Thermodynamic chapter no 11

Rotodynamic
 Rotary element is called impeller
 Fluid in from center and exit from outside
A rotodynamic pump is a kinetic machine in which energy is continuously imparted to the
pumped fluid by means of a rotating impeller, propeller, or rotor, in contrast to a positive
displacement pump in which a fluid is moved by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing
the trapped volume into the pump's discharge.

Impulse turbine:
An impulse turbine is a turbine that is driven by high velocity jets of water or
steam from a nozzle directed on to vanes or buckets attached to a wheel. The
resulting impulse (as described by Newton's second law of motion) spins
the turbine and removes kinetic energy from the fluid flow.

Reaction turbine:
A reaction turbine is a type of turbine that develops torque by reacting to the
pressure or weight of a fluid. The operation of reaction turbines is described by
Newton's third law of motion (action and reaction are equal and opposite). ... The
pressure of the fluid changes as it passes through the rotor blades.

Impulse steam turbine:

The steam turbine is a device for obtaining mechanical work from the energy
stored in steam. ... The changing direction and therefore velocity produces
an impulsive force which mainly acts in the direction of rotation of
the turbine blades.

Pressure compounding:
Pressure compounding is the method in whichpressure in a steam
turbine is made to drop in a number of stages rather than in a single
nozzle. This method of compounding is used in Rateau and Zoelly
turbines.
Velocity compounding:
The velocity compounded impulse turbine has moving and fixed blades. The
moving blades are keyed to turbine shaft and fixed blades are fitted to casing.
The high pressure steam from boiler is expander in nozzle where pressure
energy is converted into kinetic energy.

Axial flow reaction turbines:

An axial turbine is a turbine in which the flow of the working fluid is
parallel to the shaft, as opposed to radialturbines, where the fluid runs
around a shaft, as in a watermill.

Axial flow compressor:

An axial compressor is a gas compressor that can continuously pressurize
gases. It is a rotating, airfoil-based compressor in which the gas or working
fluid principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation, or axially.

Stage efficiency:
This makes the overall efficiency of the turbine greater than the
individual stage efficiency. ... The nozzle outlet angle is the efficiency of the
nozzle, defined as the ratio of the actual gain of kinetic energy in the nozzle to
adiabatic heat drop, is 92%.

Reheat factor:
the reheat factor is the ratio of the cumulative heat to the adiabatic drop from
initial condition to exhaust pressure.

Polytropic efficiency:
Polytropic efficiency is a value used to describe the efficiency of a compressor. A
polytropic process is more difficult to analyze than a system under
the isentropicor adiabatic assumptions. ... Determine the value for the ratio of specific
heats for the gas you are using in your compressor

Centrifugal compressor:
Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called radial compressors, are a
sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.
They achieve a pressure rise by adding kinetic energy/velocity to a
continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller.
Radial flow turbine:
A radial turbine is aturbine in which the flow of the working fluid is radial to the shaft. The
difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the fluid flows through the
components (compressor and turbine).