 Problema 8-57, (Mecánica de materiales Hibeler 8° edición)

La varilla de 2 pulgadas de diámetro está sostenida a las cargas mostradas en la figura.

Determine el estado de esfuerzos en el punto A y B, muestre los resultados en un
elemento diferencial situado en ese punto.

Resuelto por MDsolids:

1. Consider the force equilibrium of the shaft. Cut a free-body diagram through the
shaft just behind the stress element location. We will assume reaction forces Rx,
Ry, and Rz acting in the positive x, y, and z directions, respectively.

In the x direction, the equilibrium equation is:

Fx = Rx + 800.0 lb = 0

Rx = -800.0 lb

In the y direction, the equilibrium equation is:

Fy = Ry + 600.0 lb = 0

Ry = -600.0 lb

In the z direction, the equilibrium equation is:

Fz = Rz - 500.0 lb = 0
 Rz = 500.0 lb

2. Next, consider the moment equilibrium of the shaft. We will assume reaction
moments Mx, My, and Mz acting in the positive x, y, and z
directions, respectively.

In the x direction, the moment equilibrium equation is:

Mx = Mx - (600.0 lb)(12.0 in.) = 0

Mx = 7,200.0 lb-in.

In the y direction, the moment equilibrium equation is:

My = My + (800.0 lb)(12.0 in.) - (-500.0 lb)(8.0 in.) = 0

My = -13,600.0 lb-in.

In the z direction, the moment equilibrium equation is:

Mz = Mz + (600.0 lb)(8.0 in.) = 0

Mz = -4,800.0 lb-in.

3. Now, consider a free-body diagram that cuts through the shaft just in front of the
stress element location. For this free body to be in equilibrium, the internal forces
and moments on the front surface must be equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction to the reactions that act on the rear surface.

Therefore, the internal forces acting on the front surface

of the free body are directed as shown.

The internal moments acting on the front surface of the

free body are directed as shown.
 4. The force Px= 800.0 lb creates the following stresses:

a)A uniformly distributed axial tension normal stress. The

magnitude of the normal stress is given by:

| x| = |Nx| / Area

= 800.0 lb / 3.142 in2

= 254.6 psi

b)A linearly distributed tension normal stress due to a bending moment about the y axis.
The magnitude of the normal stress is given by:

| x| = |My z| / I

= (800.0 lb)(12.0 in.)(1.0 in.) / 0.7854 in.4

= 12,223.1 psi

The direction of the stress is shown on the stress element.

The force Py = 600.0 lb creates the following stresses

c)Although Py creates a moment about the z axis, it produces

zero flexural stress on stress element D because y = 0 at this
location. In other words, element D is on the neutral axis for
moments about the z axis.

d)A shear stress due to a torsional moment about the x axis.

The magnitude of the shear stress is given by:

| T| = |T|c / J

= (600.0 lb)(12.0 in.)(1.000 in.) / 1.571 in4

= 4,583.7 psi

e)A transverse shear stress due to the 600.0 lb shear force.

The magnitude of the shear stress is given by:

| V| = |Vy|Q / I t

= (600.0 lb)(0.6667 in.3) / [(0.7854 in.4) (2.000 in.)]

= 254.6 psi

The force Pz = -500.0 lb creates the following stresses

f)A linearly distributed tension normal stress due to a bending moment
about the y axis. The magnitude of the normal stress is given by:

| x| = |My z| / I

= (500.0 lb)(8.0 in.)(1.0 in.) / 0.7854 in.4

= 5,093.0 psi

The direction of the stress is shown on the stress element.

g)Although Pz creates shear stress in the shaft, the transverse shear

stress on element D in the z direction is zero at this location. When
subjected to a shear force in the z direction, the outermost surfaces of the
shaft in the z direction are free of shear stress.

ummary for stress element D (on the +z side of the shaft): The normal
stresses for the combined loading can be determined by superimposing the individual
cases. For stress element D (on the +z side of the shaft), the total normal stress acting on
the element is a tension stress of 17,570.7 psi. The shear stresses for the combined
loading act in the positive y direction on the positive x face of the element. The magnitude
of the shear stress is 4,838.3 psi.

The principal stresses for the element are

p1 = 18,814.9 psi and p2 = -1,244.2 psi

The maximum in-plane shear stress is

max = 10,029.5 psi ,and the absolute maximum shear stress equals the in-plane shear
stress. This condition occurs when p1 and p2 have opposite signs.

Resuelto a mano:

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0; 𝑁𝑌 + 800 = 0 𝑁𝑌 = −800

∑ 𝐹𝑧 = 0; 𝑉𝑍 + 600 = 0 𝑉𝑍 = −600

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0; 𝑉𝑥 − 500 = 0 𝑉𝑥 = 500

∑ 𝑀𝑦 = 0; 𝑇𝑦 − 600(12) = 0 𝑇𝑌 = 7200

∑ 𝑀𝑧 = 0; 𝑀𝑧 + 800(12) + 500(8) = 0 𝑀𝑍 = −13600

∑ 𝑀𝑥 = 0; 𝑀𝑋 + 600(8) = 0 𝑀𝑍 = −4800
 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼𝑋 = 𝐼𝑍 = 4 (1)4 = 4
; 𝐴 = 𝜋(1)2 = 𝜋 ; 𝐽 = 2 (1)4 = 2

𝑁 𝑀𝑋(𝑍) 𝑀𝑍 (𝑋) 800 4800(0) −13600(1)

𝜎= 𝐴
+ 𝐼𝑋
− 𝐼𝑍
; Cuando en A, Z=0 y X=1 𝜎 = 𝜋
− 𝜋⁄ − 𝜋⁄ =17.6 ksi
4 4

𝑇𝑌 𝐶 7200(1)
(𝜏𝑦𝑧 )𝑇 = = 𝜋 = 4.584(103 )𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐽 ⁄2

𝑉𝑧 (𝑄𝑧 ) 600(0.667)
(𝜏𝑦𝑧 )𝛾 = = 𝜋 = 254.64𝑝𝑠𝑖 = 0.2546𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐼𝑋 (𝑡) (2)
4
𝑉𝑥 (𝑄𝑥 ) 500(0)
(𝜏𝑥𝑦 )𝛾 = = 𝜋 =0
𝐼𝑧 (𝑡) (2)
4

𝜏𝑦𝑧 = (𝜏𝑦𝑧 )𝑇 + (𝜏𝑦𝑧 )𝛾 = 4.584 + 0.2546 = 4.838𝑘𝑠𝑖 = 4.84𝑘𝑠𝑖; 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 0