WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

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Volume 6, Issue 6, 1985-1996 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF GANDOOSHA AND KAVALA VIDHI

*1 2 3 4
Dr. J. Antony Stephen Raj , Dr. Jyothi.T , Dr. Deepika P. Chaudhari , Dr. Vaidehi Raole

1,2
Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Shareera, Parul Institute of Ayurved,

Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India.

3
Assistant Professor, Department of Kriya Shareera, Parul Institute of Ayurved, Vadodara,

391760, Gujarat, India.

4
Professor and H.O.D, Department of Kriya Shareera, Parul Institute of Ayurved, Vadodara,

391760, Gujarat, India.

Ayurved, of civilization oral diseases
Vadodara, continue to be a major health
problem world-wide. Therefore it
391760,
Gujarat,
is very important to maintain the
Article Received on 20 April 2017, India oral hygiene for maintenance of
health & longevity of human
being in particular. The
Revised on 10 May l 2017, Accepted on 01 June 2017, techniques, which should be
ABSTRA
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20176-9530 CT monitored daily, are known as
Dinacharya, which includes
Mouth is
mirror of Gandoosha and Kavala.These are
the prescribed regimen, which are
general known to maintain the health of
*Corresponding Author health. the oral cavity as well it as to cure
Oral diseases. In present paper, an
Dr. Vaidehi Raole health is attempt is made to review the
related to various
Professor and H.O.D, general
health of Gandoosha and Kavala
Department of Kriya techniques and its benefits as well
humans.
Since as action on diseases of oral
Shareera, Parul Institute of
inception cavity.
prese ns healthy and also suffered.[1]
KEYWORDS: Gandoosha, Kavala, rve treat or cure the
Oral Hygiene. the person who is sufferedMouth is considered as the
healt from illness in such a mirror of the health of human
hy way that the disease is [2]
INTRODUCTION perso snatch away from the body. Oral cavity harbours
n as person who have billions of microorganisms;
The main aim of Ayurveda is to remai some of these contribute to the
development or progression of cardi ular disease, diabetes health and
systemic diseases such as ovasc mellitus, etc. Oral
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w Vol 6,
Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
“Anagatabhadapratished”.

[3]
general health are interrelated Oral diseases
continue to be a major health problem world- Various methods for maintaining oral hygiene
wide. So it is very important to maintain the are well explained in all classical texts of
oral hygiene for maintenance of the general Ayurveda. These include methods such as
[4] Dantadhavana (brushing the teeth),
health in society. Pratisarana
Ayurveda gives prime importance to (massaging the teeth and gums),
"SwasthyaSamrakshana". That means Ayurveda JivhaNirlekhana (tongue cleaning),
explained some vidhi mainly used as preventive Gandoosha and Kavala
aspect of positive human health which includes
Dinacharya (daily routine), Ratricharya (night), (gargling),Among these Gandoosha and
Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Kavala have the more known efficacy to
maintain the oral hygiene and cure of the oral
Navegadharaneeya, Sadvritta (right living), [7,8]
Achara Rasayana (behaviours). These routine diseases
has helped the society in general and individual
in particular to overcome many diseases. Aim and objective

The techniques, which should be monitored To review about Gandoosha and Kavala
daily, areknown as Dinacharya. Acharya
Vagbhata and Charaka explained about To review the composition of drugs used for
theDinacharya (daily routine). Vagbhata gives Gandoosha and Kavala in different disease.
more emphasize on Dinacharya, and he
explained it’s in Dinacharya Adhyaya, which
includes Gandoosha and Kavala

[5] Gandoosha and KavalaGraha are two primary

Gandusa and Kavala , he described improper
[6]
Dantadhavana as a Nidana of Mukha Roga.
Acharya Charak described it’s under the
heading “Swasthyavrita” means personal
hygiene in
“Mattrashitiyaadhyaye” and Acharya
Sushruta had oral hygiene in the
and effective oral cleansing techniques and
specialized therapy to treat as well as to
prevent oral diseases. The difference between
the two is only in the composition of drugs,
dosage and procedure of using the drug. In
Gandooshaa medicated fluid is held mouthful
for a specific period until there is lacrimation
and nasal discharge, and then the patient spits
it out. In Kavalagraha, the mouth is only
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Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Fats (oil, ghee), milk, honey with water,
sukta(fermented gruel), wine, soup of meat,
urine(of animals), or Dhanyamla, mixed with
three-fourths filled with the medicated fluid; the kalka, either cooked or uncooked.[14]
fluid is swished in the mouth for a specific time
[9,10]
and then spat out. Goksheera: Ojovardhaka (increases general
health, immunity of body), Dhatu vardhaka
Types of Gandoosha:
(Nourishes the body tissues), Trishnagna
1) SnigdaGandoosha, (2) Shaman, (3) Shodhan, (relief thirst), Jeevaneeya (enlivening)
[11,12] Rasayana (rejuvenating, anti-aging),
(4) Ropan
Medhya(Brain tonic, improves intelligence).
[15,16]
Gandooshavidhi

The person should sit in a place devoid of Grita: Cakshusyam (good for eyes),
breeze but in sunlight, vatapittagna (disorder of vata pitta), pleasant
voice, snehamuttamam (best for oleation).
His shoulder, face, and neck should be Puranaghrita cures diseases of head, ear, eyes;
massaged and fomented vranasodhanaropana (cleans & cures varana).
[17]
Keeping his face slightly lifted up.
Tila taila: Teekshna, vyavayi (it penetrate deep
He should hold the liquid in his mouth till the into tissue), krimignam (antibiotic),
mouth gets filled with kapha (or) till the nose samskarasarvarogajit (appropriate processing
and eyes become secretory, after which it is spat [18]
[13] cures all disease). In conditions like
out. tinglingin the teeth, weak teeth, and disease of
the mouth caused by Vata imbalance, water
Time of karma: Early morning in every day mixed with sesame seed paste is held in the
(Nityasevana). [19]
mouth

Common drugs used in Gandoosha: (for Madhu: Vrana shodhana-ropanam (clean &
healthy person) heels the wound), chaksusyam (good for eyes),
[20]
trishnagna (relieves thirst)

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Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
His shoulder, face, and neck should be
massaged and fomented
D
hanyamla: Hrudyam (good for heart),
vatakaphapagam (mitigates kapha&vata) Keeping his face slightly lifted up.
sramaklamaharam(relieves fatigue &
exhaustion), ruchyam (increase the taste), He should hold the liquid in his mouth with
deepana swiss movement till the mouth gets filled with
Kapha (or) till the nose and eyes become
[21] secretory, after which it is spat out.
(increase appetite & hunger).
Common drugs used in Kavala: (for healthy
Schedule for Gandoosha person)
The medicated fluid (or) medicated paste is kept Sneha (oil), milk, honey, meat juice, urine,
in mouth with concentrated mind, without any sour gruel, hot water and kashaya are used
swiss movement till the collection of kapha in [24]
the mouth, nasasrava and netrasrava then the according to the prakruti.
[22]
fluid is spat out. Schedule for Kavala
Indication for Gandoosha th
The 3/4 medicated fluid (or) medicated paste
Dantaharsa (tingling of teeth), DantaChala is kept in mouth with concentrated mind along
(shaky teeth) Mukha Roga Vataja (disease of with swiss movement till the collection of
mouth caused by vata). Any of the above the kapha in the mouth, nasasrava, karnasrava,
[25]
condition is cured by “Sukoshnamatha Sheetam and netrasrava then the fluid is spat out.
Tilakalkodakam Hitam” Gandoosha of water
mixed with paste of Tila in lukewarm state of Indications for kavala:
[23]
cold.
Shiro roga (disease of head), manya roga
Kavala vidhi (disease of neck), mukha roga (diseases of
osta, danthamoola, dantha, jihwa, talu, gala,
The person should sit in a place devoid of etc.), Akshi roga(disease of eyes), karna roga
breeze but in sunlight,
(disease of ear) praseka (excessive salivation),
kanta roga (disorders of throat), vaktrashosha
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Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
effect), Vaktralaghuta (lightness of mouth),
[29]
Indriyaprasada (clarity of sense organs)
(dryness of mouth), and hrillasa Hinayoga lakshana of Gandusha and
(nausea),tantric (stupor), aruchi (anorexia), Kavala
pinasa (rhinitis) are cured specially by kavala.
[26]
Jatya (Stiffness), kaphautklesha (excitation of
[30]
kapha), loss of taste.
Common Benefits ofGandoosha & Kavala
AtiyogaLakshana of Gandusa and Kavala
Regular practise of Gandoosha and Kavalawith
Tila Tailawill not suffer from Kantashosha Mukha paka (stomatitis), sosa (dryness), trsna
(thirst),arucchi (anorexia) and klama
(dryness of mouth), Oshtasputana (cracking [31]
lips), Dantakshaya (loss of teeth),Dantashula (exhaustion)

[27] Mode of action Gandoosha and Kavala

(dental pain) and Dantaharsha (sensitivity).
The saliva consists of lysozyme, an enzyme
Regular practise of Gandoosha and Kavala, and antibody IgA, which are bacteriostatic and
results in Swarabalam (strength to voice), antimicrobial in nature. The Gandoosha and
Hanubalam (strength to jaws), strength to face, Kavala increase the pressure in the mouth,
Ruchyam (better taste perception), Drudadantha which stimulates the stretch reflex i.e. the
(strong and healthy teeth), and resistance pressoreceptors resulting in stimulation of the
against Doshaja or Aaganthuja Mukharogas bad salivary nuclei in brain stem. This results in
breath, decay bleeding gums, dryness of throat, increased activity of parasympathetic motor
cracked lips and for strengthening teeth, gums fibres of facial and glossopharyngeal nerves
[28]
and the jaw. and increases the salivary output, which is
further stimulated by the chemical constituents
Samyak Lakshana of Gandusha & Kavala stimulating the oral chemoreceptors and hence
the Gandooshaand kavala maintains and cures
Vyadhiapachaya (disease subsides), Tushti [32]
the oral environment.
(feeling of freshness), Vaishadya(cleansing
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Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
[44]

[33]
Diseases occur in oral cavity Decoction of rodhra, musta, misi, srestha,
taarksya, pattanga, kimsuka, and katphala
Disease of mouth are 65 in number, which [45]
used as gargle.
occur in seven location of mouth such as lips-8, Paridara- kashaya prepared with triphala,
gums-15, teeth-8, tongue-5, palate-9, throat-17, [46]
sarva mukha-3 mustha used as kandusa.

Kaphaja Ostakopa– Kavalagrahais mention as Dantaharsa – warm gargle of fats (or)

[34] traivritaghrita, (or) Decoction of vatahara
a line of treatment. Drugs prepared with [47]
teekshna, ushna, ruksha, katu, amla, lavana plants control Dantaharsa.
[35]
rasa to pacify the shleshma. Dantaharsha and Dantabheda- Milk boiled
with tila and madhuyasti used as
Upakusa-Pippali, yellow mustard, sunthi, and
micula fruits all mixed with lukewarm water [48]
should use as gargle and Grita processed with Gandusa.
sweet (kakolyadi drugs) should use
Krimidantaka-gargle with sneha (oil, ghee)
[49]
Scum of ghee (or) oil used as gargle. Oil mixed with eranda
[36]
as gargle in upakusa.
held in mouth in luke warm state kwatha used as Gandusa, (or) pain does not
[37] subsided by any treatment, tooth should be
(sukosnaGandusa) cures the Upakusa. removed after that oil added with yasti or
[50]
Adhimamsa- Pippali mixed with honey used as honey should be used as Gandusa.
[38]
gargle. Decoction of patola, nimba, and DantaVidradi- decoction prepared with drugs
[39]
triphala used as kavala in Adhimamsa. possessing katu (pungent), teekshna,
[51]
usnadrayas used as kavala.
Sitada- Kashaya prepared with triphala, Dantanadi: kashayam prepared with
[40]
mustha used as kandusa. Decoction of kshirinidravyas (milky trees) used as gargle.
kshirini dravya (bark of trees having milky sap) [52]
[41]
used as kavala.
Kantaka caused by pitta is cured by gargle
Dantavestaka-Kashayam prepared with prepared with sweet drugs (kakolyadidravya),
kshirinidravyas (milky trees), with honey,ghee, kantaka caused by kapha cured by gargle
[42] [53]
sugar used as gargle. prepared with yellow mustard with rock salt.
CalaDanta- Gandusa with decoction of Upajihvika-gargle prepared with yellow
[43] [54]
Dasamoola added with fat. mustard with rock salt.

Sausira-Kashayam prepared with Dustajihva- caused pitta, decoction prepared

kshirinidravyas (milky trees) used as gargle. with madhura dravya used as Gandusa.[55]
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Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
[66]
Decoction of panchamula used as
Galasundika(enlarged uvula)-decoction of [67]
vaca, ativisa ,patha ,rasna, katuka, and Gandusa.

[56] Sarva Kanta Roga: Decoction of srestha,

nimba used as a gargle. Decoction vyosa, yavakshara, nimba, darvi, dvipi,
prepared with kaphahara dravya used as rasanjana, patha, tejini, mixed with suktha and
cows urine used as Kavala, it will cure all the
[57]
Gandusa. kantarogas.
[68]

Tundikeri, Adhrusa, Mamsasanghata, Vataja Roga (sneha kavala): Drugs which

Talupupputa- Decoction of vaca, ativisa, possess snigdha (unctuous) and Usna(hot) are
patha, rasna, katuka, and nimba used as a used as kavala.
[58]
gargle.
[59] Pittaja Roga (shamana kavala):Drugs which
Talusosa- Sour liquids used as Gandusa.
possess the madhura(sweet) and sheeta(cold)
Talupaka- Decoction prepared with sheeta are used as kavala.
(cold), Kashaya (astringent), madhuradravyas
[60] Kapaha Roga (shodhana kavala): Drug which
(sweet). possess the katu(pungent), amla(sour), salt
Arbuda- Decoction of Guduchi, nimba, mixed (lavana) are used as kavala.
[61]
with honey and oil used as Gandusa.
AbhyandaraVrana: As
Kaphaja Rohini: oil cooked with ropanakashaya(astringent), tikta (bitter),
svetavidanga, and danti along with salt used madhura (sweet), katu (pungent), and hot
as [69]
dravya used as gargle.
[62]
gargle. Oil prepared with seeds of Gandoosha and Kavala are Contra-indicated
apamarga, sveta, danti, jantughna, saindhava for the person who is below the age group of 5
[63] years. Because of unawareness the will drink
used as Gandusa.
the drugs which will irritates the body.
Pitta Rohini: Decoction of Draksha, and
[64] CONCLUSION
parusaka is used as gargle. Decoction of Sita
Gandoosha & Kavala are the simple and
(sugar), ksaudra (honey), priyangu, rodhra, and economical procedure to preserve the positive
[65]
patanga used as kavala. health as well cures the disease of the person, it
effects as both preventive as well as curative.
Vataja Rohini:Luke warm oil gargle is used.
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Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
by gandoosh and kavalusujatasooryavanshi and
b. r. mardikarbharatividyapeeth’s college of
Bioactive ingredients present in the drugs which ayurveda, erandwane, pune – 411 038, india.
we are commonly using for Gandoosha and
Review article: Oil pulling for maintaining oral
Kavala are having the property of Anti- hygiene e A review Vagish Kumar L.
inflammatory, Immuno-modulatory, and Anti- Shanbhag*.Journal of Traditional and
oxidants etc. Complementary Medicine, 2017; 7: 106e109.
journal homepage:
Oral route is common way for entry of various http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jtcme. X
micro-organisms, that which are going to cause
illness to oral area as well as the internal parts Review article:Oil pulling for maintaining oral
of the body. Gandoosha & Kavala are two hygiene e A review Vagish Kumar L.
specialized techniques to prevent the entry of
causative micro-organism (Preventive aspect), Shanbhag*.Journal of Traditional and
and also cures the disease of oral as well as Complementary Medicine, 2017; 7: 106e109.
internal parts of the body (curative aspect). journal homepage:
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jtcmeX
Snana (Bath) is maintain the external hygiene
of the body as the same way Gandoosha and 4. Role of Ayurveda in management of
oral healthNilesh Arjun Torwane, Sudhir
Kavalaare upholding the internal hygiene of the Hongal, PankajGoel, and B. R.
body as well as cure the diseases specially Chandrashekar. PMCID: PMC3931197.Also
related to head,neck, ears, mouth, and eyes. available in:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
Gandoosha and Kavala vidhiare having the C3931197/X
beneficial effects on both locally,
systematically. So,aim to evaluate the specific Ayurvedic Analytical Approaches for Health
effects of Gandoosha and Kavala inspecific and Fitness with Cleanliness System Ratanakar
systemic manner, can be considered for future Shetty P.G. Scholar (Rognidana), Ayurveda
studies. College, Kannur, Kerala, India. EIJO: Journal
of Ayurveda, Herbal Medicine and Innovative
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Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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