IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Related content

- Magnus wind turbines as an alternative to
Static Structural and Modal Analysis of Gas the blade ones
N M Bychkov, A V Dovgal and V V Kozlov
Turbine Blade - Corrosion Performance of Inconel 625 in
High Sulphate Content
Azzura Ismail
To cite this article: Ravi Ranjan Kumar and K. M. Pandey Prof. 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
225 012102 - A method for turbine blade temperature
data segmentation
Chi Feng, Li Wang and Shan Gao

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 168.151.137.89 on 09/09/2017 at 23:39

ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

Static Structural and Modal Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade

Ravi Ranjan Kumar and Prof. K. M. Pandey

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 78010 India

Abstract: Gas turbine is one of the most versatile items of turbo machinery nowadays. It is used in
different modes such as power generation, oil and gas, process plants, aviation, domestic and related small
industries. This paper is based on the problems concerning blade profile selection, material selection and
turbine rotor blade vibration that seriously impact the induced stress-deformation and structural functioning
of developmental gas turbine engine. In this paper for generating specific power by rotating blade at
specific RPM, blade profile and material has been decided by static structural analysis. Gas turbine rotating
blade RPM is decided by Modal Analysis so that the natural frequency of blade should not match with the
excitation frequency. For the above blade profile has been modeled in SOLIDWORKS and analysis has
been done in ANSYS WORKBENCH 14. Existing NACA6409 profile has been selected as base model and
then it is modified by bending it through 72.5G and 145G. Hence these three different blade profiles have
been analyzed for three different materials viz. Super Alloy X, Nimonic 80A and Inconel 625 at three
different speed viz. 20000, 40000 and 60000RPM. It is found that NACA6409 with 72.5O
*-6;
/1=-:
*-:;
result for all material at all speed. Among all the material Inconel 625 gives best result. Hence Blade of
Inconel 625 having 72.5G bent profile is the best combination for all RPM.

Keywords:- SOLIDWORKS, ANSYS WORKBENCH 14, NACA6409, Static structural Analysis, Modal
Analysis.

1. Introduction

Gas Turbine Engine is a machine which uses gaseous working fluid to produce Mechanical power. It is
an internal combustion engine like reciprocating Otto and diesel engine with major difference that the
Working fluid flows through gas turbine is continuous. Gas turbine engine are thermodynamically based
on brayton cycle. The basic mechanism of operation is as follows: -
a. The fluid flows directly into the device in an axial direction.
b. The stator blade turned the flow to line up it with the turbine blade.
c. The turbine blades turn the flow back towards axial direction and rotate the output shaft.
Key point is that power extraction from fluid arises from turning the flow. Complex turbine uses more
than one row of stator and rotor, all working on the same principle.

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

2. Modelingand Analysis

Three models have been modeled using SOLIDWORKS software. First model is taken as NACA 6409,
second and third model is made by bending it through 72.5G and 145G angle. Now static structural and
modal analysis has been done on these three models in order to get the suitable blade profile and
material for generating desired power at certain speed.

Table I:- Properties of Material

Materials Supr Nimonic Inconel Following parameter has been taken for calculation of
Alloy 80A 625 forces applying on the blade: -
X
Blade height (H) = 0.12m
%7<6/K: 210 222 208
Rotor diameter (D) = 0.51m
Modulus(G pa)
Mean diameter (Dm) = 0.63m
Density (kg/m3) 7780 8190 8440
Speed (N) = 20000, 40000, 60000 rpm
71::76K:
);17 0.3 0.35 0.29 Temperature (T) = 1000K
Thermal 22 11.2 21.3 No. of blade=120
conductivity(w/m Mass flow rate (H) = 31.6 kg/sec
k) for 5)?
,1)/9)5
-..1+1-6+@
67AA4-
)6/4-
F
:07<4,
*-
Thermal 10E- 12.7E-6 13.1E- as small as possible. Due to manufacturing constraint
expansion(°c) 6 6 it is taken as 14° Velocity of blade
Yield strength(M 1175 1144 1150
pa)
( )=  


Melting 1370 1340 1350 since  
 
temperature(°c)    .
Inlet bladeangle

 
 
    
    

 


  
    

  
        Tangential
   
    

  
   
    
 

Force (Ft) =H       ; Ft/blade=695.97N

Axial force (Fa) =H   

Fa/blade=4.35785N
Power generated=H (Vw1+Vw2) U=55.09MW

2
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

Centrifugal Force (Fc) =


Table II:- Force, Power Calculation
RPM 20000 40000 60000
Fa/Blad 4.3578 56.9423N 13.0734N
e N
Ft/Blad 695.97 1401.6053 2087.933
e N N 6N
Power 55.0M 221.9MW 495.89M
W W
Table III: - Centrifugal force at different speed& material
Material Centrifugal Force at different speeds, Fc in N
20000RPM 40000RPM 60000RPM
Super alloy X 798196.132 3192784.53 7183765.19
Nimonic 80A 840260.421 3361041.68 7562344.07
Inconel 625 865909.396 3463637.58 7793184.86

3. Result & Discussion

Static Structural Analysis
At first static structural analysis has been done on NACA 6409 blade profile(A) at three different speed
20000,40000 and 60000RPM of three different material and contour obtained corresponding to Von
Mises Stress and Total deformation are as follows: -
Max Stress-25189Mpa Max Def.-3.4398mm

Fig. I:-Stress & Deformation on Super Alloy X Turbine Blade at 20000RPM

Max Stress-31828Mpa Max Def-3.3881mm

Fig. II:-Stress & Deformation on Nimonic 80A Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM
Max Stress-26287Mpa Max Def.-3.7544mm

Fig. III:- Stress & Deformation on Inconel 625 Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

3
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

Now static structural analysis of NACA 6409 blade profile having 72.5G bends(B)has been done
at three different speeds using three different material and contour obtained corresponding to Von
Mises stress and Total Deformation are as follows: -

Max Stress-6593.6Mpa Max Def.-3.372mm

Fig. IV:- Stress & Deformation on Super Alloy X Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM
Max Stress-7365.8Mpa Max Def.-3.3524mm

Fig. V:- Stress & Deformation on Nimonic 80A Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM
Max Stress-7066.9Mpa Max Def.-3.6876mm

Fig. VI:- Stress & Deformation on Inconel 625 Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

At last static structural analysis of NACA 6409 blade profile with 145G bend angle(C) has been
done at three different speeds 20000, 40000 & 60000 RPM using three different materials and the
contour obtained corresponding to the Von Mises stress and Total Deformation are as follows: -

Max Stress-17629Mpa Max Def.-2.927mm

4
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

Fig. VII:- Stress & Deformation on Super Alloy X Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

Max Stress-19958Mpa Max Def.-2.9312mm

Fig. VIII:- Stress & Deformation on Nimonic 80A Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

Max Stress-18971Mpa Max Def.-3.19mm

Fig. IX:- Stress & Deformation on Inconel 625 Turbine Blade at 20000 RPM

4.Modal Analysis
Modal analysis has been done in order to find the natural frequency of turbine blade of different
profile, of different material at different speed. To avoid resonance Excitation frequency should
not coincide with natural frequency of turbine blade. Excitation frequencies of turbine blade are
333.33Hz, 666.66Hz and 1000Hz. First of all, Modal analysis of NACA 6409 blade profile(A)
has been done and contour corresponding to natural frequency, total deformation are as follows: -
For Super Alloy X

Fig. X:- Frequency-511.8Hz Frequency-1370.7 Hz Total Def.-88.521mmTotal Def.-166.32mm

5
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

For Nimonic80A

Fig. XI:- Frequency-517.37Hz Frequency-1354.9Hz Total Def.-86.619mm Total Def.-

162.15mm

For Inconel 625

Fig. XII:- Frequency-488.28Hz Frequency-1313.5Hz Total Def.-84.928mm Total Def.-

159.68mm

Now Modal analysis of NACA 6409 with 72.5Gbend angle blade profile(B) has been done for
three different materials and contour obtained corresponding to frequency and total deformation
are as follows: -
For Super Alloy X

Fig. XIII:- Freq.-958.4Hz Freq.-2038Hz Total Def.-106.33mm Total Def.-191.74mm

For Nimonic80A

Fig. XIV:- Freq.-964.32Hz Freq-2017.1Hz Total Def.-103.78mm Total Def.-187.58mm

For Inconel 625

6
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

Fig. XV:- Freq-915.13Hz Freq-1952.4Hz Total Def.-102.06mm Total Def.-183.96mm

At last Modal analysis of NACA 6409 with 145G bend angle blade profile(C) has been done for
three different materials and contour obtained corresponding to frequency and total deformation
are as follows: -

For super alloy X

Fig. XVI:- Freq-1406.3Hz Freq-1532Hz Total Def.-121.57mm Total Def.-175.35mm

For Nimonic80A

Fig. XVII:- Freq-1406Hz Freq-1527Hz Total Def.-121.53mm Total Def.-167.82mm

For Inconel 625

Fig. XVIII:- Freq-1344.3Hz Freq-1465.7Hz Total Def.-116.1mm Total Def.-168.86mm

5. Conclusion & Future Scope

For NACA 6409 blade profile(A)
Max. Stress/Max Deformation
Speed Super Alloy X Nimonic 80A Inconel 625

20000 7322.8094 9394.0556 7001.6513

7
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

40000 7623.8378 9762.3089 7267.0980

60000 7682.7642 9834.6421 7318.7614

NACA 6409 with 72.5G bend angle blade profile (B)

Max. Stress/Max Deformation
Speed Super Alloy X Nimonic 80A Inconel 625

20000 1955.3973 2197.1721 1916.3954

40000 1969.4323 2212.5614 1929.0331
60000 1972.1122 2215.4588 1931.4783

NACA 6409 with 145G bend angle blade profile(C)

Max. Stress/Max Deformation

Speed Super Alloy X Nimonic 80A Inconel 625

20000 6022.89 6808.81 5929.36

40000 6028.03 6814.84 5933.95
60000 6029.00 6815.75 5934.64

From the above analysis it is conclude that Inconel 625 should be used as a turbine blade
material for either constant or varying speed condition as stress/deformation ratio is minimum at
all speed for all blade profile.

Percentage increase in force per unit volume of blade material is high for increase in speed from
20000 to 40000 RPM and low for increase from 40000 to 60000 RPM irrespective of blade
profile.

Magnitude of Percentage increase in force per unit volume and Max stress/Max deformation is
51615<5
.79
*4),-
897.14-
LM
)6,
5)?15<5
.79
LM
199-:8-+;1=-
7.
5);-91)4

-6+-
*4),-
897.14-
LM
>1;0
6+76-4

5);-91)4
1:
;0-
*-:;
+75*16);176
.79
/-6-9);16/
87>-9

For 97.14-
LM there is increase in deformation for the second mode

after that for next two consecutive modes there is decrease in deformation and again for the next
two modes there is increase in deformation irrespective of material used. Minimum is for the 4th
and maximum is for 6th mode.

79
97.14-
LM
;0-9-
1:
16+9-):-
16
,-.795);176
.79
:-+76,
57,-
;0-6
,-+9-):-
.79 3rd mode and
again increase for next three modes. Minimum is for 1st and maximum is for 6th mode.

For 97.14-
LM
;0-9-
1:
16+9-):-
,-+rease, increase, decrease in deformation for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
and 6th mode respectively for all the material. Minimum is for 3rd and maximum is for 4th mode.

It follows the increasing order of deformation as Inconel 625, Nimonic 80A, and
Superalloy X respectively irrespective of blade profile.

Frequency taken in this paper does not match with the natural frequency of any blade
profile of any material hence it is safe.

Von Mises stress for the blade is maximum at the joint portion where profile is attached to
root and total deformation is maximum at tip portion of the blade profile.

Further transient as well as CFD analysis can be performed and combined for design of
turbine blade using different speed and material for required power generation and
efficiency.

8
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012102 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012102
1234567890

References
'(
1)6.<7<
9@76

$1+3:
7::

6;7617<
L6
16=-:;1/);176
7.
.);1/<-
.)14<9-:
7.
;<9*16-
blades in a gas turbine engine by mechanical analysis,Engineering Failure Analysis 9 (2002)
201J211.
[2] WassimMaktouf, Kacem )1
L6
16=-:;1/);176
7.
89-5);<9-
.);1/<-
.)14<9-:
7.
/):
;<9*16-
blade,Engineering Failure Analysis 47 (2015) 89J101.
' (

)5)
)7

<;;)
L4),-
=1*9);176
;91//-9-,
*@
47>
47),
)6,
01/0
*)+3
89-::<9-
Engineering Failure Analysis 46 (2014) 40J48.
'
(
#
#12)@)
<5)9

)41;0)
)9)@)6)
0
9161=):
L-:1/6
)6,
6)4@:1:
7.
):
!<9*16-
4),-
*@
7;-6;1)4
47>
8897)+0M
6;
7<96)4
7.
6/16--916/
-:-)9+0
)6,
8841+);176:
 N
:2248-9622,Vol.4,Issue1(Version1),January2014,pp.187-192.
[5] D.M. 97/)6

--6

-66-,@

B
9E,)1/0
L-:1/6
7.
+7587:1;-
;1,)4
;<9*16-
*4),-:M-6->)*4-
6-9/@

 

-

[6] Cheng-WeiFei, Guang-0-6)1
L1:;91*<;-,
+744)*79);1=-
897*)*141:;1+
,-:1/6
.79
;<9*16-
Blade-tip radial running clearan+-
<:16/
:<8879;
=-+;79
5)+016-
7.
9-/9-::176M
-+0)61+)4
SystemsandSignalProcessing49(2014)196J208.
[7] Cyrus B. Meher-7521
)6,
-79/-
)*914-:
LGas Turbine Blade Failures-Causes,
Avoidance, And TroubleshootingM
'(
&)16<4
<,)
L-;)44<9/1+)4
.)14<9- analysis for a blade failed in a gas-turbine engine of a
87>-9
84)6;M);-91)4:
)6,
-:1/6


J3125.
'(
-6:
:+0-6*9<+3)
).)-4
,)5+A<3)
7-9/

-<5-)
L-+-6;
97/9-::
16
!<9*16-
4),-
)6,
7589-::79
41:3
-/-6-9);176M
97+-,1)

 (2014) 256 J 262.
[10] Cheng-WeiFeia, Wen-ZhongTangb, Guang-0-6)1)
L7=-4
5-;07,
)6,
57,-4
.79
,@6)51+
9-41)*141;@
78;15)4
,-:1/6
7.
;<9*16-
*4),-
,-.795);176M
-97:8)+-
+1-6+-
)6,
Technology39(2014)588J595.
[11] )947:

:;9),)

L->
!-+06747/@
":-,
6
):
!<9*16-
4),-
);-91)4:M Scientia et
TechnicaAño XIII, No 36, Septiembre 2007. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. ISSN 0122-
1701 297.