SUBSTATION DESIGN

n PRJ 100
n SAIDI FELIX JUMA
n F17/9366/2002

n SUPERVISOR: DR.CYRUS WEKESA

n EXAMINER:DR. M.K. MANG’OLI
 OBJECTIVE
n To design an algorithm that can be
used for planning the location of
distribution substations in a network.
 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION
DEFINITION
n A subsidiary
station of an
electricity
generation,
transmission and
distribution system
where voltage is
transformed from
one level to
another using
transformers
 TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
n Transmission SS
n Distribution substation - transfers
power from the transmission system
to the distribution system of an area
 CHOICE OF GA
n Substation location is an optimization
problem. As the location varies so do the
lengths of conductors which immediately
connect the SS to the network nodes

n GA is a search technique used in

computing to find exact or approximate
solutions to optimization problems. It is an
optimization tool.
GENETIC ALGORITHM WORKING

INITIALIZATION – many individual solutions are randomly generated to form an

initial population

SELECTION – proportion of initial population chosen to breed a new generation.

Individual solutions chosen on a fitness based process. Roulette wheel selection is
a common selection method.

REPRODUCTION – crossover and mutation genetic operators are used to create

next generation. Average fitness of next generation is better than for previous

TERMINATION – generation process is repeated until a termination condition is

reached
CROSSOVER
MUTATION
 SIMPLE GA PSEUDOCODE
Choose initial population

Evaluate the fitness of each individual in the population

Repeat the steps below until termination

select best ranking individuals to reproduce

Breed new generation through crossover and/or mutation and produce offspring

Evaluate the individual fitnesses of the offspring.

CONSTRAINTS OF PROBLEM
n All load points must be supplied
n Each load point is supplied by just
one substation
n A substation can supply more than
one load
 STRUCTURE

For optimization of the problem, the solutions

are encoded in a matrix structure
(CHROMOSOMES)

In these chromosomes the number of rows

equals to the number of substations (involving
the existing and candidate ones) where En is
the number of existing substations and Nn is
the number of candidate substations
Chromosome structure
 PROCEDURE IN MATLAB
n The creation function (SP_Create)
was designed. This creates the first
population used by the GA.
n Fitness function was created. This
assigned a fitness score that’s
inversely proportional to the
difference between the solution and
the value a chromosome represents.
 Procedure cont.

n A multipoint crossover function and

the mutation function was written to
carry out the generations.
n Behaviour of fitness function was
checked in the GA TOOL and the M
file (SP_main
(SP_main)) created.
n This was then made to take in data
from excel file DATA and also the
output was given in excel file
RESULTS
GENETIC ALGORITHM TOOL
 working
n Program uses DATA.xls as its input.
It has the following worksheets;
1. Input load data

2. Present substations and their

capacities
3. Candidate points
Inputting data
Sample loads and coordinates
Current substations
Candidate points
 Running program
n Once data has been entered the
program is run by invoking the
following in MATLAB
1. DSP.fig

2. DSP

3. SP_main
GUI
PROGRESS
PLOT OF SS LOCATION AND
CAPACITY
 RESULTS FILE
n Contains the following worksheets
1. Transformer capacities
2. Transformer powers
3. Substation coordinates
4. Load (X-
(X-Y) and substation (X-
(X-Y)
links
Load and Substation links
 CONCLUSION
n A genetic algorithm for optimal
location of distribution substations
and determination of their locations
was generated
 RECOMMENDATIONS
n The algorithm developed was
attaining local optima. Combination
of GA and other optimization
methods should be explored. This is
due to the fact that although GA
finds good local solutions, its quite
inefficient in finding the last
mutations to find absolute optimum
n Recent research suggests use of
more than one parent can yield
better quality chromosomes. This
should be explored.
thanks for your attention