Commercial Pilot Syllabus: The Pilot's Manual

The Pilot’s Manual
Commercial Pilot
Syllabus by Jackie Spanitz
Fifth Edition
A Flight & Ground Training Course for

Commercial Pilot Airplane Certification
based on The Pilot’s Manual: Ground School
ASA-PM-S-C5-PDF
The Pilot’s Manual
Commercial Pilot
Syllabus by Jackie Spanitz
Fifth Edition
A Flight & Ground Training Course for

Commercial Pilot Airplane Certification
based on The Pilot’s Manual: Ground School
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

Newcastle, Washington
The Pilot’s Manual: Commercial Pilot Syllabus
Fifth Edition
© 2002-2011 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

All rights reserved. Fourth Edition published 2010.
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

7005 132nd Place SE
Newcastle, Washington 98059-3153
(425) 235-1500
Visit the ASA website often for product updates and industry news: www.asa2fly.com
ISBN 1-56027-652-5
978-1-56027-652-4
ASA-PM-S-C5-PDF
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. The Pilot’s Manual Series Commercial Pilot Syllabus iii
Contents
About this Syllabus..............................................................................................................v
Compliance Table............................................................................................................. vii
Enrollment/Graduation Certificates................................................................................. viii
Stage 1 Introduction to the Commercial Certificate ...................................................... 1
Module 1..............................................................................................................................2
Module 2..............................................................................................................................3
Module 3..............................................................................................................................4
Module 4..............................................................................................................................5
Module 5..............................................................................................................................6
Module 6..............................................................................................................................7
Optional Review..................................................................................................................8
Stage 2 Cross-Country Flight Experience . ......................................................................... 9
Module 1............................................................................................................................10
Module 2............................................................................................................................11
Module 3............................................................................................................................12
Module 4............................................................................................................................13
Module 5............................................................................................................................14
Module 6............................................................................................................................15
Optional Review................................................................................................................16
Stage 3 Complex Aircraft and Night Flying Experience . ............................................ 17
Module 1............................................................................................................................18
Module 2............................................................................................................................19
Complex Endorsement.......................................................................................................20
Module 3............................................................................................................................21
Module 4............................................................................................................................22
Module 5............................................................................................................................23
Module 6............................................................................................................................24
Optional Review................................................................................................................25
Stage 4 Prep for Checkride .................................................................................................... 26
Module 1............................................................................................................................27
Module 2............................................................................................................................28
Module 3............................................................................................................................29
Module 4............................................................................................................................30
Module 5............................................................................................................................31
Module 6............................................................................................................................32
Optional Review................................................................................................................33
Commercial Pilot Endorsements and Checkride List........................................................34
Airman Certificate Application 8710-1 Form................................................................................................35
Appendices Stage Exams 1– 4.......................................................................Appendix 1–1 through 4– 4
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. The Pilot’s Manual Series Commercial Pilot Syllabus iv
About This Syllabus
Course Objective:
The objective of this syllabus is for the student to acquire the necessary aeronautical skill, knowledge and
experience to meet the requirements of a Commercial Pilot certificate with an Airplane category rating and a
Single-Engine Land class rating.
Prerequisites:
The student must be able to read, speak, write and understand the English language, meet the physical standards
for a second-class medical certificate, and possess a valid private pilot certificate with an instrument rating (or be
concurrently enrolled in an instrument rating course). The student must pass the instrument rating practical test prior
to completing the Commercial Pilot Certification course. To meet the experience requirements of a 14 CFR Part 141
Commercial certificate, the student must have completed the Private Pilot Certificate Course, and the Instrument
Rating Course prior to beginning this Commercial Pilot Certification Course. The student must be 18 years old at
the time of the practical test to gain certification.
Experience Requirements for a Commercial Certificate Include:

190 hours of flight time (250 hours for 14 CFR Part 61 programs)
100 hours of ground training (no minimum time is stipulated for 14 CFR Part 61 programs)
Flight Training Ground Training

Private Certification Course 35.0 hours 35.0 hours
Instrument Rating Course 35.0 hours 30.0 hours
Commercial Certification Course 120.0 hours 35.0 hours
Total 190.0 hours 100.0 hours
Commercial Pilot Certification Course:

The Commercial certificate is made up of 2 requirements: Aeronautical Skill and Aeronautical Knowledge. This syl-
labus is written to satisfy Part 141 requirements. The syllabus is in four Stages, each containing six Modules. Each
stage must be completed in ____ days, not to be more than 90 days. Each Module contains both a flight and ground
lesson. This presents an integrated flight training process and will promote easier learning and a more efficient flight
training program. Ideally, the ground lesson will be completed prior to the flight. Each flight lesson must include a
pre- and post-flight briefing.
Testing Procedures:
Each module contains a reading assignment associated with the ground training program. The review questions
following each chapter will test the student’s understanding of the material covered throughout the ground lesson,
and must be answered prior to moving on to the next module. A Stage Exam is included with each stage, testing the
student on both the ground and flight training material covered throughout the stage. This exam must be passed with
a minimum score of 80%, and reconciled to 100%, to proceed to the next Stage.
It is essential that the objective of each module be accomplished before moving on to the next module.
Minimum Requirements:
This is the time necessary to qualify for Part 141 operations, meeting the 35 hours of ground instruction, and the
120 hours of flight time. Many factors play into the finishing flight time: frequency of flying, cooperative weather,
airplane and instructor scheduling, and lapses in the flight training process. It is recommended the student fly at least
twice a week. This type of schedule produces the most efficient training, and cuts down on review time. If there
is an extended lapse in between flights, it may be necessary to review maneuvers; use the optional review flights
accompanying each Stage for this purpose (this will allow the student to continue following the syllabus, which is
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. The Pilot’s Manual Series Commercial Pilot Syllabus v
necessary for a Part 141 program). The student should feel comfortable performing each task in all previous mod-
ules before progressing to the next stage. If student exceeds more than ____ hours of the minimum recommended
time allotted per module, the chief flight instructor must be informed per the Part 141 school certificate.
Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the requirements of §141.41(a) may be credited for a maximum of
30 percent of the total flight training hour requirements. Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the require-
ments of §141.41(b) may be credited for a maximum of 20 percent of the total flight training hour requirements.
When a ground training device is used, the ideal sequence is to learn in the ground training device and practice in
the airplane.
Required Materials for the Commercial Pilot Certification Course:

• The Pilot’s Manual: Ground School (#ASA-PM-2)
Recommended Materials for the Commercial Pilot Certification Course:

• The Pilot’s Manual: Flight School (#ASA-PM-1)
• ASA Student Flight Record (#ASA-SFR-IC)
• FAA Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards (referred to as PTS) (#ASA-8081-12)
• ASA FAR/AIM (#ASA-FR-AM-BK, updated annually)
• ASA Commercial Pilot Test Prep (#ASA-TP-C, updated annually)
• ASA Flight computer (E6-B, CX-2 Pathfinder, or CX-2a Palm)
• ASA Plotter (student’s choice)
• ASA Flightlogs for cross-country flights (#ASA-FP-2)
• ASA Commercial Oral Exam Guide (#ASA-OEG-C)
• Charts for the training operations area
• Airport/Facility Directory
The syllabus uses The Pilot’s Manual: Ground School for the ground training program. The review following each
chapter should be finished with the assigned reading. The Pilot’s Manual: Flight School is recommended for use
in enhancing the flight training program. Both books contain an index which will help pinpoint the material for the
subject you are working on. ASA’s Commercial Pilot Test Prep is also recommended to enhance the program. The
prep will ensure the student is completely prepared for the FAA Knowledge Exam upon completion of the course.
Instructors using this syllabus must ensure current Practical Test Standards are upheld and Airplane Flying Hand-
book (FAA-H-8083-3) procedures are maintained at all times.
If you have any comments or questions on how to best use this syllabus, please call ASA at 1-800-ASA-2-FLY.
We will be happy to provide suggestions on how to tailor this syllabus to specifically meet your training needs. Note
to Instructors: Answers to the Stage Exams are available to instructors by calling 1-800-ASA-2-FLY, or fax your
request on letterhead to 1-425-235-0128.
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. The Pilot’s Manual Series Commercial Pilot Syllabus vi
Commercial Pilot Minimum Course Hours
For Part 141, Appendix D Compliance
These times are for student/instructor guidance only. They are a suggested time schedule which will ensure mini-
mum flight and ground training compliance with Part 141.
Page Dual Solo Dual Solo Dual Solo Dual Solo Instrument Ground
Flight Flight Cross- Cross- Night Night Complex Complex Instruction Instruction
Country Country Aircraft Aircraft
Private 20.0 15.0 † 3.5 1 X/C more 3.0 2.0 3.3 35.0 +
Certification than 100 NM, Exams
Course 3 points
Instrument 35.0 7.5 35.0 30.0 +
Rating Exams
Course
Commercial
Certification
Course
01 Stage 1
02 Module 1 2.5 1.0 .4 2.0
03 Module 2 2.5 1.0 .4 1.5
04 Module 3 2.0 1.0 .4 1.0
05 Module 4 2.0 1.0 .4 1.0
06 Module 5 2.0 1.5 .4 1.0
07 Module 6 2.5 + 1.5 .4 1.5 +
Stage Check Exam
08 * Review 1.5 1.5 1.5
09 Stage 2
10 Module 1 2.5 7.0 2.5 7.0 .4 2.0
11 Module 2 2.5 8.0 8.0 1.0 .4 1.5
12 Module 3 2.0 8.0 8.0 .4 1.0
13 Module 4 2.0 8.0 8.0 1.0 .4 1.0
14 Module 5 2.0 7.0 7.0 .4 1.0
15 Module 6 2.5 + 2.0 .4 1.5 +
Stage Check Exam
16 * Review 1.5 1.5 1.5
17 Stage 3
18 Module 1 2.5 1.5 1.0 .4 2.0
19 Module 2 4.0 1.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 .8 1.5
21 Module 3 2.0 1.5 1.5 .4 1.0
22 Module 4 2.0 1.5 1.5 .4 1.0
23 Module 5 2.0 1.0 2.0 .4 1.0
24 Module 6 2.5 + 1.5 1.5 .4 1.5 +
Stage Check Exam
25 * Review 1.5 1.5 1.5
26 Stage 4
27 Module 1 2.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 .4 1.5
28 Module 2 2.0 1.5 1.5 .4 2.0
29 Module 3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 .4 2.0
30 Module 4 2.0 1.5 .4 2.0
31 Module 5 2.0 1.5 1.5 .4 2.0
32 Module 6 2.5 + 1.5 .4 1.5 +
Stage Check Exam
33 * Review 1.5 1.5 1.5
TOTALS 110.0 + 80.0 ‡ 17.5 40.0 + 8.0 7.0 + 10.0 5.0 + 48.3 100 +
Stage Checks Private hours 10 TOL 10 TOL Exams
* Reviews are not necessary to meet Part 141 compliance, and are not counted in the TOTALS for the program.
They are optional, and should be used if the student is not ready to move on to the next module.
† 14 CFR Part 141 requires 20 hours of dual flight, 5 hours of solo flight, and a total of 35 hours of flight time for
the Private Pilot Certificate. 10 hours may be conducted dual or solo, at the instructor’s discretion.
‡ Exact totals will vary with the discretionary 10 hours.
TOL: Takeoffs and Landings
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. The Pilot’s Manual Series Commercial Pilot Syllabus vii
Enrollment Certificate
his is to certify that
_______________________________________________________________
Student Name
is enrolled in the Federal Aviation Administration approved
Commercial Pilot Certification Course, conducted by
_______________________________________________________________
School and Certificate Number
______________________________ ______________________________
Chief Instructor Date of Enrollment
Graduation Certificate
his is to certify that
_______________________________________________________________
Pilot Name and Number
has satisfactorily completed each required stage of the approved
course of training including the tests for those stages, and has
received _____ hours of cross-country training.
_________________________________________ has graduated from the
Federal Aviation Administration approved Commercial Pilot
Certification Course conducted by
_______________________________________________________________
School and Certificate Number
______________________________ ______________________________
Chief Instructor Date of Graduation
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. The Pilot’s Manual Series Commercial Pilot Syllabus viii
Stage 1
Introduction to the Commercial Certificate
Objective
The objective of Stage 1 is for the student to become proficient in, and have an understanding of
the following:
Ground Training Flight Training

• Course objective • Flight training process
• School requirements, procedures, regulations • Training airplane
• Grading criteria • Preflight
• Forces acting on an airplane • Certificates and documents, including minimum
• Stability and control equipment list
• Airframe • Steep Turns
• Flight instruments • Steep Spirals
• Basic flight maneuvers • Chandelles
• Flight information • Lazy Eights
• Flight physiology • Eights-on-Pylons
• Regulations • Maneuvering During Slow Flight
• Power-off Stalls
• Power-on Stalls
• Spin awareness
• Normal and crosswind takeoff, climb, approach
and landing
• Soft-field takeoff, climb, approach, and landing
• Short-field takeoff, climb, approach, and landing
• Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
• Go-around procedures
• Aeromedical factors
Completion Standards
Stage 1 is complete when the student achieves the objective of each module, and can list or describe the
correct process or reference for accomplishing elements, exercises and activities. Student shall score at
least 80% on the Stage 1 Exam, and all deficient areas shall be reconciled to 100%. Student shall have a
second-class medical certificate upon completion of this stage.
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. The Pilot’s Manual Series Commercial Pilot Syllabus 1
Stage 1 / Module 1 Minimum 141 Requirements:
Dual, Local 2.5 hours flight (.4 instrument)
Solo, Local 1.0 hour flight(s)
Ground instruction 2.0 hours

Objective: Objective:
For the student to be introduced to the Commercial Pilot Certifica- For the student to be introduced to the commercial course and train-
tion program, and learn the flight school requirements, procedures, ing airplane, and gain proficiency in preflight, Steep Turns, Steep
regulations, and grading criteria. Student shall also review stability Spirals, Slow Flight, Stalls, and normal and crosswind takeoffs and
and control and the forces acting on an airplane. landings.
Content: Content:
____ Review course and objectives Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ School requirements, procedures, regulations ____ Discussion of the flight training process
____ Grading criteria, expectations of student ____ Introduction to the training airplane
____ Review objective of Stage 1 ____ Preflight, including certificates, documents and minimum
The forces acting on an airplane equipment list
____ Checklist use
____ Weight
____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ Lift ____ Bernoulli’s Principle
____ Steep Turns
____ dynamic and static pressure
____ airspeed ____ Steep Spirals
____ airfoil shape ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ aerodynamic force ____ Power-on Stalls
____ pressure distribution and CP movement ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Drag ____ total drag ____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing
____ parasite drag ____ Postflight procedures
____ skin-friction drag ____ Instrument cockpit check
____ form drag
____ interference drag Solo Flight(s) (1.0 hour)
____ induced drag
____ Preflight
____ angle-of-attack
____ wing design ____ Checklist use
____ lift and drag ratio ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ wing flaps ____ Steep Turns
____ leading-edge devices ____ Steep Spirals
____ Thrust ____ propeller motion ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ forces on a propeller blade ____ Power-on Stalls
____ propeller efficiency ____ Power-off Stalls
____ controllable-pitch propellers ____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing
____ takeoff effects of propellers ____ Postflight procedures
____ propeller torque effect
____ gyroscopic effect Completion Standards:
____ P-factor This module is complete when the student can maintain flight
Stability ____ static and dynamic stability within ±150 feet altitude, ±15 degrees heading, and ±15 knots
____ stability vs. maneuverability airspeed while demonstrating the maneuvers listed in the content of
____ airplane equilibrium this module.
____ pitching moments
____ longitudinal, directional, and lateral stability Recommended Reading:
Control ____ elevator The Pilot’s Manual: Flight School
____ ailerons
____ rudder
____ control effectiveness
Stage 1 / Module 1
Completion Standards:
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- Date of Completion:
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading.
Signature:
Assignment:
Time Flown:
The Pilot’s Manual: Ground School, Chapters 1 and 2

For the student to review the airplane’s airframe and flight instru- For the student to review the aeromedical factors of flight, gain addi-
ments. tional experience in Steep Turns, Slow Flight, Stalls, and soft-field
takeoffs and landings, and be introduced to Chandelles.
Content:
Airframe Content:
____ Fuselage Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ Wings ____ Discussion of aeromedical factors of flight
____ Empennage ____ Preflight
____ Flight controls ____ Checklist use
____ Landing gear ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Engine and propeller
____ Steep Turns
Flight instruments
____ Steep Spirals
____ Pressure instruments
____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ Pitot-static system
____ Airspeed indicator ____ Power-on Stalls
____ Altimeter ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Vertical speed indicator ____ Chandelles
____ Gyroscopic instruments ____ Soft-field approach and landing
____ Turn coordinator/turn indicator
____ Postflight procedures
____ Attitude indicator
____ Instrument approach procedures
____ Heading indicator
____ Magnetic compass
Solo Flight(s) (1.0 hour)
Completion Standards: ____ Preflight
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Checklist use
____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
Assignment: ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
Ground School, Chapters 4 and 7 ____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Power-on Stalls
____ Power-off Stalls
____ Chandelles
____ Soft-field approach and landing
____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing
This module is complete when the student can maintain flight
within ±150 feet altitude, ±15 degrees heading, and ±15 knots
Stage 1 / Module 2 airspeed while demonstrating the maneuvers listed in the content of
this module.
Date of Completion:
Recommended Reading:
Signature: Flight School
Time Flown:
Ground instruction 1.0 hour


For the student to understand the basic flight maneuvers required For the student to continue practicing Steep Turns, Slow Flight,
of the Commercial pilot, and the tools available for obtaining flight Stalls, Chandelles, and short-field takeoffs and landings, and be
information. introduced to Lazy Eights.
Content: Content:
Basic flight manuevers Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ Straight-and-level flight ____ Preflight
____ Climbing and descending ____ Checklist use
____ Turning and load factor ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ Stalling ____ Steep Turns
____ Spinning ____ Steep Spirals
Flight information ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ NOTAMs, TFRs ____ Power-on Stalls
____ Airport/Facility Directory
____ Aeronautical Information Manual
____ Chandelles
____ Federal Aviation Regulations
____ Lazy Eights
____ Pilot/Controller Glossary
____ Short-field approach and landing
____ Advisory Circulars
Completion Standards: ____ Missed approaches
This module is complete when the student has successfully com-
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. Solo Flight(s) (1.0 hour)
Assignment: ____ Preflight
Ground School, Chapter 3 ____ Checklist use
____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Stage 1 / Module 3
Date of Completion: airspeed while demonstrating the maneuvers listed in the content of
this module.
Signature:
Time Flown: Flight School


For the student to gain an understanding of flight physiology. For the student to gain proficiency in normal/crosswind/soft-field/
short-field takeoff, climb, approach, and landings, Steep Turns,
Content: Maneuvering During Slow Flight, Stalls, Chandelles, Lazy Eights,
Flight physiology and go-around procedures, and be introduced to Eights-on-Pylons,
____ Am I fit to fly? and the Power-Off 180° accuracy approach and landing.
____ physical fitness
Content:
____ mental fitness
Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ medical checks
____ Preflight
____ medication
____ Checklist use
____ upper respiratory tract problems
____ corrective lenses
____ Steep Spirals
____ food poisoning ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ alcohol ____ Power-on Stalls
____ smoking ____ Power-off Stalls
____ fatigue and sleep deprivation ____ Chandelles
____ blood donation ____ Lazy Eights
____ Low temperatures ____ Eights-on-Pylons
____ Respiration ____ Maneuvering under instrument conditions
____ increased altitude ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
____ hypoxia ____ Go-around procedures
____ carbon monoxide poisoning ____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing
____ hyperventilation ____ Postflight procedures
____ decompression sickness
Solo Flight(s) (1.0 hour)
____ Balance
____ Preflight
____ sensing acceleration
____ Checklist use
____ inner ear balance mechanism
____ motion sickness ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ vertigo ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ spatial disorientation ____ Steep Turns
____ sensory illusions ____ Steep Spirals
____ Vision ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ structure of the eye ____ Power-on Stalls
____ adaptation of eyes to darkness ____ Power-off Stalls
____ scanning for other aircraft ____ Chandelles
____ visual illusions on approach ____ Lazy Eights
____ Eights-on-Pylons
Completion Standards: ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Go-around procedures
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing
Assignment: ____ Soft-field approach and landing
Ground School, Chapter 12 ____ Postflight procedures
Stage 1 / Module 4 This module is complete when the student can maintain flight
this module.
Signature:
Solo, Local 1.5 hours flight(s)


For the student to learn the regulations pertinent to the commercial For the student to gain additional proficiency in takeoffs and
pilot and commercial flight operations. landings, go-around procedures, Steep Turns, Slow Flight, Stalls,
Chandelles, Lazy Eights, and Eights-on-Pylons, and be introduced
Content: to spin awareness.
Regulations
____ 14 CFR Part 1 Definitions and abbreviations Content:
____ 14 CFR Part 61 Pilot certification
____ Preflight
____ 14 CFR Part 91 General operating and flight rules ____ Checklist use
____ NTSB Part 830 ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Steep Turns
____ 14 CFR Part 125
____ Steep Spirals
____ 14 CFR Part 135 ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
Completion Standards: ____ Power-off Stalls
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Spin awareness
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Assignment: ____ Eights-on-Pylons
Ground School, Chapter 19 ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
Student should obtain second-class medical certificate ____ Go-around procedures
____ Soft-field approach and climb
____ Partial panel
Solo Flight(s) (1.5 hours)

____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
____ Go-around procedures
Stage 1 / Module 5 within ±100 feet altitude, ±10 degrees heading, and ±10 knots
airspeed while demonstrating the maneuvers listed in the content of
Date of Completion:
this module.
Signature:
Stage 1 / Module 6 and Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual, Local 2.5 hours flight
(.4 instrument)
Stage Check

Stage check
Stage exam

For the student to review all Stage 1 objectives in preparation for the For the student to review takeoffs, landings, Steep Turns, Chan-
Stage 1 Exam. delles, Lazy Eights, Eights-on-Pylons, Slow Flight, Stalls, and go-
around procedures. For the Stage Check, student should demonstrate
Content: skill in the following areas according to the completion standards.
____ The forces acting on an airplane
Content:
____ Stability and control
____ Airframes ____ Preflight
____ Flight instruments ____ Confirm student’s second-class medical
____ Basic flight maneuvers ____ Checklist use
____ Flight physiology ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Steep Turns
____ Aeronautical decision making
____ Steep Spirals
____ Regulations ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
Completion Standards: ____ Power-off Stalls
Stage 1 Exam must be passed with a minimum score of 80%, and ____ Spin awareness
reconciled to 100%. ____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Assignment: ____ Eights-on-Pylons
Stage 1 Exam ____ Maneuvering under instrument conditions
____ Instrument approach
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Stage 1 / Module 6 ____ Short-field approach and landing
Date of Completion:
Signature: This module is complete when the student can maintain flight
Time Flown: airspeed while demonstrating the maneuvers listed in the content of
this module.
Stage Exam Score:
Stage Check Successful: Flight School
Commercial Pilot Test Prep, Chapters 1, 3 and 10
Optional Stage 1 Review
Lesson Time: Flight Training

Dual 1.5 hours flight, or whatever is necessary to
Objective:
meet objective
Solo 1.5 hours flight, or whatever is necessary to For the student to review all Stage 1 tasks and meet all objectives.
meet objective
Content:
Ground instruction 1.5 hours, or whatever is necessary to
meet objective Dual Flight (1.5 hours)
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Spin awareness
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ Maneuvering under instrument conditions
Solo Flight (1.5 hours)

____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Optional Stage 1 Review This module is complete when the student can maintain flight
this module.
Signature:
Time Flown:
Flight School
Stage 2
Cross-Country Flight Experience
Objective
The objective of Stage 2 is for the student to become proficient in and have an understanding of
the following:

• Charts and airspace • Cross-country flight planning
• Visual navigation fundamentals • National airspace system
• Using the flight computer • Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
• Weight and balance • Radio navigation and radar services
• Radio navigation: VOR, ADF, Radar, • Diversion
Transponder, DME, RNAV, VDF, GPS • Lost procedures
• Flight planning
• Enroute navigation
• Operational weather factors
least 80% on the Stage 2 Exam and all deficient areas shall be reconciled to 100%.
Dual, Cross-country 2.5 hours flight (.4 instrument)
Solo, Cross-country 7.0 hours flight(s)


For the student to gain an understanding of charts and airspace and For the student to gain experience in cross-country operations,
visual navigation fundamentals. including a landing at least 100 NM from the departure airport,
cross-country flight planning, the national airspace system, pilotage
Content: and Dead Reckoning, radio navigation and radar services, and diver-
____ Review objective of Stage 2 sion and lost procedures.
VFR charts
Content:
____ WAC Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ Sectional charts ____ Cross-country flight planning
____ VFR terminal area charts ____ Review national airspace system
Airspace ____ Preflight
____ Class A ____ Checklist use
____ Class B ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ Class C ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
____ Class D
____ Class E
____ Radio navigation and radar services
____ Class G
____ Diversion procedures
____ Special use airspace ____ Lost procedures
____ Other airspace ____ Simulated engine failure
Visual navigation fundamentals ____ Simulated electrical failure
____ Simulated radio failure
____ Horizontal navigation
____ Simulated instrument failure
____ types of navigation
____ direction and speed combined ____ Soft-field approach and landing
____ Vertical navigation ____ Postflight procedures
____ VFR cruise altitude Solo Flight(s) (7.0 hours)
____ safety altitude ____ Cross-country flight planning
____ Time ____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
Completion Standards: ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
____ VOR navigation
Assignment:
____ ADF navigation
Ground School, Chapters 20, 21, and 23
____ Radar services
This module is complete when the student has gained cross-country
flight experience including a landing at least 100 NM from the
departure airport, while maintaining the navigation log, keeping
flight within ±100 feet altitude, ±10 degrees heading, ±10 knots
Stage 2 / Module 1 airspeed, the enroute checkpoints and destination within 3 minutes
of the ETA, and can verify the airplane’s position within 1 nautical
Date of Completion:
mile of the planned route at all times.
Signature:
Dual, Complex aircraft 2.5 hours flight (.4 instrument)


For the student to review weight-and-balance and using the flight For the student to gain additional experience in solo cross-country
computer. operations, and be introduced to dual flight in a complex aircraft.
Content: Content:
Using the flight computer Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ The flight computer for flight planning ____ Preflight
____ finding TAS ____ Checklist use
____ finding heading and groundspeed ____ Cockpit management
____ finding the time en route and fuel requirements ____ Engine starting
____ finding wind components ____ Taxiing
____ conversions
____ Calculating the wind velocity in flight ____ Cruise procedures
Weight-and-balance ____ Power settings
____ Weight ____ Constant-speed propeller use
____ empty weight ____ Retractable landing gear and flaps use
____ gross weight ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
____ weight of fuel and oil ____ Go-around procedures
____ other weight limitations
____ Balance
____ moment of a force
____ Holding patterns
____ balancing a loaded airplane
____ finding the position of the CG Solo Flight(s) (8.0 hours)
____ airplane datums
____ Cross-country flight planning
____ effect of CG position on airplane handling
____ Preflight
____ finding the CG of a loaded airplane
____ Checklist use
____ index units
____ Graphical presentation of weight-and-balance data
____ Tabular presentation of weight-and-balance data
____ Finding the moment index for an item
____ VOR navigation
____ Weight-shift calculations
____ ADF navigation
____ Weight-change calculations ____ Radar services
____ CG movement ____ Short-field approach and landing
____ Weight-shift and weight-change by formula ____ Soft-field approach and landing
____ Mean aerodynamic chord ____ Postflight procedures
Completion Standards: Completion Standards:

This module is complete when the student has successfully com- This module is complete when the student has gained cross-country
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. flight experience including a landing at least 50 NM from the depar-
ture airport, while maintaining the navigation log, keeping flight
Assignment:
within ±100 feet altitude, ±10 degrees heading, ±10 knots airspeed,
Ground School, Chapters 24 and 11 the enroute checkpoints and destination within 3 minutes of the
ETA, and can verify the airplane’s position within 1 nautical mile of
the planned route at all times. Student should demonstrate a private
Stage 2 / Module 2 pilot proficiency level while performing basic flight operations in a
complex aircraft.
Date of Completion:
Signature:
Flight School
Time Flown:


For the student to review radio navigation, including VOR, ADF, For the student to gain additional experience in solo cross-country
radar, the transponder, DME, and RNAV. operations, and review commercial maneuvers during a dual flight.
Content: Content:
Radio navigation Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ VOR ____ Preflight
____ VOR cockpit instruments ____ Checklist use
____ Operational use of the VOR ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Intercepting course with a VOR ____ Steep Turns
____ Tracking with a VOR ____ Steep Spirals
____ NDB
____ ADF
____ ADF cockpit displays
____ Chandelles
____ Operational use of the ADF
____ Lazy Eights
____ Radar ____ Eights-on-Pylons
____ Transponder ____ Maneuvering solely by reference to instruments
____ DME ____ Soft-field approach and landing
____ Pseudo-VORTACs (RNAV) ____ Postflight procedures
____ GPS
____ Bearing changes, time and distance to station Solo Flight(s) (8.0 hours)
____ Cross-country flight planning
Completion Standards: ____ Preflight
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Checklist use
Assignment: ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
Ground School, Chapter 27 ____ Steep Spirals
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
____ Radar services
flight experience including a landing at least 50 NM from the
departure airport, while maintaining the navigation log, the enroute
checkpoints and destination within 3 minutes of the ETA, and can
Stage 2 / Module 3 verify the airplane’s position within 1 nautical mile of the planned
route at all times. Student should keep flight within ±100 feet alti-
Date of Completion: tude, ±10 degrees heading, ±10 knots airspeed while performing the
maneuvers listed in the content of this module.
Signature:
Time Flown:
Flight School


For the student to review cross-country flight planning and enroute For the student to gain additional experience in solo cross-country
navigation. operations and dual complex aircraft operations.
Content:
Content:
Flight planning
____ Discussion of performance and limitations
____ Weather and operational considerations ____ Discussion of system operations
____ Pre-flight planning ____ Preflight
Enroute navigation ____ Checklist use
____ Cockpit management
____ Compensating for wind effect
____ Engine starting
____ Airmanship ____ Taxiing
____ The flight sequence ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ departure from an airport ____ Cruise procedures
____ Power settings
____ cruise
____ Constant-speed propeller use
____ map-reading in flight ____ Retractable landing gear and flaps use
____ chart orientation in the airplane ____ Steep Turns
____ log keeping ____ Steep Spirals
____ Navigation techniques
____ position lines ____ Power-off Stalls
____ off-course HDG corrections ____ Maneuvering solely by reference to instruments
____ correction angle ____ Simulated engine failure
____ ratio method ____ Simulated systems and equipment failure
____ inverse-ratio method
____ Diversions ____ Short-field approach and landing
____ enroute diversions ____ Postflight procedures
____ diversion to an alternate airport Solo Flight(s) (8.0 hours)
____ Navigation operations ____ Cross-country flight planning
____ Preflight
____ visibility
____ Checklist use
____ uncertain of position ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ mental navigation checks ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ low-level navigation ____ Steep Spirals
____ ELT ____ Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
____ Radar services
Assignment:
Ground School, Chapters 25 and 26 Completion Standards:
flight experience including a landing at least 50 NM from the depar-
ture airport, while maintaining the navigation log, keeping flight
within ±100 feet altitude, ±10 degrees heading, ±10 knots airspeed,
Stage 2 / Module 4 the enroute checkpoints and destination within 3 minutes of the
ETA, and can verify the airplane’s position within 1 nautical mile of
Date of Completion: the planned route at all times. Student should demonstrate a private
pilot proficiency level while performing the maneuvers listed in a
Signature: complex aircraft.
Time Flown: Recommended Reading:
Flight School
Solo, Long-cross-country 7.0 hours flight


For the student to review operational weather factors. For the student to obtain the solo long-cross-country requirements
required for the Commercial certificate, and to review the commer-
Content: cial maneuvers during dual flight.
Operational weather factors
____ Icing Content:
____ structural icing Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ induction icing ____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ instrument icing
____ Visibility ____ Steep Turns
____ particles in the air ____ Steep Spirals
____ inversions and reduced visibility ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ condensation ____ Power-on Stalls
____ fog ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Turbulence ____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ localized friction effects
____ winds associated with mountains
____ Maneuvering solely by reference to instruments
____ flying in turbulence
____ clear air turbulence ____ Postflight procedures
____ classification of turbulence
____ Windshear Solo Flight (7.0 hours)*
____ Thunderstorms ____ Cross-country flight planning
____ Microburst ____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
Completion Standards: ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Steep Spirals
Assignment: ____ VOR navigation
Ground School, Chapter 17 ____ ADF navigation
____ Radar services
* Flight must include landings at a minimum of three points, one of
which is at least 250 nautical miles from the original departure
point (except for Hawaii; one segment of at least 150 NM).
flight experience including at least three landings, one of which is
at least 250 NM from the departure airport, while maintaining the
navigation log, the enroute checkpoints and destination within 3
minutes of the ETA, and can verify the airplane’s position within
Stage 2 / Module 5 1 nautical mile of the planned route at all times. Student should
keep flight within ±100 feet altitude, ±10 degrees heading, ±10
Date of Completion: knots airspeed while performing the maneuvers listed in the content
of this module.
Signature:
Time Flown:
Flight School
(.4 instrument)
Stage Check

Stage check
Stage exam

For the student to review Stage 2 objectives in preparation of the For the student to review commercial maneuvers according to com-
Stage 2 Exam. mercial pilot practical test standards. For the Stage Check, student
should demonstrate skill in the following areas according to the
Content: completion standards.
____ Charts
Content:
____ Airspace Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ Visual navigation fundamentals ____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Using the flight computer ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Weight-and-balance ____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Radio navigation
____ Flight planning ____ Power-on Stalls
____ Enroute navigation ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Spin awareness
____ Operational weather factors ____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Completion Standards: ____ Eights-on-Pylons
Stage 2 Exam must be passed with a minimum score of 80% and ____ Maneuvering under instrument conditions
reconciled to 100%. ____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
Assignment: ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
Stage 2 Exam ____ Go-around procedures
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
Stage 2 / Module 6 ____ Short-field approach and landing
Date of Completion:
Signature: This module is complete when the student can maintain flight
Time Flown: airspeed while demonstrating the maneuvers listed in the content of
this module.
Stage Exam Score:

Dual 1.5 hours flight, or whatever is necessary to meet objective
Objective:
Solo 1.5 hours flight, or whatever is necessary to meet objective
Ground instruction 1.5 hours, or whatever is necessary to For the student to review all Stage 2 tasks and meet all objectives.
meet objective
Content:
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Spin awareness
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation

____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
Optional Stage 2 Review This module is complete when the student can maintain flight
Date of Completion:
airspeed while demonstrating the maneuvers listed in the content of
Signature: this module.

Flight School
Stage 3
Complex Aircraft and Night Flying Experience
Objective
the following:

• Complex aircraft: • Complex airplane operations:
engines performance and limitations
engine operation operation of systems
systems preflight inspection
airplane performance factors cockpit management
takeoff and landing performance taxiing
enroute performance slow flight
• Airports and airport operations stall series
steep turns
steep spirals
normal, crosswind, short and soft takeoffs and
landings
power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
airport and runway markings and lighting
after landing
parking and securing
• Supplemental oxygen (discussion)
• Pressurization (discussion)
• Night flight operations
least 80% on the Stage 3 Exam, and all deficient areas shall be reconciled to 100%.


For the student to gain an understanding of engines and engine For the student to review commercial maneuvers during solo flight
operations, with special attention to complex aircraft application. and gain additional experience in dual complex aircraft operations,
including a maximum weight takeoff and landing.
Content:
____ Review objective of Stage 3 Content:
Engine Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ Discussion of supplemental oxygen and pressurization
____ Four-stroke engine cycle
____ Preflight
____ Valves and valve timing
____ Checklist use and cockpit management
____ Ignition ____ Taxiing
____ Starter ____ Normal, maximum-weight, takeoff and climb
____ Exhaust system ____ Steep Turns
____ Carburetor ____ Steep Spirals
____ accelerator pump ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ idling system ____ Power-on Stalls
____ fuel and air mixture control ____ Power-off Stalls
____ abnormal combustion
____ Simulated engine failure
____ carburetor ice
____ Simulated system and equipment failure
____ Fuel injection systems ____ Normal approach and landing
Engine operation ____ Parking and securing
____ Starting the engine ____ Postflight procedures
____ Stopping the engine
____ Changing power setting with a constant-speed propeller ____ Preflight
____ Engine handling ____ Checklist use
____ Rough running ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ Cross-checking engine instruments
____ Taxiing ____ Steep Turns
____ Engine failure in flight ____ Steep Spirals
____ Engine fire in flight ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ Engine fire on startup
____ Chandelles
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Lazy Eights
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Eights-on-Pylons
____ VOR and ADF navigation
Assignment: ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
Ground School, Chapter 5 ____ Go-around procedures
Stage 3 / Module 1
Date of Completion: This module is complete when the student can maintain flight within
±100 feet altitude, ±10 degrees heading, ±10 knots airspeed while
Signature: performing the maneuvers listed in the content of this module.

Flight School
Dual, Cross-country, Night,
Complex aircraft 4.0 hours flight (.8 instrument)


For the student to gain an understanding of systems and airplane For the student to gain the required experience of a night cross-
performance factors, with special attention to complex aircraft country, in a complex aircraft during dual flight operations, and
applications. additional experience performing the commercial maneuvers.
Content: Content:
Aircraft systems Dual Flight (4.0 hours)*
____ Fuel system ____ Discussion of night flying regulations
____ Oil system ____ Cross-country planning
____ Preflight
____ Cooling system
____ Use of checklists and cockpit management
____ Electrical system ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ Vacuum system ____ Steep Spirals
Airplane performance factors ____ Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
____ Radio navigation and radar services
____ Airworthiness
____ Diversion and lost procedures
____ Airframe limitations ____ Simulated engine failure
____ Air density ____ Simulated systems and equipment failure
Completion Standards: ____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Postflight procedures
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. * Night flight must include a landing at a point more than 100 miles
from the point of departure.
Assignment:
Ground School, Chapters 6 and 8
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Power-on and -off Stalls
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
This module is complete when the student has completed the
required night cross-country in a complex aircraft. Student will
Stage 3 / Module 2 continue practicing all commercial maneuvers according to the
Commercial Practical Test Standards. Upon completion of this mod-
Date of Completion: ule, student should receive the complex endorsement to conduct solo
complex aircraft operations.
Signature:
Instructor Note: Follow the format below when signing-off endorsements for your students. (From AC 61-65)
Endorsement for a pilot to act as PIC in a complex airplane: 14 CFR §61.31(e)
I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number) has received the required training
of §61.31(e) in a (make and model of complex airplane). I have determined that he/she is proficient in the operation
and systems of a complex airplane.
S/S [date] J. Jones 654321 CFI Exp. 11-30-11
Solo, Complex aircraft 1.5 hours flight

For the student to gain an understanding of takeoff and landing For the student to demonstrate competency of commercial maneu-
performance, specifically with reference to complex aircraft applica- vers during dual flight, and gain experience in solo complex aircraft
tion. operations.
Content: Content:
Takeoff performance Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ Factors affecting takeoff performance ____ Preflight
____ Takeoff distance graph ____ Checklist use
____ Different presentations of performance data ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
Landing performance ____ Steep Turns
____ Factors affecting landing performance ____ Steep Spirals
____ Landing distance graph ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ Landing distance table ____ Power-on Stalls
____ Wake turbulence ____ Power-off Stalls
____ avoiding wake turbulence ____ Chandelles
____ jet blast ____ Lazy Eights
____ Ground effect
____ increased lifting ability
____ reduced drag
____ ground effect during landing
____ ground effect during takeoff
____ Windshear ____ Preflight
____ effects of windshear on an airplane ____ Checklist use
____ overshoot and undershoot effect ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ Taxiing ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ Cruise procedures
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Power setting and mixture control
____ Steep Turns
Assignment: ____ Steep Spirals
Ground School, Chapter 9 ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
This module is complete when the student can demonstrate commer-
cial maneuvers according to the commercial practical test standards,
Stage 3 / Module 3 and perform complex aircraft operations accurately and smoothly.
Student should make 3 solo takeoffs and landings to a full stop in
Date of Completion: the complex aircraft.
Signature: Recommended Reading:
Time Flown:
Flight School
Solo, Complex aircraft 1.5 hours flight

For the student to gain an understanding of enroute performance, For the student to demonstrate proficiency in the commercial
specifically with reference to complex aircraft applications. maneuvers during a dual flight, and gain additional experience dur-
ing solo complex aircraft operations.
Content:
Enroute performance Content:
____ Cruise altitude and power setting Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ Indicated outside air temperature ____ Preflight
____ Presentation of performance data ____ Checklist use
____ Fuel consumption ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Effect of wind in cruise ____ Steep Turns
____ Climb performance ____ Steep Spirals
____ maximum rate of climb ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ cruise or normal climb ____ Power-on Stalls
____ Cruise performance
____ Chandelles
____ specific range
____ Lazy Eights
____ flying for endurance
Completion Standards: ____ Maneuvering solely by reference to instruments
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Soft-field approach and landing
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Postflight procedures
Assignment:
Ground School, Chapter 10
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Power setting and mixture control
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
Stage 3 / Module 4 and perform complex aircraft operations accurately and smoothly.
Date of Completion: the complex aircraft.
Signature: Recommended Reading:
Solo, Complex aircraft 1.0 hour flight(s)

For the student to review airports and airport operations, with spe- For the student to demonstrate proficiency in the commercial
cific reference to complex aircraft applications. maneuvers during a dual flight, and gain additional experience dur-
ing solo complex aircraft operations.
Content:
Airports Content:
____ Taxiway and runway markings Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ LAHSO ____ Preflight
____ Airport lighting ____ Checklist use
Airport operations
____ Steep Turns
____ Listening to the ATIS
____ Steep Spirals
____ Before taxiing ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ Standard traffic pattern ____ Power-on Stalls
____ Legs of a traffic pattern ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Wind effect in the traffic pattern ____ Chandelles
____ Departing the traffic pattern ____ Lazy Eights
____ Using the radio ____ Eights-on-Pylons
____ Entering the traffic pattern ____ Maneuvering solely by reference to instruments
____ Airport radar services ____ Short-field approach and landing
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- Solo Flight(s) (1.0 hour)
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
Assignment:
____ Normal takeoff and climb
Ground School, Chapter 22
____ Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Normal approach and landing
____ Crosswind approach and landing
and perform complex aircraft operations accurately and smoothly.
Stage 3 / Module 5
Date of Completion: the complex aircraft. Upon completion of this module, student will
have the required 10 takeoffs and landings and the 5.0 hours of solo
Signature: flight in a complex aircraft.

Flight School
Stage 3 / Module 6 and Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual, Complex aircraft 2.5
hours flight (.4 instrument)
Stage Check

Stage check
Stage exam

For the student to review Stage 3 objectives in preparation of the For the student to review complex aircraft operations and continue
Stage 3 Exam. to practice the commercial maneuvers during solo flight. For the
Stage Check, student should demonstrate skill in the following areas
Content: according to completion standards.
____ Engines Content:
____ Engine operation Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ Systems ____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Airplane performance factors ____ Cockpit management
____ Takeoff and landing performance ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ Enroute performance ____ Cruise procedures
____ Airports and airport operations ____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
Completion Standards: ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
Stage 3 Exam must be passed with a minimum score of 80%, and ____ Power-on Stalls
reconciled to 100%. ____ Power-off Stalls
Assignment: ____ Unusual attitude recovery
Stage 3 Exam
____ Simulated systems and equipment failure
____ Simulated fire in flight
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
Stage 3 / Module 6 ____ Soft-field approach and landing
Date of Completion: ____ Postflight procedures
Signature: Completion Standards:
This module is complete when the student can demonstrate complex
Time Flown: airplane operations and commercial maneuvers, maintaining com-
mercial pilot practical test standards.
Stage Exam Score:
Commercial Pilot Test Prep, Chapters 2 and 4

Objective:
Ground instruction 1.5 hours, or whatever is necessary to For the student to review all Stage 3 tasks and meet all objectives.
meet objective Content:
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use and cockpit management
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Unusual attitude recovery
____ Simulated fire in flight
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Optional Stage 3 Review Completion Standards:
Date of Completion: This module is complete when the student can demonstrate complex
airplane operations and commercial maneuvers, maintaining com-
Signature: mercial pilot practical test standards.
Time Flown:
Flight School
Stage 4
Prep for Checkride
Objective
the following:

• Heating effects in the atmosphere • Weather information
• Wind • Physiological aspects of night flying
• Clouds and thunderstorms • Lighting and equipment for night flying
• Air masses and frontal weather • Emergency descent
• Weather reports and forecasts • Emergency approach and landing
• Commercial Practical Test Standards • Systems and equipment malfunctions
• Prep for oral portion of checkride • Emergency equipment and survival gear
• The experience and knowledge required by the
Commercial License
• All Commercial maneuvers and experience re-
quired by PTS
• Sign-off for the commercial checkride
least 80% on the Stage 4 Exam, and all deficient areas shall be reconciled to 100%. Students must take and
pass the FAA Commercial Written Exam. At the completion of this stage, student is signed off to take the
Commercial Pilot checkride.
Dual, Night 2.5 hours flight (.4 instrument)
Solo, Night 1.5 hours flight

For the student to gain an understanding of meteorology, specifically For the student to gain additional night flight experience.
the heating effects in the atmosphere and wind.
Content:
Content: Dual Flight (2.5 hours)
____ Review objective of Stage 4 ____ Weather information
Atmosphere ____ Discussion of physiological aspects of night flying
____ Air density ____ Discussion of lighting and equipment for night flying
____ Subdivision of the atmosphere ____ Preflight
____ Air is a mixture of gases ____ Checklist use
____ Standard atmosphere ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
____ Heat exchange processes ____ Steep Turns
____ sun ____ Steep Spirals
____ terrestrial re-radiation ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
____ general circulation ____ Power-on Stalls
____ local heating and cooling ____ Power-off Stalls
____ local air movements ____ Maneuvering solely by reference to instruments
____ temperature inversions ____ Maneuvering under instrument conditions
Wind ____ Simulated emergency descent
____ How wind is described ____ Simulated emergency approach and landing
____ Causes of wind ____ Simulated systems and equipment malfunction
____ Coriolis effect ____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing
____ Geostrophic wind ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
____ Gradient wind ____ Go-around procedures
____ Surface wind ____ Postflight procedures
____ Wind in the tropics
____ High-level weather Solo Flight (1.5 hours)
____ tropopause ____ Preflight
____ jetstreams ____ Checklist use
____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb (4)
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Power-on Stalls
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Steep Turns
Assignment:
Ground School, Chapters 13 and 14 ____ Steep Spirals
____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing (4)
This module is complete when the student can demonstrate correct
operating procedures for night flying. Flight must be maintained
Stage 4 / Module 1
within ±100 feet altitude, ±10 degrees heading, and ±10 knots air-
Date of Completion: speed while performing the maneuvers listed in the content of
this module.
Signature:
Solo, Local, Night 1.5 hours flight

For the student to gain an understanding of meteorology, specifically For the student to review commercial maneuvers and instrument
clouds and thunderstorms, and air masses and frontal weather. flight, and for the student to gain additional solo-night experience.
Content: Content:
Clouds Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ Naming of clouds Note: Flight requires an instrument-rated aircraft.
____ Moisture in the atmosphere ____ Preflight
____ Adiabatic processes ____ Cockpit management
____ Formation of clouds ____ VFR:
____ Precipitation from clouds ____ Short-field takeoff and climb
____ High-level clouds ____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Middle-level clouds
____ Low-level clouds
Thunderstorms ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Life cycle of a thunderstorm ____ Chandelles
____ Severe thunderstorms ____ Lazy Eights
____ Danger of thunderstorms ____ Eights-on-Pylons
____ Lifted index ____ Maneuvering solely by reference to instruments
____ Clouds at high levels ____ Short-field approach and landing
____ Airborne weather radar ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
Air masses
____ IFR:
Frontal weather ____ VOR holding procedures
____ Warm front ____ VOR instrument approach
____ Cold front ____ Missed approach procedures
____ Occluded front ____ Postflight procedures
____ Stationary front
____ Development and decay of fronts Solo Flight (1.5 hours)
____ Depressions, areas of low pressure ____ Preflight
____ Anticyclones, areas of high pressure ____ Checklist use
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Power-on Stalls
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Steep Turns
Ground School, Chapters 15 and 16 ____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing (4)
This module is complete when the student has gained additional
Stage 4 / Module 2 solo night flying experience and has reviewed commercial maneu-
vers and instrument flying procedures. Commercial maneuvers must
Date of Completion: be performed according to Commercial practical test standards, and
instrument flight must maintain specified minimums.
Signature:
Solo, Cross-country, Night 2.0 hours flight

For the student to review weather reports and forecasts. For the student to gain experience in solo night cross-country opera-
tions, and additional proficiency in commercial maneuvers and
Content: instrument flight.
____ Obtaining a weather briefing
Content:
Weather reports Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
____ Weather depiction charts Note: Flight requires an instrument-rated aircraft.
____ Surface analysis charts ____ Preflight
____ Radar summary charts ____ Cockpit management
____ VFR:
____ METAR ____ Soft-field takeoff and climb
____ Pilot weather reports (PIREPs) ____ Steep Turns
Weather forecasts ____ Steep Spirals
____ Low-level significant weather prognostic charts
____ Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF) ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Aviation area forecasts (FA) ____ Chandelles
____ Weather advisories ____ Lazy Eights
____ Winds and temperatures aloft forecasts (FB)
____ Convective outlook charts (AC) ____ Soft-field approach and landing
____ Staying informed in the air ____ Power-off 180° accuracy approach and landing
____ Constant pressure analysis charts ____ Go-around procedures
____ IFR:
____ Other weather information
____ NDB holding procedures
____ RADAT ____ NDB instrument approach
____ composite moisture stability chart ____ Missed approach procedures
____ radar weather reports (SD) ____ Postflight procedures
Completion Standards: ____ Cross-country flight planning
This module is complete when the student has successfully com- ____ Preflight
pleted all review questions following the assigned reading. ____ Checklist use
Ground School, Chapter 18 ____ Cross-country procedures
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
____ Radar services
____ Normal/Crosswind approach and landing (2)
This module is complete when the student has gained additional solo
night flying experience and has reviewed commercial maneuvers and
instrument flying procedures. Commercial maneuvers must be per-
formed according to commercial practical test standards, and instru-
ment flight must maintain specified minimums. Upon completion
Stage 4 / Module 3 of this module, student will have the required 5 hours of solo night
flying experience with 10 takeoffs and landings (with each landing
Date of Completion: involving a flight with a traffic pattern) at an airport with an operat-
ing control tower, and 40 hours of solo cross-country experience.
Signature:

For the student to gain complete proficiency in all areas included in For the student to gain proficiency in the commercial maneuvers and
the Commercial Practical Test Standards. instrument flight operations.
Content: Content:
____ Review the Commercial Practical Test Standards Dual Flight (2.0 hours)
Note: Flight requires an instrument-rated airplane
Assignment: ____ Preflight
Review the Commercial Practical Test Standards ____ Cockpit management
____ VFR:
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ IFR:
____ ILS instrument approach
____ Missed approach procedures
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
Stage 4 / Module 4
Date of Completion: This module is complete when all the commercial maneuvers are
completed according to PTS, and instrument flight maintains speci-
Signature: fied minimums.

Flight School

For the student to review all areas of aeronautical knowledge For the student to gain proficiency in the commercial maneuvers and
required of the Commercial certificate. complex aircraft operations.
Content:
Content:
____ Review all Commercial Pilot subject matter from the
Note: Flight requires a complex, instrument-rated airplane
Commercial Practical Test Standards
____ Preflight
____ Suggested review material: Commercial Oral Exam Guide ____ Cockpit management
____ VFR:
Completion Standards: ____ Normal/Crosswind takeoff and climb
Review Commercial Practical Test Standards in preparation of ____ Steep Turns
the checkride. ____ Steep Spirals
Assignment: ____ Power-on Stalls
Suggested reading: review Commercial Oral Exam Guide ____ Power-off Stalls
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ IFR:
____ ILS instrument approach
____ Missed approach procedures
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ VOR navigation
____ ADF navigation
Stage 4 / Module 5
Date of Completion: This module is complete when all the commercial maneuvers are
completed according to PTS, and instrument flight maintains speci-
Signature: fied minimums.
Flight School
(.4 instrument)
Stage Check

Stage check
Stage exam

For the student to review all Stage 4 objectives, in preparation of the For the student to review all the commercial pilot skill requirements.
Stage 4 Exam. For the Stage Check, student should demonstrate skill in the follow-
ing areas according to the completion standards.
Content:
Content:
____ Heating effects in the atmosphere
____ Wind Note: Flight requires an instrument-rated airplane
____ Clouds and thunderstorms ____ Cross-country flight planning (VFR, IFR)
____ Preflight
____ Air masses and frontal weather
____ Compliance with ATC procedures and clearances
____ Weather reports and forecasts ____ Intercept and track VOR radial and NDB bearing
____ Commercial practical test standards ____ Holding procedures
____ Simulated engine, instrument, and radio failure
____ Areas of knowledge required of the commercial pilot ____ Recover from unusual attitudes
____ Steep Turns
Completion Standards: ____ Steep Spirals
Stage 4 Exam must be passed with a minimum score of 80%, and ____ Maneuvering During Slow Flight
reconciled to 100%. ____ Power-on and off Stalls
____ Chandelles
Assignment: ____ Lazy Eights
Stage 4 Exam ____ Eights-on-Pylons
____ VOR, NDB, ILS approaches
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Power-on and off Stalls
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Stage 4 / Module 6 ____ Soft-field approach and landing
Date of Completion: ____ Postflight procedures
Signature: Completion Standards:

This module is complete when all the maneuvers and areas of aero-
Time Flown: nautical knowledge are demonstrated according to the Commercial
PTS.
Stage Exam Score:

Objective:
Ground instruction 1.5 hours, or whatever is necessary to For the student to become proficient in all commercial maneuvers,
meet objective in preparation for the checkride.
Content:
Note: Flight requires an instrument-rated airplane
____ Cross-country flight planning (VFR, IFR)
____ Preflight
____ Instrument cockpit check
____ Compliance with ATC procedures and clearances
____ Intercept and track VOR radial
____ Intercept and track NDB bearing
____ Holding procedures
____ Simulated loss of communications
____ Simulated radio failure
____ Recover from unusual attitudes
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
____ VOR, NDB, ILS approaches
____ Preflight
____ Checklist use
____ Steep Turns
____ Steep Spirals
____ Chandelles
____ Lazy Eights
Optional Stage 4 Review ____ Short-field approach and landing
Date of Completion: Completion Standards:
This module is complete when all the commercial maneuvers are
Signature: completed according to PTS.
Flight School
Instructor Note: Follow the formats below when signing-off endorsements for your students. (From AC 61-65)
1. Endorsement for aeronautical knowledge: 14 CFR §61.35(a)(1) and §61.123(c)
I certify that (FN, MI, LN) has received the required training of §61.125. I have determined that he/she is
prepared for the (name the knowledge test).
2. Endorsement for flight proficiency practical test 14 CFR §61.123(e) and §61.127
I certify that (FN, MI, LN) has received the required training of §61.127 and §61.129. I have determined
that he/she is prepared for the (name the practical test).
Confirm for the Checkride:

❏ Identification with photo and signature
❏ Pilot certificate current
❏ Current second-class medical (third-class for Practical Test, second-class to exercise privileges)
❏ Completed 8710-1 application with instructor’s signature
❏ Computer test report
❏ Pilot logbook with instructor endorsements
❏ School graduation certificate
❏ Materials necessary for planning a cross-country flight
❏ Examiner’s fee
U.S. Department
of Transportation
Federal Aviation
Administration
FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate
and/or Rating Application
Supplemental Information and Instructions
Paperwork Reduction Act Statement:

The information collected on this form is necessary to determine applicant eligibility for airman ratings. We estimate it
will take 15 minutes to complete this form. The information collected is required to obtain a benefit and becomes part of
the Privacy Act system of records DOT/FAA 847, General Air Transportation Records on Individuals. Please note that
an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it
displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control number associated with this collection is 2120-0021.
Privacy Act
The information on the accompanying form is solicited under authority of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(14 CFR), Part 61. The purpose of this data is to be used to identify and evaluate your qualifications and eligibility for
the issuance of an airman certificate and/or rating. Submission of all requested data is mandatory, except for the Social
Security Number (SSN) which is voluntary. Failure to provide all the required information would result in you not
being issued a certificate and/or rating. The information would become part of the Privacy Act system of records
DOT/FAA 847, General Air Transportation Records on Individuals. The information collected on this form would be
subject to the published routine uses of DOT/FAA 847. Those routine uses are: (a) To provide basic airmen
certification and qualification information to the public upon request. (b) To disclose information to the national
Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) in connection with its investigation responsibilities. (c) To provide information
about airmen to Federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies when engaged in the investigation and
apprehension of drug violators. (d) To provide information about enforcement actions arising out of violations of the
Federal Aviation regulations to government agencies, the aviation industry, and the public upon request. (e) To
disclose information to another Federal agency, or to a court or an administrative tribunal, when the Government or
one of its agencies is a party to a judicial proceeding before the court or involved in administrative proceedings before
the tribunal.
Submission of your Social Security Number is voluntary. Disclosure of your SSN will facilitate maintenance of your
records which are maintained in alphabetical order and cross-referenced with your SSN and airman certificate number
to provide prompt access. In the event of nondisclosure, a unique number will be assigned to your file.
See Privacy Act Information above. Detach this part before submitting form.
Instructions for completing this form (FAA 8710-1) are on the reverse.
If an electronic form is not printed on a duplex printer, the applicant's name, date of birth, and certificate number
(if applicable) must be furnished on the reverse side of the application. This information is required for identification
purposes. The telephone number and E-mail address are optional.
Tear off this cover sheet before submitting this form.
FAA Form 8710-1 (4-00) Supersedes Previous Edition NSN: 0052-00-682-5007

AIRMAN CERTIFICATE AND/OR RATING APPLICATION
INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING FAA FORM 8710-1
I. APPLICATION INFORMATION. Check appropriate blocks(s). Block S. Date Issued. Enter the date your medical certificate was issued.
Block A. Name. Enter legal name. Use no more than one middle name for
record purposes. Do not change the name on subsequent applications unless it Block T. Name of Examiner. Enter the name as shown on medical
is done in accordance with 14 CFR Section 61.25. If you do not have a certificate.
middle name, enter “NMN”. If you have a middle initial only, indicate
“Initial only.” If you are a Jr., or a II, or III, so indicate. If you have an FAA Block U. Narcotics, Drugs. Check appropriate block. Only check “Yes”
certificate, the name on the application should be the same as the name on the if you have actually been convicted. If you have been charged with a
certificate unless you have had it changed in accordance with 14 CFR Section violation which has not been adjudicated, check .“No”.
61.25.
Block V. Date of Final Conviction. If block “U” was checked “Yes”
Block B. Social Security Number. Optional: See supplemental give the date of final conviction.
Information Privacy Act. Do not leave blank: Use only US Social Security
Number. Enter either “SSN” or the words “Do not Use” or “None.” SSN’s II. CERTIFICATE OR RATING APPLIED FOR ON BASIS OF:
are not shown on certificates. Block A. Completion of Required Test.
1. AIRCRAFT TO BE USED. (If flight test required) – Enter the make and
Block C. Date of Birth. Check for accuracy. Enter eight digits; Use model of each aircraft used. If simulator or FTD, indicate.
numeric characters, i.e., 07-09-1925 instead of July 9, 1925. Check to see that 2. TOTAL TIME IN THIS AIRCRAFT (Hrs.) – (a) Enter the total Flight
DOB is the same as it is on the medical certificate. Time in each make and model. (b) Pilot-In-Command Flight Time - In
each make and model.
Block D. Place of Birth. If you were born in the USA, enter the city and
state where you were born. If the city is unknown, enter the county and state. Block B. Military Competence Obtained In. Enter your branch of
If you were born outside the USA, enter the name of the city and country service, date rated as a military pilot, your rank, or grade and service number.
where you were born. In block 4a or 4b, enter the make and model of each military aircraft used to
qualify (as appropriate).
Block E. Permanent Mailing Address. Enter residence number and
street, P.O. Box or rural route number in the top part of the block above the Block C. Graduate of Approved Course.
line. The City, State, and ZIP code go in the bottom part of the block below 1. NAME AND LOCATION OF TRAINING AGENCY/CENTER.
the line. Check for accuracy. Make sure the numbers are not transposed. As shown on the graduation certificate. Be sure the location is entered.
FAA policy requires that you use your permanent mailing address. 2. AGENCY SCHOOL/CENTER CERTIFICATION NUMBER. As shown
Justification must be provided on a separate sheet of paper signed and on the graduation certificate. Indicate if 142 training center.
submitted with the application when a PO Box or rural route number is 3. CURRICULUM FROM WHICH GRADUATED. As shown on the
used in place of your permanent physical address. A map or directions graduation certificate.
must be provided if a physical address is unavailable. 4. DATE. Date of graduation from indicated course. Approved course
graduate must also complete Block “A” COMPLETION OF REQUIRED
Block F. Citizenship. Check USA if applicable. If not, enter the country TEST.
where you are a citizen.
Block D. Holder of Foreign License Issued By.
Block G. Do you read, speak, write and understand the English 1. COUNTRY. Country which issued the license.
language? Check yes or no. 2. GRADE OF LICENSE. Grade of license issued, i.e., private, commercial,
etc.
Block H. Height. Enter your height in inches. Example: 5’8” would be 3. NUMBER. Number which appears on the license.
entered as 68 in. No fractions, use whole inches only. 4. RATINGS. All ratings that appear on the license.
Block I. Weight. Enter your weight in pounds. No fractions, use whole Block E. Completion of Air Carrier’s Approved Training
pounds only. Program.
1. Name of Air Carrier.
Block J. Hair. Spell out the color of your hair. If bald, enter “Bald.” 2. Date program was completed.
Color should be listed as black, red, brown, blond, or gray. If you wear a wig 3. Identify the Training Curriculum.
or toupee, enter the color of your hair under the wig or toupee.
III. RECORD OF PILOT TIME. The minimum pilot experience required
Block K. Eyes. Spell out the color of your eyes. The color should be listed by the appropriate regulation must be entered. It is recommended, however,
as blue, brown, black, hazel, green, or gray.
that ALL pilot time be entered. If decimal points are used, be sure they are
legible. Night flying must be entered when required. You should fill in the
Block L. Sex. Check male or female. blocks that apply and ignore the blocks that do not. Second In Command
“SIC” time used may be entered in the appropriate blocks. Flight Simulator,
Block M. Do You Now Hold or Have You Ever Held An FAA Flight Training Device and PCATD time may be entered in the boxes
Pilot Certificate? Check yes or no. (NOTE: A student pilot certificate is a provided. Total, Instruction received, and Instrument Time should be entered
“Pilot Certificate.”) in the top, middle, or bottom of the boxes provided as appropriate.
Block N. Grade of Pilot Certificate. Enter the grade of pilot certificate
(i.e., Student, Recreational, Private, Commercial, or ATP). Do NOT enter IV. HAVE YOU FAILED A TEST FOR THIS CERTIFICATE OR
flight instructor certificate information. RATING? Check appropriate block.
Block O. Certificate Number. Enter the number as it appears on your V. APPLICANT’S CERTIFICATION.
pilot certificate. A. SIGNATURE. The way you normally sign your name.
B. DATE. The date you sign the application.
Block P. Date Issued. Enter the date your pilot certificate was issued.
Block Q. Do You Now Hold A Medical Certificate? Check yes or

no. If yes, complete Blocks R, S, and T.
Block R. Class of Certificate. Enter the class as shown on the medical

certificate, i.e., 1st, 2nd, or 3rd class.

TYPE OR PRINT ALL ENTRIES IN INK Form Approved OMB No: 2120-0021
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application
l Application Information Student Recreational Private Commercial Airline Transport Instrument
Additional Rating Airplane Single-Engine Airplane Multiengine Rotorcraft Balloon Airship Glider Powered-Lift
Flight Instructor ____ Initial ____ Renewal ____ Reinstatement Additional Instructor Rating Ground Instructor
Medical Flight Test Reexamination Reissuance of ____________________________ certificate Other ______________________
A. Name (Last, First, Middle) B. SSN (US Only) C. Date of Birth D. Place of Birth
Month Day Year
E. Address F. Citizenship Specify G. Do you read, speak, write, & understand

the English language?
USA Other ________________ Yes No
City, State, Zip Code H. Height I. Weight J. Hair K. Eyes L. Sex
Male
Female
M. Do you now hold, or have you ever held an FAA Pilot Certificate? N. Grade Pilot Certificate O. Certificate Number P. Date Issued
Yes No
Q. Do you hold a Yes R. Class of Certificate S. Date Issued T. Name of Examiner
Medical Certificate?
No
U. Have you ever been convicted for violation of any Federal or State statutes relating to narcotic drugs, marijuana, or depressant or stimulant drugs or substances? V. Date of Final Conviction
Yes No
II. Certificate or Rating Applied For on Basis of:

A. 1. Aircraft to be used (if flight test required) 2a. Total time in this aircraft / SIM / FTD 2b. Pilot in command
Completion of
Required Test
hours hours
B. 1. Service 2. Date Rated 3. Rank or Grade and Service Number
Military
Competence
Obtained In 4a. Flown 10 hours PIC in last 12 months in the following Military Aircraft. 4b. US Military PIC & Instrument check in last 12 months (List Aircraft)
C. 1. Name and Location of Training Agency or Training Center 1a. Certification Number
Graduate of
Approved
Course 2. Curriculum From Which Graduated 3. Date
D. 1. Country 2. Grade of License 3. Number

Holder of Foreign
License
Issued By 4. Ratings
E. 1. Name of Air Carrier 2. Date 3. Which Curriculum

Completion of Air
Carrier's Approved
Training Program Initial Upgrade Transition
III RECORD OF PILOT TIME (Do not write in the shaded areas.)
Pilot Cross
Night Night Night Number of Number of
Instruction in Country Cross Cross Number of Number of
Total Solo Instrument Instruction Take-off/ Night PIC Take-Off/ Ground Powered
Received Command Instruction Country Solo Country PIC Flights Aero-Tows
Received Landings Landing PIC Launches Launches
(PIC) Received
PIC PIC PIC PIC
Airplanes SIC SIC SIC SIC
PIC PIC PIC PIC

Rotor-
craft SIC SIC SIC SIC
PIC PIC PIC PIC

Powered
Lift SIC SIC SIC SIC
Gliders
Lighter
Than Air
Simulator
Training
Device
PCATD
IV. Have you failed a test for this certificate or rating? Yes No
V. Applicants's Certification -- I certify that all statements and answers provided by me on this application form are complete and true to the best of my knowledge
and I agree that they are to be considered as part of the basis for issuance of any FAA certificate to me. I have also read and understand the Privacy Act statement
that accompanies this form.
Signature of Applicant Date

Instructor's Recommendation
I have personally instructed the applicant and consider this person ready to take the test.
Date Instructor's Signature (Print Name & Sign) Certificate No: Certificate Expires
Air Agency's Recommendation

The applicant has successfully completed our _________________________________________________________course, and is recommended for certification or rating
without further _____________________________________________test.
Date Agency Name and Number Officials Signature
Title
Designated Examiner or Airman Certification Representative Report

Student Pilot Certificate Issued (Copy attached)
I have personally reviewed this applicant's pilot logbook and/or training record, and certify that the individual meets the pertinent requirements
of 14 CFR Part 61 for the certificate or rating sought.
I have personally reviewed this applicant's graduation certificate, and found it to be appropriate and in order, and have returned the certificate.
I have personally tested and/or verified this applicant in accordance with pertinent procedures and standards with the result indicated below.
Approved -- Temporary Certificate Issued (Original Attached)
Disapproved -- Disapproval Notice Issued (Original Attached)
Location of Test (Facility, City, State) Duration of Test
Ground Simulator/FTD Flight
Certificate or Rating for Which Tested Type(s) of Aircraft Used Registration No.(s)
Date Examiner's Signature (Print Name & Sign) Certificate No. Designation No. Designation Expires
Evaluator's Record (Use For ATP Certificate and/or Type Ratings)

Inspector Examiner Signature and Certificate Number Date
Oral _______________________________________________________________ __________________________
Approved Simulator/Training Device Check _______________________________________________________________ __________________________
Aircraft Flight Check _______________________________________________________________ __________________________
Advanced Qualification Program _______________________________________________________________ __________________________
Aviation Safety Inspector or Technician Report

I have personally tested this applicant in accordance with or have otherwise verified that this applicant complies with pertinent procedures, standards, policies, and or
necessary requirements with the result indicated below.
Approved -- Temporary Certificate Issued (Original Attached) Disapproved -- Disapproval Notice Issued (Original Attached)
Location of Test (Facility, City, State) Duration of Test
Ground Simulator/FTD Flight
Certificate or Rating for Which Tested Type(s) of Aircraft Used Registration No.(s)
Student Pilot Certificate Issued Certificate or Rating Based on Flight Instructor Ground Instructor
Examiner's Recommendation Military Competence Renewal
Accepted Rejected Foreign License Reinstatement
Reissue or Exchange of Pilot Certificate Approved Course Graduate Instructor Renewal Based on
Special Medical test conducted -- report forwarded Other Approved FAA Qualification Criteria Activity Training Course
to Aeromedical Certification Branch, AAM-330 Test Duties and
Responsibilities
Training Course (FIRC) Name Graduation Certificate No. Date
Date Inspector's Signature (Print Name & Sign) Certificate No. FAA District Office
Attachments: Airman's Identification (ID)

Student Pilot Certificate (Copy) __________________________________________________ ID:
Form of ID Name: _____________________________________________
Knowledge Test Report __________________________________________________
Number Date of Birth: _______________________________________
Temporary Airman Certificate __________________________________________________
Expiration Date Certificate Number: __________________________________
Notice of Disapproval __________________________________________________
Telephone Number E-Mail Address ______________________________________
Superseded Airman Certificate
Stage 1 Exam Name:
Introduction to the Grade: Date:
Commercial Certificate Instructor:
Circle the most correct answer choice. 6. Longitudinal dynamic instability in an airplane can
be identified by
1. When the angle-of-attack of a symmetrical airfoil A — bank oscillations becoming progressively
is increased, the center of pressure will steeper.
A — move aft (rearward). B — pitch oscillations becoming progressively
B — move forward. steeper.
C — not move. C — the need to apply continuous forward pressure
on the control column.
2. A symmetrical airfoil moving through the air at
zero degrees angle-of-attack 7. If a tire has moved so that the creep marks are out
A — will generate a low static pressure above the of alignment, then
wing and a high static pressure beneath the A — the tire is serviceable.
wing. B — the tire should be inspected and possibly
B — will produce a high pressure above the wing reinstalled or replaced.
and a low pressure beneath the wing. C — tire pressure should be checked.
C — will cause similar acceleration of the airflow
over both upper and lower surfaces, similar 8. Most light airplane braking systems are operated
velocities of flow generating similar pressures A — by cables.
and therefore no lift. B — pneumatically.
C — hydraulically.
3. The lift generated by an airfoil is
A — proportional to the square of the velocity of the 9. How many hours are required for completion of
relative airflow. the Commercial Certificate, following a Part 141
B — inversely proportional to the air density. program?
C — inversely proportional to the wing surface area. A — 190 hours of flight training, 100 hours of
ground training.
4. If the airplane attitude remains in a new position B — 250 hours of flight training, 35 hours of
after the control column is pressed forward and ground training.
released, the airplane is said to display C — 120 hours of flight training, 35 hours of
A — negative longitudinal static stability. ground training.
B — positive longitudinal static stability.
C — neutral longitudinal static stability. 10. What is density altitude?
A — The altitude above the standard datum plane.
5. If the airplane attitude oscillates about its original B — The pressure altitude corrected for non-stan-
position before gradually settling down after the dard temperature.
control column is pressed forward and released, the C — The altitude read directly from the altimeter.
airplane is said to display
A — positive dynamic stability. 11. If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11
B — neutral static stability. to 29.96, what is the approximate change in
C — negative dynamic stability. indication?
A — The altimeter will indicate 15 in. Hg higher.
B — The altimeter will indicate 150 feet higher.
C — The altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.
Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. Commercial Pilot Syllabus Stage 1 Exam Appendix 1–1
12. In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass 16. During a night flight, you observe a steady white
will normally indicate a turn toward the north if light and a flashing red light ahead and at the same
A — a right turn is entered from an east heading. altitude. What is the general direction of movement
B — a left turn is entered from a west heading. of the other aircraft?
C — the aircraft is accelerated while on an east or A — The other aircraft is crossing to the left.
west heading. B — The other aircraft is crossing to the right.
C — The other aircraft is flying away from you.
13. Minimum thrust for steady cruise flight occurs at
A — maximum cruise speed. 17. To best overcome the effects of spatial disorienta-
B — minimum cruise speed. tion, a pilot should
C — the speed for minimum total drag. A — rely on body sensations.
B — increase the breathing rate.
14. (Refer to Exam Figure 1, below.) At the airspeed C — rely on aircraft instrument indications.
represented by point “B,” in steady flight the pilot
can expect to obtain the airplane’s maximum 18. In a nonpressurized airplane, at high altitudes, the
A — endurance. amount of oxygen that diffuses across the lung
B — glide range and cruise range. membranes and into the blood is
C — coefficient of lift. A — decreased because of the low partial pressure
of oxygen.
B — decreased because of the lower temperatures.
C — unchanged to that at sea level.
19. If a pilot does not meet the recency of experience

requirements for night flight and official sunset
is 1800 CST, the latest time passengers should be
carried is
A — 1759 CST.
B — 1829 CST.
C — 1859 CST.
20. For 14 CFR Part 135 Operations, the airplane flight

manual specifies a maximum altitude loss of 75
feet for malfunction of the autopilot under cruise
conditions. What is the lowest altitude above the
terrain the autopilot may be used during enroute
operations?
Exam Figure 1. Drag vs. speed
A — 500 feet.
B — 1,000 feet.
15. While maintaining a constant bank angle and C — 1,500 feet.
altitude in a coordinated turn, an increase in
airspeed will 21. Which is required equipment for powered aircraft
during VFR night flights?
A — decrease the rate of turn resulting in a
decreased load factor. A — Anticollision light system.
B — decrease the rate of turn resulting in no change B — Gyroscopic direction indicator.
in load factor. C — Gyroscopic bank-and-pitch indicator.
C — increase the rate of turn resulting in no change
in load factor.
22. In theory, if the angle of attack and other factors 28. A pilot is entering an area where significant clear
remain constant and the airspeed is doubled, the lift air turbulence has been reported. Which action is
produced at the higher speed will be appropriate upon encountering the first ripple?
A — the same as the lower speed. A — Maintain altitude and airspeed.
B — two times greater than at the lower speed. B — Adjust airspeed to that recommended for
C — four times greater than at the lower speed. rough air.
C — Enter a shallow climb or descent at maneu-
23. (Refer to Exam Figure 2, Page 1– 4) How much vering speed.
altitude will this airplane lose in 3 miles of gliding
at an angle of attack of 8°? 29. What flight time must be shown, in a reliable
A — 440 feet. record, by a pilot exercising the privileges of a
B — 880 feet. commercial certificate?
C — 1,320 feet. A — Flight time showing aeronautical training and
experience to meet requirements for a certifi-
24. Stall speed is affected by cate or rating.
A — weight, load factor, and power. B — All flight time flown for compensation or hire.
B — load factor, angle of attack, and power. C — Only flight time for compensation or hire with
C — angle of attack, weight, and air density. passengers aboard which is necessary to meet
the recent flight experience requirements.
25. If the same angle of attack is maintained in ground
effect as when out of ground effect, lift will 30. 14 CFR Part 135 applies to which operation?
A — increase, and induced drag will decrease. A — Nonstop sightseeing flights that begin and end
B — decrease, and parasite drag will increase. at the same airport, and are conducted within a
C — increase, and induced drag will increase. 25 SM radius of that airport.
B — Aerial operations for compensation, such as
26. Which procedure should you follow to avoid aerial photography, pipeline patrol, rescue, and
wake turbulence if a large jet crosses your course crop dusting.
from left to right approximately 1 mile ahead and C — Commercial operations (not an air carrier) in
at your altitude? an aircraft with less than 20 passenger seats
and a maximum payload capacity of less than
A — Make sure you are slightly above the path of 6,000 pounds.
the jet.
B — Slow your airspeed to VA and maintain altitude
and course.
C — Make sure you are slightly below the path of
the jet and perpendicular to the course.
27. What is the operational difference between the turn

coordinator and the turn-and-slip indicator? The
turn coordinator
A — is always electric; the turn-and-slip indicator is
always vacuum-driven.
B — indicates bank angle only; the turn-and-slip in-
dicator indicates rate of turn and coordination.
C — indicates roll rate, rate of turn, and coordina-
tion; the turn-and-slip indicator indicates rate
of turn and coordination.
Exam Figure 2
Stage 2 Exam Name:
Cross-Country Grade: Date:
Flight Experience Instructor:
Circle the most correct answer choice. 5. (Refer to Exam Figure 3, Page 2–4.) Given:
Empty weight (oil is included).....................1,271 lb
1. What is the minimum radio equipment required for Empty weight moment (in-lb/1,000)............102.04
operation within Class C airspace? Pilot and copilot............................................360 lb
A — Two-way radio communication equipment and Cargo............................................................340 lb
a 4096 transponder. Fuel...............................................................37 gal
B — Two-way radio communications equipment Will the CG remain within limits after 30 gallons of
and a 4096-code transponder and a DME. fuel have been used in flight?
C — Two-way radio communications equipment
and a 4096-code transponder with an encoding A — Yes, the CG will remain within limits.
altimeter (Mode C). B — No, the CG will be located aft of the CG limit.
C — Yes, but the CG will be located in the shaded
2. Pilots flying over a national wildlife refuge are area of the CG envelope.
requested to fly no lower than
6. (Refer to Exam Figure 4, Page 2–5.) Which illus-
A — 1,000 feet AGL. tration indicates that the airplane should be turned
B — 2,000 feet AGL. 150° left to intercept the 360 radial at a 60° angle
C — 3,000 feet AGL. inbound?
3. If fuel consumption is 80 pounds per hour and A — A.
groundspeed is 180 knots, how much fuel is B — B.
required for an airplane to travel 460 NM? C — C.
A — 205 pounds. 7. (Refer to Exam Figure 5, Page 2–6.) If an aircraft
B — 212 pounds. has the indications shown in instrument group 3,
C — 460 pounds. then makes a 180° turn to the left and continues
straight ahead, it will intercept which radial?
4. An airplane departs an airport under the following
conditions: A — 135 radial.
B — 270 radial.
Airport elevation......................................... 1,000 ft C — 360 radial.
Cruise altitude............................................. 9,500 ft
Rate of climb.............................................. 500 fpm 8. Calculate distance to the station given:
Average true airspeed................................. 135 kt
True course................................................. 215° Wing tip bearing change............................ 5°
Average wind velocity................................ 290°T/20 Time elapsed between bearing change...... 5 min
Variation..................................................... 3°W True airspeed............................................. 115 knots
Deviation.................................................... -2° A — 230 NM (45 min).
Average fuel consumption.......................... 13 gal/hr B — 115 NM (60 min).
C — 85 NM (45 min).
Determine the approximate time, compass heading,
distance, and fuel consumed during the climb.
9. While cruising at 135 knots and on a constant
A — 14 minutes, 234°, 26 NM, 3.9 gallons. heading, the ADF needle decreases from a relative
B — 17 minutes, 224°, 36 NM, 3.7 gallons. bearing of 315° to 270° in 7 minutes. The approxi-
C — 17 minutes, 242°, 31 NM, 3.5 gallons. mate time and distance to the station being used is
A — 7 minutes and 16 miles.
B — 14 minutes and 28 miles.
C — 19 minutes and 38 miles.
10. (Refer to Exam Figure 6, Page 2–7.) Determine the 16. In what ways do advection fog, radiation fog, and
magnetic bearing TO the station as indicated by the steam fog differ in their formation or location?
ADF dial. A — Radiation fog is restricted to land areas; advec-
A — 330°. tion fog is most common along coastal areas;
B — 180°. steam fog forms over a water surface.
C — 210°. B — Advection fog deepens as wind speed increas-
es up to 20 knots; steam fog requires calm or
11. What is a suitable cruise altitude at or above your very light wind; radiation fog forms when the
safety altitude of 4,300 feet MSL if the cloud bases ground or water cools the air by radiation.
are at 7,000 feet MSL and your planned magnetic C — Steam fog forms from moist air moving over a
course is 250°? colder surface; advection fog requires cold air
A — 5,500 feet MSL. over a warmer surface; radiation fog is pro-
B — 4,500 feet MSL. duced by radiation cooling of the ground.
C — 6,500 feet MSL.
17. Which in-flight hazard is most commonly associ-
12. (Refer to Exam Figure 7, Page 2–7.) If more than ated with warm fronts?
one cruising altitude is intended, which should be A — Advection fog.
entered in block 7 of the flight plan? B — Radiation fog.
A — Initial cruising altitude. C — Precipitation-induced fog.
B — Highest cruising altitude.
C — Lowest cruising altitude. 18. Given:
Wind.................................................... 175° at 20 kts
13. You are 2 NM left of course after traveling 15 NM. Distance............................................... 135 NM
What is the tracking error? True course.......................................... 075°
A — 8° left. True airspeed....................................... 80 kts
B — 8° right. Fuel consumption................................ 105 lb/hr
C — 12° left. Determine the time en route and fuel consumption.
A — 1 hour 28 minutes and 73.2 pounds.
14. What is indicated if ice pellets are encountered at B — 1 hour 38 minutes and 158 pounds.
8,000 feet? C — 1 hour 40 minutes and 175 pounds.
A — Freezing rain at higher altitude.
B — You are approaching an area of thunderstorms. 19. Given:
C — You will encounter hail if you continue your Pressure altitude..........................................12,000 ft
flight. True air temperature....................................+50°F
15. Which conditions are favorable for the formation From the conditions given, the approximate density
of a surface-based temperature inversion? altitude is
A — Clear, cool nights with calm or light wind. A — 11,900 feet.
B — Area of unstable air rapidly transferring heat B — 14,130 feet.
from the surface. C — 18,150 feet.
C — Broad areas of cumulus clouds with smooth,
level bases at the same altitude. 20. Given:
True course.......................................................345°
True heading.....................................................355°
True airspeed....................................................85 kts
Groundspeed.....................................................95 kts
Determine the wind direction and speed.
A — 095° and 19 knots.
B — 113° and 19 knots.
C — 238° and 18 knots.
21. Given: 26. While maintaining a constant heading, a relative
Distance off course.........................................9 mi bearing of 10° doubles in 5 minutes. If the true
Distance flown................................................95 mi airspeed is 105 knots, the time and distance to the
Distance to fly.................................................125 mi station being used is approximately
To converge at the destination, the total correction A — 5 minutes and 8.7 miles.
angle would be B — 10 minutes and 17 miles.
C — 15 minutes and 31.2 miles.
A — 4°.
B — 6°. 27. What designated airspace associated with an
C — 10°. airport become inactive when the control tower at
that airport is not in operation?
22. To track inbound on the 215 radial of a VOR
station, the recommended procedure is to set the A — Class D, which then becomes Class C.
OBS to B — Class D, which then become Class E.
C — Class B.
A — 215° and make heading corrections toward the
CDI needle. 28. Which is true relating to the blue and magenta
B — 215° and make heading corrections away from colors used to depict airports on Sectional Aero-
the CDI needle. nautical Charts?
C — 035° and make heading corrections toward the
CDI needle. A — Class E airports are shown in blue; Class C
and D are magenta.
23. Inbound on the 040 radial, a pilot selects the 055 B — Class B airports are shown in blue; Class D
radial, turns 15° to the left, and notes the time. and E are magenta.
While maintaining a constant heading, the pilot C — Class E airports are shown in magenta; Class
notes the time for the CDI to center is 15 minutes. B, C, and D are blue.
Based on this information, the ETE to the station is
29. What is the minimum flight visibility and proxim-
A — 8 minutes. ity to cloud requirements for VFR flight, at 6,500
B — 15 minutes. feet MSL, in Class C, D, and E airspace?
C — 30 minutes.
A — 1 mile visibility; clear of clouds.
24. An aircraft is maintaining a magnetic heading of B — 3 miles visibility; 1,000 feet above and 500
265° and the ADF shows a relative bearing of 065°. feet below.
This indicates that the aircraft is crossing the C — 5 miles visibility; 1,000 feet above and 1,000
feet below.
A — 065° magnetic bearing FROM the radio bea-
con. 30. To operate an airplane under Special VFR (SVFR)
B — 150° magnetic bearing FROM the radio bea- within Class D airspace at night, which is required?
con.
C — 330° magnetic bearing FROM the radio bea- A — The pilot must hold an instrument pilot rat-
con. ing, but the airplane need not be equipped for
instrument flight, as long as the weather will
25. The relative bearing on an ADF changes from 265° remain at or above SVFR minimums.
to 260° in 2 minutes elapsed time. If the ground- B — The Class D airspace must be specifically
speed is 145 knots, the distance to that station designated as a night SVFR area.
would be C — The pilot must hold an instrument pilot rating
and the airplane must be equipped for instru-
A — 26 NM. ment flight.
B — 37 NM.
C — 58 NM.
Exam Figure 3. Loading graph and center-of-gravity envelope
Exam Figure 4
Exam Figure 5. Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)
33
30 0
27
3
24
6
21
9
8 12
15 1
SET
Exam Figure 6

US DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
(FAA USE ONLY) ■ PILOT BRIEFING ■ VNR TIME STARTED SPECIALIST
INITIALS
FLIGHT PLAN ■ STOPOVER
1 TYPE 2 AIRCRAFT 3 AIRCRAFT TYPE/ 4 TRUE 5 DEPARTURE POINT 6 DEPARTURE TIME 7 CRUISING
IDENTIFICATION SPECIAL EQUIPMENT AIRSPEED ALTITUDE
VFR PROPOSED (2) ACTUAL (2)
IFR
DVFR
8 ROUTE OF FLIGHT
9 DESTINATION (Name of airport 10 EST TIME ENROUTE 11 REMARKS

and city)
HOURS MINUTES
12 FUEL ON BOARD 13 ALTERNATE AIRPORT(S) 14 PILOT'S NAME, ADDRESS & TELEPHONE NUMBER & AIRCRAFT HOME BASE 15 NUMBER
ABOARD
HOURS MINUTES
17 DESTINATION CONTACT/TELEPHONE (OPTIONAL)
16 COLOR OF AIRCRAFT
CIVIL AIRCRAFT PILOTS. FAR Part 91 requires you file an IFR flight plan to operate under instrument flight rules in
controlled airspace. Failure to file could result in a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000 for each violation (Section 901 of
the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended). Filing of a VFR flight plan is recommended as a good operating practice.
See also Part 99 for requirements concerning DVFR flight plans.
FAA Form 7233-1 (8-82) CLOSE VFR FLIGHT PLAN WITH FSS ON ARRIVAL
Exam Figure 7. Flight plan form
Stage 3 Exam Name:
Complex Aircraft and Grade: Date:
Night Flying Experience Instructor:
Circle the most correct answer choice. 6. If the oil temperature gauge and the cylinder head
temperature gauge are both reading higher than the
1. The spark plugs in a piston engine are provided normal operating range, a possible cause is
with a high energy (or high tension) electrical A — an over-rich mixture and too much power.
supply from B — a too-lean mixture and too much power.
A — the battery at all times. C — fuel with a higher-than-specified fuel rating.
B — the magnetos.
C — the battery at start-up, and then the magnetos. 7. What type of fuel can be substituted in an aircraft if
the recommended octane is not available?
2. While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air A — The next higher octane aviation gas.
mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a B — The next lower octane aviation gas.
descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without read- C — Unleaded automotive gas of the same octane
justing the mixture? rating.
A — The fuel/air mixture may become excessively
lean. 8. If you allow a fuel tank to run dry in flight before
B — There will be more fuel in the cylinders than is changing tanks, you run the risk of
needed for normal combustion, and the excess A — air being drawn into the fuel lines and causing
fuel will absorb heat and cool the engine. a vapor lock.
C — The excessively rich mixture will create higher B — overheating the fuel pump, leading to failure.
cylinder head temperatures and may cause C — pumping foreign matter into the fuel lines.
detonation.
9. The battery master switch should be turned to OFF
3. Which condition is most favorable to the develop- after the engine is stopped to avoid the battery
ment of carburetor icing? discharging through
A — Any temperature below freezing and a relative A — the magnetos.
humidity of less than 50 percent. B — the alternator or generator.
B — Between 32°F and 50°F and low humidity. C — the electrical services connected to it.
C — Between 20°F and 70°F and high humidity.
10. If the operational category of an airplane is listed
4. In an airplane with a constant-speed propeller, as “utility” it would mean that this airplane could
which of the following procedures should be used? be operated in which of the following maneuvers?
A — When power is decreased, reduce rpm before A — All types of acrobatics.
manifold pressure. B — Limited acrobatics, including spins (if
B — When power is increased, increase rpm before approved).
manifold pressure. C — Any maneuver except acrobatics or spins.
C — When power is increased or decreased, adjust
manifold pressure before rpm. 11. Which V-speed represents maximum landing gear
extended speed?
5. When operating a constant-speed propeller
A — VLE
A — avoid high rpm setting with high manifold B — VLO
pressures. C — VFE
B — avoid low rpm setting with high manifold pres-
sures.
C — always use a rich mixture with high rpm set-
tings.
12. Which combination of atmospheric conditions will 17. (Refer to Exam Figure 9, Page 3–5.) What flight
reduce airplane takeoff and climb performance? time is available, allowing for VFR day fuel
A — Low temperature, low relative humidity, and reserve, under the following conditions if the
low density altitude. mixture is leaned correctly?
B — High temperature, low relative humidity, and Pressure altitude......................... 18,000 ft
low density altitude. Temperature................................ -21°C
C — High temperature, high relative humidity, and Power.......................................... 2,400 rpm, 28" MP
high density altitude. Usable fuel.................................. 425 lb
A — 5 hours 28 minutes.
13. Which procedure should you follow to avoid wake B — 4 hours 01 minutes.
turbulence if a large jet crosses your course from C — 3 hours 14 minutes.
left to right approximately 1 mile ahead and at your
altitude? 18. A military air station can be identified by a rotating
A — Make sure you are slightly above the path of beacon that emits
the jet. A — white and green alternating flashes.
B — Slow your airspeed to VA and maintain altitude B — two, quick, white flashes between green
and course. flashes.
C — Make sure you are slightly below the path of C — green, yellow, and white flashes.
the jet and perpendicular to the course.
19. A flashing white light signal from the control tower
14. What is ground effect? to a taxiing aircraft is an indication to
A — The result of the interference of the surface A — taxi at a faster speed.
of the earth with the airflow patterns about an B — taxi only on taxiways and not cross runways.
airplane. C — return to the starting point on the airport.
B — The result of an alteration in airflow patterns
increasing induced drag about the wings of an 20. After landing at a tower-controlled airport, when
airplane. should the pilot contact ground control?
C — The result of the disruption of the airflow
patterns about the wings of an airplane to the A — When advised to do so by the tower.
point where the wings will no longer support B — Prior to turning off the runway.
the airplane in flight. C — After reaching a taxiway that leads directly to
the parking area.
15. (Refer to Exam Figure 8, Page 3–4.) Given:
21. Leaving the carburetor heat on while taking off
Temperature......................................... 30°F
Pressure altitude.................................. 6,000 feet A — leans the mixture for more power on takeoff.
Weight................................................. 3,300 pounds B — will decrease the takeoff distance.
Headwind............................................. 20 knots C — will increase the ground roll.
What is the total takeoff distance over a 50-foot 22. For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines
obstacle? are especially dependent on
A — 1,100 feet. A — a properly functioning cowl flap augmenter.
B — 1,300 feet. B — the circulation of lubricating oil.
C — 1,500 feet. C — the proper freon/compressor output ratio.
16. Which maximum range factor decreases as weight 23. To develop maximum power and thrust, a constant-
decreases? speed propeller should be set to a blade angle that
A — Maximum range altitude. will produce a
B — Maximum range airspeed. A — large angle of attack and low RPM.
C — Maximum range angle-of-attack. B — small angle of attack and high RPM.
C — large angle of attack and high RPM.
24. During preflight in cold weather, crankcase 28. (Refer to Exam Figure 10, Page 3–6.) Rwy 30 is
breather lines should receive special attention being used for landing. Which surface wind would
because they are susceptible to being clogged by exceed the airplane’s crosswind capability of 0.2
A — congealed oil from the crankcase. VSO, if VSO is 60 knots?
B — moisture from the outside air which has fro- A — 260° at 20 knots.
zen. B — 275° at 25 knots.
C — ice from crankcase vapors that have condensed C — 315° at 35 knots.
and subsequently frozen.
29. Which type of approach and landing is recom-
25. Propeller efficiency is the mended during gusty wind conditions?
A — ratio of thrust horsepower to brake horsepow- A — A power-on approach and power-on landing.
er. B — A power-off approach and power-on landing.
B — actual distance a propeller advances in one C — A power-on approach and power-off landing.
revolution.
C — ratio of geometric pitch to effective pitch. 30. (Refer to Exam Figure 11, Page 3–7.) Using a
maximum rate of climb, how much fuel would
26. Baggage weighing 90 pounds is placed in a normal be used from engine start to 6,000 feet pressure
category airplane’s baggage compartment which altitude?
is placarded at 100 pounds. If this airplane is Aircraft weight.............................................3,200 lb
subjected to a positive load factor of 3.5 Gs, the Airport pressure altitude...............................2,000 ft
total load of the baggage would be Temperature..................................................27°C
A — 315 pounds and would be excessive. A — 10 pounds.
B — 315 pounds and would not be excessive. B — 14 pounds.
C — 350 pounds and would not be excessive. C — 24 pounds.
27. Given:
Total weight............................................ 4,137 lb
CG location............................................. Station 67.8
Fuel consumption................................... 13.7 GPH
Fuel CG.................................................. Station 68.0
After 1 hour 30 minutes of flight time, the CG
would be located at station
A — 67.79.
B — 68.79.
C — 70.78.
Exam Figure 8. Obstacle takeoff chart
Exam Figure 9. Cruise performance
Exam Figure 10. Wind component chart
Exam Figure 11. Fuel, time, and distance to climb
Stage 4 Exam Name:
Prep for Checkride Grade: Date:
Final Exam Instructor:
Circle the most correct answer choice. 7. When an air mass is stable, which of these condi-
tions are most likely to exist?
1. Most of the water vapor in the atmosphere is
A — Towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds.
contained in the B — Moderate to severe turbulence at the lower
A — tropopause. levels.
B — troposphere. C — Smoke and/or dust are concentrated at the
C — stratosphere. lower levels with resulting poor visibility.
2. Every physical process of weather is accompanied 8. What minimum distance should exist between
by or is the result of intense radar echoes before any attempt is made to
A — a heat exchange. fly between these thunderstorms?
B — the movement of air. A — 20 miles.
C — a pressure differential. B — 30 miles.
C — 40 miles.
3. Convective circulation patterns associated with sea
breezes are caused by 9. Which combination of weather-producing variables
A — warm, dense air moving inland from over would likely result in cumuliform-type clouds,
the water. good visibility, and shower rain?
B — water absorbing and radiating heat faster than A — Stable, moist air and orographic lifting.
the land. B — Unstable, moist air and orographic lifting.
C — cool, dense air moving inland from over C — Unstable, moist air and no lifting mechanism.
the water.
10. Which is true with respect to a high or low-pres-
4. What causes air to flow counterclockwise around a sure system?
low-pressure area in the Northern Hemisphere? A — A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of
A — Coriolis force. rising air.
B — Surface friction. B — A low-pressure area or trough is an area of
C — Pressure gradient. descending air.
C — A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of
5. During the summer months in the middle latitudes, descending air.
the jetstream shifts toward the
A — north and speed decreases. 11. When flying into a low-pressure area in the North-
B — south and speed increases. ern Hemisphere, the wind direction and velocity
C — north and speed increases. will be from the
A — left and decreasing.
6. A strong windshear can be expected B — left and increasing.
A — in the jetstream from above a core having a C — right and decreasing.
speed of 60 to 90 knots.
B — if the 5°C isotherms are spaced between 7° 12. Which is true regarding a cold front occlusion?
and 10° of latitude. A — The air ahead of the warm front is colder than
C — on the low-pressure side of a jetstream core the air behind the overtaking cold front.
where the speed at the core is stronger than B — The air ahead of the warm front is warmer
110 knots. than the air behind the overtaking cold front.
C — The air ahead of the warm front has the same
temperature as the air behind the overtaking
cold front.
13. What is the upper limit of the Low Level Signifi- 20. The station originating the following METAR
cant Weather Prognostic Chart? observation has a field elevation of 3,500 feet
A — 30,000 feet. MSL. If the sky cover is one continuous layer, what
B — 24,000 feet. is the thickness of the cloud layer? (Top of overcast
C — 18,000 feet. reported at 7,500 feet MSL.)
METAR KHOB 151250Z 17006KT 4SM OVC005
14. Hatching on a Constant Pressure Analysis Chart 13/11 A2998
indicates A — 2,500 feet.
A — a hurricane eye. B — 3,500 feet.
B — wind speed 70 knots to 100 knots. C — 4,000 feet.
C — wind speed 110 knots to 150 knots.
21. Which statement pertaining to the following Termi-
15. Terminal aerodrome forecasts are issued nal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is true?
A — 4 times daily and are valid for 24 hours. TAF
B — 6 times daily and are valid for 8 hours. KMEM 091135Z 0915 15005KT 5SM HZ
C — hourly and are valid for 1 hour. BKN060 FM 1600 VRB04KT P6SM SKC
A — Wind in the valid period implies surface winds
16. What prevents air from flowing directly from high- are forecast to be greater than 5 KTS.
pressure areas to low-pressure areas? B — Wind direction is from 160° at 4 KTS and
A — Coriolis force. reported visibility is 6 statute miles.
B — Surface friction. C — SKC in the valid period indicates no signifi-
C — Pressure gradient force. cant weather and sky clear.
22. What values are used for Winds Aloft Forecasts?

17. What is the approximate base of the cumulus
clouds if the temperature at 2,000 feet MSL is 70°F A — True direction and MPH.
and the dewpoint is 52°F? B — True direction and knots.
C — Magnetic direction and knots.
A — 3,000 feet MSL.
B — 4,000 feet MSL. 23. From which of the following can the observed
C — 6,000 feet MSL. temperature, wind, and temperature/dew point
spread be determined at a specified altitude?
18. Virga is best described as
A — Stability Charts.
A — streamers of precipitation trailing beneath B — Winds Aloft Forecasts.
clouds which evaporates before reaching the C — Constant Pressure Analysis Charts.
ground.
B — wall cloud torrents trailing beneath cumulo- 24. FSS’s in the conterminous 48 United States having
nimbus clouds which dissipate before reach- voice capability on VORs or radiobeacons (NDBs)
ing the ground. broadcast
C — turbulent areas beneath cumulonimbus clouds.
A — AIRMETs and SIGMETs at 15 minutes past
the hour and each 15 minutes thereafter as
19. Given:
long as they are in effect.
Winds at 3,000 feet AGL . .............................. 30 kts B — AIRMETs and nonconvective SIGMETs at 15
Surface winds.................................................. Calm minutes and 45 minutes past the hour for the
While approaching for landing under clear skies a first hour after issuance.
few hours after sunrise, one should C — hourly weather reports at 15 and 45 minutes
A — allow a margin of approach airspeed above past each hour for those reporting stations
normal to avoid stalling. within approximately 150 NM of the broadcast
B — keep the approach airspeed at or slightly below stations.
normal to compensate for floating.
C — not alter the approach airspeed, these condi-
tions are nearly ideal.
25. When making an instrument approach at the 30. What tolerances must be maintained to perform
selected alternate airport, what landing minimums Stalls according to the Commercial Practical Test
apply? Standards?
A — Standard alternate minimums. A — Altitude must remain above 1,500 feet AGL,
B — The IFR alternate minimums listed for that heading ±10°, and recovery promptly made.
airport. B — Altitude must remain above 3,000 feet AGL,
C — The landing minimums published for the type heading ±10°, and recovery promptly made.
of procedure selected. C — Announces first indication of stall, maintains
heading ±15°, and recovers promptly.
26. Which is true regarding the use of a Standard
Instrument Departure (DP) chart? 31. According to the Commercial Practical Test Stan-
A — At airfields where DPs have been established, dards, a Steep Turn must be performed maintaining
DP usage is mandatory for IFR departures. A — a coordinated 360° turn, with a 50° bank, ±5
B — To use a DP, the pilot must possess at least the degrees, rolling out on the entry heading, ±5°.
textual description of the approved standard B — a 45° bank, ±10°, while coordinating a 360°
departure. turn.
C — To use a DP, the pilot must possess both the C — ±100 feet, ±10 knots, VA or recommended
textual and graphic form of the approved stan- entry speed, and coordination.
dard departure.
32. According to the Commercial Practical Test Stan-
27. Most pilots have fallen prey to dangerous tenden- dards, a Chandelle requires
cies or behavior problems at some time. Some of A — a coordinated 180° turn resulting in an air-
these dangerous tendencies or behavior patterns speed approximately 1.2 VS1 ±5 knots.
which must be identified and eliminated include: B — a coordinated 90° turn resulting in a full stall
A — Deficiencies in instrument skills and knowl- attitude.
edge of aircraft systems or limitations. C — a coordinated 180° turn resulting in an air-
B — Performance deficiencies from human factors speed approximately VS0 +5, -0 knots.
such as fatigue, illness or emotional problems.
C — Peer pressure, get-there-itis, loss of positional 33. According to the Commercial Practical Test Stan-
or situation awareness, and operating without dards, Lazy Eights require
adequate fuel reserves. A — a constant pitch, bank, and turn rate.
B — a constantly changing pitch, bank, and turn
28. When should pilots decline a “land and hold short” rate.
(LAHSO) clearance? C — a constant bank, airspeed, and power setting.
A —When it will compromise safety.
B — If runway surface is contaminated. 34. According to the Commercial Practical Test Stan-
C — Only when the tower controller concurs. dards, Eights-on-Pylons require
A — pylons which will permit approximately 3 to
29. What tolerances must be maintained in order to 5 seconds of straight-and-level flight between
perform Slow Flight according to the Commercial them.
Practical Test Standards? B — maintaining altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°,
A — Altitude must be lower than 1,500 feet AGL, and airspeed ±10 knots.
and airspeed maintained at 1.2 VS1, +10/-5. C — a pivotal altitude at least 1,500 feet AGL.
B — Airspeed must be just above stall speed
with altitude maintained at ±100 feet, and
heading ±10°.
C — Altitude must be no lower than 1,500 feet
AGL, and altitude maintained at ±50 feet, and
heading ±5°.

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The Pilot’s Manual

A Flight & Ground Training Course for

A Flight & Ground Training Course for

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

© 2002-2011 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

Experience Requirements for a Commercial Certificate Include:

Flight Training Ground Training

Commercial Pilot Certification Course:

Required Materials for the Commercial Pilot Certification Course:

Recommended Materials for the Commercial Pilot Certification Course:

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Solo Flight(s) (1.5 hours)

Ground Training Flight Training

Lesson Time: Flight Training

Solo Flight (1.5 hours)

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Completion Standards: Completion Standards:

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Lesson Time: Flight Training

Solo Flight(s) (1.5 hours)

Time Flown: Recommended Reading:

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Time Flown: Recommended Reading:

Ground Training Flight Training

Endorsement for a pilot to act as PIC in a complex airplane: 14 CFR §61.31(e)

S/S [date] J. Jones 654321 CFI Exp. 11-30-11

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Time Flown: Recommended Reading:

Ground Training Flight Training

Lesson Time: Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Time Flown: Recommended Reading:

Ground Training Flight Training

Ground Training Flight Training

Signature: Completion Standards:

Lesson Time: Flight Training

1. Endorsement for aeronautical knowledge: 14 CFR §61.35(a)(1) and §61.123(c)

S/S [date] J. Jones 654321 CFI Exp. 11-30-11

S/S [date] J. Jones 654321 CFI Exp. 11-30-11

Confirm for the Checkride:

Paperwork Reduction Act Statement:

FAA Form 8710-1 (4-00) Supersedes Previous Edition NSN: 0052-00-682-5007

Block Q. Do You Now Hold A Medical Certificate? Check yes or

Block R. Class of Certificate. Enter the class as shown on the medical

FAA Form 8710-1 (4-00) Supersedes Previous Edition NSN: 0052-00-682-5007

Oral _____________________________________

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Aircraft Flight Check _____________________________________

Advanced Qualification Program _____________________________________