BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DHAKA-1000

ASSIGNMENT
NAME 449

Name: Md. Toufikul Haq

Student ID: 1412030
Level-4 Term-2
A
INTRODUCTION

Now-a-days, pollution is the main alarming issue in this world. Likewise main other pollution
marine pollution is a great topic of worry. For controlling and reducing the pollutions effects
an organisation was formed Named IMO stands for International Maritime Organizations.

The International Maritime Organization on October 27

announced it was going ahead with a global sulphur cap of 0.5%
on marine fuels starting from January 1, 2020, ending years of
uncertainty.
Under the terms of the IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI regulation, the
2020 date was “subject to a review, to be completed by 2018, as to
the availability of the required fuel oil. Depending on the outcome
of the review, this date could be deferred to 1 January 2025.”
Now that the 2020 date has been confirmed by the IMO, a sharply
more regulated shipping emissions sector looms into view in
the near term. The current global sulphur cap on bunker fuel is
much less stringent at 3.5%. The sharp, step change down to
tighter sulphur specifications at sea will have knock-on effects
throughout the global energy system, including on road fuels.
The cost of the IMO’s regulatory change on the shipping industry
is unknown, but every analyst expects it to be large. As well
as shipping lines, the IMO’s decision will also impact refiners,
crude producers, bunker suppliers, and emissions and air quality
affecting the health of millions of people.
MARPOL ANNEX VI SULFUR LIMITS

What is the current average sulphur content of fuel oil used on ships?

IMO monitors the sulphur content of fuel oil used on ships globally. Samples are
taken of residual fuel oil – the “heavy” fuel oil commonly used on ships – as well as
distillate fuel oil (“light”, low sulphur fuel oil, which is more commonly used in
emission control areas which have stricter limits on sulphur emissions).
The latest figures showed that the yearly average sulphur content of the residual fuel
oils tested in 2015 was 2.45%. The worldwide average sulphur content for distillate
fuel in 2015 was 0.11%.

Why We need “THE IMO’S 2020 GLOBAL SULFUR CAP”?

Given the huge costs to the shipping industry that have been
covered in detail by the trade press, the question arises: Why do
it? The rationale for a lower global sulphur cap is human health.
Through a chemical reaction in air, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and
the mono-nitrogen oxides (nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide,
commonly referred to as NOx) are converted into fine particles,
sulphate and nitrate aerosols. As well as the particles directly
emitted from ships such as black carbon, these secondary
particles add to the health impact of pollution from shipping.
Tiny airborne particles are linked to premature death, as the
particles get into the lungs and are small enough to enter the
blood. There they can trigger inflammations, leading to heart
and lung failures.
According to Transport & Environment, a campaign group
for greener transport policies, air pollution from shipping
accounts for about 50,000 premature deaths per year in
Europe alone, at an annual cost to these societies of more
than €58 billion ($63.3 million at the current exchange rate).
Therefore, forcing the shipping industry to pay billions of
dollars extra each year for lower sulphur fuel is, according to
supporters of the IMO’s decision, merely making it pay for
the externalities it has historically pushed on to the rest of
society to bear. The picture becomes more complicated
when the benefit to society of cheap imported goods –
thanks to much cheaper shipping fuel compared to road
fuels is included. A 2020 global 0.5% sulphur cap may mean
we all pay slightly more for imported consumer goods passed
on through higher freight costs, in exchange for many of
us living longer and for health costs to governments and
individuals via insurance premiums being less than they
otherwise would be.

Problem arises For the Implementation of “THE IMO’S 2020 GLOBAL SULFUR
CAP”.
Under the new global cap, ships will have to use fuel oil on board with a sulphur
content of no more than 0.50% m/m, against the current limit of 3.50%, which has
been in effect since 1 January 2012.
The interpretation of “fuel oil used on board” includes use in main and auxiliary
engines and boilers.
Exemptions are provided for situations involving the safety of the ship or saving life at
sea, or if a ship or its equipment is damaged.
Another exemption allows for a ship to conduct trials for the development of ship
emission reduction and control technologies and engine design programmes. This
would require a special permit from the Administration(s) (flag State(s)).

How can ships meet lower sulphur emission standards (Solutions)?

Ships can meet the requirement by using low-sulphur compliant fuel oil.
An increasing number of ships are also using gas as a fuel as when ignited it leads to
negligible sulphur oxide emissions. This has been recognised in the development by
IMO of the International Code for Ships using Gases and other Low Flashpoint Fuels
(the IGF Code), which was adopted in 2015. Another alternative fuel is methanol
which is being used on some short sea services.
Ships may also meet the SOx emission requirements by using approved equivalent
methods, such as exhaust gas cleaning systems or “scrubbers”, which “clean” the
emissions before they are released into the atmosphere. In this case, the equivalent
arrangement must be approved by the ship’s Administration (the flag State).