Topic Extreme climate changes

Topic sentence One of the effects of global warming on the

earth is extreme climate change.

Connecting sentence This is one of the common changes that

occurred in today’s world.

Topic Glacier retreat

Topic sentence Another reason is the glacier retreat, which will

lead to the great physical impact on the earth.

Topic Drastic change in ecosystem

Topic sentence Global warming may give a gross effect to

drastic change in ecosystem.

Connecting sentence This effect may disturb a complex set of

relationship among the living resources,

habitats, residents of an area.

i. Introduction

Global warming or the ecological and social change caused by the rise in global

temperature can cause bad effects on the earth including extreme climate change,

glacier retreat and change in ecosystem.

ii. One of the effects of global warming on the earth is extreme climate change.

a) The extreme climate change may cause the number of hot days to be increase

while the number of cold days decreases. (wikipedia.org)

b) “Increases in heavy rainfall might contribute to increases in local flooding in

some catchments or regions. In coastal regions, sea level rise will very likely

contribute to extremes in sea level.” (Wikipedia.org)

c) But as a scientist, I can tell you that if we defer action until 2020, we will exceed

the dangerous limit for temperature rise of 2 degrees Celsius."We have to avoid

global warming but looking at the current trend we may hit 3 to 4 degrees

Celsius," said the Sri Lankan physicist, academic and economist.

Chandra Devi, R. (2012, October 28). Act Now On Climate Change Issue.

NewsStraitesTimes.

iii. Another reason is the glacier retreat, which will lead to the great physical impact on

the earth.

a) Since 1980, a significant global warming has led to glacier retreat becoming

increasingly rapid and ubiquitous, so much so that some glacier have

disappeared l altogether, and the existence of a great number of the remaining

glacier of the world is threatened. (wikipedia.org.)

b) Mountain glacier and snow cover in both southern and northern hemispheres had

declined based on IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

 c) The increase in global temperature has resulted in the rapid melting of polar ice

caps and disappearance of glaciers in most parts of the world. As a chain

reaction, the meltdown has resulted in the rise of sea levels and it was reported

that more than nine islands have disappeared under the sea over the last

decade. Harintharavimal, B. (2012, June 6) GLOBAL WARMING: Rising

temperature affects water cycle. NewsStraitesTimes.

iv. Global warming may give a gross effect to drastic change in ecosystem.

a) Based on IPCC(2007) the average temperature of the earth have been

increase in the range of 1.5°C – 2.5°C since 1980 until 1999 that will give

negative impact on water and food supply.

b) According to a paper by Smith and Hitz (2003:66), it is reasonable to assume

that the relationship between increased global mean temperature and

ecosystem productivity is parabolic. Higher carbon dioxide concentrations will

favorably affect plant growth and demand for water. Higher temperatures

could initially be favorable for plant growth. Eventually, increased growth

would peak then decline. (Wikipedia.org)

c) Warmer water will lead to a decline in dissolved oxygen gasses because the

higher temperature will increase the rate of bacterial activity in water and

sediment. One model applied to Lake Erie allows for a doubling of

atmospheric carbon dioxide gasses and an increase in monthly temperature

of 3°C-8°C. Graves, J & Reavey. D. (1996). Global Environmental Change

Plants, Animals & Communities. England: Longman

d) The rising global temperature has also affected the water cycle on earth. The

meltdown of glaciers has reduced earth's fresh water supply, which will result

in shortage of drinking water as only one per cent of water on earth is potable

freshwater. Rivers may dry up and neighboring countries along river paths
 might not hesitate to go to war in order to secure the natural essence of life.

The lack of water will affect the crop production and result in a further

shortage of food supply, which is already affected by the changes in

climate.Harintharavimal, B. (2012, June 6) GLOBAL WARMING: Rising

temperature affects water cycle. NewsStraitesTimes.

v. Conclusion

Extreme change in climate change, glacier retreat, as well as drastic changes in

ecosystem is the effects of global warming on the earth.

Topic Extreme climate changes

Sources Paraphrase Quotation

Online articles with no author The extreme climate change

may cause the number of hot

days to be increase while the

number of cold days

decreases. (wikipedia.org)

Increases in heavy

rainfall might contribute to

increases in local flooding in

some catchments or regions.

In coastal regions, sea level

rise will very likely contribute

to extremes in sea level.

(Wikipedia.org)

Online newspaper "But as a scientist, I can tell

you that if we defer action until

2020, we will exceed the

dangerous limit for

temperature rise of 2 degrees

Celsius.

"We have to avoid global

warming but looking at the

current trend we may hit 3 to 4

degrees Celsius," said the Sri

Lankan physicist, academic

and economist.

Chandra Devi, R. (2012,

October 28). Act Now On

Climate Change Issue.

NewsStraitesTimes.
Topic Glacier retreat

Sources Paraphrase Quotation

Online articles with no author  Mountain glacier and  Since 1980, a

snow cover in both significant global

southern and northern warming has led to

hemispheres had glacier retreat

declined based on becoming increasingly

IPCC Fourth rapid and ubiquitous,

Assessment Report. so much so that some

glacier have

disappeared l

altogether, and the

existence of a great

number of the

remaining glacier of

the world is

threatened.

(wikipedia.org.)

Online newspaper The increase in global

temperature has resulted in

the rapid melting of polar ice

caps and disappearance of

glaciers in most parts of the

world. As a chain reaction, the

meltdown has resulted in the

rise of sea levels and it was

reported that more than nine

islands have disappeared

under the sea over the last

decade.

Harintharavimal, B. (2012,

June 6) GLOBAL WARMING:

Rising temperature affects

water cycle.

NewsStraitesTimes.
Topic Drastic change in ecosystem.

Sources Paraphrasing Quotation

Online articles with no author  Based on IPCC(2007)  According to a paper

the average by Smith and Hitz

temperature of the (2003:66), it is

earth have been reasonable to assume

increase in the range that the relationship

of 1.5°C – 2.5°C since between increased

1980 until 1999 that global mean

will give negative temperature and

impact on water and ecosystem productivity

food supply. is parabolic. Higher

carbon dioxide

concentrations will

favorably affect plant

growth and demand

for water. Higher

temperatures could

initially be favorable for

plant growth.

Eventually, increased

growth would peak

then decline.

(Wikipedia.org)

Book Warmer water will lead to a

 decline in dissolved oxygen

gasses because the higher

temperature will increase the

rate of bacterial activity in

water and sediment. One

model applied to Lake Erie

allows for a doubling of

atmospheric carbon dioxide

gasses and an increase in

monthly temperature of 3°C-

8°C.

Graves, J & Reavey. D.

(1996). Global Environmental

Change Plants, Animals &

Communities. England:

Longman

Online newspaper The rising global temperature

has also affected the water

cycle on earth. The meltdown

of glaciers has reduced

earth's fresh water supply,

which will result in shortage of

drinking water as only one per

cent of water on earth is

potable freshwater. Rivers

may dry up and neighboring

countries along river paths

might not hesitate to go to war

in order to secure the natural

essence of life.

The lack of water will affect

the crop production and result

in a further shortage of food

supply, which is already

affected by the changes in

climate.

Harintharavimal, B. (2012,

June 6) GLOBAL WARMING:

Rising temperature affects

water cycle.

NewsStraitesTimes.
References

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming

2. http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/letter-to-the-editors/global-warming-rising-temperature-

affects-water-cycle-1.91435

3. http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/act-now-on-climate-change-issue-1.162978
 BEL 311

OUTLINE

TITLE : THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

ON THE EARTH

AS080D2

MUHAMMAD ISWADI BIN OTHMAN

MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN IZHAM

NUR FATIN ATHIRAH BT MOHD NAJIB

NUR FATHIAH BT MOHD SHAH

NOR ATIKAH BT MOHD YUSOFF