A.

Phrases

A phrase is a group of two or more words that does not have the subject and verb
combination and does not form a predicate. It can contain a noun or a verb, but does not have
a subject or predicate. Essentially, a phrase provides some sort of additional information or
provides more context to the sentences you write. A phrase can never stand alone as a
sentence; however, a phrase can nestle itself inside clauses that are either complete sentences
on their own or ones that are dependent on the rest of the sentence. When a phrase is within a
clause, it functions as a part of speech. Below are a few examples of a phrase:

Example :

1. The dance was held at the reception hall. (“At the reception hall” is a prepositional
phrase. It does not have a subject or predicate, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence.)

Example 2 revisited: While she is dancing, the audience cannot tear its eyes off her.

In Example 2 revisited, “off her” is a prepositional phrase that is nestled within the
independent clause identified earlier. It does not contain a subject/predicate, nor can it stand
alone as a sentence.

Understanding the difference It is vital to understand the main differences between clauses
and phrases to ensure your writing is clear in both construction and context. If you are unsure
whether a group of words is a clause or phrase, break down the words into the parts of speech
to help you decide. If there is a subject and a verb with a predicate, it is a clause. If there is a
noun but no verb or a verb but no noun and does not have a predicate, it is a phrase. Always
keep in mind that sometimes phrases are built into clauses.

Phrases :

A. Noun Phrase

Noun Phrase is between noun phrases (pronoun or number) and one or more modifier (c /
determiner, adjective, participle).

1. Example :

· My book

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· The next page

· Someone special

2. Sentence phrase :

· Are you waiting someone special ?

B. Adjective phrase

Adjective phrase is a phrase that consists of an adjective and a modifier, determiner, and / or
intensifier.

1. Example :

· Angry with you

· Very beautiful

2. Sentence phrase:

· Never have I been angry with you

C. Adverb phrase

Adverb phrase an adverb phrase consisting of the qualifier (c / too, very, so) or in the form of
prepositional phrase or infinitive phrase.

1. Example :

· Very good

· During the hurricane

2. Sentence phrase :

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· The people couldn’t do anything during the hurricane

D. Prepositional phrase

Prepositional pharase is a combination of the preposition with the object and functions as an
adverb.

1. Example :

· At school

· Because of rain

· Between you and me

2. Sentences phrase :

· There is distance between you and me

E. Infinitive phrase

Infinitive phrase a combination of the infinitive and the object, which serves as a noun,
adjective, or adverb.

1. Example :

· To run through teh rain

· To call him

· To hear the news

2. Sentence phrase

· The best time to call him is at night

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F. Gerund phrase

Gerund phrase consists of the gerund and the modifier and / or noun (s), pronouns (s), or
noun phrase, where the functioning as a noun.

1. Example :

· His singing

· Getting the best score

· Giving bribes to win the election

2. Sentence phrase :

· He should feel ashamed for giving bribes to win the election

G. Principal phrase

Participial phrase is a combination of the participle (present or past participle) with modifier
and / or complement.

Its function as a verb [along the auxiliary form of progressive, perfect (continuous), and
passive voice] or adjective.

1. Examlpe :

· Playing basketball

· Being parked there

· Working in my room

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2. Sentence phrase

· Working in my room, I didn’t let someone else to disturb

H. Appositive phrase

Appositive phrase such as noun phrase, gerund phrase, or infinitive phrase that describes a
noun or pronoun serves another.

1. Example :

· A foremost scientist

· The best-selling car in indonesia

· Sailing across the ocean

2. Sentence phrase :

· His hobby, sailing across teh ocean, takes a lot of time

I. Absolute phrase

Absolute is a combination of a noun phrase / pronoun and participle with or without modifier.
Its function is to explain the independent clause separated by commas.

1. Example :

· His hands tugging on his mother’s shirttail

2. Sentence phrase :

· His hands tugging on his mother’s shirttail, the little boy asked his mother to buy a toy.