MATERIA: ERGONOMÍA

ALUMNO:
LUIS FELIPE ARÉVALO VIDAL
JOSE RAMON SOTO PRIETO

DOCENTE: JOSÉ ALEJANDRO CHÁVEZ RAYA

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 ÍNDICE

1. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................... 3

2. OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................................................... 3

3. DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................................... 3

3.1 Study of time..................................................................................................................................... 3

3.2 Study of movements ....................................................................................................................... 4

3.3 Principles of economy of movement ............................................................................................. 4

3.4 The study of time and movements ................................................................................................ 6

3.5 Advantages of time and motion study .......................................................................................... 6

3.6 ¿ How to apply the time and motion study? ................................................................................ 7

#1 Select .............................................................................................................................................. 7

#2 Register .......................................................................................................................................... 7

#3 Examine ......................................................................................................................................... 7

#4 Measurement................................................................................................................................. 7

#5 Define ............................................................................................................................................. 7

4. CONCLUSIÓN ....................................................................................................................................... 8

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 TIME AND MOTION STUDY
1. INTRODUCCIÓN

Through the study of times and movements can determine the times standard of each
one of the operations that make up a process, as well as analyzing the movements that
makes the operator to carry out the operation. This avoids unnecessary movements
which only increase the operation time.

The study of time and movements allows you to detect operations that are causing delays
in the production and improve the efficiency of the line.

2. OBJECTIVE

The study of times:

Minimize the time required for the execution of work.

Conserve resources and minimize costs.

Carry out the production without losing sight of the availability of energy or energy.

Providing a product that is increasingly reliable and of high quality.

The study of movements:

Eliminate or reduce inefficient movements and accelerate the efficient.

3. DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Study of time

The study of times is a technique used to determine the standard time allowed in which
to do an activity, taking into account the personal delays, fatigue, and delays that may
occur when performing this activity. The analyst of time studies has several techniques
that are used to establish a standard: the study of times, chronometric data standards,
data from the fundamental movements, work sampling and estimates based on historical
data. The study of time seeks to produce more in less time and improve the efficiency of
the workstations.

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3.2 Study of movements

The study of movements is to analyze in detail the movements of the body when
performing an activity with the aim of eliminating ineffective movements and to facilitate
the task. This study is combined with the study of times for best results with respect to
efficiency and speed with which it carries out the task. The study of movements can be
applied in two forms, the visual study of the movements and the study of micros
movements. The first applies more often by its greater simplicity and lower cost, the
second is only feasible when analyzing work of much activity whose duration and
repetition rates are high.

3.3 Principles of economy of movement

The human capacity for the completion of tasks depends on the type of force, the muscle
that is used in performing the task and the position of the person to perform this task.
That is why you must design the work in accordance with the physical capabilities of the
individual to achieve better performance in carrying out the work.

There are three basic principles: those relating to the use of the human body, those
relating to the provision and conditions at the work site, and those relating to the design
of the equipment and tools.

These movements are divided into efficient and inefficient as well:

- efficient or effective

Physical or muscular in nature: to achieve, move, release and pre-position.

Of objective nature or concrete: use, assemble and disassemble.
- Inefficient or ineffective
Mental, or Semimentales: search, select, position, inspect and plan.
Tardies or delay: avoidable delay, the inevitable delays, rest and sustain.

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3.4 The study of time and movements

It is a tool for the measurement of work helping solve a multitude of problems of

production and to reduce costs.
3.5 Advantages of time and motion study

• Minimize the time required for the execution of work.

• Conserve resources and minimize costs.

• Carry out production without losing sight of the availability of energy resources.

• Provide a product that is increasingly reliable and of high quality.

• Eliminate or reduce inefficient movements and accelerate the efficient.

• Distribution of workloads.

• Comprehensive Management of waste and residues within the process.

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3.6 ¿ How to apply the time and motion study?

The methodology for the study of methods and times is based on several stages, which
will detail:
#1 Select
In this phase we apply the rule of Pareto and we chose the product that occupies the 80%
of the production process or assuming 80% of sales and chose their production process
to make the study of labor
#2 Register
Now we will have to get all the necessary information on the method of working of each
process and the time it takes to perform each one at the time of the study, both of cycle
time, as time per item.

We must make a diagram of the process from different approaches: brief, analytical and
travel, as well as a record of how to perform the process step by step.

#3 Examine
When we come to this step we must critically examine what we recorded in the previous
phase. We will see the strengths and weaknesses of the process by asking the operators
and we will consider whether the method of work and movements that are running to do
so are the most effective.

We will separate the movements that bring value to those not contributing value.

#4 Measurement
Measure the total cycle time of each break down process but in the time it takes to each
movement.

#5 Define
Once you have collected all the data, you will define a standard time for each of the
activities of the production process, which will be made on the basis for future
improvements.

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4. CONCLUSIÓN

One must always bear in mind that at the time of making a study of time and movement,
and to use the techniques proposed in the GSD, will require that employees have
mastered the technique of the work being studied, as well as the method to study
should be standardized. Important aspects on the part of the analyst to conduct the
study is that this must be trained in the topics and should have the necessary tools that
permit the realization of an analysis that would serve as a benefit to the company.

Some of the benefits that may be obtained from the GSD approach and its design are:

Easy communication.

Easy understanding.

Elimination of the needs of performance rating.

It is consistent and accurate.

This system also recognizes the quality requirements and skill, as well as that of workflow
systems varied production may have an effect on production.

In summary, it can be said that:

Without Measurements = No Administration.

Inaccurate measurements = ineffective administration.

Accurate Measurement = More Effective Management.