CONTROLING DISEASE

DISEASE
- Any condition that damages or weakens a part of body.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
- Is a disease that can spread from one person to another.

LIFESPAN THROUGHOUT THE YEARS

 Earlier most people died before the age 40.
 One hundred years ago, few people lived past of 50.
 Today, many people live for more than 70 years.

CAUSES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE:

MICROBES
- Have many different kinds and live in different places.
- Microbes are almost everywhere.
- Not all microbes cause diseases but most of them are harmless.
HELPFUL USES OF MICROBES:
 For yeast, causes bread to rise
 Turn milk into cheese
 Certain microbes are used to make medicine
 Necessary to help break down food inside your digestive system
FOUR MAIN GROUPS OF MICROBES:
 Viruses
 Bacteria
 Fungi
 Protozoa

VIRUSES
SMALLEST KIND OF MICROBE;
Multiply in living cells
 Tiny pieces of living matter
 Live in all kind of cells
 When invades a living cell, it takes control
 Use a part of cell to live and multiply
KINDS OF VIRUS:
- Rod bacteria
- Spiral Bacteria
- Round Bacteria

BACTERIA
ONE OF THE FOUR MAIN GROUPS OF MICROBES; EACH IS ONLY ONE CELL
Some bacteria can:
 Move in their own
 Carried by wind
 Carried by water
 Carried by food

FUNGI
ONE OF THE FOUR MAIN GROUP; CANNOT LIVE AND GROW BY THEMSELVES.
 Some fungi grow on or inside people’s bodies and can cause diseases.

PROTOZOA
LARGEST KIND OF MICROBES; SINGLE CELLED CREATURES THAT CAN MOVE ON THEIR
OWN
 Only live where they can get what they need to stay alive.
 All microbes need food and water
 Some microbes need air; some do not
 Some microbes live only in warm places
 Some only live in cold temperature
 Many other kinds of microbes live inside the body and can cause harm
MOST OFTEN LIVE IN:
 Pond
 Streams
 Wet places
HOW DO MICROBES CAUSE DISEASES?
Disease causing microbes can harm people in two different ways:
 some microbes make toxins or harmful wastes.
 Cause disease by directly attacking the body’s cells.
Having small number of microbes inside your body does not harm your health. The danger begins
when microbes start to multiply. Multiplying of microbes inside the body is called infection.

HOW DOES YOUR BODY FIGHT DISEASE?

 White blood cells in your body fight the microbes.
 WBC surround and digest microbes.
 WBC makes substances called antibodies which kill harmful microbes and make them
harmless

IMMUNITY
- Having immunity means you are protected from the microbes that causes disease.

HOW TO RESIST COMMUNICABLE DISEASES?

 Good nutrition
 Regular exercise
 Plenty of sleep

RESISTANCE
- When you have resistance, your body can fight, or resist, microbes that cause disease.
- The best way to build resistance is to follow healthful habits.

WAYS TO CONTROLL COMMUNICABLE DISEASE:

 Vaccines
 Antibiotics
 Sanitation
 Hygiene habits
 Injection
 Booster
 Penicillin
 Epidemic
 Sewage
VACCINES
- A vaccine gives a person immunity to a certain disease.
- Vaccines protect people from some disease.
- Substances made to protect people from certain diseases

ANTIBIOTICS
- Medicines developed to kill harmful bacteria.

SANITATION
- The ways people keep their surroundings clean and free of disease microbes

HYGIENE HABITS
- The ways people keep themselves clean.
- Covering a sneeze, left, and then washing your hands, right, can help stop the spread of some
diseases

INJECTION
- A method of giving a vaccine
- For example, when you were an infant, you were probably given a vaccine against measles.
The measles vaccine is given as an injection.

HOW DO VACCINES CONTROL DISEASE?

 A vaccine has in it kind of microbe that causes a particular disease.
 The microbes in the vaccine are weakened or dead so they cannot multiply and cause
infection.
 but your body reacts to the microbes as if they were alive and strong.
 Your white blood cells make antibodies to fight them.

BOOSTER
- A later dose of a vaccine received earlier
- Sometimes needed to maintain immunity to a disease
- Not all vaccines give you immunity in all your life. Some give you immunity to a disease for
only a few years. Then you need a booster to keep your immunity.

PENICILLIN
- The world’s first antibiotic
- Penicillin is produced from a that reproduces by giving off tiny round spores.
- Alexander fleming discovered the antibiotic called penicillin.
 HOW DO ANTIBIOTICS CONTROL DISEASES?
 In 1928 a British scientist named alexander fleming studied bacteria.
 He grew the bacteria in dishes.
 As the bacteria grew, they formed patches of color in the dishes.
 Each patch held millions of bacteria.
 The patches grew larger as the bacteria multiplied.

EPIDEMIC
- The rapid spread of a disease to large numbers of people.
- During the middle ages, nearly one-fourth of the population of Europe died from the bubonic
plague.

HOW DOES SANITATION CONTROL DISEASE?

 About 600 years ago, a disease called bubonic plague spread through Europe.
 The disease microbe was carried by rats.
 Fleas bit the rats and the microbes entered the fleas.
 When the fleas bit people, the microbes in the fleas infected the people.

SEWAGE
- The wastes from drains and toilets in home s and other buildings.

SEWAGE TREATMENT
 The waste from drains in people’s homes and other buildings is called sewage.
 In most communities, sewage moves through underground pipes from buildings to a sewage
treatment plant.
 In the plant, the sewage is treated to destroy harmful microbes.
 Once destroyed, these microbes can no longer add to the spread of disease.

HOW DO HYGIENE HABITS CONTROL DISEASES?

 Washing your hands after using the rest room stops certain diseases from spreading
 Colds and hepatitis are diseases spread my microbes on unwashed hands. Both diseases are
caused by viruses.
 Together with vaccines antibiotics and sanitation personal hygiene habits help control
communicable diseases.