English 2

Second semester

Idioms

1) Fall around/about one's ears- remain in a state of utter confusion Even though the
management had fixed some advanced targets of production during the year the whole
project fell around its ears owing to the workmen’s strike.
2) Above-board- honest and lawful Even though the officer has been alleged to have
accepted a bribe it was proved in the court that he was above-board
3) Ace in the hole- an advantage the opposition does not know about The defense lawyer
showed a photograph that revealed that his client was overseas when the crime was
committed and this proved to be an ace in the hole
4) Achilles’ heel- weak point He worked as a prosperous businessman but he was soon in
debt because gambling was his Achilles heel
5) across the board- without any exception/ applicable to all The wages of all the employees
were revised by the management across the board this financial year.
6) Act one’s age -to behave of one own age teachers and parents expect youngsters to act
their age during the student days

Education by Russell
Titanic - Prometheus
The biggest mistake that educational institutions make - no critical thinking developed.
Shared lodging in London…
Continued…
Chapter I
As a warning, Stamford told Watson that Mr. Holmes was a man of eccentricities and unique
tastes and preferences. He used to spend most of his time in the hospital lab chasing fanciful
ideas and scientific theories mostly in the domain of medical history. They went straight to the
hospital lab in order to meet Mr. Holmes. Having opened the door at the end of a long staircase
and corridor, they noticed someone bending over a desk, absorbed in some serious experiment.
At the sound of steps, the man was alerted and he sprang to his feet. Shouting that he had made
a discovery, he rushed towards the visitors. He said he had discovered a reagent to detect the
presence of hemoglobin in any liquid medium. It was a sure clue to unravel many gruesome
murders which remained unsolved for want of evidence. He listed many such cases in a breath.
After the first spell of excitement subsided he turned to Dr. Watson. To his surprise, Mr. Holmes
asked Dr. Watson, whether he had returned from the Afghan Border. Stamford, settling down on
a stool nearby, calmly told Mr. Holmes that they had come on business and that Dr. Watson was
possibly the man with whom Mr. Holmes could share his lodging.
Holmes did not mince words. He said he had many idiosyncrasies like long spells of silence,
untimely exultations, odd habits of eating, sleeping and smoking and playing the violin.
Dr.Watson’s curiosity was aroused. He thought he could put up with such a strange person at
any cost because he was temperamentally calm, composed and silent most of the time.
Thus, a momentous friendship was formed, immortalizing 221B Baker Street as the permanent
residence of the most iconic detective of fiction of Sherlock Holmes and his trusted companion,
Dr. Watson.

Chapter II

At 221B Baker Street, Dr. Watson and Sherlock Holmes began to share the same apartment.
They had 2 separate bedrooms but the drawing room was shared by them. Holmes used to wake
up early, finish his breakfast and go out. He used to be early to bed also unlike Dr. Watson who
was late and slow in his routine. Sherlock was 6 feet in height with a square chin and a hawk-like
nose and fingers stained with chemicals. He was totally ignorant of disciplines like literature,
philosophy, and astronomy, but in subjects like anatomy and medical chemistry he had great
knowledge. Neither had he any idea of the Copernican theory of the solar system nor did he
bother whether the sun or the moon was the centre of it. He thought that one should keep off all
unnecessary information from one’s head lest one should possess no brain space to store
valuable information related to one’s favourite disciplines. Holmes thought that the human mind
is a little empty attic where men stored a lot of unnecessary information. His favorite area was
crime investigation and he wanted to be considered a consulting detective.
Once on a March 4th after a late breakfast, Watson was reading a magazine that was lying on a
table.

The author of the article had made many propositions (suggestion) with audacious authenticity.
He claimed that through deducting logic, one could infer the atlantic or the niagara as the source
of a keenly observed drop of water. Unable to accept the unconvincing logic of the write-up,
Watson brought the article to Holmes’ notice. To his surprise he realised that Holmes himself
was the author. Holmes explained to Watson that he had written only about what he had verified
and practiced in his profession as a consulting detective.

Holmes had noticed Watson’s brown face and white fingertips to infer that he was exposed to the
tropical sun. An injured soldier like Watson could not but be in the Afghan front where a war was
going on. This inference made him inquire about Watson’s Afghan Military Service at their first
meeting. Watson was filled with admiration for Holmes. Looking out through the window Watson
noticed a stranger walking, looking anxiously at the door numbers of the apartments. He was
plainly dressed and carried a blue envelope. Casually looking at him through the window,
Holmes commented that he was a retired sergeant of the marines. In a few moments they heard
footsteps at the door and the stranger walked in. Watson asked him whether he was from the
Navy. To his surprise, the stranger said that he was a retired naval commissioner.
Later Holmes explained that the stranger’s gait, dress code anchor- tattooed in his forearm and
cut-away whiskers had made him logically conclude that he was from the Navy.
The man had come with a request from Tobias Gregson, Scotland Yard detective, seeking
Holmes’ help and guidance in the investigation of a murder that had taken place at Lauriston
Gardens, Brixton Road, London. A man named Enoch J Drebber lay murdered on the board
without any wounds, even though the body was lying in the middle of blood-marks around. Even
though Holmes was at first reluctant to visit the site of the crime as requested by Gregson,
Watson coaxed him to do so. Holmes said, Whatever break-through he could make in the
investigation, the credit would ultimately go to the crime investigation skills of the Scotland Yard
Detectives. No one will mention Holmes’ efforts.

As the hansom moved through the cloudy and foggy air, Holmes started talking about the merits
of Cremona Fiddles in making exquisite string melodies but Dr.Watson was moody and silent in
grim anticipation of the crime scene they were going to witness. Holmes, reading Watson’s mind
cautioned him that it was a capital mistake to be judged. The cab brought to an abrupt halt at
Lauriston Gardens, No 3 apartments were 4 in number two occupied and the other two empty.
These had 3 tiers of melancholic windows and carrying the dreary note ‘to-let’. The apartments
were ominous. They had to walk along a narrow pathway covered with clay and yellow gravel, in
order to reach an unkempt garden in front of the apartments. The garden was bounded by
Dr. Watson thought that Holmes would rush to the scene of murder as soon as he got out of the
cab. To his surprise Holmes lingered on the pathway keenly observing the marks on the gravel
sometimes raising his eyes to observe thee sites and the architectural features of the apartments
nearby. He was grim and serious and sometimes would show a passing smile when his scrutiny
hit on some valuable piece of evidence. Dr watson followed him with great admiration for his
inductive skill in crime investigation.

A white face, a flaxen haired man greeted holmes when he walked into the apartment. He was
Tobias Gregson. He said he had come with Lestrade and had left everything untouched until
Holmes arrived .
At the end of a short passage, two doors opened. One led to a closed room on the right. The
door on the left was open and led him to a dining room. It was there that the murder had taken
place. The large square room had a grey tinge with vulgar flaring papers stuck to the walls. There
was the stump of a red wax candle on the window pane.
A middle sized broad shouldered man was lying dead on the boards. He had curly hair and a
stubby beard. A Toy hat was lying on the floor. His hands were clenched and there was an
expression of horror on his face. It was a scary sight that lingered long on Watson’s mind.
Lestrade was standing near the doorway. Holmes approached the body and his nimble fingers
started pressing, feeling and unbuttoning and examining the dead man. He confirmed it with the
detectives that there was no wound on his body though blood had splashed all around. Holmes
sniffed at the dead man’s lips and glanced at his patent leather boots.
At last, Holmes asked Gregson to take the body to the mortuary. When the body was shifted to
the stretcher by the four men who had come with it, a woman’s wedding ring fell down from the
body. Lestrade grabbed it and said that a woman was involved in the murder.

Holmes did not pay much attention to it. He asked Gregson whether they had collected any other
items from the murder scene. Gregson said they had collected a gold watch, a Russian leather
card case, a pocket edition of Boccacio’s ‘Decameron’ and a ticket to Liverpool from Guion
Steam Company. Meanwhile, Lestrade rushed to the place where Holmes and Gregson were
standing to announce that he had made a breakthrough. He had discovered the word ‘Rache’
written on the wall in blood. He was sure that the suspect was a girl named ‘Rachel’. Holmes was
silent. He took a tape and a magnifying glass and began to observe the writing on the wall. He
said that ‘RACHE’ was not a name of the girl, it was a German word that meant revenge . He
added that the murder was committed by a man six feet in height wherein square-toed shoes
smoking Trichinapoli cigarettes. He had long fingernails. He came by a four wheeled cab drawn
by a horse that had three old shoes and a new shoe on one foot. Before he left, Holmes
confirmed the address of the police constable on duty who first saw the scene of the murder and
reported the matter. The constable was Mr. John Rance, House No. 46, Audley Court, London.

At Rance’s Quarters
After Drebber’s body was shifted to the mortuary and Holmes’ attempt at convincing Lestrade
that the German word ‘RACHE meant ‘Revenge’, Dr. Watson and Holmes left Lauriston
Gardens. They boarded a cab on their way to Audley Court, London. Holmes explained to
Watson that his inferences were based on evidence and that the murderer was a tall man with
long fingernails and a brown face. He smoked Trichinapoli cigarettes. Audley Court was a narrow
by-lane in suburban London with small houses. They found Unit No.46, a small, black-brick
house, with the name ‘Rance’ engraved on a brass piece fixed on the front door. Rance was
asleep after being on patrol duty during the night. He was irritated when he was called out of bed.
But Holmes took out a half sovereign from his pocket and began to toss it.The constable was
impressed by the gold coin and started answering Holmes’ questions in a pleasant mood.

The previous night, he was on duty from 10pm to 6am on the Brixton Road. His friend, Harry
Murcher, was the constable on duty in the nearby Holland Grove. Rance knew that two of the
Lauriston apartments were unoccupied and one of the last tenants in the presently vacant
apartment had died of typhoid.

He was embarrassed to find a small candle lit on the window-pane of one of the vacant
apartments. He walked along the footpath to verify, but was scared to go up alone. Holmes
intervened and said that Rance had returned to the gate and on a second thought decided to go
up the stairs and reach the corridor. He also said that Rance had walked around Drebber’s
corpse in embarrassment. Rance became tense and scared. But Holmes showed his card and
convinced him that he was a detective helping the Scotland Yard investigators. Rance told them
that he had reported the matter to the Scotland Yard police. Holmes asked him whether he had
seen anyone else on the premises when he was inside the apartment. Rance said he had called
Murcher for his support and help. When the two constables were about to move out, they saw a
drunkard at the gate he was lean and tall with a brown face and dressed in a brown overcoat.
Rance said the two policemen had helped him to stand when he was about to fall down owing to
his drunkenness.

Holmes said Rance would never go up in his rank as he didn’t use his brain when required. He
gave Rance the half sovereign before they left. Rance was very happy and bid them farewell. On
the way back, Holmes told Watson that the drunkard was the murderer himself. He had come
back to retrieve the wedding ring which he had accidently left at the site of the crime. He knew
that it was incriminating piece of evidence against him. When he saw the two policemen on the
Lauriston premises, he pretended to be drunk to avoid any suspicion by the constables on duty
so that he could make a safe exit from the scene. Bye!

The visit of the old woman

On the way back,after visiting Rance,Holmes excitedly talked about the drunkard at the gate.He
was sure that, either the murderer or his accomplice had come to retrieve the wedding ring which
was an incriminating piece of evidence.He pretended to be drunk lest he should be apprehended
by Rance.
Despite all his excitement with regard to the mystery in the scarlet threat of murder, Holmes went
for Norman Neruda’s Chopin music concert.
Watson could hardly sleep,as the distorted baboon like face of the murdered man loomed large
in his mind.The depravity of the man was writ large on his face ,though someone had murdered
him.Holmes had spoken about music quoting Darwin "as the first form of human communication”
before languages originated.It was then that Holmes had revealed that he had sent an
advertisement to all the local dailies about a wedding ring that was retrieved from the roadway
between White Heart tavern and Hollen Grove. The real owner could contact Dr Watson with
evidence between 8 and 9pm.Holmes said that this was a trap to catch the murderer or his
accomplice.He warned Watson about the possibility of some violence when the criminal arrived
there and found Holmes with him.So he asked watson to get ready with his service revolver and
cartridges.when watson went to the bedroom to get his revolver,Holmes started playing the
violin.The doorbell rang and someone was heard asking about Dr watson in a harsh voice.It was
a crone,very old and wrinkled quite embarrassed when she found the two strangers.Drawing out
the evening newspaper, she read the advertisement aloud.She said that she was Mrs Swayer
staying at 13 Duncan Street.
Her daughter, Sally was married to Tom Dennis, a boat steward. Sally had lost the ring when she
went for circus the previous night. Her husband being short-tempered and habitually drunk while
on land, he was sure to create a scene. Having received the ring, Mrs.Swayer went down the
steps to the street with Holmes following her unnoticed. Dr.Watson had a feeling that Holmes
clearly was absolutely wrong.
When it was around 12 Holmes returned thoroughly exhausted. He said that he was following
her unnoticed when she hired a cab and got into it. She told the cab driver that she wanted to go
to 13 Duncan Street. Holmes stealthily hid himself behind the cab unnoticed by the crone or by
the driver.
 Hardly had the cab reached 13 Duncan Street when the crone vanished quite dramatically.
When the cab-door was opened by the driver, there was no one inside. House number 13,
Duncan Street, as she had given her address was occupied by a gentleman named Mr.Keswick.
Holmes said he was convinced that the crone was a cunning young man in disguise. An
accomplished actor, he would dupe them. Moreover he was surely an accomplice in the crime.
The local newspapers carried detailed accounts of the murder and investigation. The press
was all praise for the investigations conducted by the Scotland Yard detectives, Mr.Lestrade and
Mr.Gregson. When Dr.Watson remarked that the detectives had scored over Mr.Holmes he was
unflustered and took it with a smile.

Reporters had given different interpretations to the circumstances and motives of the murder.
According to ​The Daily Telegraph​, the socialist refugees from German states now settled in
England had committed the crime. ​The Standard​ had commented on the liberal policies of the
government that had resulted in the increased incidents of crime in the UK. ​The Daily News ​on
the other hand had stated that the crime had a political dimension as a reaction against the loose
moral standards prevailing in an otherwise conservative society, administered by a liberal
government. Both Holmes and Watson discussed the media comments at breakfast. Holmes was
amused to hear such strange reports in the media.

At that moment, Watson heard pattering of steps in the hall and the landlady was visibly
disgusted by the strange visitors she had noticed. When the door was opened, nearly half a
dozen ragged street men walked into the drawing room asking for Sherlock Holmes. Holmes met
them but cautioned them that they should not have come in a group. Instead, Mr. Wiggins, their
leader alone should have reported to Holmes. With this word of caution, Holmes distributed their
wages and they left the apartment. Holmes told Watson that he had sought the help of the street
men in connection with the murder, but did not give further details.

When the streetmen had left, Gregson, the Scotland Yard detective walked in. There was a
triumphant look on his face. It was as if he had made a major headway in the investigation. On
the other hand there was a shade of anxiety on Holmes’ face.

Gregson said he deserved congratulations on having apprehended the criminal and arrested
him. According to him the murderer was Arthur Charpentier, a sub-lieutenant in Her Majesty’s
Navy. When Lestrade, his rival in crime investigation, went after Stangerson, Mr. Drebber’s
secretary, Gregson traced the retailer’s address on Drebber’s cap. Holmes interrupted
commenting that Drebber’s cap was bought from John Underwood and Sons, 129 Camberwell
Road, London. Homes’ intervention made him look crestfallen.

On Holmes’ encouragement, Gregson continued his narration. He said he could trace Drebber as
an occupant of Madame Charpentier’s Apartment at Torquay Terrace. Gregson went to meet
Madame Charpentier in order to question her about Drebber’s mysterious death. At Torquay
Terrace, he met the middle aged lady living with her young and cute daughter, Alice. Though
Madame Chartelier admitted that Drebber and his secretary, Stangerson had been boarders of
her apartment for three weeks, she said she had little knowledge of the gruesome murder.
Drebber and Stangerson had left the apartment the day previous to the murder. She said they
went to the station to catch the nine ‘o'clock train.

Her daughter Alice, on the other hand, was in tears when gregson interrogated her. It was from
her that the detective came to now of Arthur Charpentier, a lieutenant in the Royal Navy who was
at home on the day drebber and his secretary left the apartment. Madam was visibly disturbed
when Alice mentioned her brothers name., She had even commented in desperation that her
daughter had murdered her brother. This enhanced Gregson’s suspicions and he plainly asked
the lady to confess the facts . Dismissing her daughter from the room, Madam C , told the
detective that drebber was a drunkard and had made indecent advances towards her beautiful
daughter on several occasions. Heavily drunk, he once tried to embrace her and exhorted her to
elope with him. But charpentier did not give him notice to quit as he and his secretary were
paying two pounds a day as rent which in the depression phase of the family finance was a
substantial support. In the evening, when drebber and his secretary left, Arthur was at home.

She thought that they had gone, but late in the night drebber returned drunk. He asked Alice to
elope with him. At that moment, Arthur intervened holding a cudgel in his hand. He drove the
drunkard out shouting that he should never return. Arthur, According to Charpentier returned late
in the night and the next day she heard that drebber was murdered. She pleaded with the
detective to believe that her son was innocent and could never commit a murder. Taking the cue,
gregson traced arthur and arrested him. Arthur said , he chased Drebber along the Brixton street
but the latter boarded a cab and escaped . He said he had to return because he met an old
ship-mate and spent time with him. As Arthur could not provide him with the address of the
friend, he claimed to have met. He told Holmes that with the arrest of Arthur, hlye had solved the
Lauriston Mystery. He had come to make Holmes convinced that he had the acumen to
investigate the crime on his own.

It was a rude shock for Gregson when Lestrade came abruptly into the apartment to report the
mysterious murder of Strangerson. He was murdered in a hotel room near the railway station.
Lestrade had gone in search of Drebber’s secretary and found him dead in a hotel room near the
railway station. Strangerson had been stabbed to death on bed and blood had streamed out from
under the closed door. The word “rache” had been written in blood on the wall of the hotel room
where Strangerson’s body was found. Lestrade confirmed the presence of a tall man with a
reddish face in the apartment early in the morning. He was seen climbing a ladder in order to
reach the second floor by a milkboy who passed by along the apartment lane. The boy took him
for a carpenter early at work in the upstairs of the apartment.

Whether he had collected any material evidence from Strangerson’s room. Lestrade replied that
he had got a purse, a telegram and a chip ointment box containing a couple of pills. Lestrade
said the murder was not for robbery He had handed over Strangerson’s purse and the telegram
as evidence at the local police station. He had taken the chit box with the pills as he thought that
it was some medicine. Holmes excitedly asked for the chit box. He said it was the evidence he
was searching for. The pills were grey in colour, but were transparent.
He took one of the pills and cut it into two. He requested Watson to bring in a dying terrier that
was lying somewhere on the ground floor. When the terrier was brought in, Holmes dissolved
one of the pieces of the pill in water and milk in a wine glass and poured the liquid into a saucer.
He placed it in front of the dying terrier. The terrier sucked in the liquid, but nothing happened.
Lestrade and Gregson looked on with a derisive smile. They thought that Holmes was egoistic
and oversmart in his investigation. Holmes retained his equanimity and cut the next pill. He
dissolved one of the pieces in water and milk and served it again to the terrier. Hardly had the
animal sucked the liquid for the first time when it began to wriggle in pain and had an
instantaneous death. Holmes said the same pill had been given to Drebber, the murderer, to end
his life. When Lestrade, Gregson and Watson remained stunned, Wiggins, the leader of the
Street Arabs came into the room to tell Holmes that the cab he had wanted to hire was waiting at
the gate. Watson was embarrassed as Holmes had not told him about any trip that he had
planned. Holmes casually pulled up a portmanteau from under the bed and asked the Arab to
bring in the cabman to help him in taking down the luggage to the cab. When Wiggins went down
Holmes took out a pair of handcuffs. The tall cabman with a reddish face walked in to help
Holmes. When he knelt down to pick up the portmanteau, Holmes handcuffed him and
announced that he was Mr. Jefferson, the murderer.

Lestrade, Gregson and Watson were stunned. Jefferson tried to jump out of the window, but was
restrained by Lestrade. The mystery of the scarlet was finally unravelled and that he was ready
to answer any questions from the detectives. Later, custodial information conclusively proved
that Jefferson had murdered Drebber and Strangerson. The mens rea of the murders is revealed
in the remembrances of Watson as given in Part Two of the novel.

Nevada and nebraska in the north American continent during the second half of the 19th century,
When the ipc provisions prevent the abuse of the vulnerability of the pregnant woman, it is
implied that their life
Two young men while searching for water...One of them was young Strangerson. The two young
men took them to their leader, Brother Brigham Young. He said, if F was ready to accept the
mormon faith, his people will protect him and his adopted daughter Lucy.Survival being the
greatest challenge,before him in the unfriendly plains, Ferrier agreed and they became a part of
the migrant Mormon community.
Once they reached the slopes of the Rocky Mountains, they settled down to the Moron
community life, under their devine leader.He allocated land to the farmers and worksites to the
artisans. Ferrier had by now become a part of the community. He also got some farmland where
he built a big log house. Lucy grew into a beautiful young girl in the log house and she became
the ‘Flower of Utah’.
Strangerson’s father, Johnston and Drebber were Elders of the Mormon community of Utah. the
community was known as later day saints. Gold was struck on the california coast and there was
a heavy rush of gold hunters through UTah. Utah was called the ‘City of the Elect’ One day while
on a pleasure ride through the plains, Lucy got trapped in a big drove of cattle. When she tried to
gallop through them, she ot embedded in a stream of long- horned bullocks. It was almost sure
that her horse would be pierced through by the sharp horns. Before she fell down, a heavy hand
held her from behind. It was a tall young man on horseback.He introduced himself as sMr.
Jefferson Hope of St Louis. He also said that his father and Ferrier, Lucy’s stepfather were good
friends. Jefferson hope was a silver hunter on the Nevada Mountains. He used to sell the lodes
in the Salt Lake City, in the valley. Lucy was impressed by the daring and openness of the young
man,he visited Ferrier’s log house the same night. Lucy came to know of his adventures a ranch
man,silver hunter, a scout and a trapper. Love art the first sight developed into an affair. Ferriar
alos liked Jeffersona nd their marriage was fixed. In fact Ferriar was happy because he had no
desire to marry his daughter off to a Mormon as the Mormon faith did not approve of marriage as
a sacrament. They used to keep HArem’s instead.

ASSIGNMENT: THE FORENSIC DIMENSIONS OF CRIME INVESTIGATION IN A STUDY IN

SCARLET : March 5th Submission

https://sherlock-holm.es/stories/pdf/a4/1-sided/stud.pdf

23/01/2019

Abandon- desert, leave, forsake, vacate,

x care, protect, occupy

The unwed mother ​abandoned​ her baby on the steps of a church.

The soldier ​deserted​ his post when he saw the enemy advancing towards him.
They decided to​ vacate​ their house after it was damaged by the earthquake.
The number of ​forsaken​ children is on the increase in the undeveloped rural areas.

Childhood requires a lot of protection and care by the family and society.
We have decided to occupy the new house in the corner of the same street.

Abate- decrease, lessen, shrink, wane x increase, augment, enlarge, swell, grow
In a few hours, the storm ​abated​ and the Pacific was calm.
The ​decrease​ in the number of voters will certainly affect the counting process and the election
results.
The department ​lessens​ the punishment that will affect the general discipline of the institution.
As the moon was on the ​wane​ the robbers could easily hide.

IDIOMS and PHRASES

1) Addle someone’s wits - cause to behave in a strange/ stupid manner: Being alone in the
house for long, ​addled his wits​ and he began to behave in a strange way.
2) After someone’s blood - anxious to punish or quarrel: The management is ​after the new
employee’s blood​ as he failed to meet the project deadline.
3) After one’s own heart - having the same taste: Our new neighbor is a lover of sports and
games and is a man​ after my own hear​t.
4) Against the grain - different from one’s normal behavior. I had to talk ​against the normal
grain​ to my subordinate as he had begun to behave in an irresponsible manner.
5) To race against time - to get something finished within a limited period: The doctors’
panel had to ​race against time​ to say the accident victim’s life.
6) Ahead of the game - make more progress than expected: He worked day in and day out
on the project and is ​ahead of the game​ in meeting the deadline compared to his team
members.
7) Air one’s grievances - complain about something: the new manager called a meeting of
all the employees so that each one could get a chance to ​air his grievance.
8) All agog - excited: when it was announced that the film star was the chief guest of the
annual day function, the staff and students were ​all agog​.
9) All along the line - complete in every respect: The Prime Minister defended his
government’s policies ​all along/down the line​ in his parliamentary address.
10) All ears- listening with great attention : The audience was all ears when the chief guest
delivered his inaugural speech.
11) All found - All inclusive: His army deal was fixed at 50 pounds a month ​all found
12) All hours - Very late : When I was young I used to stay up to ​all hours
13) All in -Thoroughly Exhausted: After a days teaching I went home ​all in ​.
14) All out - With all one’s effort and strength: Our team is going ​all out​ to win the
championship trophy.
15) All ends up - Completely: In the Wimbledon championship the defending player was
beaten all ​ends up​.
16) All of a piece - All of the same kind: The views of all the shareholders were ​all of a piece
with regard to the change in the management of the company.
17) All over the bar - something that is almost finished: When the spectators saw the team’s
excellent batting and bowling, they thought that the one day test was ​all over the bar.
18) Answer back(Brit.) - Answer in an insolent way: When we were young we never dared to
answer back​ to our parents.
19) As the crow flies- Directly: The distance between the two villages ​as the crow flies​, is five
miles, but it will be twice the distance if you drive along the highway.
20) At all costs - Without fail: I have to get my visa stamped within a month ​at all costs​.
21) At cross purposes - Misunderstanding or having different aims from one another: The
defense witness was responding ​at cross purposes​ to the questions of the prosecutor in
the course of the trial in the district court.
22) At daggers drawn - Very unfriendly: After the partition of the family property, the four
brothers have been​ at daggers drawn​.
23) At death’s door - About to die: After the motor accident, my friend has remained ​at
death’s door.
24) At fault - To be blamed: The department is yet to find out who is ​at fault ​in this bribery
case.
25) At one’s feet - At one’s disposal/ready to serve someone: After his successful book, the
whole world was ​at his feet​.
26) At first blush/ at first glance - As per the first impression: ​At first blush​, I thought that the
job offer was very attractive, but a little later I realised that it had many drawbacks.
27) At one’s heels - Being closely followed: He had to leave quickly because the police were
at his heels​.
28) At issue - In dispute: The defence lawyer tried to answer the points ​at issue​ instead of
talking about irrelevant matters in the course of a counter argument.
29) At large - Addressing several topics or many people: Russell wrote about the
humanitarian issues of the day for the world ​at large​ in his mission as a philosopher.
30) At large - Free and not under control - Though the police are on the lookout for the
absconding criminal, he is still ​at large​.
31) At loggerheads - In dispute or quarrelling - The family members are ​at loggerheads​ after
the partition deed was registered.
32) At random - By chance - The management committee was constituted by picking the
names of the shareholders ​at random​.
33) At sea - Utterly confused: After the professor’s lecture on environmental law all the
students were ​at sea​.
34) At short notice - With little warning: The students have to prepare for the examination ​at
short notice.
35) At the drop of a hat - Without preparation: If you ask him to sing he will do it ​at the drop of
a hat.
36) At the eleventh hour - Very late: The condemned prisoner was pardoned ​at the eleventh
hour​ just as he was about to be executed.
37) At the present moment - At this point of time: The division bench pointed out that it was
impossible to allow a revision petition ​at this point of time​.
38) At variance with - Different from: The information that you have given is ​at variance​ with
the report.
39) At will - According to one’s choice: The sergeant gave the command for the soldiers to
open fire ​at will​ in the border.
40) At one’s wit’s end - Unable to decide what to do: Having no resources to pay my rent on
date, I was almost ​at my wit’s end​.
41) Attain one’s majority - Complete 21 years of age: When he ​attains his majority​ he
acquires full citizen rights.
42) Attitude of mind - A special way of thinking or feeling: If he wants to succeed in life he has
to change his ​attitude of mind​ and become more self-motivated.
43) Axe to grind- Some special interest: When you seek advice from others always try to
confirm that they have no ​axe to grind​.
44) Back of beyond- In very remote place: He lived in London city, but now he has shifted to
the countryside in the ​back of beyond​.
 45) Back-seat driver - Anyone who interferes indirectly: Most of the political leaders in power
are controlled by ​back-seat drivers​.
46) Back to square one - Back to the situation at which one started: He made a fortune in
business, but gambled it all away and is ​back to square one​ now.
47) Backhanded compliment - A statement which can be taken as good or bad: The tourist
guide stated that we were going to visit a wonderful city and it proved to be a ​backhanded
compliment​ once the trip was over.
48) Bad blood - Unfriendly feelings: There has been ​bad blood​ among the brothers after the
partition of the family property.
49) In bad faith - Dishonesty: The dealer who sold us the used car was acting in bad faith to
promote the sale
50) Bag and baggage - He did not pay his rent and was thrown out of the apartment ​bag and
baggage​.
51) Ball of fire- A person with great energy: The new manager will soon start the business
again as he is a ​ball of fire.
52) Bark up the wrong tree - To be mistaken or to have the wrong idea: If you think that I am
responsible for this mishap, you are ​barking up the wrong tree.
53) Bear malice(American)/Bear a grudge(British English) - Dislike someone for a past event:
I once defeated him in a Test match and he has ​born a grudge/malice​ against me ever
since.
54) Beat a swift retreat/Make a hasty retreat - Make a quick exit: When he saw his divorced
spouse at the party he ​beat a swift retreat.
55) Bed and board - Comfortable accommodation: The hotel charged only a few pounds a
night for comfortable​ bed and board​.
56) Beg a question - Assume what one is trying to prove: The reply given by the speaker
really ​begged a question​ for the listeners.
57) Beg to differ - Polite disagreement: When political leaders claim that we can create a
corruption-free administration the layman ​begs to differ.
58) Beggar description - Impossible to describe properly: The scene at the reception was so
impressive that it completely beggars description.
59) Behind someone’s back - Without someone knowing, discreetly: He will be very pleasant
to you face - to - face, but will criticise you ​behind your back​.
60) Behind one’s back- He will be very pleasant face- to -face but will criticize you ​behind
your back.
61) Beneath contempt-Very contemptible, disgraceful: Anyone who steals money from a
friend is ​beneath contempt.
62)Bent upon- determined
He is ​bent upon ​getting a good score in the test and he is working very hard
63) Beside oneself-Very much worried: When he discovered that his new car had been
damaged in the crash he was ​beside himself​.
64) Beside the point-Irrelevant: Though he participated in the discussion, most of his
comments were ​beside the point.
65) Better late than never- Better to happen than not to happen.
It is​ better late than neve​r to have started the preparation for the examination as the date has
been announced. If your teeth and gums are not in good condition, it would be better late than
never to have consulted a dentist.
66) Beyond belief - Unbelievable: Corruption in administration has been on the increase​ beyond
belief​ in our times.
69)Beyond the pale - Not acceptable in a polite society: His crude behaviour at dinner last night
was ​beyond the pale​.
70)Bid fair-As if something is going to be done: This year’s shareholders’ meeting ​bids fair​ to be
the largest ever held since the company started five years ago.
71)Big Brother - Someone in authority: You will never get a chance to relax during office hours as
a ​Big Brother​ is always watching you.Our marketing strategies will hit higher targets this year as
a ​Big Brother​ has taken over as a head of the marketing wing.
72)​A large/big fish in a small pond​ - An important person in a small organization: He opted for
being an MLA instead of an MP instead of being an MP as he prefers to be ​a big fish in a small
pond.
73)​Big time​- At the highest or at a successful stage: He started of as a mimicry artist, but has
reached a ​big time​ now as a film actor.
74)​Big head​ - A proud person: I get tired when I listen to that big head talking about the
wonderful things he has done.
75) ​Bird in the hand is worth two in the bush​ - You should take up the job you have been offered
rather than waiting for a better one as ​a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush​.

31/01/2019

Synonyms
1. Abdicate: Deprived of power
Synonyms: Dethrone,Renounce, Abjure, Relinquish, Depose
Antonyms: Seize, Usurp, Retain
Examples:
● The king abdicated the throne when he became old and infirm.
(Dethrone- remove from a seat of authority)
● Aurangzeb dethroned Shah Jahan and became the monarch.
● Siddhartha renounced all worldly possessions to meditate and find out true knowledge.
(Abjure - To renounce)
● The traitor was mainly to abjure all his wealth and was sent into exile.
(Relinquish - Give up)
● Women customarily relinquished their share in the paternal property in favour of their
brothers in In human dia.
(Seize)
 ● After the death of the Chairman, his son seized the total control of the corporate and
became the official head
Usurp- Seize or acquire power?
● Aurangzeb usurped the throne and declared himself king of the Mughals.
(Retain)
● In spite of all political opposition,he retained his public popularity and got elected to the
Parliament

2. Abduct
Synonyms: Carry off, Kidnap, Seize
Antonyms: Deliver, Rescue, Save
Examples:
● He threatened to abduct the girl if he was not allowed to marry her by her parents.
(Kidnap - Carrying off illegally to obtain ransom)
● The enemy’s kidnapped the young prince and demanded an enormous ransom.

(Carry off - Take away by force)

● When the opposite team challenged the victory of our team in the match, the organizers
had to carry off the trophy.
(Rescue - Deliver from attack or danger)
● The police team could rescue the victims from the abductors before nightfall.
(Deliver)
● Emperor Ashoka gave up hunting and delivered the hunted animals to their natural
habitat.

3. Abhor - Dislike
Synonyms: Loathe, Averse, Detest
Antonyms: Love, Relish, Like, Attract
● He abhors staying alone in a big house.
(Loathe)
● Political leaders should loathe the idea of using unfair means to get personal gains.
(Abominate)
● Some religions abominate idol worship.
(Detest)
● He detests his brother to such an extent that he does not even talk to him.
(Love)
● I love big books and I cannot lie!
(Relish)
● I relish hot and spicy food.

4. Abject
Synonyms: Degrading, demeaning, servile
Antonyms: Noble,Dignified, Exalted, Lofty
● Millions of people in India are living in ​abject​ poverty in rural areas.
● He feels very much ​degraded​ after he became bankrupt.
● Despite having lofty ideals, he sometimes stoops to ​servile​ behaviour.
● She behaved in a ​dignified​ manner in spite of the scathing criticism by the
Opposition.
● Noble deeds make a ​noble​ person in the public domain.

5. Abridge
Synonyms: Shorten, Condense
Antonyms: Expand, Elaborate
● In order to encourage reading, ​abridged​ editions of the classics were given to students in
public schools during the 19th century. (Random fact: Public schools began as a result of
the French Revolution. England realized that if teachers could instil fear in children, who
were to be “students”, then a revolution similar to the one in France would never happen
to them. “If a student is found to misbehave, the headmaster gave permission to beat the
student to death”)
● The fly-over between Delhi and Noida has ​shortened​ the distance by 12 kms.
● Most of the classics in English literature are available as ​abridged​ versions for young
students.
● We should be able to ​condense​ questions of law and facts in the proper order.
● The film director has attempted to expand a simple storyline into a spectacular visual
experience.
● You have to ​elaborate​ and explain the key ideas when you answer the questions in the
examination.

6. Absconder
Syn: Fugitive, Decamper
Antym: Surrender
● Absconders​ will be court marshalled according to the Army rule.
● He was a f​ugitive​ for 14 years, when the law finally caught him and put him to trial.
● The servant gagged the lady of the house at night and ​decamped​ with the valuables.
● The thief had to finally surrender to the police.

7. Absolve
Synonym: Excuse, Exempt, Exonerate, Pardon
Antonym: Obliged, Bind,Condemn,Convict
● After the confession the priest ​absolved​ the sinner in the confessionaire.
● All holy books teaches to ​pardon​ all those who offend us.
● As he was not feeling well, the teacher ​excused ​him from attending the lecture session.
● As a tour operator and guide he was ​exempted​ from paying the tourist tax.
● The accused was ​exonerated​ from any connection with the crime for want of evidence.
● He was ​obliged​ to keep his word and complete the task on time.
 ● His loyalty ​binds​ him to his job in spite of all difficulties.
● He was ​condemned​ to rigorous imprisonment for 10 years.

21/02/2019

8. Abstain
Synonym: Refrain, avoid, desist, refuse, withhold
Antonym: addict, indulge,refrain, eschew

9. Abstemious:
Synonyms: temperate, moderate,frugal
Antonyms: greedy,sensual

10. Abstract
Synonyms: essence,summary
Antonyms: concrete, detailed,whole

11. Accede:
Synonyms: agree, accept, acquiesce, comply, concur,yield
Antonyms: withdraw, rebel,secede

12. Accelerate
Synonyms: Quicken, haste
Antonyms: postpone, adjourn, procrastinate

13. Accessory
Synonyms: extra, non-essential,additional
Antonyms: intrinsic, inherent, fundamental

14. Acclaim
Synonyms: applause, cheer, encomium
Antonyms: disapprove, idiom, boycott

15. Accommodate
Synonyms: adjust, adapt, conciliate
Antonyms: disunion, dischord, antagonism

16. Accomplice
Synonyms: partner, helper, colleague, confederate
Antonyms: Opponent, adversary, antagonist, assailant

17. Accomplish
Synonyms: achieve, attain, effectuate
Antonyms: neglect, undo, incomplete

18. Accordance
Synonyms: divergent, disharmony, disagreement
Antonyms: conformity, harmony, agreement

19. Accuracy
Syn: precise, exact, correct
Antonyms: fallacy, aberration, laxity

20. Accustomed
Synonyms: familiarise, used to, habituate
Antonyms: disuse, wear off, abjure

21. Acme
Synonyms: top, summit, apex, zenith, pinnacle
Antonyms: bottom, base, flow, nadir

22. Actuate
Synonyms: drive, imperil, incite, goad, instigate
Antonyms: hinder, deter, restrain

23. Adduce (To cite or to quote an example)

Synonyms: propose, cite, quote, refer
Antonyms: disprove, refute, withdraw

24. Adjourn
Synonyms: postpone, defer, prolong, protract
Antonyms: prompt, expedite, readiness

25. Admonish
Synonyms: reproach, upbraid, chide, scold
Antonyms: approve of, praise, commend

26. Adorn
Synonyms: beautify, decorate, embellish
Antonyms: blemish, disfigure, distort

27. Aesthetic
Synonyms: artistic, pictorial, decorative, tasteful
Antonyms: ugly, blemish, repulsive, distort
28. Affluent
Synonyms: plentiful, bountiful, abundant, luxuriant
Antonyms: deficient, impoverished, inadequate

29. Affront
Synonyms: offend, insult, abuse, provoke
Antonyms: respect, regard, esteem

30. Alacrity
Synonyms: promptitude, liveliness, vivacity
Antonyms: dejection, depression, gloomy

40. Allay
Synonyms: alleviate, mollify, tranquilise
Antonyms: aggravate, ferment, magnify

41. Altruism
Synonyms: benevolence, philanthropy
Antonyms: selfishness, egoism, cynicism

42. Amnesty
Synonyms:pardon, exoneration, absolution, condonation
Antonyms: punishment, imprisonment, indict