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Holt Physics
Problem 3E
PROJECTILES LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
PROBLEM
The narrowest strait on earth is Seil Sound in Scotland, which lies be-
tween the mainland and the island of Seil. The strait is only about 6.0 m
wide. Suppose an athlete wanting to jump “over the sea” leaps at an angle
of 35° with respect to the horizontal. What is the minimum initial speed
that would allow the athlete to clear the gap? Neglect air resistance.
SOLUTION
1. DEFINE Given: ∆x = 6.0 m
q = 35°
g = 9.81 m/s
Unknown: vi = ?
2. PLAN Diagram: v
θ = 35°
∆x
= 6.00 m
Choose the equation(s) or situation: The horizontal component of the athlete’s
velocity, vx , is equal to the initial speed multiplied by the cosine of the angle, q,
which is equal to the magnitude of the horizontal displacement, ∆x, divided by the
time interval required for the complete jump.
∆x
∆t
vy = vi sin q − g = 0
2
g ∆t
vi sin q =
2
Rearrange the equation(s) to isolate the unknown(s): Express ∆t in the second
equation in terms of the displacement and velocity component in the first equation.
g ∆x
vi sin q =
2 vi cos q
g ∆x
vi 2 =
2 sin q cos q
g ∆x
vi =
2 sinq
cos q
3. CALCULATE Substitute the values into the equation(s) and solve: Select the positive root for vi .
v =
s
m
9.81 (6.0 m) 2
m
= 7.9
i
(2)(sin 35°)(cos 35°) s
4. EVALUATE By substituting the value for vi into the original equations, you can determine the
time for the jump to be completed, which is 0.92 s. From this, the height of the
jump is found to equal 1.0 m.
ADDITIONAL PRACTICE
the brick left Capes’ hand at an angle of 45.0° with respect to the
horizontal.
a. What was the initial speed of the brick?
b. What was the maximum height reached by the brick?
c. If Capes threw the brick straight up with the speed found in (a),
what would be the maximum height the brick could achieve?
5. In 1991, Doug Danger rode a motorcycle to jump a horizontal distance
of 76.5 m. Find the maximum height of the jump if his angle with re-
spect to the ground at the beginning of the jump was 12.0°.
6. Michael Hout of Ohio can run 110.0 meter hurdles in 18.9 s at an aver-
age speed of 5.82 m/s. What makes this interesting is that he juggles three
balls as he runs the distance. Suppose Hout throws a ball up and forward
at twice his running speed and just catches it at the same level. At what
angle, q , must the ball be thrown? (Hint: Consider horizontal displace-
ments for Hout and the ball.)
Problem 3E 25
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NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS ____________________
Additional Practice 3E
1. ∆x = 201.24 m 1 1
∆y = vi (sin q) ∆t − g∆t 2 = vi (sin q) − g∆t = 0
q = 35.0° 2 2
∆t =
∆x II
vi(cos q)
1 ∆x
vi(sin q) = g
2 vi (cos q)
2
v =
2(singq∆)
(xcosq) =
(9.81 m/s )(201.24 m)
i
(2)(sin 35.0°)(cos 35.0°)
vi = 45.8 m/s
2(sinqg∆)(
cos q ) =
x 2 2
(9.81 m/s )(9.50 × 10 m)
q = 45.0° vi =
(2)(sin 45.0°)(cos 45.0°)
g = 9.81 m/s2
vi = 96.5 m/s
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
vi = 16.6 m/s
vi = 20.8 m/s
v2 (20.8 m/s)2
c. ∆ymax = i = 2 = 22.1 m
2g (2)(9.81 m/s
g∆x (sin q)2 ∆x (sin q) ∆x (tan q)
II ∆ymax = = =
2(sin q)(cos q) 2g 4(cos q) 4
∆x = vi (cos q)∆t
∆x = (8.42 m/s) (cos 55.2°)(1.40 s) = 6.73 m
8. vi = 2.2 m/s
∆x = vi (cos q)∆t = (2.2 m/s) (cos 21°)(0.16 s) = 0.33 m
q = 21°
∆t
∆t = 0.16 s Maximum height is reached in a time interval of
2
2
g = 9.81 m/s2 ∆t 1 ∆t
∆ymax = vi (sin q) − 2g
2 2
2
2
0.16 s 1 0.16 s
∆ymax = (2.2 m/s)(sin 21°) −
2
(9.81 m/s2)
2
−2 −2 −2
∆ymax = 6.3 × 10 m − 3.1 × 10 m = 3.2 × 10 m = 3.2 cm
The flea’s maximum height is 3.2 cm.