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Form a new set whose elements are those that sets A and B
have in common
A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With
the Wind, Lawrence of Arabia}
B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz,
Citizen Kane, To Kill A Mockingbird}
Find B C
B C = {Casablanca}
Set operations
A different operation: form a new set that contains all the elements of A
along with all the elements of B.
A = {Citizen Kane, Casablanca, The Godfather, Gone With the Wind,
Lawrence of Arabia}
B= {Casablanca, The Godfather Part 2, The Wizard of Oz, Citizen Kane,
To Kill A Mockingbird}
Intersection
S T = {x|x S and x T}
Union
S T = {x|x S or x T}.
Complement
S = {x|x S}.
Venn Diagrams
Find ( V S ) ( W T )
A. { }
B. {4, 10, 11}
C. {1, 4, 10}
D. None of these
Solution #1
Find ( V S ) ( W T )
First, find V and S
V = {1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11} S = {1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10}
So V S = {1, 4, 9, 10}
Next, T = {3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11} and W = {1, 3, 5, 6}
W T = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11}
Find (V T)
Find (V T)
A B
U
Solution
Now, apply the inclusive operation of union to the shaded figures for A and B
The shaded figure for A B will include all the shading from the A figure along
with all the shading from the B figure.
Exercise #3
Find ( T V )
A. {e}
B. {a, c, d, e}
C. {b, f, g}
D. None of these
Solution #5
U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}
T = {c, e}
V = {a, d, e}.
Find ( T V )
( T V ) = T V
Instead of using one of DeMorgan’s Laws to simplify first, we can find the elements
of T, the elements of V, perform the union of those two sets, and then the
complement.
T = {a, b, d, f, g}
V = {b, c, f, g}
So, T V = {a, b, c, d, f, g}
and finally
( T V ) = {e}
Exercise #6
LIKE EXAMPLE 1.2.3 from your text:
On the Venn diagram below, shade the region
corresponding to B (A C)
A B
C
U
Solution #6
To shade the region corresponding to B (A C), we must
find the shaded figure for B, the shaded figure for A C,
and the find the intersection of those shaded figures.
Solution #6, page 2
The shaded figure for A C requires that we draw the shaded figure for A,
and shaded figure for C, and apply union to those two figures.
Solution #6, page 3
Now that we have produced the shaded figure for B and the shaded figure for A C,
we intersect those figures to get the shading for B (A C).
Exercise #7
Select the shaded figure for ( C B ) A