Mini Project Report

on

AUTOMATIC WATER DISPENSER

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted By

S.MANASA 16R11A04H4
CH SRUTHI 16R11A04F4
V.SANDHYA RANI 16R11A04J7
Under the Guidance of
Ms.S.JYOTHIRMAYEE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (UGC AUTONOMOUS),
Cheeryal (V), Keesara (M), Medchal District, Hyderabad– 501 301
(Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH, Accredited by NBA, Accredited
by NAAC with “A” Grade and ISO 9000:2015 Certified)
Mobile:9391199932, Landline:040-31001618, Fax:040-24220320
email:info@gcet.edu.in
Web: http://www.geethanjaliinstitutions.com

2016-2020
 (page 1)

GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report titled AUTOMATIC WATER

DISPENSER being submitted by S.MANASA, bearing hall ticket number
16R11A04H4, in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering is a record of bonafide
work carried out under my guidance and supervision. The results embodied in this report
have not been submitted to any other University for the award of any degree.

Internal Guide
S.JYOTHIRMAYEE Prof.B. Hari Kumar
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Professor and HoD

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 (page 2)

<<<Industry/Company Certificate>>>
 (page 3)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the Students of ECE department of Geethanjali College of Engineering and

Technology, would like to convey heartfelt thanks to Dr. S. Udaya Kumar, Principal of
the college for the wonderful guidance and encouragement given to us to move ahead in
the execution of this project.

We are highly grateful to the great personality in the field of Electronics, none
other than Prof.B.Hari Kumar, Professor and Head of the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering of GCET for guiding and taking care of our career in this
field. We are ever thankful to the Professor.

We are very happy for being guided by S.JYOTHIRMAYEE for her able
guidance given to us to complete our technical work successfully.

Lastly, we like to thank our coordinator Dr.S.SURYANARAYANA for giving us

this opportunity to present the technical project work.

Above all, we are very much thankful to the management of Geethanjali

College of Engineering and Technology which was established by the high profile
intellectuals for the cause of Technical Education in modern era. We wish that GCET
sooner should become a deemed university and produce uncountable young engineers
and present them to the modern technical world.

With Regards

S.MANASA 16R11A04H4
 (page 5)

ABSTRACT
 (page 6)

List of Figures/ tables/ screens

 (page 7)

SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION

Water pumps are very useful in the water supply, the first wooden pumps are came into
existence in 1700s the other pumps which came into the existence in mid 1800s and these pumps
are known as metal piston type pumps which are driven by steam. The first submersible pumps
are came into existence in 1920s Automatic Water Dispenser is containing a series of many
functions like controlling the water level, showing the value of TDS, showing the value of
temperature, and automatic ejection of water. In today’s life there must be some elements which
is needed to be controlled, therefore the Automatic water dispenser is providing the good quality
of water for the human beings. In day to day life intelligent systems are used in a wide range and
these are embedded in design. There are some physical elements which are needed to be
controlled in day to day life in order for them to perform their expected task. We are showing our
research as the Automatic water dispenser it is a series of function to maintain each parameter of
water such as water level, showing the value of temperature, showing the value of TDS,
automatic water ejection. A control system therefore can be defined as a device or set of device
that manages, commands directs or regulate the behaviour of other devices. This paper is focused
in presenting the embedded into an Automatic Water Dispenser. The thing by which we get
motivated is the wastage of water and the impurity of water. We also know that it will help the
environment and water cycle by which we can save water for our future.

1.2 RELATED WORKS

Many inventions were made to control the water dispurities in order to make the
whole system automatic. The research result were flexible, proposed a web and cellular
based monitoring service protocol to determine and sense water level globally. At first
there was a need to store the water. Big tanks were made to collect the water when the
pump fetched the water from the ground level to the tank. A water level sensor was used
so that it can automatically cut off the supply from the pump to tank in order to avoid the
wastage of water. A TDS is used which shows the amount of mobile charged ions,
including minerals, salts or metals in a given volume of water. In 2010 Khaled Reza el al.
introduced the notion of water level monitoring. Then in 2013 Gunturi introduced a
controller based automatic plant irrigation system. Then again in 2013 Rojiha analysed
the existing oil pumping system and then he discovered that they have a high power
consuming process and needs more manual power. These all are effective system but
totally dependent upon the working of sensors so modification was necessary and further
a manual cut off switch was also introduced so that these systems can also work
manually.
1.3 WORKING CONCEPT

The Concept behind the Automatic Water Dispenser is very simple. We will use
a HCSR04 Ultrasonic Sensor to check if any object such that the glass is placed before
the dispenser. A solenoid valve will be used to control the flow of water, which is when
energised the water will flow out and when de-energised the water will be stopped. So
we will write an Arduino program which always checks if any object is placed near the
tap, if yes then the solenoid will be turned on and wait till the object is removed, once the
object is removed the solenoid will turn off automatically thus closing the supply of
water.

1.4 COMPONENTS USED

1)Arduino Uno

FIG 1.1

2)Relay Module

FIG 1.2
3) Water Pump

FIG 1.3
4) 9V Battery

FIG 1.4

5) LED’S

6) 220 OHMS Resistors.

 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Introduction

The growth of residential areas in great extent requires the increase in water supply
facility with performance monitoring system .The use of ½ HP to 1 HP pump to extract
water directly by connecting the tap supplied to each house results into the unbalanced
distribution of water. Also the water thefts through any water channel are increased now
days .To supply the water equally to each house and to stop the water theft practice by
people .various technologies have been invented using embedded system.. Here a survey
is presented to focus on an identified ways to increase the performance monitoring for the
water distribution. In second section, what are the needs of automatic water distribution
system and how it can be achieved is discussed. In section third, different methods and its
advantages are discussed to supply water automatically with increased performance. The
conclusion and future scope are discussed in further section.

2.2 Implementation of automatic water distribution with RTC using 89S52

microcontroller

Initial start for automatic water distribution for a city is designed using microcontroller
89S52 [Santosh A. Tamble et al, 2008]. Hence supply of water has done separately to the
different areas. It removes the manual requirement of man power. It is implemented for
three different regions as shown in fig.2 When the system become ON it ask for the time
setting to turn OFF & ON the water supply for particular area. As the same instant the
clock timer will start for the specified time period. When the specified time limit reach
the system will become OFF for particular area. This technique has several disadvantages
like water theft, improper distribution which gets overcome using further technology.

2.3 Automatic Water distribution system using PIC microcontroller

The above proposed system is also implemented using PIC controller [M.V.N.R.
Pavankumar et al, 2014]. Here the level sensor senses the level of water. The speed of the
motor is varied according to this water level. With the use of DTMF the water is supplied
automatically to the targeted areas. The visual display is provided as graphical LCD for
showing the necessary information and details. This system provided the given below
function

 Mobile controlled water distribution

  Control of motor speed according to the tank water

 level Calculation of bill with respect to the water used

 GSM module is used for status updates on mobile

The tank is automatically filled from the water resource with the help of AC pump.
The level sensor present inside the tank senses the level of water and accordingly AC
pump to fill the tank is turned ON or OFF automatically .The DTMF shows the status on
the mobile phone. The respective solenoid valve gets turn ON only if status of DTMF is
1. The status of DTMF reveals the image of the valve on the GLCD and this is used by
GSM for sending SMS .

FIG 2.1

2.4 Water theft and quality monitoring system using PLC and SCADA

Water supply system is the vital part of urban infrastructure.

FIG 2.2

The proposed system has been implemented using PLC/SCADA. The main objective of
the atomization of the water distribution system is to avoid the wastage of water due to
vandalism. To keep an eye on the vandal and the water theft the SCADA unit has initiated
red alarm pop-ups.
The water supply system which consists of PLC, distribution network, SCADA unit,
sensors and actuators.

The storage tank contains field instruments connected to the device being controlled and
monitored. These instruments convert physical parameters electrical signals. These
instruments are connected to electronic devices through the PLC (Programmable logic
Controllers) which transmits the data to the central dispatching station in order to offer
dynamic behavior .The PLC provides data to control room where the SCADA server s
present to store data from PLC and regulate the control system. Connection between the
PLC and SCADA server is established using direct technique.

FIG 2.3

The above system consists of PLC and it carries out all the logic functions. The sensors,
actuators present in the water distribution system are interfaced to PLC. The system is so
flexible that the program logic can be changed or loaded according to the requirement.
SCADA is also interfaced with the PLC . SCADA works to supervise the control system
to automatically control the valve, pipeline pressure and water quality. The stirrer motor
is used for oxidation purpose at filtration tank. These motors are turned ON and OFF
automatically according to purification of water using PLC. Backwash process is
assigned to remove the accumulated dust particles which are also controlled by PLC.
PLC records the water flow using water flow sensors located near distribution area.
Difference in the flow rate records the leakage or water theft. This is passed to GSM
modem through RS485 to RS232 converter. The information about leakage and water
theft is passed to call phone in control room though GSM modem. The dispatching unit
SCADA system elaborates daily, monthly and yearly diagrams, tables and reports related
to operator requested parameters. The system stores the acquired data in database for later
use.
2.5 Water distribution system using ARM 7

The water supply to residence and commercial establishment are provided at a fixed flow
rate. The water Theft is a main problem which is done by the connecting a motor pump
sets to the waterlines by a certain. This is being implemented by ARM controller which
keeps the records of the flow rates calculated by the flow sensor at the customer end.
ARM controller sends the commands to the solenoid valve if the flow exceeds the given
range.

FIG 2.4

The ARM controller enables the transmitter signal for intimate to water supply board. At
the same time they enable the driver unit to close the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve
is ON/OFF by TRAIC .the flow rate condition are displayed by the PC and the GSM
MODEM is used to provide information to the responsible officers to take the action.

2.6 Conclusions

Extensive growth of population development and technology has leads to the need of
proper utilization of the natural resources especially water. Thus our proposed system and
the review of all the possible implementation of technology is the first step toward
prevention and proper utilization of water. To overcome the problem of the water theft
vandalism and mainly the automation in water distribution system is successfully
implemented.

The review of automated water distribution system with the various controllers and
parameters focuses on the entities such as proper supply, red alarm pop-ups, filtration, ,
supervision using various protocols is concluded with the future aspects of real time
implementation in the municipal corporations where scarcity of water is the huge issue.
 CHAPTER 3
DESIGN

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2

The solenoid valve used in this project is a 12V valve with a maximum current rating of
1.2A and a continuous current rating of 700mA. That is when the Valve is turned on it
will consume about 700mA to keep the valve turned on. As we know an Arduino is a
Development board which operates with 5V and hence we need a switching driver circuit
for the Solenoid to turn it on and off.

The switching device used in this project is the IRF540N N-Channel MOSFET. It has the
3 pins Gate, Source and Drain from pin 1 respectively. As shown in the circuit diagram
the positive terminal of the solenoid is powered with the Vin pin of the Arduino. Because
we will use a 12V adapter to power the Arduino and thus the Vin pin will output 12V
which can be used to control the Solenoid. The negative terminal of the solenoid is
connected to the ground through the MOSFET’s Source and Drain pins. So the solenoid
will be powered only if the MOSFET is turned on.

The gate pin of the MOSFET is used to turn it on or off. It will remain off if the gate pin
is grounded and will turn on if a gate voltage is applied. To keep the MOSFET turned off
when no voltage is applied to gate pin, the gate pin is pulled to ground though a 10k
resistor. The Arduino pin 12 is used to turn on or off the MOSFET, so the D12 pin is
connected to the gate pin through a 1K resistor. This 1K resistor is used for current
limiting purpose.
The Ultrasonic Sensor is powered by the +5V and ground pins of the Arduino.
The Echo and Trigger pin is connected to the pin 8 and pin 9 respectively. We can then
program the Arduino to use the Ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance and turn on the
MOSFET when an object is detect. The whole circuit is simple and hence can be easily
build on top of a breadboard. Mine looked something like this below after making the
connections.
 3.4 PROGRAMME CODE

#define trigger 9

#define echo 8

#define LED 13

#define MOSFET 12

float time=0,distance=0;

void setup()

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);

pinMode(echo,INPUT);

pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);

pinMode(MOSFET,OUTPUT);

delay(2000);

void loop()

{
measure_distance();

if(distance<10)

digitalWrite(LED,HIGH);digitalWrite(MOSFET,HIGH);

else

digitalWrite(LED,LOW);digitalWrite(MOSFET,LOW);

delay(500);

void measure_distance()

digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);

distance=time*340/20000;

}
3.5 APPLICATIONS
 3.6 ADVANTAGES

1.In this system mobile application will be developed which is user friendly.

2.Only authorized people can have access to the application.

3.Sensors can be protected by notifying the authorized person in case of damage.

4.The proposed system employs smart water

dispenserswhich use ultrasonic sensors to measure the level of water and Arduino.

5.Arduino on low water level detection sends a notification to an application using

Firebase cloud messaging.

6.A mobile application will receive the message and notify the person in charge to take
the necessary action.

7.Only a single person can manage multiple dispensers.

3.7 DISADVANTAGES

1.The proposed system is expensive and one system is used by one water dispenser.

2.The proposed system currently demonstrates only the admin module that can be logged
in and be used to monitor the water dispenser. The users can also register, login and get
some credentials as implementation of other modules.
 CHAPTER 4
OPERATING PROCEDURE

4.1 WORKING CONCEPT

The Concept behind the Automatic Water Dispenser is very simple. We will use
a HCSR04 Ultrasonic Sensor to check if any object such that the glass is placed before
the dispenser. A solenoid valve will be used to control the flow of water, which is when
energised the water will flow out and when de-energised the water will be stopped. So
we will write an Arduino program which always checks if any object is placed near the
tap, if yes then the solenoid will be turned on and wait till the object is removed, once the
object is removed the solenoid will turn off automatically thus closing the supply of
water.

4.2 COMPONENTS USED

1)Arduino Uno

FIG 4.1

2)Relay Module

FIG 4.2
3) Water Pump (3V – 6V)

FIG 4.3
4) 9V Battery

FIG 4.4

5) LED’S

FIG 4.5

6) 220 OHMS Resistors

FIG 4.6
4.3 WORKING OF AUTOMATIC WATER DISPENSER

FIG 4.7

1) Make the connections as shown in the circuit and upload the below given program
into your Arduino board. Make some simple arrangement to connect the solenoid
valve to the water inlet and power up the circuit using the 12V adapter to the DC
jack of Arduino board. Make sure the on board LED is turned off, this ensures
that the Solenoid is also off.
2) Place all the connections in one place so that it is easy to display .
3) After connecting we have to make a water dispenser using cardboard and water
pipes.