9th International Radar Symposium India - 2013 (IRSI - 13)

DESIGN OF PLANAR MAGIC-TEE FOR

Ku-BAND APPLICATIONS
Amlesh kumar Singh, Manjushree Tamang, R.K. Samminga & Dr.Anil Kumar Singh.

Electronics and Radar Development Establishment

Defence Research and Development Organisation
Bangalore-560093, India.
Ph: 080-25025 487/486; Fax: 080-25245234.

email: amlesh_minu@rediffmail.com

Abstract: This paper describes the design of a Hence a Riblet short-slot coupler is chosen
waveguide planar Magic-Tee for Ku-Band which has advantages like low VSWR and
applications using Riblet short-slot coupler and a accurate 900 phase shift over a minimum of 15
delay line waveguide phase shifter which % bandwidth. Further 900 phase shift is
introduces 90 0 phase shift by varying its
achieved by using a waveguide phase shifter
dispersion characteristics. Planar waveguide
which fulfills the monopulse requirement of
magic tee acts as a two way in- phase power
divider in a transmitting mode and as mono-pulse 1800 phase difference to produce sum and
sum and difference in the receiving mode. Sum difference beams.
and difference pattern are often used in
monopulse radars for angle tracking. Simulated The design of magic-tee involves
results with A nsoft HF SS are presented, which three stages, first Riblet short-slot coupler
show good performance. followed by phase shifter and then integration
of coupler and phase shifter.
Introduction
I Theory and Design of Directional
A monopulse comparator is used in a Coupler
radar system for determining the azimuth and
elevation of a target. Waveguide monopulse The advantages of Riblet short-slot directional
comparators are also called Magic-Tees, coupler include equal power splitting, high
hybrid rings. A directional coupler can be
isolation, low VSWR and accurate phase shift
designed for arbitrary power divisions, while
hybrid rings usually have equal power over desired bandwidth and also its
divisions. The design of a monopulse compactness compared to other waveguide
comparator can be carried out using printed couplers1 .
hybrid rings, air-line hybrid rings or by using
waveguide hybrid rings. If there is a necessity
of low loss and better power handling a
waveguide power divider is best suited. As our
requirement is similar to the above mentioned
we have chosen a planar waveguide
monopulse comparator to fit our design needs.
The selected structure however should
cater to the critical system requirements ,like
achieving a good monopulse slope which
determines the tracing accuracy.
Fig 1: A Riblet short-slot coupler

As can been seen from Fig.1 a Riblet coupler

is made of two parallel waveguides with

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 9th International Radar Symposium India - 2013 (IRSI - 13)

common center wall. The slot cut in the central requirements.

region acts a coupling region by introducing
900 phase shift to the coupled port. Coupling
and isolation are achieved by proper choosing
of slot region dimensions such that excited
TE10 (even) & TE20 (odd) modes are added at
the coupled port and cancelled at the isolated
port.

As our operational frequency is

16.5GHz (λ =18.18mm ) with a bandwidth
requirement of around 12.12 %, we have
chosen standard waveguide (WR51) and hence
our dimensions are a=12.95 mm and b=
6.48 mm ( Full height).In the coupling region,
λc =4a for TE10 (even) mode and λc =2a for
TE20 (odd) mode. The guide wavelength of a
waveguide is given by
RETURN LOSS Riblet Short Slot ANSOFT


0.00

g  -5.00
Curve Info

Setup1 : Sw eep

Setup1 : Sw eep

-10.00 Setup1 : Sw eep

2
  
Setup1 : Sw eep

Setup1 : Sw eep

1  
-15.00 Setup1 : Sw eep

 
 c 
Y1

-20.00

-25.00

-30.00

Subsequently even and odd mode guide

-35.00

wavelengths are calculated as per below given

-40.00

equations. 15.50 15.75 16.00 16.25 16.50

Freq [GHz]
16.75 17.00 17.25 17.50

Fig 3: S - parameters of coupler

= 19.4 mm
II Design of delay line waveguide Phase
shifter

As Riblet coupler gives one 90˚ phase shift,

= 25.5 mm
For phase shift of 900 , L = 10.4mm is
obtained as per below equation.
the other 90˚ phase shift is achieved using a
delay line wave-guide phase shifter. The
propagation constant βi of a waveguide is a
function of waveguide cross section a, and is
given by

The design is carried out using Ansoft HFSS

3D EM software and optimized for the

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 9th International Radar Symposium India - 2013 (IRSI - 13)

Hence by changing a , the dispersion A and B are the inputs, A+B and A-B are
characteristics of the waveguide will change. obtained at the other two-ports . Power
The length and width of phase delay line is division and phase shifts obtained are within
calculated as per equations given in [2]. requirements. Isolation is also better than -
17dB. As Riblet coupler can give better phase
matching over a good bandwidth, the achieved
phase error is less than 80 . Table.1 shows the
data achieved though simulation.
A

S=A+B

Fig 4: 90° phase shifter

XY Plot 2 PHASE SHIFTER ANSOFT

150.00 m7

Curve Info
ang_deg(S(1,2))
Setup1 : Sw eep m10
100.00
ang_deg(S(3,4))
Setup1 : Sw eep

Name X Y
m1 15.5000 15.4869
m2 15.5000 -75.9380
50.00 m3 16.0000 -34.8417
m4 16.0000 -123.8747
m5 16.5000 -171.0650
m6 16.5000 -83.4423
m1
m7 17.0000 141.9588
Name Delta(X) Delta(Y) Slope(Y) InvSlope(Y)
m8 17.0000 -130.6082
d( m1,m2) 0.0000 -91.4250 N/A -0.0000
0.00 m9 17.5000 -176.5618
d( m3,m4) 0.0000 -89.0330 N/A -0.0000
m10 17.5000 94.0171
d( m5,m6) 0.0000 87.6227 N/A 0.0000
Y1 [deg]

d( m7,m8) 0.0000 -272.5670 N/A -0.0000

m3 d( m9,m10) 0.0000 270.5788 N/A 0.0000

-50.00

m2
m6
D=A-B
-100.00

m4
m8

B
-150.00

m5
m9

-200.00
15.50 15.75 16.00 16.25 16.50
Freq [GHz]
16.75 17.00 17.25 17.50 Fig 6: HFSS model of Planar Magic Tee
Fig 5: Phase diff between Two W/G lines .

Freq S-D (deg) S-A(d B) S-B(d B)

-178.99
15.5GHz -3.10 -3.28
-180.79
16.0GHz -3.03 -3.12 Fig 7: S - parameters of monopulse comparator
-180.88
16.5GHz -2.98 -3.22 2 00 .00
Phase D ifference SUITABL E_ PD
ANSOFT

-178.41
17.0GHz -2.96 -3.12 1 50 .00

187.21
17.5GHz -2.95 -3.29 1 00 .00

Fig.5 above shows phase difference between 5 0 .0 0

left arm ( without phase delay line) and right PHDIFF [de g]

0 .0 0

arm ( with phase delay ) over full bandwidth -5 0 .0 0

is within 900 ± 40 -1 00 .00

IV Conclusion
-1 50 .00

III Design of Monopulse Comparator -2 00 .00

1 5 .5 0 1 5 .7 5 1 6 .0 0 1 6 .2 5 1 6 .5 0 1 6 .7 5 1 7 .0 0 1 7 .2 5 1 7 .5 0
Freq

A monopulse comparator is obtained Fi g 8 : Phase difference between Sum and difference

by combining the Riblet coupler and delay line ports
phase shifter, which will give sum and
difference outputs of two inputs. That means if

NIMHANS Convention Centre, Bangalore INDIA 3 10-14 December 2013

 9th International Radar Symposium India - 2013 (IRSI - 13)
A Ku-Band monopulse comparator is
designed by using Riblet short slot coupler and
delay line phase shifter which is planar, can
handle more power ,good isolation , less lossy
and compact in the class of waveguide
comparators.
References :
1) " Microwave Engineering" , David
M.Pozar.
2) "A Bradband waveguide monopulse
comparator with phase compensation circuit
M.Saitoh,H.Uchida", Information
Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric
Corporation, PROCEEDINGS OF ISAP2005,
SEOUL, KOREA.
3)" Planar eight port wave-guide monopulse
comparator ", M. Mohammadi and F. H.
Kashani, Progress In Electromagnetics
Research C, Vol. 6, 103-113, 2009.
4) '' Design of Planar Magic Tee for L-Band
Application" , Alpana Srivastava, Amlesh
kumar Singh, R.K. Samminga & Dr.Anil
Kumar Singh, Antenna Test and Measurement
Society(ATMS)-2013
Bio Data of Authors
Amlesh Kumar S ingh, born in
Samastipur,Bihar, India received his B. Sc.
Engg. degree in Electronics and
Communication from B.I.T. Sindri, Dhanbad,
(Bihar) Jharkhand. He joined Defence
Research Development Organization (DRDO)
as Scientist ’B’ in M ay 2008. He is working in
Electronics and Radar Development
Organization, since Oct. 2008. His field of
interest includes Antenna design and
M icrowave devices.
Manjushree Tamang was born in 1980. She
received her BE degree in Electronics and
communication from R.E.C. Silchar and M .Tech
from IIT Delhi in Radio Frequency Design and
Technology in 2008. She joined Defense
Research Development Organization (DRDO) as
Scientist ’B’ in Aug 2002. She is working in
LRDE since Jan 2003. Her field of interest
includes Antenna measurements,
Electromagnetic Field Theory, Antenna design
and microwave CAD.
NIMHANS Convention Centre, Bangalore INDIA 4 10-14 December 2013
Ravi Kumar S amminga was born in
1981, received B.E in Electronics & Tele
Communications Engineering from
Andhra University college of Engg.
Vishakhapatnam. In 2004 joined DRDO
and started career in design, development
and evaluation of antennas and antenna
systems. M ember of IETE and authored
around 17 papers in national and
international symposiums . Presently
working in the field of design and
evaluation of phased array antennas.
email: sreejn_rk07@rediffmail.com
Dr. A K Singh obtained his Ph.D. in
1991 in electronics engineering from
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
(INDIA). He joined Electronics & Radar
Development Establishment (LRDE),
Bangalore in November 1991 and
presently heading the R&D group
involved in the design & development of
3D Low Level Active Aperture Radar and
Antenna / Array Antenna systems. He has
served as a chairman of technical
program committee of International
Radar Symposium (India) (IRSI-2007),
Co-chairman, technical program
committee of IEEE International
Symposium on M icrowaves in 2008,
International correspondent & member of
IEEE Radar conference (France) in 2009
and member of various other international
& National conferences. He has authored
more than 90 research papers in different
international / national journals and
symposiums. He has 3 copyrights and 3
patents to his credit.