1. What is logic?

Logic is the basis of all mathematical reasoning, and of all automated reasoning.
The rules of logic specify the meaning of mathematical statements. These rules help to
understand and reason with statements.

In Merriam Webster Dictionary, logic is a science that deals with the principles
and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration: the science of the formal
principles of reasoning. Also, it is a certain way of reasoning viewed as valid or faulty.
Similarly, Simpson (1999) stated that Logic is the science of formal principles of reasoning
or correct inference.

Therefore, logic is the science of correct reasoning.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/logic

http://www.personal.psu.edu/t20/papers/philmath/

2. What is proposition?

A proposition is the basic building block of logic. Moreover mathematical proposition

may be called as theorem or the main result. It is defined by math.northwestern.edu, an
educational website, as a statement that is either true or false, but not both. However, not
all declarative sentence may be considered as proposition. Those statements that have
a truth value are the ones which can only be classified as proposition.

http://math.northwestern.edu/~clark/285/handouts/abs-math.pdf

3. Characteristic of proposition

Based on Klement (2002), propositional logic largely involves studying logical

connectives such as the words "and" and "or" and the rules determining the truth-values
of the propositions they are used to join, as well as what these rules mean for the validity
of arguments, and such logical relationships between statements as being consistent or
inconsistent with one another, as well as logical properties of propositions, such as being
tautologically true, being contingent, and being self-contradictory.

https://www.iep.utm.edu/prop-log/
 4. Compound proposition

A compound proposition is a proposition formed from simpler propositions using

logical connectors or some combination of logical connectors. Some
logical connectors involving propositions p and/or q may be expressed as
follows: not p, p and q, p or q, if p then q.

http://proofsfromthebook.com/2016/09/11/compound-propositions/

5. Conditional proposition and Bi-conditional proposition

Conditional proposition

Given propositions p and q, represents the conditional proposition

"If p, then q." or "p implies q." The proposition p is called the antecedent and the
proposition q is called the consequent.

p q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
Bi-conditional proposition

p if and only if q is a biconditional statement and is denoted by

and often written as p iff q. A biconditional is true only when p and q have the same
truth value.

p q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
http://web.mnstate.edu/peil/geometry/Logic/4logic.htm