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INTRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WORKING
HEADS LOSSES & EFFICIENCIES
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
APPLICATION
A fluid machine is a device which converts
the energy stored by a fluid into mechanical
energy or vice versa . The energy stored by a
fluid mass appears in the form of potential,
kinetic and intermolecular energy. The
mechanical energy, on the other hand, is
usually transmitted by a rotating shaft.
Machines using liquid (mainly water, for
almost all practical purposes) are termed as
hydraulic machines.
The device in which the kinetic, potential or
intermolecular energy held by the fluid is
converted in the form of mechanical energy
of a rotating member is known as
a turbine .
➢ Used to pump a liquid from lower pressure area to a High pressure area.
Dynamic Displacement
Pump Pumps
Vertical Horizontal
Displacement Vs Centrifugal
Centrifugal pumps are suitable for low head and high flow rate.
Losses
Energy losses in centrifugal pumps may be classified as
follows:
a. Hydraulic Losses
b. Mechanical losses
c. Leakage Losses`
Hydraulic Losses: There are two types of hydraulic
losses which may occur in a pump.
a. Pipeline Losses: Major (due to friction) and minor (due
to pipe bend) losses in pipes.
b. Pump Losses: Eddy or shock losses, frictional losses in
impeller, guide vane/diffuser, casing.
Mechanical Losses: Losses due to friction of main
bearings and glands.
Leakage Losses: slipping back of part of liquid through
the clearance between the impeller and casing due to
pressure difference b/w inlet and outlet. Energy carried
by these liquid is ultimately wasted and this loss of
energy of liquid is known as leakage losses.
Efficiencies
Mechanical Efficiency (ȠM):
Application
• Agriculture and irrigation purpose.
• Pumping of water in buildings.
• Transfer raw material.
CAVITATION
Mechanism of Cavitation
•The phenomenon of cavitation is
summarized as follows:
•1- Formation of bubbles inside the liquid
being pumped.
•2-Growth of bubbles
•3- Collapse of bubbles
Cavitation