Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Knowledge
Occupational Safety
Human
Skill
Performance Health
Environmental
Ethic Workplace Safety
Definitions Source of Accident
• Accident ‐ ‐ An unexpected and undesirable • People
event, especially one resulting in damage or • Equipment & Materials
harm.
• Work flow
• Safety ‐ ‐ The condition of being safe; freedom
from hazards = harmless. • Management
• Hazards ‐ ‐ The potential to cause harm. • Workplace environment
• Occupational health hazard ‐ ‐ A danger or
hazard to workers that is inherent in a
particular occupation.
Cause of Accident Domino Theory
• Unsafe Act ‐‐ 88 %
• Unsafe Condition ‐‐ 10 %
• Fortune ‐‐ 2 %
1 2 3 4 5
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Domino Theory Safety goal is……..????
• NO hazards
1 Social background
2 Personal character
• NOT dangerous or harmful
3 Unsafe acts & conditions
• Least risk
3
4 Accident • ZERO accident
5 Injury
1
2
4 5
Why does it matter ? Goal of Safety in CSSD
• CSSD staff • Patient Safety
• Other health care workers • Occupational or Personal Safety
• Visitor • Environmental Workplace Safety
• Patient ‐ ‐ sterilized material
Occupational Hazards Risk Assessment Processes
• Biological Hazards • Hazards Investigation & Identification
• Activities/practices
• Physical Hazards
• Workplace environment
• Chemical Hazards
• Hazards Evaluation & Assessment
• Ergonomics Hazards
• Hazards Control & Management
• Psycho‐social Hazards • Elimination/Substitution
• Radiation Hazard • Engineering control
• Administrative control
• Personal control/PPE
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Hazards Investigation
• Walk through survey (active)
– Personal risk assessment
Hazards Investigation – Preliminary hazards assessment
– List of hazards
& Identification • Occurrence report (passive)
Flow of activities in CSSD
Hazards Identification Hazards Identification
• Biological Hazards (rinsing, manual cleaning) • Physical Hazards (rinsing, sterilizing)
– Infectious agents ‐ ‐ Blood‐borne diseases – Noise
– Materials contaminated ‐ ‐ sharp – Extremes of heat, temperature 121‐132 C ‐ ‐
Burns
– Pressure steam sterilizer ‐ ‐ Explosion
– Lighting
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Hazards Identification Hazards Identification
• Physical Hazards • Physical Hazards (inspection, assembly)
< 85 dBA – Lighting
– Noise Air dry
> 400 lux
Hazards Identification Fire safety
• Make sure that you know what to do:
• Physical Hazards
– If you have a fire
– Fire safety
– If you hear a fire alarm
– Electrical safety
– Equipment safety
• Fire training annually
– Sharp instrument injury • Fire evacuation plan
House Keeping Electrical Safety
• Power supply
• Unplug electrical equipment after use
• Keep all electrical cords, wires, and appliances
away from water
• Ground
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Electrical Safety Equipment Safety
• Trained & Authorized
Use only three‐prong plug
with earthling • Maintenance schedule
Do not use
• two‐prong plug
• improper adapter
PPE for Autoclave Users Packaging for Autoclaving
• Eye Protection • Be sure the material should be autoclaved
• Lab Coat, Buttoned – No volatile chemicals, sharps, radioactivity
• Heat‐resistant Gloves • Utilize containers and autoclave bags
• Closed‐toed Shoes appropriate for autoclaving
Packaging for Autoclaving Autoclave Verification
• Carefully add water to autoclave bags • A Chemical Integrator Test Pack (CITP) must be
• Check that all containers including bags are vented incorporated in each load
– Loosely close autoclave bags • At least Weekly or Monthly Verification
– Vent lids on bottles containing solutions
• Yearly Verification ‐‐ Checks all conditions of
• Place packaged material in a secondary container autoclave cycle, time, temperature, and
– Stainless steel tray or autoclavable polypropylene bin pressure
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Gas cylinders safety Hazards Identification
• Never use without formal training • Chemical Hazards
– Formaldehyde
• Minimise the number in a laboratory
– Ethylene oxide
• Store externally whenever possible – Latex allergy
– Hydrogen peroxide
– Mercury
Hazards Identification Hazards Identification
• Ergonomics Hazards • Psycho‐social Hazards
– Posture – Workload
– Prolonged standing – Work stress
– Lifting – Income
– Workstation design – Co‐worker
Hazards evaluation
• Personal Evaluation
Hazards Evaluation • Workplace Evaluation
& Assessment
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Industrial Hygiene Equipment
Smoke Tubes Hydrogen peroxide meter
• Temp.
• % RH
• CO
• CO2
• Pressure
Multi‐Gas Monitor Indoor air quality meter
CO, VOCs, H2S, OXY, LEL
Formaldehyde meter
UVC light meter
Lux meter
Sound Level Glutaraldehyde meter
Ethylene oxide meter
• Stem cell
• Transplantation
• BSL‐3
Ventilation monitor • Clean room
Particle counter
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Area Decontamination
• Operating room
• ICU,RCU, CCU, Burn unit
• BSL‐3
• Clean room
OZONE
Hazards Assessment Ventilation Standard
• Occupational exposure standards
– Ethylene oxide
• ACGIH ‐ ‐ TWA 1 ppm
• OSHA ‐ ‐ STEL 5 ppm
• Action level 0.5 ppm
• Odor threshold 700 ppm
• IDLH 800 ppm • Relative humidity ‐ ‐ < 60 %RH
– Formaldehyde • Temperature ‐ ‐ 22‐26 C
• ACGIH ‐ ‐ TWA 0.75 ppm
• OSHA ‐ ‐ STEL 2 ppm
• Action level 0.5 ppm
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
• IDLH 20 ppm 2011 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications (SI)
Hazards Control
& Management
Temp.‐ ‐ 22‐26 C
%RH ‐ ‐ under 60 %
Directional airflow
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Hierarchy of Hazards Control Elimination/substitution
• Ethylene oxide
Effectiveness of controls
• Formaldehyde
• Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma technology
Elimination/
Engineering Administrative Personal
Substitution/
Modification
controls control control • Modification process
Engineering Controls Engineering Controls
• Ventilation • Enclosed processes
– Local exhaust ventilation – Sterilization equipment
– Air exchange rate
– Directional air flow
• Isolation
– Soiled or Dirty area
– Clean workroom
– Sterile storage
Gastroenterology Dept.
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Administrative Control
• Safety policy
• Staff training and education ‐ ‐ practice, WI,
AFTER SOP, equipment
• Safety sign
Engineering control Personal control • Work time
• Number of staff
Elimination/Substitution
Personal control Appropriated PPE
• Recognition and strict implementation of the
standard manual for the prevention
• Personal Hygiene ‐ ‐ Hand wash
• Personal Protective Equipment, PPE
Emergency equipment Hazardous waste
• First aid kit • Infectious waste
• Chemical spill cleanup kit • Contaminated needle/sharp waste
• Communication !!!! & Train…Train…Train • Chemical waste ‐ ‐ Disinfectant
• Incident report
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Health Surveillance
• Pre‐employment health check
• Annual checkup
• Special checkup ‐ ‐ spirometry, audiometry, OC
vision
• Vaccination ‐ ‐ Hep B, tetanus
Safety Attitude
ให้ความร่วมมือ รายงานอุบัติการณ์
เชื่อฟังกฎระเบียบ ไม่ทําสิ่งซึ่งเป็นอันตราย
เกี่ยวกับความปลอดภัย ต่อตนเองและผู้อื่น
CSSD Safety ;
Everyone Is Responsible!
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