SOCIAL SCIENCE

" TISCO " 10th

→ After Independence, the new policy of Industrial development in India was declared in
1948.
→ Conditions for Industrial development in country:
 Topography  Climate conditions  Cheap labour  Raw materials availability  Good
network of transportation  Wide market
→ According to criterion of ownership:  Private Industries  Government Industries 
Cooperative Industries  Mixed Industries
→ Large Scale industries :- Capital investment (10 crore or more). Ex. Iron Industry.
→ Medium industries :- Capital investment (5 to 10 crores) e.g. Leather Industry.
→ Small scale industries :- Capital investment (2 to 5 crores) e.g. Lac Industry.
→ Cottage industries :- Capital investment is nominal and which run with the help of family
members.
→ Industries on the basis of type of finished goods :- Heavy industries (Tractor
manufacturing) and light industries (toys)
→ Cost enhancement :- Adopt advance methods for transforming the shape, colour and
quality etc. to make it more useful for human consumption. (potato- 10/-, potato chips-
20/- per 200 grams)
→ Benefits of cost enhancement of agricultural produce:  To earn more income  Extra
profit  To prevent the produce from damage  To produce cottage and home industries
 Opportunities of employment in rural areas  Hidden employment will come to an end
 Increase in National and Individual income  To stop fleeing of the village people
towards cities  Expansion of advanced cultivation.
→ Suggestions for cost enhancement:  Provide relevant knowledge & make arrangement
for necessary training  Financial & technical assistance  Publicity, promotion and sale
of agricultural product
→ Cotton Textile Industry :- The first modern textile mill was established in Calcutta in 1818
but it was a failure.
→ The first modern successful mill was set up in 1851 in Mumbai by Shri Nanabhai Dabur.
→ Ahmadabad :- 'Manchester of India'.
→ Maharashtra :- Solapur, Pune, Nagpur
→ Gujarat :- Second biggest centre, Vododara, Bharuch, Surat (other centres)
→ Tamil Nadu :- Third in country :- Coimbatore is known 'Manchester of south' – Madurai,
Chennai, Salem (other centres)
→ West Bengal :- Howrah
→ Kanpur is called as 'Manchester' of North India.
→ Madhya Pradesh :- Gwalior, Indore, Ujjain, Satna, Jabalpur, Bhopal, Ratlam and Dewas.
→ Karnatka :- Mysore, Banglore, Manglore
→ Telengana, Andhra Pradesh :- Hyderabad, Warangal, Guntur
→ Kerala :- Kannur, Tiruvanantpuram
→ Rajasthan :- Jaipur, Kishangarh, Ajmer
→ Iron and Steel Industry :- It is the most important industry on which the nation's economic
development depends.
→ The first modern iron and steel plant was set up in a place 'Portnovo' in the state of Tamil
Nadu in 1830.

FIITJEE Ltd., Indore Centre: 27, 2nd Floor, Scheme No -54, PU -3, Opp. Orbit Mall, A.B. Road, Indore
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[2] Tisco SOCIAL SCIENCE

→ The first large scale plant of iron and steel was set up in 'Sakchi' a place in Jharkhand
state, in 1907 by Jamshedji Tata. This place is now known as Jamshedpur.
→ Steel Authority of India was founded in 1954. It is the largest Industrial Institution in world.
→ Four reigns of Industries:
 Coal belt :- Burnpur, Hirapur, Kulti, Durgapur and Bokaro
 Iron – ore belt :- Bhilai, Rourkela, Bhadravati, Salem, Vijaynagar,
 Between coal and iron ore belt (Steel) :- Jamshedpur
→ The Iron and Steel Industry located in Jamshedpur is known as 'Tata Iron and Steel Co'
(TISCO). This is the largest steel plant not only in India but in the whole of Asia.
→ Hindustan Steel Ltd. plant in Rourkela (Odisha) is set up with the assistance of Germany.
→ Bhilai Steel Plant in Bhilai (Durg, Chhatisgarh) is set up with Russian collaboration.
→ Durgapur Steel plant in West Bengal is set up with the assistance of Britain.
→ Vijaynagar Steel plant of Hospet (Karnataka) is wholly based on Indian technology.
→ From the standpoint of steel production, India's place is 9 th in the world. The industry is
giving direction employment to 5 lakhs persons in India.
→ Chief forest produce and small scale industries-
 Bamboo :- Balaghat, Seoni, Mandala, Sagar, Bhopal.
 Anwala is important source of vitamin 'C'.
 Government Lac factory is situated in Umariya (Madhya Pradesh).
 Three types of gum are found in Madhya Pradesh:
(1) Acacid (Babool) gum, (2) Kulalu gum, (3) Salai gum
→ Madhya Pradesh Rajya Laghu Vanopaj Vyapar Evam Vikas Sahkaari Sangh was formed
as a cooperative Institution in the year 1984.
→ The first successful paper mill was set up in India in the year 1716 in Trankubar in Tamil
Nadu.
→ On an average 2.38 tons of bamboo is needed to manufacture 1 ton of paper.
→ Security paper mill is situated in Hoshangabad.
→ Bank note press mill is situated in Dewas.
→ Main paper producing states in the country are Karnataka, Kerala, Bihar, Jharkhand.
→ India ranks 20th in the world with respect to paper production.
→ Out of total production of paper in the country 53% is writing and printing paper.
→ Main production centres in Madhya Pradesh is Indore, Bhopal, Sehore, Nepanagar,
Hoshangabad.
→ 40% of total National production of Cotton is contributed by West Bengal.
→ Contribution of Industries in national economy:
 Increase in production, per capita increase of income.
 Rise in the national Income and Capital formation.
→ Green House gases :- Carbon-di-oxide, Carbon Monoxide. These gases cause "global
warming".

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FIITJEE Ltd., Indore Centre: 27, 2nd Floor, Scheme No -54, PU -3, Opp. Orbit Mall, A.B. Road, Indore
Phone:0731-4274702, 4044447, 4274763; Website: www.fiitjee.com