Students Reaction On The Submission Driverss License of and Motorcycle Registration1

ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 75
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Transport is an important element in development and it affords the social,
economic and political interaction that most people take for granted (Button and
Hensher, 2001). Nowadays, students are now riding a motorcycle to go to their
schools, some says it is more convenient to ride it rather than riding a tricycle and
paying a fare. But the problem today is more motorcycle drivers are getting into
accidents and most of them are all minors.
The motorcycle is much more than a means of transportation; it is a symbol
of freedom, a life that breaks through the norms. To put it briefly, the motorcycle
culture implies being one with the bike and living by the roads unwritten rules. In
reality, very few of the population can have such a life. But once in a while, people
can all ride those two wheels like theres no tomorrow (Drughi, 2017).
Additionally, Wasef (2017) explained that riding is something most people
don't have to do, but rather feel compelled to for a wide variety of reasons ranging
from passion to practicality, some of the reason identified are easy to park,
camaraderie, escape and adventure.
Commercial motorcycles offer certain transport advantages in the form of
easy maneuverability, ability to travel on poor roads, and demand responsiveness.
Commercial motorcycle service growth has also led to an increase in road accidents,
traffic management problems, pervasive noise and increases in local air pollution
and greenhouse gas emissions (Ajar, 2011).

According to Huang and Preston (2004) in their study, they stated that at the
higher death rate, motorcyclists are more likely to be injured when involved in an
accident. Also, Horswill and Helman (2001) looked at 399 injury accidents in the
UK (1999 data) in which either a motorcycle or car was involved in a head on
collision with a car (that is, both types of vehicle collided with the same type of
object in the same way).
Thats why the Land Transportation Office (LTO) has issued Student
Drivers License it aims to protect the minors, educate them and show them the
responsibility of having a vehicle. Anyone who is 17 years of age and above can
apply for a student drivers permit. Other requirements include that the applicant can
speak and understand English and Tagalog and is physically and mentally fit to drive
a vehicle. The requirements also include notarized parental consent for minors, valid
identification to prove identity and age, completed student drivers license
application form and a fee of P317.63 to be paid in the LTO office.
In 2004, according to statistics of United States Department of
Transportation (DOTr), everything has advantages and disadvantages. However,
there is a huge responsibility that goes along with having a license.
In the words of Jones (2018), the advantage for having to get my license is
being able to drive myself around and allowing me more freedom. A disadvantage
would be that its tiring and you need to find space for parking. Additionally, some
advantages of drivers education are that you get to learn the rules of the road and
you get to learn how to be a safe driver while getting an education and your
insurance premiums will be lower (Connell, 2016). If youre thinking about taking
drivers education, it would be a good life skill to learn and take with you once youre
officially on the road (Jones, 2018).
In addition, Academic Life (2015) stated that getting a license before college
or university can make life more convenient. Although it is not crucial, it can make
ones college years much easier, so its worth considering. The student drivers
license also serves as identification, a drivers license is the most commonly
accepted I.D. worldwide. Anyone can present it when opening a bank account, going
to a bar or club or applying for a passport. Rite of passage, many people look at
getting a license as a milestone. It makes them feel proud, like an adult and gives
them a sense of freedom. Exploring the city, if one like day trips, having a license
allows anyone to borrow or rent a car to explore the city she/he live in.
The research question is stated hypothetically and it then leads to a research
design and analysis with scientific credibility. The research data to be acquired is
accessible and efficient for the researcher. The research question is imposed in
different ways where it can be explained different outcomes under different
conditions. The research extends the understanding of the given problem and
elaborates the present knowledge known today
Statement of the Problem
This study assessed the reaction of student on the submission of driver s
license in Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) during the school year 2018-
2019.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1.) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the personal related
factors:
a. age,
b. sex,
c. place of residence, and
d. duration of motorcycle driving?
2.) What is the students reaction on the submission of drivers license and
motorcycle registration along the following:

a. ordinance,
b. requirements,
c. regulations,
d. management, and
e. problems encountered?
3.) What are the preventive measures on the submission of drivers license
and motorcycle registration along the following:

a. safety precaution,
b. driving attitudes, and
c. permission of parents?
4.) Is there a significant relationship between the personal related factors in
a) students reaction on the submission of drivers license and
motorcycle registration?
b) preventive measures?
Scope and Delimitation
This study is delimited to the Senior High School (SHS) students in the
Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) ages fifteen (15) and above for School
Year 2018 2019 along the following: (1) personal-related factors, (2) ordinances,
(3) requirements, (4) management, (5) problems encountered and, (6) undermining
factors in the student drivers license acquisition. Correlational analysis between
personal-related factors and the LTO student license and motorcycle registration
components were also considered.

The personal-related factors were limited to age, sex, duration of motorcycle
driving and the place of residence. This study employed a random sampling of the
student-motorcycle drivers of the SHS-ISNHS of the Schools Division of Vigan
City.
The descriptive correlational method of research was employed. The
relevant data that were gathered in the study was limited to what was measured by
the questionnaire constructed by the researchers, some items of which were adapted
from several sources.
The following statistical tools were used in the relationship between data
gathered are frequency count, percentage distribution, mean and sample analysis.
Theoretical Framework
To further understand the study, the review of the related literature and
studies relevant to the current research study with variables covering ordinances,
requirements, management of student permit and motorcycle registration, problems
encountered, precautionary measures, cautions, drivers attitude and the profile of
the respondents are included.
On Ordinance
According to the Town of Castle Rock Colorado, ordinances generally
govern matters not already covered by state or federal laws. An ordinance is
considered the most authoritative form of action taken by Town Council, and once
adopted, the ordinance becomes an established law. In addition, it is a law enacted
by a municipal body, such as a city council or county commission (sometimes called
county council or county board of supervisors). Ordinances govern matters not

already covered by state or federal laws such as zoning, safety and building
regulations (Lectric Law Library's Lexicon, 2018).
On February 6, 1912, Legislative Act No. 2159 was enacted to regulate
motor vehicles in the Philippine Islands and to provide for the regulation and
licensing of operators. This was the first formal law on land transportation passed by
the legislature. This law created an Automobile Section under the Administrative
Division of the Bureau of Public Works. The Section was tasked to take charge of
motor vehicles and drivers services (Land Transportation Office, 1988).
Moreover, the LTO (1987), elaborated that the promotion of safety and
comfort in land travel is its continuing commitment. When Executive Orders 125,
125-A and 226 were promulgated, LTO was composed of only thirteen (13) regions.
As time went on, additional regions were created, namely: CAR, CARAGA and
MIMAROPA. While CAR and CARAGA are attached to the DOTC, they report to
LTO Central Office on matters of registration of motor vehicles, issuance of driver's
licenses and enforcement of land transportation laws, rules and regulations.
A drivers license is a permit issued to us by the Philippine government
granting us authorization to drive on roads and highways. Republic Act No. 4136
enacted back in 1964 created and empowered the LTO for the control of the
operation of vehicles and licensing of drivers. Under the same law (Section 19), no
person shall operate a motor vehicle without procuring a drivers license. Likewise,
all drivers must carry their license at all times when operating a motor vehicle.
Furthermore, in Section 56, driving without license a crime does make. Moreover,
the LTO can only confiscate your license if you are in violation of a traffic rule
(Deakin, 2013).
On Requirements
Requirements are defined by the Websters New World College Dictionary in
2010 that it is something required; something obligatory or demanded, as a
condition. Moreover, it is defined as a quality or qualification that you must have in
order to be allowed to do something or to be suitable for something. Its products met
all legal requirements (Cobuild Advance Dictionary). Statutory requirements are
something, such as official approval, a license, or a permit that is required by law for
engaging in a certain activity (Business Dictionary, 2018).
Under Section 8 of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 states
that transport hazards that exist in the workplace must be assessed as part of this risk
assessment and appropriate steps taken to eliminate or reduce any risks found and
that vehicles are designed, provided and maintained in a condition that is safe and
without risk to health.
The LTO requires students to pass their duly accomplished Application form
for Driver's License (ADL), Original and photocopy of birth certificate duly
authenticated by National Statistics Office (NSO), If below eighteen (18) years of
age, original copy of parental/guardian's consent with original and photocopy of one
(1) valid government issued Identification Card containing the signature of the
consenting parent/guardian and Medical Certificate issued by any licensed
practicing physician stating that the applicant is physically and mentally fit to
operate a motor vehicle or otherwise stating his/her impairment. In addition, for
foreigners, original and photocopy of passport with entry date of at least one (1)
month and visa duration of at least one (1) year from date of application, or if born
in the Philippines, present original and photocopy of birth certificate duly

authenticated by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).
Birth Certificates is a form of printed material that is needed to prove your
identity and age to obtain a drivers license and in work. It also serves a proof to
show nationality.
Driver acquiring their licenses must be physically and mentally healthy for
them to be safe while driving in roads and highways. Any disorder or condition that
might interfere with the alertness, strength, physical coordination, agility, judgment,
attention, knowledge, or skill necessary to safely operate a motor vehicle, is a
concern to Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Such conditions may be static
(unchanging), such as the residual effects of a single stroke, or chronic, such as an
uncontrolled seizure disorder or diabetic condition. It may be a progressive
condition which gradually deteriorates over time, such as Alzheimer's disease or
other form of dementia (State of California, DMV, 2018). Being physically and
mentally healthy doesnt only ensure your safety while driving but it will also assure
the other people of their safety on roads.
The LTO raised the minimum driving age for minors. Those applying for
student permits must now be at least 17 years old, up from the current requirement
of 16. The revised rules will serve two purposes, said Transportation Secretary
Joseph Abaya. First, they will better ensure the fitness and capability of license
card holders. Second, they will streamline the application process to make it more
convenient for the public (Camus, 2015).
InterNations Manila Forum (2015) explained that, foreigners who hold a
valid drivers license issued by the road authority of their home country can drive
here in the Philippines for up to 90 days after their arrival provided that their license
is in English. If the foreign drivers license is not in English, the foreigner should
have an official English translation from the local embassy of the issuing country. If
someone plan to drive and stay longer than 90 days, they must get a local drivers
license from the LTO. To get an LTO drivers license, they can either convert their
foreign license into a local one or they can apply for a new one at their nearest LTO
licensing center. Presenting their passport will identify their identity and proof of
nationality, as it will with a birth certificate.
On Management
Management is essential for organized life and necessary to run all types of
management. Good management is the backbone of successful organizations.
Management is a set of principles relating to the functions of planning, organizing,
directing and controlling and the application of these principles in harnessing
physical, financial, human and informational resources efficiently and effectively to
achieve organizational goals (Management Study HQ, 2018).
According to Management Study HQ (2018), Koontz defined management
as an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized
groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and
individuals and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals.
The LTO is the agency in charge of the issuance of drivers license and
permits. It administers the exam needed before motorists can get behind the wheel.
If motorists incur a violation, the LTO can cancel or revoke his or her license. The
LTO is also in charge of registering motor vehicles nationwide and issuing vehicle
license plates. The LTO is also involved in the enforcement of traffic rules and
regulations, with the authority to confiscate drivers licenses. It can also tap
personnel from other agencies to enforce traffic rules, but only those deputized by
the LTO are authorized to confiscate licenses (Francisco, 2017).
On Problems Encountered
A problem is a matter of situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and
needing to be dealt with and overcome (Oxford University Press, 2018)
Earlier this year, the LTO issued a memorandum instructing dealerships-
both for cars and motorcycles to comply with a new temporary license plate design
when releasing newly bought vehicles to customers. This order took effect last
February 15, and now it seems like authorities are cracking down (Laurel, 2017).
The LTO just signed Administrative Order 2017-035 which aims to
streamline the car registration process by allowing dealers to report motor vehicles
sales via a Do-It-Yourself or DIY system (Car Guide PH, 2017). According to
Pilas (2017), MDPPA President Armando Reyes of Honda Phils. Inc. noted that the
LTOs move in 2014 to centralize registration procedure in regional offices- giving
birth to a slew of other issues- registration has proceeded on a snail space , leading
to a steady increase of backlog.
On Safety Precautions
Operating a motorcycle takes different skills than driving a car: however, the
laws of the road apply to every driver just the same. A combination of consistent
education, regard for traffic laws and basic common sense can go long way in
helping reduce the amount of fatalities involved in motorcycle accidents on a yearly
basis (Geico, 1996). Keller (2018) once said that Safety is mostly a superstition. It
does not exist in nature, nor do the children of men as a whole experience it.
Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run that outright exposure. Life is either a
daring adventure, or nothing
According to the article of Collins (2017), safety is a means of keeping
yourself and others free from harm or danger. It means taking care not to fall or
bump or run into things. It also means to avoid accidents by being careful with what
you are doing. Safety also means that it is the condition of being protected from or
unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). Precautions are
actions that are intended to prevent something dangerous and unpleasant from
happening (Collins Dictionary, 2013).
In general safety precautions are action that are done and identified to ensure
safety to yourself and other people. According to the Collins English Dictionary
(2016), safety precautions are precautions that is taken in order to ensure that
something is safe and not dangerous. The DMV.Org have enlisted different safety
precautions for teenager drivers: Keep their cellphones off, multiple studies indicate
using a cellphone while driving is the equivalent of driving drunk. Turn on their
headlights, using their headlights increases their visibility and helps the other drivers
see them, even when they feel like its lights out. Obey the Speed limit, speeding is a
major contributor to fatal teen accidents. Thats especially true when driving on
roads with lots of traffic or with which youre not familiar. Practice defensive
driving, always be aware of the traffic ahead, behind and next to them, and have
possible escape routes in mind. Stay at least one car length behind the car in front of
them in slower speeds and maintain a larger buffer zone with faster speeds.
On Driving Attitudes
According to the Murcotts Driving Excellence (1969) driving is a complex
activity that requires multi-level skilled behavior. Yet, much of our riving behavior is
automatic, developed from experiences and requiring minimal allocations of
attention.
Recent studies show that personal accountability for road safety is still not
completely at the front of mind for the responsible community, but this needs to
change as it critical for each and every driver to assume personal responsibility for
their role in road safety. As people become more and more aware of their own
driving behaviors, they can work on improving their attitudes, which, in turn, will
instill positive change in all the drivers in their driving community (Road Safety for
Life, 2013).
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading source of morbidity and mortality in
adolescents in the United States and the developed world. Inadequate allocation of
attention to the driving task and to driving hazards are important sources of
adolescent crashes. People review major explanations for these attention failures
with particular focus on the roles that brain immaturity and lack of driving
experience play in causing attention problems. The review suggests that the potential
for overcoming inexperience and immaturity with training to improve attention to
both the driving task and hazards is substantial (Romer, et. al., 2014).
Furthermore, attitudes towards the road environment and driving can impact
on our driving behavior. Unfortunately, an increasing number of road traffic crashes
and incidents are being caused by aggressive drivers. Typically, young men have
been blamed for their poor attitudes and behavior when driving. However, the
number of young women showing aggressive road user behavior is increasing.
Students are encouraged to understand that attitude does influence the driving task
(The State of Queensland, 2018). The Road Safety for Life (2013), enumerated
some good behavior traits/ attitudes to adopt when driving: a.) respect for other
drivers; b.) awareness; c.) never take driving for granted; d.) drive to conditions and
lastly; and e.) adopt the attitude I can make a difference to road safety by being a
responsible driver.
The State of Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads (2018),
also added that young people often believe that driving skills and knowledge about
driving are all that is needed for them to be safe on the roads. However, one of the
most important influences on the driving ability is their attitude towards driving and
the resultant behavior on the road
Fatal motor vehicle crashes involving novice drivers are characterized by
speeding, recklessness, single-vehicle and rollover crashes, and traffic law
violations, suggesting that novice drivers bear considerable responsibility for their
fatal crashes. Moreover, almost half of 16-year-old drivers involved in fatal motor
vehicle crashes were not wearing their safety belts. These data may prove useful in
strengthening graduated licensing laws and in improving drivers' education courses
and public safety campaigns (Gonzales, et. al., 2004)
Additionally, with in-vehicle use of cell phones rapidly increasing, the safety
of young drivers, who represent 14% of licensed drivers but 26% of drivers involved
in fatal crashes, may be disproportionately threatened. The authors used a
questionnaire to examine the association between in-vehicle cell-phone use and
accidents or near-accidents among 1,291 conveniently recruited college students in 4
states. Of the 1,185 respondents who were drivers, 87% had a cell phone, and 86%
of the cell-phone owners reported talking while driving at least occasionally. Of the
762 reported accidents or near-accidents, 21% (n = 159) involved at least 1 of the
drivers talking while driving. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses
showed that the frequency, not the duration, of drivers talking while driving was
related to experiencing accidents or near-accidents (Seo, et. al., 2010).
On Personal-related Factors
On Age
Male drivers reported engaging in risky driving behaviors more frequently
than female drivers and teen drivers reported engaging in risky driving behaviors
more frequently than adult drivers. Positive affect (liking for risky driving
behaviors) and perceived risk mediated the relationships of age and gender with
risky driving. Affect and risk perception were independent predictors of risky
driving behavior. Interactions of positive affect and perceived risk with gender and
age showed that positive affect more strongly predicted risky driving for teen and
male drivers than for adult and female drivers (Rhodes, 2010)
Risk among teenagers varies greatly by driving situation; it is particularly
low in some situations (e.g., the learner period) and particularly high in others (e.g.,
right after licensure, late at night, with passengers present). In some of these high-
risk driving situations, risk is elevated for drivers of all ages (e.g., late night
driving), in others risk is elevated more for teens than adults (e.g., driving after
consuming alcohol), and in others the risk is unique to teen drivers (e.g., having
passengers) (Williams, 2003).
According to the study of Hennessy and Wiesenthal (2001), both male and
female drivers reported similar levels of mild driver aggression, supporting the
notion that context is important in arousing female aggression. In contrast, driver
violence was more frequent among male drivers, demonstrating the relevance of
behavioral form within gender linked aggression research. Suggestions for the
existence of a gender difference in driver violence, but not mild driver aggression
are offered. Finally, driver stress susceptibility was linked to both mild driver
aggression and driver violence.
Three-fourths of the crash-involved teenagers were at fault. Their crashes
resulted primarily when they ran off the road, rear ended another vehicle, or collided
with another vehicle that had the right-of-way. Three factors contributed about
equally to their crashes: failing to detect another vehicle or traffic control, speeding,
and losing control of the vehicle or sliding. Slippery roads also were an important
factor. Most failures to detect another vehicle or traffic control involved not looking
thoroughly, distraction, or inattention.
Furthermore, more than half of the nonfatal, at-fault crashes of newly
licensed 16-year-old drivers involved more than one contributing factor including
speed, loss of control, and slippery roads (Braitman, 2008).
On Sex
According to the study of Yagil (1999), results show that younger drivers and
male drivers express a lower level of normative motivation to comply with traffic
laws than do female and older drivers. The lowest level of perceived importance of
traffic laws relative to other laws was found among young male drivers. The
commission of traffic violations was found to be related more to the evaluation of
traffic laws among men and younger drivers, compared to women and older drivers.
The perceived danger involved in the commission of a driving violation, however,
was found to constitute much more of a factor among women than among men
before the commission of traffic violations. Perceived gains involved in the
commission of violations were more strongly pronounced among older drivers than
among younger drivers.
However, according to the study of Hennessy and Wiesenthal (2001), both
male and female drivers reported similar levels of mild driver aggression, supporting
the notion that context is important in arousing female aggression. In contrast, driver
violence was more frequent among male drivers, demonstrating the relevance of
behavioral form within gender linked aggression research. Suggestions for the
existence of a gender difference in driver violence, but not mild driver aggression
are offered. Finally, driver stress susceptibility was linked to both mild driver
aggression and driver violence.
On Place of Residence
According to Stevenson and Palamara (2007), the incidence rate for a motor
vehicle crash was marginally higher for urban drivers compared with rural drivers
(Urban: IR=4.2/10,000 driving days; Rural: IR=3.7/10,000 driving days). There was
no significant difference in the time to crash between urban and rural drivers. Two
factors, namely the frequency of driving before obtaining a learner‐driver permit and
the driver's level of risk taking, were significantly associated with a motor vehicle
crash in the first year of driving. Irrespective of whether the driver is licensed in a
rural or urban area, high risk‐taking drivers are at an elevated risk of a motor vehicle
crash in the first 12 months of driving.
According to the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (2010),
Information on risk factors for crash collected from 20 822 newly licensed drivers
aged 17–24 years in New South Wales, Australia, as part of the DRIVE Study was
prospectively linked to hospitalization data. SES was classified as high, moderate or
low based on the Australia 2001 Socio-Economic Index for Areas. Poisson
regression was used to model risk of crash-related hospitalization by SES, adjusting
for confounders. Two measures of injury severityurgency of treatment and length
of hospital staywere examined by SES. Results of multivariable analysis showed
that drivers from low SES areas had increased relative risk (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to
3.1) of crash-related hospitalization compared to drivers from high SES areas. This
increased risk remained when adjusting for confounders including driving exposure
and rurality (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.2). No significant association was found
between injury severity and SES. The higher risk of crash-related hospitalization for
young drivers from low SES areas is independent of driving exposure and
ruralurban differences. This finding may help improve and better target
interventions for youth of low SES.
Traffic safety researchers have long known that the majority of fatal crashes
occur on rural roads, but it is not clear whether these crashes involve people who
live in rural areas or residents of urban areas traveling on rural roads.
`Geodemographic' market-research tools allow determination of the urbanization of
drivers' residence locations from their postal `zip code.' Using data from the
19881992 files of the Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) maintained by the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), this study determined
the residence location of several subgroups of drivers involved in fatal crashes. Not
only did the majority of fatal crashes occur in rural areas, but the majority of fatal
crashes involved rural and small-town residents, and the majority of the rural and
small-town residents involved in fatal crashes were traveling on rural roads (Blatt
and Furman, 1998).
Furthermore, an analysis by the California Department of Public Health of
California Highway Patrol reports for 1961 showed that traffic accidents injured one
and one-half times as many people per 1,000 population in rural California counties
(under 50,000 people) as in urban counties (over 500,000 people), also persons
injured in rural counties were almost four times as likely to die of their injuries as
those injured in urban counties. Thirty-two per cent of fatalities in rural counties
happened to urban and out-of-state residents, while only 12 per cent of fatalities in
urban counties were to rural or out-of-state residents, suggesting that traffic

accidents to non-residents may place an excessive load upon medical care resources
in rural areas (Waller et. al, 1964).
On Duration of Motorcycle Driving
According to McCart, et. al. (2003), if-reported crash involvements and
citations were examined for each teenagers first year of licensure and first 3500
miles driven. Based on survival analysis, the risk of a first crash during the first
month of licensure (0.053) was substantially higher than during any of the next 11
months (mean risk per month: 0.025). The likelihood of a first citation during the
first month of licensure (0.023) also was higher than during any of the subsequent
11 months (mean risk per month: 0.012). Similarly, when viewed as a function of
cumulative miles driven, the risk of a first crash or citation was highest during the
first 500 miles driven after licensure. Fewer parental restrictions (e.g. no nighttime
curfew) and a lower grade point average (GPA) were associated with a higher crash
risk. Male gender, a lower GPA and living in a rural area were associated with a
higher citation rate.
However, according to the study of Males (2007), he concluded that teenage
drivers are far less dangerous, and the differences between teen and adult drivers
much less extreme, than indicated in the inflamed rhetoric issued by commentator in
media stories and lobbying reports. Preventing teens from driving under realistic
conditions brings more risks later as inexperienced drivers enter the adult driving
world at age 18 or older. It was recommended by the researchers and experts should
adopt higher standards for comparing teen and adult risks commensurate with those
afforded when comparing adult population groups. Therefore, the study implicitly
states that having more experience in driving, the lesser risks of fatal accident than
teen drivers who have lesser years of driving experience.
Overall, the number of years in driving affects the ability of a driver.
Experienced drivers or drivers with longs years of driving can detect hazards better
and faster and react to them immediately, this also implies in doing some connected
tasks as a driver compared to novice drivers or drivers with lesser years of
experience. Teen drivers are novice drivers and need more driving experience to be
able to reduce the risks of fatal accidents.
Moreover, the researchers undertook the study to find out the students
reaction on ordinance, requirements, regulation, management, and problems
encountered that are significantly related to the preventive measures including safety
precautions, driving attitudes, and permission of parents. Hence, from the different
studies and researchers cited, with their shades and tones primarily about
motorcycle, the present study shaped into its final form and substance.
Lastly, on the study of Journal of Safety Research (2003), the comparison
revealed several differences regarding the background factors, attitudes, and driving
style of novice drivers. Most obvious changes in the drivers' background were the
changes in education level (higher today), driver training (more private training
today), and exposure/experience in terms of kilometers (more today).
Conceptual Framework
To illustrate the study, a research paradigm on the Input-Process-Output
Model was used to determine the level of interest and impact of the student s
reaction on submission of motorcycle registration and drivers license of the Senior

High School (SHS) students of Ilocos National High School (ISNHS) is shown
below:
Input Process Output
Personal-related Factors Reaction Preventive

Measures
a. age, a. ordinance, a. safety precaution,
b. sex, b. requirements, b. driving attitude, and
c. duration of motorcycle c. regulations, c. permission of parent?
driving, and d. management, and
d. place of residence? e. problems encountered?
Figure 1: Research Paradigm
The paradigm shows the variables of the study and its relationship with each
other. As shown in figure 1, the input for this study is the personal-related factors of
the students that affects reaction among the students in using motorcycle.
Constituently, this shows the relationship of the reaction and preventive
measures. Moreover, it theorized that the personal related factors of the respondents
and reaction, preventive measures of the grade 11 and grade 12 Academic track of
Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) have a significant relationship with each
other.
Operational Definition of Terms
For better and clear understanding of the study, the following terms were
defined for the purpose of the study.
Reaction. This refers to a person's ability to respond physically and mentally
to external stimuli.
Ordinance. This refers to a law or regulation made by the person who
has the highest position.
Requirements. This is something that is needed.
Regulations. This refers to an official rule or law that says how
something should be done.
Management. This refers to an act or process of deciding how to use
something.
Problems encountered. This refers to a complication that every single
person experience.
Preventive Measures. A factor thing, element, or course involving uncertain
danger, a hazard
Safety precautions. This refers to an action to protect people from
danger.
Driver's attitude. This refers to a driver's feeling or way of thinking
that affects their behavior.
Permission of parents. This refers that it has the authority to allow
their child in going to school.
Personal-related Factors. This are the characteristics peculiar to a person. In
this study, the term includes the following:

Age. This refers to the amount of time where a single individual
lived.
Sex. This refers to the state of being male or female
Duration of motorcycle driving. This refers to the length of time that
students travel to go in school.
Place of residence. This refers to the location where the respondents
lived.
Assumptions
This study was premised on the following assumptions:
1. The reaction and preventive measures of the students in Ilocos Sur
National High School (ISNHS) School Division of Vigan City is
measureable.
2. The areas included in this study are enough bases for a relatively
adequate means of evaluating the reaction and preventive measures of
the students in Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS), Vigan City
Division.
3. The instruments used are valid and reliable.
4. The perceptions of the students toward reaction and preventive measures
are reliable.
Hypothesis
The study is anchored with the following hypotheses:
a. There is a significant relationship among personal-related factors, students
reactions, and preventive measures of Senior High School (SHS) of Ilocos
Sur National High School (ISNHS).

b. There is no significant relationship among personal-related factors, students
reactions, and preventive measures of Senior High School (SHS) of Ilocos
Sur National High School (ISNHS).
Methodology
The methodology presents a detailed description that discusses the scheme of
action, process, or design that informs the methods employed in this study.
A scheme of action is required to attain the goal of answering the question
raised by the researchers. Specifically, it provides a discussion on the context of the
study, the participants, methodology employed, specific methods and data collection
techniques, step-by-step procedures followed, and data analysis techniques.
Research Design. This study utilized descriptive correlational design with
the main objective of generating hypothesis regarding the personal-related factors,
the students reaction on the submission of drivers license and motorcycle
registration and preventive measures of Academic Track Senior High School (SHS)
students of Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS). According to Bates as
mentioned by Bosque (2011) and Gannaban (2014), the descriptive method is one
which is concerned with the conditions or relationships that exist, practices that
prevail, beliefs, points of view or attitudes that are held; processes going on; effects
that are felt; trends that are developing. It involves an element of interpretation of
the meaning or significance of what is described. It is often combined with
comparison and contrast involving measurement, classification, interpretation and
evaluation.
Correlational analysis was used to determine the relationship between the
personal related factors, the students reaction on the submission of drivers license
and motorcycle registration and preventive measures of the Academic Track of
Senior High School (SHS) students of Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS).
Population and Sample. This study involved the Academic Track including:
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy,
Business and Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) and
General Academics (GA) of the Senior High School (SHS) students of Ilocos Sur
National High School (ISNHS), School Year 2018-2019.
Total enumeration of the student drivers was done at the school level for the
SHS students to determine the number of respondents in this study. The distribution
of the summary of the population and sample is presented below:
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Academic Track Population (N) Sample (n)

Grade 11
STEM 19 19
ABM 7 7
HUMSS 16 16
GA 7 7
Grade 12
STEM 20 20
ABM 15 15
HUMSS 14 14
GA 9 9
TOTAL 107 107
Data Gathering Instrument. The main device used by the researchers to
collect the data is a validated survey questionnaire to gather information about the
students reaction on the submission of drivers license and motorcycle registration
by the respondents.
The questionnaire consisted of three parts: Part I, which elicited information
on the sex, age, place of resident and duration of using motorcycle of the
respondents; Part II elicited information regarding the respondents students reaction
on the following aspects: forest ordinance (5 items), requirements (5 items),
regulations (5 items), management (5 items), and problems encountered (5 items)
where a five point scale was used to interpret responses where: 1-strongly disagree,
2-disagree, 3-neutral, 4-agree, 5-strongly agree; and Part III which elicited the
information regarding the respondents preventive measures on the following
aspects: safety precautions (5 items), drivers attitude (5 items), and permission of
parents (5 items). A five-point scale was used to interpret responses in Part III: 1-
strongly disagree, 2-disagree, 3-neutral, 4-agree, 5-strongly agree. The norms for
interpretation for the students reaction and preventive measures of Senior High
School (SHS) students of Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) are shown
below:
For Students Reaction
Range of Mean Ratings Descriptive Interpretation
4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree
3.41-4.20 Agree
2.61-3.40 Neutral
1.81-2.60 Disagree
1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree
For Preventive Measures
4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree
3.41-4.20 Agree
2.61-3.40 Neutral
1.81-2.60 Disagree
1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure. In the conduct of the study, the research
proponents went to the principal of Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) to
request permission and asked for endorsement for the conduct of the study before
administering the questionnaires. In addition, the research proponents asked
permission to the group head of the Academic Track of ISNHS.
The research proponents personally floated the questionnaires to the
respondents when the permission is granted. The researchers also request some of
the homeroom officers of the selected sections of the respondents to assist in
floating and retrieving the questionnaires.
Finally, upon retrieval of the questionnaires the responses were tallied for the
data required. And, the data were treated statistically and were interpreted after.
Statistical Treatment. To grasp the objectives set for the study, the
following statistical tools were used:
Frequency count and percentage distribution. This is used to determine the
profile of the students presently enrolled in the Academic Track of Senior High
School (SHS) of Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS).

Mean. This is used to describe the respondents students reaction and
preventive measures of Senior High School (SHS) students in Ilocos Sur National
High School (ISNHS).
Pearson rxy to determine the significant relationship between personal related
factors and eating habits, food preferences and behavioral patterns of the students in
Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS).

Chapter II
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretations on the data gathered in
the study to answer the research problems raised in the earlier chapter.
Problem 1. What are the personal related factors of the respondents in
terms of the following:
a. age,
b. sex,
c. duration of motorcycle driving, and
d. place of residence?
Profile of the Student Drivers
Table 2 shows the profile of the Senior High School (SHS) students of the
On Age. Majority (33 or 67%) of the grade 11 respondents belong to the age
of 16 and only one (2%) is 18 years old. Meanwhile in grade 12 respondents,
majority (46 or 79%) are at the age of 17 while five (9%) are at the age of 16.
On Sex. In grade 11, majority (37 (76%) of them are males while few (12 or
24%) of them are female. For the grade 12, majority (44 or 76%) are males and few
a little percentage (14 or 24%) are females.
On Duration of Motorcycle Driving. As transpired in the table, the grade
11 student drivers, some 20 (41%) are driving 1 year or less than while few 14
(28%) of them are 4 years. On the part of grade 12, half (29 or 50%) of them are
driving 2-3 years and a little percentage (13 or 22%) are driving 1 year or less than.
Table 2. Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Personal-related Factors
Personal-related Factors Grade11 Grade 12

F % f %
Age
15 3 7.00 - -
16 33 67.00 5 9.00
17 12 24.00 46 79.00
18 1 2.00 7 12.00
TOTAL 49 100.00 58 100.00
Sex
Male 37 76.00 44 76.00
Female 12 24.00 14 24.00
TOTAL 49 100.00 58 100.00
Duration of Motorcycle Driving
1 year or less than 20 41.00 13 22.00
2-3 years 15 31.00 29 50.00
4 years 14 28.00 16 28.00
TOTAL 49 100.00 58 100.00
Place of Residence
Urban 29 59.00 20 34.00
Rural 20 41.00 38 66.00
TOTAL 49 100.00 58 100.00
On Place of Residence. For the grade 11, majority (29 or 59%) reside in
urban areas while some (20 (41%) live in rural areas. On the other hand, grade 12
student driver's, majority (38 or 66%) of them live in rural areas and a great
percentage (20 or 34%) reside in urban areas.
Problem 2. What are the students' reaction on the submission of
motorcycle registration and driver's license on the following?
a. ordinance
b. Requirements
c. regulations,
d. management, and
e. problems encountered?
A. Student s Reaction
The item mean ratings of the Academic Track students in Ilocos Sur National
High School (ISNHS) along ordinance is presented in Table 3.
Table 3. Item Mean Ratings on the Reaction of the Respondents on Submission

of Motorcycle Registration and Driver's License along Ordinance
Grade 11 Grade 12 Overall

Items
DR DR DR
a. There are laws on the registration of
motorcycle. 4.33 SA 4.81 SA 4.57 SA
b. There are information drives
conducted on existing laws about 3.96 A 4.24 SA 4.10 A
registration of all motor vehicle.
c. The laws on the registration and
licensing are implemented. 3.80 A 4.43 SA 4.11 A
d. There is provision of penalties of the
violators on the said laws. 4.02 A 4.60 SA 4.31 SA
e. The laws are enforced for safety to all
motorist. 4.02 A 4.43 SA 4.23 SA
Composite Mean 4.02 A 4.50 SA 4.26 SA
Legend:
4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3.41-4.20 Agree (A)
2.61-3.40 Neutral (N)
1.81-2.60 Disagree (D)
1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree (SD)
.
When taken as a whole, the table reveals that on this area, they assessed an
overall mean rating of 4.26 described as Strongly Agree. Taken singly, the Grade
12 student drivers collectively obtained the highest overall mean 4.50 described as
Strongly Agree while the Grade 11 student drivers obtained the lowest overall
mean rating of 4.02 described as Agree. This reveals that the respondents tend to
have a high view with regards to the items pertaining ordinance. Hence, Senior High
School (SHS) students have high cognitive knowledge which are ordered by the law.
On Grade 11 student drivers, they rated item a, There are laws on the
registration of motorcycle" the highest mean rating of 4.33 described as Strongly
Agree while they evaluated item c, The laws on the registration and licensing are
implemented the lowest mean rating of 3.80 described as Agree.
In addition, Grade 12 students rated item a, There are laws on the
motorcycle registration of motorcycle with the highest mean rating of 4.81
described as Strongly Agree and on item b, There are information drives
conducted on existing laws about registration of all motor vehicle with the lowest
mean of 4.24 interpreted as Strongly Agree.
Among the two (2) groups of respondents, the Grade 12 appraised this area
the highest assessments while the Grade 11 students assessed it the lowest. This
implies that Grade 12 students are more susceptive to the different ordinances than
the Grade 11.
This holds true with the study of Guillen and Ishida (2003) that in most
developing countries, motorcycles are part of the essential mode of transportation. It
assumes that motorcycle-propelled public transport precedes the development of
local public transport policy. Davao City is chosen as the site for the case study
since a wide variation of motorcycle-innovations can be observed.
High School (ISNHS) along requirements is presented in Table 4.
The table clearly manifests that on this area, they appraised an overall mean
4.18 interpreted as Agree. Taken singly, the Grade 12 student drivers collectively
obtained the highest overall mean 4.44 described as Strongly Agree while the
Grade 11 student drivers obtained the lowest overall mean rating of 3.92 described
as Agree. This reveals that the respondents tend to have a normal view with
regards to the items pertaining requirements. Hence, Senior High School (SHS)
students have high level of agreement and knowledge which are required in the
requirements.

of Motorcycle Registration and Driver's License along Requirements

Items
DR DR DR
a. Every person should be at age of 17
years old for them to apply and get their 3.90 A 4.38 SA 4.14 A
student driving permit.
b. Parent/guardian should accompany the
4.22 SA 4.40 SA 4.31 SA
student in getting his/her student license.
c. Motorcycles should be checked by in
authority concerned before registering
4.04 A 4.52 SA 4.28 SA
them in the Land Transportation Office
(LTO).
d. Medical certificate must be issued by a
licensed practicing physician, stating that 3.76 A 4.59 SA 4.18 A
the applicant is physically fit.
e. There are fees that must be paid by the
applicant for them to acquire their student 3.69 A 4.34 SA 4.02 A
permit.
SA A
Composite Mean 3.92 A 4.44 4.18
For Grade 11 student drivers, they rated item b, Parent/guardian should
accompany the student in getting his/her student license" the highest mean rating of
4.22 described as Strongly Agree and they rated item e, There are fees that must
be paid by the applicant for them to acquire their student permit as the lowest mean
rating of 3.69 described as Agree.
Additionally, Grade 12 students assessed item b, Parent/guardian should
accompany the student in getting his/her student license with the highest mean
rating of 4.31 interpreted as Strongly Agree and they appraised item e, There are
fees that must be paid by the applicant for them to acquire their student permit with
the lowest mean of 4.02 interpreted as Agree.
Among the two (2) groups of respondents, the Grade 12 appraised this area
the highest assessments while the Grade 11 students assessed the lowest. This
implies that the requirements given and required by the Land Transportation Office
(LTO) is more acceptable to the Grade 12 students of the Academic Track.
This is supported by Williams (1999) that there are few restrictions on
where, when, and with whom young people can drive once licensed, and thus the
learning period prior to licensing is important. There is substantial variation in pre-
licensure requirements, and many jurisdictions allow a quick and easy route through
the learning phase. Only 30 jurisdictions require that a learner's permit be obtained;
only 11 of these require the permit to be held for a minimum period, ranging from
14 to 90 days.
Presented in Table 5 is the item mean ratings of the Academic Track students
in Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) along regulations.
When taken as a whole, the table reveals that on this area, they rated an
overall mean rating of 3.89 describes as Agree. Taken singly, the Grade 12 student
drivers obtained the highest overall mean rating of 4.06 inferred as Agree while
the Grade 11 student drivers collectively obtained the lowest overall mean rating of
3.73 as inferred Agree. This reveals that the respondents tend to have high view
with regards to the items pertaining to regulations. Hence, Senior High School
(SHS) students have high level cognitive knowledge which are required in the
reaction.

of Motorcycle Registration and Driver's License along Regulations

Items
DR DR DR
a. The registered motorcycle student
drivers practices safety in roads and
3.51 A 3.95 A 3.73 A
highways and accompanied by a
professional driver.
b. Student licensed drivers are
accompanied by a non-professional 3.31 N 3.71 A 3.51 A
licensed driver while driving.
c. Students who are driving motorcycle
without a license must apply a license 4.22 SA 4.64 SA 4.43 SA
as soon as possible.
d. Person with poor eyesight should
3.84 A 3.83 A 3.84 A
have a 20/50 eyeglass while driving.
e. Every student licensed driver renews
3.78 A 4.19 A 3.98 A
their license every year.
Composite Mean 3.73 A 4.06 A 3.89 A
For Grade 11 students and Grade 12 students, they rated item c, Students
who are driving motorcycle without a license must apply a license as soon as
possible with the highest mean ratings of 4.22 and 4.64, respectively. However,
both mean ratings were inferred as Strongly Agree.
Meanwhile, both the Grade 11 students and Grade 12 students rated item b,
Student licensed drivers are accompanied by a non-professional licensed driver
while driving with lowest ratings of 3.31 described as Neutral and 3.71 described
as Agree, respectively.
Among the two (2) groups of respondents, Grade 12 students rated this area
the highest assessment, while grade 11 assessed the lowest. This implies that Grade
12 students are keener in following regulations than the Grade 11.
In fact, there is a proposed bill, Senate Bill 2110 that provides for mandatory
vehicle electronic speed limiters to avoid the increasing incidents of accidents and
fatalities (Senate of the Philippines, 2014).
High School (ISNHS) along management is presented in Table 6.

of Motorcycle Registration and Driver's License along Management

Items
DR DR DR
a. The community helps in encouraging
the youth to get their students permit. 3.57 A 3.88 A 3.73 A
b. The LTO manages the processing and

3.78 A 4.47 SA 4.12 A
licensing of documents.
c. Parents supervise and guide their
children in motorcycle registration and 3.94 A 4.31 SA 4.12 A
driving.
d. The LTO allots one week to the
students to get their student drivers
3.57 A 3.60 A 3.58 A
permit license, before implementing
specific punishments and fines.
e. The schools helps in implementing
and managing the student drivers in
3.67 A 4.09 A 3.88 A
connection to the students safety and
public health.
The table reveals that on this area, they rated an overall mean rating of 3.89
described as Agree. Taken singly, the Grade 12 student drivers obtained the
highest overall mean rating of 4.07 while the Grade 11 student drivers collectively
obtained the lowest overall mean rating of 3.71. Both mean ratings were inferred as
Agree. This reveals that the respondents tend to have high view with regards to the
items pertaining to management. Hence, Senior High School (SHS) students have
high level cognitive knowledge which are required in the reaction.
On Grade 11 students, they rated item c, Parents supervise and guide their
children in motorcycle registration and driving the highest mean rating of 3.94
inferred as Agree. On the other hand, the Grade 11 students rated item a and d,
The community helps in encouraging the youth to get their students permit and
The LTO allots one week to the students to get their student drivers permit license,
before implementing specific punishments and fines with the lowest mean ratings
of 3.57 each and is inferred as Agree.
In addition, the Grade 12 students rated item b, The LTO manages the
processing and licensing of documents the highest mean rating of 4.47 inferred as
Strongly Agree. Meanwhile, they rated item d, The LTO allots one week to the
students to get their student drivers permit license, before implementing specific
punishments and fines the lowest mean rating of 3.60 inferred Agree.
Among the two (2) groups of respondents, grade 12 students rated this area
the highest assessment, while grade 11 assessed the lowest. This implies that Grade
12 students are more cooperative and gives more understanding along management
than the Grade 11.
This conforms to the present findings that traditional forms of driver
licensing and driver education have not worked. Programs involving parents and
police have shown some potential to increase compliance with graduated licensing
restrictions The most promising intervention strategy is likely to be a coordinated
community based program in states with strong foundation, involving modern
education and training techniques and well publicized enforcement and education
programs featuring parents and police in combination, with as much input and
participation as possible from the target group of young drivers Williams (2006).
High School (ISNHS) along problems encountered is presented in Table 7.


of Motorcycle Registration and Driver's License along Problems Encountered
Items
DR DR DR
a. The LTO allots a certain number for
motorcycle registration. 4.00 A 3.90 A 3.95 A
b. The LTO through print and broadcast

media is disseminating information about 3.80 A 4.02 A 3.91 A
wearing safety gears while driving.
c. Students go to LTO early for the

registration of motorcycle is observed. 3.80 A 3.81 A 3.80 A
d. Students who are driving without their
license and without supervision is 3.82 A 4.26 SA 4.04 A
punished by authorized personnel.
e. Equipment and materials are limited
for smoke test and other related tests 3.51 A 3.97 A 3.74 A
needed.
When taken as a whole, the table discloses that on this area, they rated an
overall mean rating of 3.88 interpreted as "Agree". Taken singly, the Grade 12
drivers obtained the highest mean of 3.99 inferred as "Agree while the Grade 11
student drivers collectively obtained the lowest overall mean of 3.78 described as
Agree. This reveals that the respondents tend to have high view with regards to the
items pertaining to management. Hence, Senior High School (SHS) students have
high level cognitive knowledge about the problems encountered.
On Grade 11 student driver's, they rated item a, "The LTO allots a certain
number for motorcycle registration" the highest mean rating of 4.00 described as
"Agree" and they assessed item e, "Equipment and materials are limited for smoke
test and other related tests needed" the lowest mean rating of 3.51 which is
described as "Agree".
In addition, Grade 12 student rated item d, "Students who are driving without
their license and without supervision is punished by authorized personnel" the
highest mean rating of 4.26 described as "Strongly Agree" while they rated item c,
"Students go to LTO early for the registration of motorcycle is observed" the lowest
mean rating of 3.80 interpreted as "Agree". This means that the respondents give
more space and are open to the different improvement solution to the problems they
have encountered during the implementation and registration of motorcycle and
acquisition of drivers license.
This holds true with the findings of Johnson and Adebayo (2011) that there is
a significant increase in compliance to road safety signs was recorded among
motorcyclists in the intervention group after safety education. All motorcyclists
should therefore be given education on road safety signs as this will improve
compliance and lead to safer road use among them.
Problem 3. What are the preventive measures on the submission of
driver's license and motorcycle registration:
a. safety precautions,
b. driver's attitude, and
c. permission of parents?
B. Safety Precautions
Presented in Table 8 is the item mean ratings of the preventive measures of
the Academic Track student drivers in Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS)
along safety precautions.
Table 8. Item Mean Ratings on the Reaction of the Respondents on Preventive

Measures along Safety Precautions

Items
DR DR DR
a. The government advises drivers to
wear their safety gears. 4.14 A 4.50 SA 4.32 SA
b. The community ensures that every
motorcycle driver in their place is
4.18 A 3.89 A 4.03 A
knowledgeable about the safety
precautions before driving.
c. The LTO is cooperating with the police
to supervise the safety of the drivers. 4.04 A 4.50 SA 4.27 SA
d. Staying the night and not driving after
a gathering/party is the best action to do 3.79 A 4.17 A 3.98 A
e. Drivers should travel only if it is
allowed by a guardian or the parents. 3.87 A 4.05 A 3.96 A
Composite Mean 4.00 A 4.22 SA 4.11 A
overall mean rating of 4.11 describes as Agree. Taken singly, Grade 12 tends to
have the highest overall assessment of 4.22 interpreted as Agree and the Grade 11
students have the lowest assessment of 4.00 inferred as "Agree". Hence, Senior High
School (SHS) students have high level cognitive awareness and participation along
safety precautions.
On Grade 11 respondents, they rated item b, "The community ensures that
every motorcycle driver in their place is knowledgeable about the safety precautions
before driving" the highest mean rating 4.18 described as "Agree". Moreover, they
evaluated item e, "Driver's should travel only if it is allowed by a guardian or the
parents" the lowest mean rating of 3.87 which described as "Agree".
On Grade 12 student drivers, they appraised item a, "The government
advises drivers to wear their safety gears" and item c, "The LTO is cooperating with
the police to supervise the safety of the drivers" the highest mean rating 4.50
described as "Strongly Agree". Meanwhile, they evaluated item b, "The community

ensures that every motorcycle driver in their place is knowledgeable about the safety
precautions before driving" the lowest mean rating 3.89 described as "Agree".
Among the two (2) groups of respondents, the Grade 12 students appraised
this area the highest assessment while the Grade 11 students assessed the lowest.
This implies that grade 12 students are more aware and are ardent on practicing
safety precautions while driving.
Accordingly, helmets are one of the most effective pieces of equipment in
reducing the severity of injuries. This study aims to capture the concept of
community participation as a means of increasing the rate of helmet use, and to
identify economic, social, and environmental factors that affect the helmet usage of
people at the local level. As a result of this community participation project in the
study area, this survey has found an increase of 13.23% in the rates of helmet usage
(Ratanavaraha and Jomnonhwao, 2012).
High School (ISNHS) along drivers attitude is presented in Table 9.
The table reveals that on this area, they assessed an overall mean rating of
4.07 described as Agree. Taken singly, the Grade 12 students tends to have the
highest assessment of 4.17 interpreted as Agree and the Grade 11 students have
the lowest assessment of 3.97 interpreted as Agree. This reveals that the
respondents tend to have high views with regard to the items pertaining to drivers
attitude. Hence, Senior High School (SHS) students have high level cognitive
knowledge which are required their driving attitudes.

Measures along driver s attitude

Items
DR DR DR
a. The students who will commit over
3.89 A 4.12 A 4.00 A
speeding is punishable by law.
b. The students who drives after drinking
3.97 A 4.32 SA 4.14 A
is against the law.
c. Drivers avoid to be distracted of any
3.95 A 4.48 SA 4.21 SA
kinds of sorts while driving.
d. Listening to loud music while driving
prevents them from hearing horns from 4.20 A 4.24 SA 4.22 SA
larger vehicles.
e. Back rides should be avoided as much
3.85 A 3.72 A 3.78 A
as possible by the student drivers.
In addition, the Grade 11 students rated item d, Listening to loud music
while driving prevents them from hearing horns from larger vehicles with the
highest mean rating of 4.20 described as Agree while they assessed item e, Back
rides should be avoided as much as possible by the student drivers the lowest mean
rating of 3.72 described as Agree.
Moreover, the Grade 12 also evaluated item c, Drivers avoid to be
distracted of any kinds of sorts while driving the highest mean rating of 4.48
described as Strongly Agree while they assessed item e, Back rides should be
avoided as much as possible by the student drivers the lowest mean rating of 3.72
interpreted as Agree.
Among the two (2) groups of respondents, grade 12 students appraised this
area the highest assessment while the grade 11 students assessed the lowest. This
implies that grade 12 students are the most knowledgeable about their attitudes.
The study Attitudes towards traffic safety, driving behavior and accident
involvement among the Norwegian public aimed to identify determinants of risk
behavior and accident involvement in traffic. The results showed that attitudes
towards traffic safety in risk behavior in traffic, especially attitudes towards rule
violations and speeding. Risk behavior had an effect on involvement in near
accidents. Variations in attitudes and risk behavior were related to age and gender
(Iversen and Rundmo, 2011).
High School (ISNHS) along parents permission is presented in Table 10.
Measures along Parents Permission
Items
DR DR DR
a. Parents are aware of the registration of
4.18 A 4.41 SA 4.29 SA
their childrens motorcycle.
b. The guardians/parents give permission
to their child to drive in going to different 3.91 A 4.18 A 4.04 A
places.
c. The guardians/parents accompany the
3.83 A 3.67 A 3.75 A
students while driving.
d. Parents are aware of why their children
use their motorcycle and where they are 3.91 A 4.32 SA 4.11 A
going.
e. Parents/guardians always remind safety
precautions to their children while driving. 4.02 A 4.39 SA 4.20 A
overall mean rating of 4.08 interpreted as Agree. Taken singly, the Grade 12
students tends to have the highest assessments of 4.20 inferred as Agree while
Grade 11 students have the lowest assessments of 3.97 which described as Agree .
This implies that they consider the decisions of their parents and ask for their
permission before they register their motorcycles and consider the advice of their
parents of applying for a student drivers license.

On Grade 11 and 12 students, they rated item a, Parents are aware of the
registration of their childrens motorcycle the highest mean rating of 4.18 and 4.41
described as Agree and Strongly Agree, respectively. On the other hand, they
appraised item c, The guardians/parents accompany the students while driving the
lowest mean rating of 3.83 and 3.67 described as Agree.
Among the two (2) groups of respondents, Grade 12 students assessed this
area the highest assessment while Grade 11 students evaluate the lowest. This
implies that grade 12 students are the most considerate along permission to parents.
According to the study of Journal of Safety Research (2006), there is limited
information about how parents view teen driving risks and intend to handle these
risks during the licensing process. Generally, parents were well aware of teen
driving risks, thought parents should be thoroughly involved in the licensing
process, and plan to be active participants themselves. Parents were concerned about
the risk of driving after midnight and already restrict that behavior. However,
parents do not seem to see or understand the risks of having even one teen passenger
in the vehicle.
Additionally, McCartt (2007) stated the differences in ages of obtaining
learners permits and licenses reflected different licensing laws, but most teenagers
obtained permits within the first few months after they became eligible. Among the
parents interviewed, 3349% believed the minimum licensure age should be 17 or
older. Almost all parents planned to supervise teenagers driving after licensure, and
most wanted to know about speeding or distractions.
Problem 4. Is there a significant relationship between the personal-
related factors of the Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior High School students and
the following variables?
a. students reaction, and
b. preventive measure?
Relationship between Personal-related Factors and Students Reaction
Table 11 shows the personal-related factors which are correlated with the
reaction of the Grade 11 and 12 Senior High School (SHS) students of Ilocos Sur
National High School (ISNHS).
Table 11. Correlation Coefficient between Personal-related Factors and

Students Reaction
Reaction
Personal-related factors Problems
Ordinance Requirements Regulation Management
Encountered
Age .063 .150 .048 .050 .074
Sex -.039 -.179 -.057 .038 -.115
Duration of driving
motorcycle .258** .012 .013 .005 -.029
Place of Residence .201* .199* .280** .303** .201*
Legend:
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
The table clearly manifests that as a whole, the personal-related factors of the
Grade 11 and 12 Senior High School (SHS) students are not significantly correlated
with their reaction. Taken singly, however, ordinance is significantly correlated
particularly with duration of motorcycle driving (rxy = .258) and place of residence
(rxy = .201). This implies that the years of their experience in motorcycle driving has
a significant effect on how they view and follow the different ordinances, the
respondents who are driving for less than 4 years are more susceptive and sees the
ordinances in a more positive way.
Moreover, requirements, regulation, management and problems encountered

is correlated significantly with place of residence (rxy = .199), (rxy = .280), (rxy = .303)
and (rxy = .201). This means that the respondents place of residence of the
respondents whether rural or urban is a factor in the following regulations and
seeing that they meet the requirements needed for them to register their motorcycles
and apply for their student license or permit.
According to the study of Nasongo (2015) it is stated that, on level of
awareness of government policy and regulations, less than half knew the required
license needed for one to ride a motorcycle, majority could not mention the specific
government Act regulating their operations. On the level of compliance with road
safety regulations, over 80% of them acquired riding skills informally from their
fellow operators, less than half were tested by traffic police in driving and issued
with licenses. On riding habits most operators over speed and overloaded their
bikes. The use of head lights and protective gears among operators was low. One
key recommendation from the study is the need to enforce the existing government
rules and regulations without fail by government agencies. In addition, proper
training and testing of operators before issuing them with licenses will help reduce
road accidents.
Relationship between Personal-related Factors and Preventive Measures
Table 12 shows the personal-related factors which are correlated with the
preventive measures of the Grade 11 and 12 Senior High School (SHS) students of
Table 12. Correlation Coefficient between Personal-related Factors and

Preventive Measures
Personal-related Preventive Measures
Permission of
factors Safety Precautions Driver s Attitude
Parents
Age .131 -.016 .048
Sex -.053 -.080 .096
Duration of Driving
Motorcycle .073 .031 -.051
Place of Residence .267** .135 .201*
The table clearly manifests that as a whole, the personal-related factors of the
Grade 11 and 12 Senior High School (SHS) students are not significantly correlated
with their preventive measures. Taken individually, however, safety precautions is
significantly correlated particularly with place of residence (rxy = .267). This implies
that the environment of where they live is an important factor on how they take
safety precaution in driving their motorcycles and on how they react with the default
and most basic safety precautions that their community or the people around them
are implementing or suggesting after getting their own student license and
registration of their motorcycles.
In addition, permission of parents is significantly correlated particularly with
the place of residence (rxy = .201). This implies that the permission of their parents in
terms of driving and registration of their motorcycles and acquiring their students
license is an important influence and factor on and on how they handle different
preventive measures to different problems. Moreover, parents are monitoring the
activities and decisions of their child regarding the students are getting hold of their
student license and registration of their motorcycles.
According to the study of Charlton (2006) a survey of self-regulatory driving
practices of 656 drivers aged 55 years and older. Types and prevalence of self-
regulatory behaviors were examined and key characteristics of self-regulators were

identified. Overall, the majority of drivers reported being very confident in
potentially difficult driving situations and relatively few avoided these situations.
The most commonly avoided situations were driving at night (25%), on wet nights
(26%) and in busy traffic (22%). There was a strong association between drivers
avoidance of and confidence in specific driving situations (e.g. night driving) and
ratings of relevant functional abilities (e.g. vision for night driving. Implications for
promotion of safe driving practices are discussed.
Additionally, Morton and Quimet (2006) stated in their study that a partial
solution to this dilemma is to encourage novice teens to drive, but only under less
dangerous driving conditions. Crash risks are particularly high for teen drivers under
certain conditions, and substantial improvements in teen driver safety can be
obtained by restricting the conditions under which they drive. A number of
observational studies have examined aspects of parent management and its effects
on novice teen independent driving. In general, the research indicates that most
parents place at least modest restrictions on driving by newly licensed teens, but that
these limits tend not to be very strict and not to last very long. Nevertheless, the
research is quite clear that risky driving, traffic violations, and crashes are lower
among teens whose parents apply restrictions.
Chapter III
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the study, the salient findings,
conclusions, and recommendations.
Summary
This study aimed to assess the student's reaction on submission of
motorcycle registration and driver's license along the following (1) personal-related
factors (2) student's reaction on submission of motorcycle registration and driver's
license (3) preventive measures.
The personal-related factors were limited to age, sex, duration of motorcycle
driving, and place of residence.
The respondents of the study were randomly selected among the Academic
Track students of Ilocos Sur National High School (ISNHS) for the school year
2018-2019. This study also involved a total enumeration of the Senior High School
(SHS) Academic track students.
The descriptive correlational method of research was employed to gather the
needed for the study. The data gathered in the study was analyzed through the use of
the following statistical tools: frequency count, percentage, weighted mean and
simple linear correlational analysis.
Findings
Based on the data generated and analyzed, the following are the salient
findings of the study:
1. On Personal-related Factors
On Age. Majority (33 or 67%) of the grade 11 respondents belong to the age
of 16. On part of the grade 12, majority (46 or 79%) of them belong to the age of 17.
On Sex. As gleaned in the table, majority (37 or 76%) of the grade 11
respondents are males. On the part of the grade 12, majority (44 or 756%) are males.
On Duration of Motorcycle Driving. A great percentage (20 or 41%) of the
grade 11 are driving 1 year or less than while half (29 or 50%) of the grade 12 are
driving 2-3 years.
On Place of Residence. Majority (29 or 59%) of the grade 11 reside in urban
areas. Meanwhile, a great majority (38 or 66%) of the grade 12 respondents live in
rural areas.
2. On Student's Reaction on Submission of Motorcycle Registration and
Driver s License
On Ordinance. The overall mean rating of the respondents on their reaction
on submission of motorcycle registration and driver's license along ordinance is 4.26
which is described as Strongly agree.
On Requirements. The overall mean rating of the respondents along
requirements is 4.18 interpreted as Agree.
On Regulations. The two groups of respondents collectively rated the items
along regulations with 3.89 which is described as Agree.
On Management. The weighted mean rating of the respondents along
management is 3.89 which is interpreted as Agree.
On Problems Encountered. The overall mean rating of the respondents
along problems encountered is 3.88 which is described as Agree.

3. On Preventive Measures
On Safety Precautions. The respondents collectively rated the items along
the safety precautions is 4.11 which is interpreted as Agree.
On Driver's Attitude. The weighted mean rating of the respondents along the
preventive measure on drivers attitude is 4.0 described as Agree.
On Permission of Parents. The overall mean rating of the respondents along
permission of parents is 4.08 which is described as Agree.
4. Significant Relationship between Personal-related Factors and Preventive
Measures
On Student s Reaction. The table clearly manifests that as a whole, the
personal-related factors of the Grade 11 and 12 Senior High School (SHS) students
are not significantly correlated with their reaction. Taken singly, however, ordinance
is significantly correlated particularly with duration of motorcycle driving (r xy = .258)
and place of residence (rxy = .201).
On Preventive Measures. The table clearly manifests that as a whole, the
personal-related factors of the Grade 11 and 12 Senior High School (SHS) students
are not significantly correlated with their preventive measures. Taken individually,
however, safety precautions is significantly correlated particularly with place of
residence (rxy = .267).
Conclusion
After cautious analysis and interpretation of data, the following conclusions
are hereby presented:

1. On personal-related factors, the Grade 11 and Grade 12 of Senior High
School (SHS) student drivers were dominated by males, with an age of 17 years old,
already experienced drivers and live both in rural and urban areas.
2. The respondents have agreed to have observed the following laws as they
are implemented in their area and they also agree that these laws ensure their safety
as young drivers. The respondents have high views in terms of registration of
motorcycles and also cooperates by applying for their student license.
3. The requirements needed for the registration of motorcycles and drivers
license is necessary and accepted by the respondents. Requirements guarantee that
the applicants are recognized as ready and proper in a new stage of their lives.
4. The students have high view with regards to the items pertaining to
management. They have observed the Land Transportation Office is coordinating
with the barangays and the police . The respondents also agree that they also notice
the different school try to cooperate and implementing and managing the student
drivers in connection to the students safety and public health.
5. The attitudes of the respondents regarding safety precaution matters are
open and controlled, as it is a matter of safety of the driver himself and the others
too. The respondents are partaking in practicing safety measures and precautions
while driving to prevent encountering dangerous problems.
6. The personal-related factors yielded no significant relationship with the
students reaction on the submission of motorcycle registration and drivers license.
Meanwhile, along ordinance, requirement, regulation, management and problems
encountered, place of residence and duration of motorcycle driving bear a
significant effect on their level of awareness and compliance.

7. The personal-related factors yielded no significant relationship with the
students reaction on the preventive measures. While on the other hand, along safety
precautions and permission of parents, place of residence bears a significant effect
on their level of awareness and compliance.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations are sent for
consideration:
1. The newly registered students that have their drivers license should attend
seminars for them to be aware of the city ordinances.
2. The local government should propose ways to lessen the negative effects of
the increasing number of registered motorcycle and the City Traffic
Management division to look for alternative ways to ease the problems
encountered during the registration and application process of motorcycle
registration and drivers license.
3. Amend current laws to specify that all persons shall wear a Department of
Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 218-compliant
motorcycle helmet while riding (operating), or as a passenger on any
motorcycle.
4. There is a necessity for all the vehicle drivers in the City of Vigan to
regularly attend seminars and training programs conducted by the City
Council not only for compliance but to acquire sample knowledge and
understanding with regards to the existing laws or ordinances for
familiarization to mitigate the possibility of getting caught by the authorities
which then obliged to confront the punishments or amendments.

5. The presence of a serious cooperation with the authorities in different sectors
to have a formal guideline on how to establish better implementations of the
rules and regulations of motorcycle registration and drivers license and for
the betterment of the registration process or transportation in general.
6. For further researches, it is recommended that other researchers should
conduct the research with a wider range of respondents to generalize the
results. It is a subject that needs further researches to know the many
underlying factors of transportation industry.
7. Further researchers should consider looking into other variables which were
not included in the study.
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APPENDICES
Appendix A
Letter of Request
Appendix B
Letter to Validators
Appendix C
Content Validation
Perceptions Validator Validator Validator Mean

1 2 3 Rating
1. The items adequately represent 5 4 5 4.50

the dimensions of the students
reaction on the submission of
drivers license and motorcycle
registration.
2. The items are appropriate for the 5 5 5 5.00
comprehension levels of the
chosen Grade 11 and 12 students
drivers.
3. The items are clearly stated, 4 5 5 4.50
specific, organize and
appropriate for the vocabulary
level of the target respondents.
Appendix D
Appendix E
Letter to Respondents
Appendix F
QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE STUDENTS REACTION ON THE
SUBMISSION OF MOTORCYCLE REGISTRATION AND
DRIVER S LICENSE
Part I. RESPONDENTS PERSONAL PROFILE

Direction: Please fill out the information asked on the space provided. Kindly put a
check (/) mark on appropriate space provided to answer the following queries about
your personal related profile.
Name (optional):
Age: ______
Sex: ____ Male _____ Female
Duration of motorcycle driving: _____ 1 year or less than _____ 2 to 3 years
_____ 4 years or above
Place of residence: _____Rural _____ Urban
Part II. QUESTIONNAIRE PROPER

This instrument is deigned to determine their level of reaction on the
submission of motorcycle registration and drivers license. Your level of reaction on
the submission of motorcycle registration and drivers license are evaluated on the
following descriptive scale:
5 - Strongly Agree
4 - Agree
3 - Neutral
2 - Disagree
1 - Strongly Disagree
A. SUBMISSION OF MOTORCYLE REGISTRATION AND DRIVERS
LICENSE
Below are statements that determine your thoughts, feelings and actions
about motorcycle registration and drivers license. Please putting a check mark (/) to
reflect your opinions as accurately as possible.
ITEMS 5 4 3 2 1
1. Ordinance
a. There are laws on the registration of
motorcycle.
b. There are information drives conducted on
existing laws about registration of all motor
vehicle.
c. The laws on the registration and licensing are
implemented.
d. There is provision of penalties of the violators
on the said laws.
e. The laws are enforced for safety to all
motorist.
2. Requirements
a. Every person should be at age of 17 years old
for them to apply and get their student driving

permit.
b. Parent/guardian should accompany the student
in getting his/her student license.
c. Motorcycles should be checked by in
authority concerned before registering them in
the Land Transportation Office (LTO).
d. Medical certificate must be issued by a
licensed practicing physician, stating that the
applicant is physically fit.
e. There are fees that must be paid by the
applicant for them to acquire their student
permit.
3. Regulations
a. The registered motorcycle student drivers
practices safety in roads and highways and
accompanied by a professional driver.
b. Student licensed drivers are accompanied by a
non-professional licensed driver while driving.
c. Students who are driving motorcycle without a
license must apply a license as soon as
possible.
d. Person with poor eyesight should have a
20/50 eyeglass while driving.
e. Every student licensed driver renews their
license every year.
4. Management
a. The community helps in encouraging the
youth to get their students permit.
b. The LTO manages the processing and
licensing of documents.
c. Parents supervise and guide their children in
motorcycle registration and driving.
d. The LTO allots one week to the students to get
their student drivers permit license, before
implementing specific punishments and fines.
e. The schools help in implementing and
managing the student drivers in connection to
the students safety and public health.
5. Problems Encountered
a. The LTO allots a certain number for
motorcycle registration.
b. The LTO through print and broadcast media is
disseminating information about wearing
safety gears while driving.
c. Students go to LTO early for the registration
of motorcycle is observed.
d. Students who are driving without their license
and without supervision is punished by
authorized personnel.
e. Equipment and materials are limited for
smoke test and other related tests needed.
B. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Below are statements please putting a check mark (/).
ITEMS 5 4 3 2 1
1. Safety Precautions
a. The government advises drivers to wear their
safety gears.
b. The community ensures that every motorcycle
driver in their place is knowledgeable about
the safety precautions before driving.
c. The LTO is cooperating with the police to
supervise the safety of the drivers.
d. Staying the night and not driving after a
gathering/party is the best action to do
e. Drivers should travel only if it is allowed by a
guardian or the parents.
2. Drivers Attitude
a. The students who will commit over speeding
is punishable by law.
b. The students who drives after drinking is
against the law.
c. Drivers avoid to be distracted of any kinds of
sorts while driving.
d. Listening to loud music while driving prevents
them from hearing horns from larger vehicles.
e. Back rides should be avoided as much as
possible by the student drivers.
3. Permission of Parents
a. Parents are aware of the registration of their
childrens motorcycle.
b. The guardians/parents give permission to their
child to drive in going to different places.
c. The guardians/parents accompany the students
while driving.
d. Parents are aware of why their children use
their motorcycle and where they are going.
e. Parents/guardians always remind safety
precautions to their children while driving.
CURRICULUM VITAE
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Profile
Name : SAMANTHA PATRICIA A. ASISTIN
Permanent Address : Ayusan Norte, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
Date of Birth : August 04, 2001
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Parents : Mr. Frederick D. Asistin
Mrs. Krejielyn Soledad A. Asistin
Educational Background
Elementary : Ayusan-Paoa Elementary School

Paoa, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
(2007-2013)
Secondary
Junior High School : Ilocos Sur National High School

Gomez Street, Barangay VII, Vigan City
(2013-2017)
Senior High School : Ilocos Sur National High School

(2017-2019)
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Profile
Name : JERICO T. PADRE
Permanent Address : Sagneb, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Date of Birth : January 25, 2001
Parents : Mr. Florante A. Padre Jr.
Mrs. Nora T. Padre
Elementary : Cabusligan Quimmarayan Elementary School

Quimmarayan, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
(2007-2013)
Secondary
Junior High School : Belen National High School

Belen, San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur
(2013-2017)

(2017-2019)
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Profile
Name : KAYLE IRISH A. PURUGGANAN
Permanent Address : #98 San Julian Norte, Vigan City
Date of Birth : September 27, 2000
Parents : Mr. Flor Purugganan
Mrs. Maria Teresita Purugganan
Elementary : Saint Paul College of Ilocos Sur

Bantay Ilocos Sur
2007-2013
Secondary :

Gomez St., Brgy. VII, Vigan City
2013-2017

(2017-2019)
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Profile
Name : KRISTINE KAYE P. TABIOS
Permanent Address : Padu Grande, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur
Date of Birth : December 28, 2000
Parents : Mr. Neil G. Tabios
Mrs. Nida P. Tabios
Elementary : Binalayangan Elementary School

Binalayangan, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur
(2007-2013)
Secondary
(2013-2017)

(2017-2019)

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ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL  SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 75

Transport is an important element in development and it affords the social,

Hensher, 2001). Nowadays, students are now riding a motorcycle to go to their

accidents and most of them are all minors.

The motorcycle is much more than a means of transportation; it is a symbol

Additionally, Wasef (2017) explained that riding is something most people

camaraderie, escape and adventure.

Commercial motorcycles offer certain transport advantages in the form of

easy maneuverability, ability to travel on poor roads, and demand responsiveness.

and greenhouse gas emissions (Ajar, 2011).

UK (1999 data) in which either a motorcycle or car was involved in a head on

object in the same way).

identification to prove identity and age, completed student drivers license

application form and a fee of P317.63 to be paid in the LTO office.

In 2004, according to statistics of United States Department of

Transportation (DOTr), everything has advantages and disadvantages. However,

there is a huge responsibility that goes along with having a license.

officially on the road (Jones, 2018).

license also serves as identification, a drivers license is the most commonly

The research question is stated hypothetically and it then leads to a research

different ways where it can be explained different outcomes under different

elaborates the present knowledge known today

Statement of the Problem

This study assessed the reaction of student on the submission of driver s

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

motorcycle registration along the following:

and motorcycle registration along the following:

Scope and Delimitation

factors in the student drivers license acquisition. Correlational analysis between

components were also considered.

The personal-related factors were limited to age, sex, duration of motorcycle

student-motorcycle drivers of the SHS-ISNHS of the Schools Division of Vigan

The descriptive correlational method of research was employed. The

from several sources.

requirements, management of student permit and motorcycle registration, problems

encountered, precautionary measures, cautions, drivers attitude and the profile of

the respondents are included.

According to the Town of Castle Rock Colorado, ordinances generally

govern matters not already covered by state or federal laws. An ordinance is

adopted, the ordinance becomes an established law. In addition, it is a law enacted

by a municipal body, such as a city council or county commission (sometimes called

county council or county board of supervisors). Ordinances govern matters not

regulations (Lectric Law Library's Lexicon, 2018).

On February 6, 1912, Legislative Act No. 2159 was enacted to regulate

motor vehicles and drivers services (Land Transportation Office, 1988).

LTO Central Office on matters of registration of motor vehicles, issuance of driver's

licenses and enforcement of land transportation laws, rules and regulations.

A drivers license is a permit issued to us by the Philippine government

Requirements are defined by the Websters New World College Dictionary in

2010 that it is something required; something obligatory or demanded, as a

condition. Moreover, it is defined as a quality or qualification that you must have in

order to be allowed to do something or to be suitable for something. Its products met

all legal requirements (Cobuild Advance Dictionary). Statutory requirements are

engaging in a certain activity (Business Dictionary, 2018).

without risk to health.

authenticated by National Statistics Office (NSO), If below eighteen (18) years of

consenting parent/guardian and Medical Certificate issued by any licensed

operate a motor vehicle or otherwise stating his/her impairment. In addition, for

in the Philippines, present original and photocopy of birth certificate duly

authenticated by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

Birth Certificates is a form of printed material that is needed to prove your

attention, knowledge, or skill necessary to safely operate a motor vehicle, is a

ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 75

identification to prove identity and age, completed student drivers license

license also serves as identification, a drivers license is the most commonly

This study assessed the reaction of student on the submission of driver s

factors in the student drivers license acquisition. Correlational analysis between

encountered, precautionary measures, cautions, drivers attitude and the profile of

motor vehicles and drivers services (Land Transportation Office, 1988).

A drivers license is a permit issued to us by the Philippine government

Requirements are defined by the Websters New World College Dictionary in

convenient for the public (Camus, 2015).

LTOs move in 2014 to centralize registration procedure in regional offices- giving

daring adventure, or nothing

The State of Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads (2018),

for confounders. Two measures of injury severityurgency of treatment and length

of hospital staywere examined by SES. Results of multivariable analysis showed