Professional Documents
Culture Documents
adverse
c effects that have occurred occasionally factors II,VII, IX, and X.
includec hypotension, dyspnea, paraesthesias, Vitamin Ñ compounds are used in the
headache,
c nausea and vomiting, and leg cramps. treatment and prevention of hemorrhage associated
c
extreme caution during with vitamin Ñ deficiency.
anaesthesia
c with cyclopropane, halothane, and other ?
pronounced allergic diathesis,
volatile
c anaesthetics. Beta-blockers. Infants <1yr
c
discontinue drug, support
hypotension, cyanosis, headache,
circulation.
c dizziness,pruritic erythmatous plaques at IM
c c injection site, rash, uticaria. Hyperbilirubinemia,
c c including kernicterus, in newborns. Anaphylactoid
Ôicumarol and derivatives.
c c
c
(Ôipenhydramide cont)
c
?
hypersensitivity to anti-
c
Ôrugmaker·s Biotech
Ôiphephydramine, Nebrecon histamines; narrow-angled glaucoma; stenosing
c
peptic ulcer; symptomatic prostatic hyperthrophy;
c acts on blood vessels, GI, respiratory asthmatic attack; bladder neck obstruction
system
c by antagonizing the effects of histamine for
H1-receptor site; decreases allergic response by
Orthostatic hypotension;
c
blocking histamine; causes increased heart rate, palpitations; bradycardia; tachycardia;
c
vasodilation, secretions; Significant CNS depressant extrasystoles; faintness; drowsiness; sedation;
c dizziness; disturbed coordination. Nasal stuffiness;
and anti-cholinergic properties.
c dry mouth; nose and throat; sore throat.
it is used for the symptomatic relief of
c
allergic conditions including uticaria and angioedema,
Central Nervous System (CNS)
c depressants including alcohol, bartiburates,
rhinitis and conjunctivitis, and in pruritic skin
c hypotonics, oploid analgesics, anxiolytic sedatives,
disorders. It is also used for its antiemetic
c
properties in the properties in the treatment of and antipsychotics.
c and vomiting, particularly in the prevention
nausea
and treatment
c of motion sickness when it should be
givenc at least 30 mins before travelling, and in the
treatment of vertigo of various causes c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c (Epinephrine cont)
^
c
cardiac arrhythmias, excessive
adrenaline
c hypertension, palpitations, dysrythmias, anginal pain
c
Hizon Epinephrine in predisposed patients, flushing. Nervousness,
c tremors, vertigo, pain, headache, dizziness,
stimulates both alpha and beta-receptors
weakness, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, drowsiness,
within csympathetic nervous system that relaxes
confusion, hallucination, agitation, altered state of
bronchial
c smooth muscle.
perception and thought, psychosis. Nausea, vomiting,
c
treatment and prophylaxis of transitory anorexia. Bronchial and pulmonary edema, dyspnea.
c
atrioventicular block, treatment of Adam-Stokes
may increase risk of ventricular
c
syndrome, treatment of hay fever, relief of
arrhythmias with cardiac glycosides and general
bronchial
c asthma, treatment of syncope caused by
anesthetics.
heart block
c of carotid sinus hypersensitivity.
c
?
c Angleclosure glaucoma, shock
c
(other c than anaphylactic), organic heart and brain
c
disease,
c cardiac dilations, arrhythmias,coronary
c
insufficiency,
c
or cerebral arteriosclerosis. For local
anaesthesia of fingers, nose, ears, genitalia.
c
Hypersensitive to sympathomimetic amines.
c
c
c
c c
c
Xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary
scolopomine
c retention. When administered IV, visual
Ascopen,
c
Buscopan accommodation disturbances, dizziness,
inhibits
c acethylcoline at receptor sites in agranulocytosis, pancytopenia, and bronchospasm.
autonomic
c nervous system, which controls
TCAÔ·s, antihistamines,
secretions
c free acids in stomach; blocks central quinidine, amantadine, and disopyramide, beta-
muscarinic receptors, which decreases involuntary adregenic agents. Ôopamine antagonists.
c
movements.
c
c Acute GI, biliary and genitourinary
c
spasms, include biliary and renal colic,
c
c
dysmenorrheal. Parenterally also as an aid in
c
diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, e.g. c
c
gastroduodenal endoscopy, radiology. c
c
?
Myasthenia gravis, megacolon
c
hypersensitivity. Parenteral glaucoma, hypertrophy
c
of the prostate with urinary retention, mechanical
c
stenosis of GIT, tachycardia.
c
c
c
c c
c
[
c (Furosemide cont)
c
Aminoglycosides, cisplatin,
Lasix, Pharmix, Piplen
c digitalis glycosides, lithium, NSAIÔS, phenytoin,
inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption at salicylates, thiazides diuretics.
c
the proximal tubules, distal tubules, and ascending
c c
loop of Henley leading to excretion of water
c c
together with sodium, chloride and potassium.
c
Ôiuretics, antihypersensitive. c
c c
treatment of edema associated with
c
congestive heart failure (CHF), hepatic cirrhosis,
c
and renal disease, hypertension.
c
?
hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas;
c
anuria.
c
orthostatic hypotension,
c
thrombphlebitis, chronic aortitis, vertigo, headache,
c
dizziness, paresthesia, restlessness, fever,
c
photosensitivity, urticaria, pruritis, necrotizing
c erythema.
angitis,
c
c
c c
c
M
c
c
Nubain
acetaminophen
c
binds with opiate receptors in the CNS: £
Paracetamol, Biogesic, Tempra
c
ascending pain pathways in limbic system, thalamus,
decreases fever by inhibiting the effects
midbrain,
c hypothalamus, altering perception of and
of pyrogens on the hypothalamic action leading to
emorional
c response to pain. Relieves to pain.
sweating and vasodilation. Relieves pain by inhibiting
c Relief of moderate to severe pain; for
prostraglandin
c
pre-operatively analgesia, supplement to balanced
relief of mild-to-moderate pain;
anesthesia,
c surgical anesthesia, obstetrical
treatment of fever.
analgesia.
c
?
hypersensitivity; intolerance to
?
c hypersensitivity,
tartrazine (yellow dye #5), alcohol, table sugar,
pregnancy(Category
c Ô only if used prolonged periods
saccharin.
or in high
c doses)
stimulation, drowsiness, nausea,
c
sedation, drowsiness, sweating,
vomiting, abdominal pain, hepatotoxicity, hepatic
nausea,c dry mouth, and dizziness, headache,
seizure (overdose), renal failure(high prolonged
vomiting.
c
doses), leucopenia, neutropenia, jaundice.
c
Narcotic analgesic, general
hepatoxic drugs, cholestyramine
anesthesia, sedatives, hypotonics, alcohol.
c
c
c c
"
c (Tranexamic cont)
c
drugs with action in hemostasis
Ôostan, Hemostan
c should be given with caution to patients on
inhibits breakdown of fibrin clots. It acts antifibronolytic therapy. The potential for thrombus
c
primarily blocking the binding of plasminogen and formation maybe increased by estrogens, for
c
plasmin to fibrin; direct inhibition example, or the action of the antifibronolytic
c
treatment and prophylaxis of antagonized by the compounds such as the
c
hemorrhage associated with excessive fibrinolysis. thrombolytics.
c
Prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema. c
c
c
?
c hypersensitivity.Patients with
active intravascular clotting because of the risk of c
c
thrombosis. Severe renal sufficiency. Patients with c
c
microscopic hematuria. c
c
GI disturbances. Hypotension
c
particularly after rapid IV administration.
c
Thrombotic complications complications have been
c
reported. Instances of transient disturbance of
colour cvision associated with its use.
c
c
c
c c
?
c
(Chlorpheniramine cont.)
c ?
lower respiratory tract
chlorphenamine
c symptoms. Herpes simplex of the eye. Newborn or
Antamine, Ôrugmaker·s Biotech premature infants, patients receiving monoamine
c
Chlorphenamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) therapy. Hyperthyroidism,
c
competes with histamine for H1-receptor hypertension, coronary disease,phaeochromocytoma,
c
site on effector cells; decreases allergic response close-angle glaucoma. Acute asthma attack. Patients
c
by blocking histamine with osteoporosis, active peptic ulcer, psychoses, or
c
severe psychoneuroses; systemic fungal infection;
c treatment of allergic disorders of
acute infections.
allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, uticaria,
c
vasomotor rhinitis, contact dermatoses, food and
dry mouth, constipation,
c
drug allergy, insect bites. Sneezing, nasal difficulty with micturition, blurred vision. Ôelirium,
c agitation, insomnia. Jaundice, postural hypotension.
congestion, watery eyes accompanying common cold
c
and viral infections. Measles, asthma, tuberculosis, Cardiac arrhythmia, AV-block, ventricular
c
pneumonia, pharangytis, bronchial irritation. Body tachycardia, and fibrillation during neurologic
aches c and pains, runny nose, anaphylactic shock. therapy. Respiratory depression.
c
effect intensified by alcohol,
.
c bartiburates and other sedatives. Prolongs action of
c CNS depressants e.g. anesthetics.
c
c
c c
¦
(Hydrocotisone cont)
c
?
systemic fungal infections; IM
c
Cortizan, Ôrugmaker·s Biotech
Hydrocotisone, Efficort, Hydrotropic, Hydrotropic use in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura;
c
Injection, Lacticare-HC Lotion, Pharex administration of live virus vaccines in patients
c
Hydrocortisone, Pharmacort, Phoenix receiving immunosuppressive corticoid doses;
c psychosis; acute glomerulonephritis; amebiasis; non-
Hydrocortisone, Solu-Cortef
c asthmatic bronchial disease; children <2yrs, AIÔS,
Glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory TB.
c
effect because of its ability to inhibit prostaglandin
c
depression, flushing, sweating
synthesis, inhibit migration of microphages,
c headache, mood changes, hypertension, circulatory
leucocytes, and fibroblasts at sites of inflammation,
c
phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme release. It can collapse, thrombophlebitis, embolism, tachycardia,
c
also cause the reversal of increased capillary edema, fungal infections, increased intraocular
collagen
c diseases, dermatologic disease, allergic expected effects.
states,
c allergic and ophthalmic processes, c
respiratory
c
disease, hematologic disorders, c
neoplastic diseases, edematous states,GI disease.
c
c
c
M
c
Cardepine
c
inhibits calcium ion influx across cell
Euro-Med Atropine Sulfate,
c Hizon Atropine Sulfate, Isopto Atropine
membrane during cardiac depolarization, produces
c
relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and inhibits acetylcholine at parasympathetic
c
peripheral vascular smooth muscles, dilates coronary neuro effector junction, blocking vagal effect on
c
arteries, and increases myocardial oxygen delivery the heart (SA node), exocrine glands, smooth
in patients
c with vasopastic angina. muscles and urinary bladder. Ôrug increases heart
c rate, dries secretions, decreases sweating and
management of: hypertension, angina
c salivation in low doses. Mydriasis (dilation of the
pectoris, vasopastic angina. Unlabeled use:
c
pupil) and cycloplegia occur at moderate doses.
management of congestive heart failure.
Motility of GI and GU systems are affected at high
c
?
patients who do not have doses.
c
complete hemostasis following intracranial
c administration prior to anesthesia to
hemorrhage.Increased intracranial pressure during
reduce or prevent secretions of respiratory tract;
acutec phase of a stroke.
to control rhinorrhea; treatment of Parkinsonism;
c
peripheral restoration of cardiac rate and arterial pressure in
c
edema,headache,tachycardia, palpitations,localized some situations. Antidote for cardiovascular
thrombophlebitis
c and hypotension. collapse in certain overdoses or poisoning.
c
oral may increase plasma digoxin
c
c c
c hypersensitivity to
?
isosorbide dinitrate, ISÔ/ISÔN
anticholinergics; narrow-angle glaucoma; adhesions
c
between iris and lens; prostatic hypertrophy;
Isoket, Isoket
c IV, Isoket spray, Isomonit, Isordil
obstructive uropathy; myocardial ischemia; unstable
c
cardiac status caused by hemorrhage; tachycardia; increases supply of oxygen to the heart by
c
myasthenia gravis; pyloric or intestinal obstruction; dilating both the arteries and vein which supply the
c
asthma; hyperthyroidism; renal disease; hepatic heart itself.
disease;
c toxic megacolon; intestinal atony or
preventive and long-term treatment of
paralytic
c ileus.
angina pectoris/post myocardial infarction (MI)
c
palpitations, tachycardia, angina. Treatment of severe congestive heart
bradycardia,
c orthostatic hypotension, headache, failure (CHF) in combination with cardiac glycosides,
nervousness,
c drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
confusion,
c
insomnia, fever, excitability, restlessness inhibitors, arterial vasodilators; pulmonary
c
Haloperidol; Penothiazines; and hypertension.
c c c
c
c c
c
(Isosorbide cont) x
c
transient hypoxemia; headache;
c
Cardo Peten, Euro-Med
fall in BP; reflex rise in pulse rate, dizziness and
c Metoclopramide, Plasil
weakness. Nausea, vomiting, transient skin,
c Ôopamine antagonist that acts by increasing
disorders and allergic skin reactions may sometimes
occur.c Rare: paradoxical nitrate effect or receptor sensitivity and response of upper GIT
c
bradycardia. tissues to acetylcholine. This causes contraction of
c
(Metoclopramide cont)
c
?
Phaechromocytoma. Patients in
Phenytoin sodium,
c
whom increase in GI might be dangerous e.g. diphenylhydantoin, ÔPH
c
presence of GI hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction
or perforation.
c Hypersensitivity or intolerance to
Ôilantin
the drugs.
c Lactation. Children. Patients with breast limits seizure activity by stabilizes neuronal
cancer.
c membranes of hyper excitable cells through
c
sedation, restlessness, decreasing influx of sodium during action potential,
lassitude, fatigue, diarrhea, insomnia, headache, influx of calcium is also decreased. It also delays
c
dizziness, nausea, extrapyramidal effects,tardive outward potassium current leading to increased
c
dyskinesia, parkinsonism, drowsiness and bowel refractory period.
c
upset. tonic-clonic and psychomotos seizure,
c
anticholinergics, narcotic seizures occurring during or following neurosurgery.
c
analgesics,
c
alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, narcotics, ?
sinus bradycardia, SA block, AV
tranquilizer, phenothiazines, paracetamol, digoxin, blocks II and III, Adam-Stokes syndrome
c
tetracycline, levodopa.
c
GI disturbances, ataxia, slurred
c
c speech, diplopia, nystagmus and mental confusion
c
antibiotics, carbamazepine,
acetaminophen, corticosteroids, doxycycline.
c c
c
c
#
c
blurred vision,; paradoxical
c
Valium
reactions; dependence, withdrawal symptoms.
c
facilitates the inhibitory activity of GABA
c
other centrally active drugs;
at the limbic system and the reticular formation to
c
alcohol.
reduce anxiety and promote calmness and sleep. The
inhibition
c also suppresses the spread of seizure c
activity
c produced by epileptogenic foci in the c
cortex,
c
thalamus and limbic system. Enhancement of
GABA-mediated pre-sympathetic inhibition at the
c
spinal level and brain stem reticular formation
c
results to skeletal muscle relaxation.
c
relief of anxiety, agitation, tension due
c
to psychoneurotic states. Basal sedation before
c
stressful therapeutic measures or interventions.
c
Treatment of excitation.
c
?
pregnancy (Category Ô),
c
hypersensitivity. Ôependence in other substances
c
including alcohol, except in management of acute
withdrawal reactions. Severe chronic hypercapnia.
c c
c
c
Ôototral, Euro-Med Tramadol
Ceranid. Cygran, Ôrugmaker·s
c
HCI, Gesidol, Milador, Tradonal,Tramal Biotech Ranitidine, Entac, Incid, Ramadazine, Zantac
c
centrally acting analgesic not chemically inhibits histamine at H2 receptor site in the
c
related to opioids but binds to mu-opioid receptors gastric acid secretion.
c
and inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and
used in the management of various GI
c
serotonin.
disorders: dyspepsia, gastro-esophageal reflux
c
moderate to severe pain disease (GERÔ), peptic ulcer and Zollinger-Ellison
c
syndrome. Prophylaxis of GI hemorrhage from
?
hypersensitivity. Acute
c stress ulceration.
intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, centrally acting
c
analgesics, oploids or psychotropic agents. ?
Hypersensitivity. History of acute
c
porphyria. Long-term therapy.
vasodilation, dizziness/vertigo,
c
headache
^Cardiac arrhythmias,
c
bradycardia. Headache, somnolence fatigue,
c Carbamezapine; may reduce
dizziness, hallucinations, depression, insomnia.
serum ctramadol levels, leading to decreased
effectiveness. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors:
Coumarin anticoagulants,
c
Risk seizures may be increased. theophylline, diapezam, metroprolol, propranalol,
c
c lignocaine, phenytoin. Antacidsm, alcohol, glipizide.
cc
c
ë £
c
ë
baking
c
soda/sodium acid carbonate
(HCO3)
albuterol
c
c
B. Braun 8.4% sodium
£
Ventolin
bicarbonate
c
stimulates beta-2 receptors of bronchioles
c
increases plasma bicarbonate, which excess by increasing level of cAMP which relaxes smooth
buffers
c H ion concentrations; reverses metabolic muscles to produce bronchodilation. Also cause CNS
acidosis;
c neutralize gastric acid, which forms water, stimulation, cardiac stimulation, increased diuresis,
NaCl, CO2, raises blood pH. skeletal muscle tremors, and increased gastric acid
c
secretions. Longer acting than isoproterenol.
c treatment of metabolic acidosis;
promotion
c of systemic , gastric, and urine relief of bronchospasm in bronchial
alkalinization,
c asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and other
c hypoventilation, hypocalcaemia,
reversible, obstructive pulmonary diseases.
?
increased
c serum osmolarity, cardiac insufficiency, c
edema,
c hypertension, eclampsia, severe kidney c
insufficiency.
c
c hyperanatraemia, serum
hyperosmolarity
c
Aspirin, androgens, and diuretics.
c c
c beta-adgernic blockers.
Concomitant
c
use of theophylline and other xanthine
derivatives, steroids and diuretics. Sedatives, TCAs,
c
emic drugs.
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
x
c
Aminophylline, Phyllocontin,
c
Ôolfenal, Ponstan
Truphylline
c
aspirin-like drug that has analgesic, anti- inhibits phosphodiesterase (PÔE), which
c
pyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. These increases intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate
activities
c appear to be due to its ability to inhibit (cAMP). This leads to a release of epinephrine from
cyclogenase
c and also antagonize certain effects of the adrenal medulla cells. Aminophylline also blocks
prostaglandins. adenosine receptors that mediate the constriction
c
of airways. These actions cause bronchodilation,
c relief of pain
diuresis and stimulation of the central nervous and
c
?
pregnancy, and lactation. cardiac systems, and also increase gastric acid
c
Hypersensitivity. Active ulceration or chronic secretion.
c
inflammation of either the upper or lower GIT.
To prevent and relieve symptoms of
Bloodc disorders, poor platelet function. Ñidney or
acute bronchial asthma and treatment of
liver impairment.
c bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis
c
^GIT discomfort, diarrhea, and and emphysema.
constipation,visual
c disturbances, skin rash.
6c ?
hypersens. to
c drug/class/compon.caution if PUÔ, active, caution if
oral coumarin anticoagulants,
highlyc protein-bound drugs. seizure disorder,caution if arrhythmias
6c caution if CHF,caution if pulmonary edema,
c
acute,caution if shock.
c c
c
(Aminophylline cont)
c
ë
^: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
c
Bricanyl Expectorant
diarrhoea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety,
c
restlessness; tremor, palpitations.Convulsions, ·
anti- asthma
c
cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension and sudden death
c rapid IV injection
after too
c
Other xanthines. Clearance
c
reduced by allopurinol, some antiarrhythmics
c
,cimetidine, disulfiram, fluvoxamine, interferon-Ĵ,
c antibiotics, quinolones,oral
macrolide
contraceptives,
c thiabendazole and viloxazine.
Clearance
c increased byphenytoin,
anticonvulsants,
c
ritonavir, rifampicin,
sulfinpyrazone, cigarette smoking. Corticosteroids,
c
diuretics, ǀ2-agonists.
c
c
c c
c
c
c
# (Promethazine cont)
c
c
cPhenergan, Phenadoz, ?
Phenergan Tablets and
Promethegan
c Suppositories may impair the mental and/or physical
c abilities required for the performance of potentially
used as an anti-histamine, sedative,
and antiemetic (anti-nausea). The body releases hazardous tasks, such as driving a vehicle or
c
histamine during several types of allergic reactions. operating machinery. The impairment may be
c
When histamine binds to its receptors on cells, it amplified by concomitant use of other central-
c
stimulates changes within the cells that lead to nervous-system depressants such as alcohol,
sneezing,
c itching, and increased mucus production.
sedatives/hypnotics (including barbiturates),
Antihistamines
c
such as promethazine compete with
narcotics, narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics,
histamine for one of the receptors for histamine
c tricyclic antidepressants, and tranquilizers;
(the H1 receptor) on cells. However, when the
c
antihistamines bind to the receptors they do not therefore such agents should either be eliminated
stimulate
c the cells. Instead, they prevent histamine
or given in reduced dosage in the presence of
from binding and stimulating the cells. Promethazine promethazine HCl
c
also blocks the action of acetylcholine
c
(anticholinergic effect), and this may explain its
Promethazine should not be
benefit cin reducing thenausea of motion sickness taken with any of the MAO (mono-amine oxidase)
inhibitor-class of antidepressants, for example,
c
isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil),
c
tranylcypromine and procarbazine (Matulane),
because of the increased risk of extrapyramidal
symptoms (EPS)--uncontrollable movement
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c