Cell Controller configuration for given scenario to
achieve smoothest possible transition to island
Identify high-risk scenarios
89
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
FIELD TESTS
90
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
CHPS IN TEST AREA 1
Billund: 3x 3.6 MVA
Hejnsvig: 2x 1.3 MVA
91
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
WINDTURBINES IN TEST AREA 1
4x 1000 kW Windturbine
NEG Micon NM60/1000
Monitoring
92
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER AND DUMP LOAD (SLC)
1000 kW dump load for frequency

control
800 kVA synchronous condenser for

voltage control
93
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
MEASUREMENT RESULTS
Cell
Controller
VOB AGB STI BIS
Hejnsvig Billund
BID HEJ
KT21 KT22 KT21
KLN GLB FUG CHP TRØ GRØ KVV MØL CEN SØK
Mini Island
60 kV
HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ BID BID BID 10 kV
GEN1 GEN2 SC SLC WT1 WT2 WT3 WT4 GEN1 GEN2 GEN3 0,4 kV
94
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
MEASUREMENT TEST 1: „MINI ISLAND“

FREQUENCY
10. November 2008, 11:43 – 11:48
95
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
Measurement Test 1: „Mini Island“

Voltage
10. November 2008, 11:43 – 11:48
96
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
MEASUREMENT TEST 2: ISLAND OPERATION
Cell
VOB AGB STI BIS
Controller
Hejnsvig Billund
BID HEJ
KT21 KT22 KT21
60 kV
HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ BID 10 kV
GEN1 SC SLC WT1 WT2 WT3 GEN1 0,4 kV
97
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00

FREQUENCY
At time of
island, cell
generation
(which includes
over 1 MW of
wind power)
exceeds load by
470 kW.
Frequency
increases
immediately, but
SLC and CHP
governors react During island, cell frequency fluctuates as Cell reconnected to
to compensate. wind generation varies from 800 to 1350 grid.
kW. Cell Controller reacts and maintains
cell within all grid code given boundaries.
98
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00

SYNCHRONIZATION
Once a reconnection to the grid is requested,

the Cell Controller brings cell frequency and
voltage phase within range of grid values.
The Master Synchronizer reconnects only
when cell frequency and voltage phase are
99
sufficiently close to the grid values.
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
MEASUREMENT TEST 3: IMPORT/EXPORT CONTROL
Cell
VOB AGB STI BIS
Controller
Hejnsvig Billund
BID HEJ
KT21 KT22 KT21
60 kV
HEJ HEJ HEJ HEJ BID
10 kV
GEN1 WT1 WT2 WT3 GEN1 0,4 kV
100
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
MEASUREMENT TEST 3: IMPORT/EXPORT CONTROL

14. November 2008, 12:15 – 13:16
Billund CHP
Setpoint
Actual value
Hejnsvig CHP
101
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
CELL CONTROLLER FIELD TEST RESULTS
Despite careful testing, a number of black-outs occurred

during the field tests:
 There were unknown details in the grid configuration
(couplings between load feeders) that led to too high load
changes on load shed/restore
 The power supply of one CHP plant was provided via another
load feeder. Shedding this feeder therefore also disconnects
the CHP plant…
 Intentionally risky scenarios with regard to power balance,
involving very high contribution of wind generation.
No black-out due to Cell-Controller problems!
102
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
ACHIEVED TEST RESULTS
 Grid connected import/export control (virtual generator operation)

 Emergency transfer to sustained hybrid island operation
 Islanded wind only operation with SC and SLC
 A utility scale „Micro“grid concept has been successfully

demonstrated.
103
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
LESSONS LEARNT
• By adding ICT to the system a higher security of supply can be

achieved, however it also adds new sources of failure.
• Modelling and simulations are powerful tools to test new control

strategies before going into the field. In case of island operation
dynamic simulations are necessary!
104
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
PUBLICATIONS
The final report can be downloaded here:
 http://energynautics.com/content/uploads/2017/08/energynautics_energinetdk_report_cell_controller_pi
lot.pdf
Papers
• P. Lund, S. Cherian, T. Ackermann, 2005, "A Cell Controller for Autonomous Operation of a 60 kV Distribution Area",
International Journal of Distributed Energy Resources, vol.1, No.1, 83-100.
• P. Lund, 2007, "The Danish Cell Project – Part 1: Background and General Approach", IEEE Power Engineering Society
General Meeting, Tampa, USA.
• S. Cherian, V. Knazkins, 2007, "The Danish Cell Project – Part 2: Verification of Control Approach via Modelling and
Laboratory Tests", IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Tampa, USA.
• H. Kley, N. Martensen, P. Lund, S. Cherian, O. Pacific, 2009, "The Cell Controller Pilot Project: Testing a Smart Distribution
Grid in Denmark", Grid Interop 2009: The Road to an interoperable Grid, Proceedings, Denver, USA.
• N. Martensen, P. Lund, N. Mathew, 2011, "The Cell Controller Pilot Project: From Surviving System Black-Out to Market
Support", CIRED 2011, Proceedings, Frankfurt, Germany.
• N. Martensen, H. Kley, P. Lund, 2011, "Demonstrating DER-based Voltage Control in the Danish Cell Project", CIGRÉ
Symposium 2011, Proceedings, Bologna, Italy.
105
Eckehard Troester
Day 1 August 2018
11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Q&A
106
Eckehard Troester

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Day 1 August 2018

11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00

Day 1 11:00 – 12:30 // Break-Out 15:30 – 17:00

Definition of Smart Grid

2nd Training on RE Grid Integration, Bangkok, 13th August 2018

Definition of Smart Grids

Examples of Smart Grids in Europe (1):

Status and Examples of Smart Grids in ASEAN countries

Examples of Smart Grids in Europe (2):

DEFINITION OF SMART GRIDS

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID - IEC

The IEC defines a Smart Grid as

• A Smart Grid employs innovative

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEC, CONT.

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – US

The U.S Department of Energy

• A grid that uses digital

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – WORLD

The World Economic Forum

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

Project type Hardware Systems and Function

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

Project type Hardware Systems and software Function

Distributed energy Power-conditioning Control, management and

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

Project type Hardware Systems and Function

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

Project type Hardware Systems and software Function

Substation Automated re-closers, GIS, DMS, outage Optimize substation

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

Project type Hardware Systems and software Function

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

Variable • Photovoltaic • Industrial process co-

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID – IEA

DEFINITION OF SMART GRID - IEC STANDARD

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS - INES

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – INES, CONT.

Objective #1: Low-voltage substation monitoring

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – INES, CONT.

Objective #2: Grid Monitoring

Logging and archiving of the actual values

Simple traffic light system for displaying the substation status

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – INES, CONT.

Objective #3: Grid Automation

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – INES, CONT.

Objective #4: Medium-Voltage Substation Monitoring

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – INES, CONT.

The previous objectives are

1 Ultra-High Frequency (UHF); Power Line Communication (PLC)

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – INES, CONT.

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – GRID4EU

• Designed in response to a call for projects from the European Commission,

• GRID4EU consisted of six Demonstrators, which were tested over a period of 51

EXAMPLES OF SMART GRIDS – GRID4EU, CONT.

Examples of Smart grids – GRID4EU

• These uses are

Examples of Smart grids – GRID4EU

• A strength of the French Demonstrator is to have studied, implemented and

Examples of Smart grids – GRID4EU

• The four grid storage

• Power Converter Systems

Examples of Smart grids – GRID4EU