INSTITUTO MARILLAC I.A.P. LIC. EN ENFERMERIA Y OB.

ENGLISH IV / STUDY GUIDE SECOND PARTIAL

NAME: __________________________________ GROUP: _________________

1. PRESENT PERFECT

Exercise on Present Perfect Tense. Fill in the gaps with the right forms of the verbs in bold at the end of the sentences
in Present Perfect Tense. Remember to use the correct forms for the third person singular!

1 She ________________all the tort that was left.
(eat)
2 He _________ more harm than good. (do)
3 She _________________ her lips. (bite)
4 Where __________ their documents? (they/ hide)
6 The wild geese ______________ away (fly)
7 The two sisters _______________apart. (grow)
8 Somebody ____________ my mobile. (steal)
9 The river ________ and we can cross it easily.
(freeze)

5 I __________about it since yesterday. 10 We ___________ for over two hours. (Sing)

(know)

2. SINCE, FOR IN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Choose the right words for or since to complete the following English sentences in Present Perfect Tense.

1. We haven't met ___________ Christmas.

2. We haven't been in the opera ___________ over a year.

3. I haven't spoken German ____________ the end of the war.

4. You have kept me waiting _____________ half an hour!

5. It is about two years __________ we last had news of him.

6. I haven't bought a new book _________________ April.

7. We haven't seen our cousin ______________ages.

8. His wife has changed a lot __________ the last time we met.

9. My daughter hasn't written to me _________my birthday.

10. We have lived here ___________________-many years.

11. It hasn't snowed here ____________six months.

12. Our guests have been sailing _______________ tea-time.

13. It has been several hours _________________ I had dinner.

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14. There hasn't been any war in this country ___________ over a century.

15. Nothing has been changed here ___________ the Middle Ages.

3. PAST PERFECT

Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1 He couldn’t get into the house because he _______________ (forget) his keys.
2 When he _______________ (write) all his postcards, he had to buy more stamps.
3 He remembered the story very well because he _______________ (read) the book several times.
4 By the time he _______________ (finish) his studies he wanted a holiday.
5 When I got home I discovered I _______________ (lose) my keys.
6 Ryan Patterson came up with his idea after he _______________ (visit) a fast food restaurant.
7 He was very hungry because he_______________ (not eat) since breakfast.

Each sentence has one mistake. Write the correct sentences.

1 He won lots of awards by the time he was 16.

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2 I’m sorry, I tried to phone but you already left.
______________________________________________
3 By the time he was 14 he had already wrote his first book.
______________________________________________
4 He had knew where to go because he had been there before.
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4. THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

Examples→
Examples 1.If I really had a million dollars, I’d buy a great big house and a new car,
and then I’d travel around the world.
2. Would you race cars, too?
3. If one of my fantasies could come true, I’d ask for world peace.
4. If I were rich, I could make my fantasies come true.

Explanations 1.The second conditional is used to talk *If you were ready, we
about situations that are hypothetical, could go now.
unreal, or impossible. In the second (But you aren’t ready, so
conditional, past tenses are used. we can’t)
*If we knew his phone
number, we wouldcall
him. (We don’t know his
number, so we can’t call
him.)

It would be different if --
Directions: Combine the sentences in each item into one sentence. Use the second conditional.

1. She doesn’t have enough money. She can’t go on vacation.

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 2. Molly can’t act. She can’t be in the school play.
__________________________________________________________________________

3. Stevie is shy. He won’t call up any of his classmates.

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Chicago is cold in the spring. People don’t go swimming.

__________________________________________________________________________

5. I don’t have Katya’s phone number. I can’t call her.

__________________________________________________________________________

6. I can’t bake. I don’t make delicious cakes and pies.

__________________________________________________________________________
Not the Case

Directions: Complete each sentence. Use the second conditional.

1. If Beyonce were here, ______________________________________________________

2. I’d call my ex-boyfriend / girlfriend back ____________________________________
3. If I were you, _______________________________________________________________
4. If my best friend were my mom / dad _______________________________________
5. If I could see into the future, _________________________________________________
6. I would sleep late every morning _____________________________________________
7. If I were a police officer, _____________________________________________________
8. I would be very angry _______________________________________________________
9. What would you do _________________________________________________________

.If you could change something about your life, what would you change? Write a short paragraph.

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5.THE PASSIVE VOICE

The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb and
adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active verb becomes the ‘agent’ of the passive
verb. The agent is very often not mentioned. When it is mentioned it is preceded by by and placed at the end of
the clause.
Active: My grandfather planted this tree.
Passive: This tree was planted by my grandfather.

USE
The Passive is used:
1. when the agent (=the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context.
Jane was shot. (We don’t know who shot her.)
This church was built in 1815. (Unimportant agent)
He has been arrested. (Obviously by the police)
2. to make more polite or formal statements.
 The car hasn’t been cleaned. (more polite)
(You haven’t cleaned the car. – less polite)
3. when the action is more important than the agent, as in processes, instructions, events, reports,
headlines, new items, and advertisements.
30 people were killed in the earthquake.
4.to put emphasis on the agent.
The new library will be opened by the Queen.
ACTIVE TO PASSIVE
To change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice:
• the object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
Agatha Christie wrote this book.
This book was written by Agatha Christie.
• we change the main verb of the active voice sentence into the passive voice. The tense remains
unchanged.
• the subject of the active voice sentence becomes the agent of the passive sentence. It is placed
after the past participle and it is preceded by the preposition by.
Agatha Christie wrote this book.
This book was written by Agatha Christie.

Leslie took this photograph yesterday.

SUBJECT ACTIVE VERB OBJECT TIME COMPLEMENT

This photograph was taken by Leslie yesterday.

SUBJECT PASSIVE VERB AGENT TIME
COMPLEMENT
BY OR WITH?
In the passive voice, we use:
• by with the agent to refer to by whom the action is being done.
The door was opened by Mr Black. (Mr Blak = agent)
•
with to refer to the instrument, object or material that was used for something to be done.
The door was opened with a key. (a key = the object that was used)
Exercise: Rewrite each sentence using passive voice for simple present tense. Then PAST SIMPLE, active and
passive

2. The farmer grows carrots in 3. Mrs.Lawrance milks her 4. Alexander plays golf every
1. People produce cars in his field. cow twice a day. Sunday morning.
this factory. .................................. .................................. ..................................
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5. Maisie takes a lot of nature 6. Everyone in this class loves 7. Mason and Lucas read 8. Lexi and Megan eat ice-
photos at weekends. and respects Diana. story books every day. cream three times a week.
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9. The Hamiltons cook roast 10. Mr.Oven cleans our 11. A mechanic repairs 12. Mr.Ward sells fresh meat
turkey on special days. street every morning. your car in his garage. in his shop.
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13. Most women watch 14. Eva's mother brushes her 15. People cut down more 16. Policemen catch and
TV series at home. hair every morning. and more trees every day. arrest thieves and robbers.
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