CapacitorVoltage

Capacitor VoltageTransformer
Transformer type
type CPA
CPA / CPB
System voltage 72.5 - 550 kV

Installation Outdoor
Voltage Transformers type CPA and CPB
ABBs capacitor voltage transfor- Electromagnetic Unit
mers (CVT:s) and coupling capa-
A capacitor voltage transformer with an electromagnetic
citors are intended for connection unit (EMU), type EOA is called CPA and with an electro-
between phase and ground in net- magnetic unit (EMU), type EOB is called CPB. The design
of the EOA and EOB is basically identical, however the
works with isolated or earthed EOB has a larger tank and core, with space for larger
neutral. windings, therefore it’s capable of withstanding higher
burdens.
The design corresponds to the requirements of IEC and The voltage divider and the transformer are connected by
all national standards based on IEC. Special designs to internal bushings, which is necessary for applications with
meet other standards and customer specifications are also high accuracy.
available.
Due to the design of the capacitor elements, described The EMU has double enamelled copper windings and
below, CPA and CPB are, with regard to temperature an iron core, made of high quality steel sheet and is oil
stability and accuracy equivalent to inductive voltage trans- insulated in a hermetically sealed aluminium tank with
formers. standard transformer oil.
Capacitior Voltage Divider The primary coil is divided into a main winding, and a
set of trimming windings available externally. The nominal
The capacitor voltage divider (CVD) consists of one or intermediate voltage is approx. 22/√3 kV.
two capacitor units, assembled on top of each other. Each
unit contains a large number of series connected, oil insu- EOA and EOB have a reactor, which is connected in
lated capacitor elements. The units are completely filled series between the voltage divider and the high voltage
with the syntetic oil, which is kept under a slight overpres- end of the primary winding. This reactor compensates for
sure by the design of the expansion system. O-ring seals the shift in phase angle caused by the capacitive voltage
are used throughout our design. divider. The capacitive and inductive reactances are tuned
individually on each transformer before accuracy testing.
The capacitor elements are designed with respect to the
demands made by revenue metering, and their active part For special applicationes, HVDC stations, metering of har-
consists of aluminium foil, insulated with paper / poly- monics etc. there is another type of EMU available, the
propylene film, impregnated by a PCB-free synthetic oil, EOAL. EOAL is basically an EOA but without a separate
which has better insulating properties than normal mineral compensating reactor. In the EOAL the compensating
oil. Due to it’s unique proportions between paper and reactor and transformer is combined into one piece which
polypropylene film, this dielectric has proven itself virtu- gives several advantages.
ally insensitive to temperature changes. The useful frequency range is wider since the internal
resonance frequency of the EMU is higher than for an
Our standard voltage divider, type designation CSA (high EOA or EOB. The already excellent tranisent response of
capacitance) or CSB (extra high capacitance) is mounted the EOA and EOB is improved even further.
on an electromagnetic unit (EMU), making up a complete However the EOAL is limited to burdens lower than the
capacitor voltage transformer. EOA.
A coupling capacitor (without an EMU) is called CCA
(high capacitance) or CCB (extra high capacitance).

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Advantages of the CPA and CPB

Climate 4
These transformers are designed for, and have been instal-
led in widely varying conditions, from Arctic to desert
climate, on every continent. 1

Ferroresonance
The low induction (0.35-0.45 T at rated voltage), combi-
ned with an efficient damping circuit, gives a safe and
stable damping of ferroresonance at all frequencies and
voltages up to rated voltage factor, see page 4.

Life Time 2
The low voltage stress within the capacitor elements ensu-
res a safe product with a long lifetime. 3

6 5
Transient properties
The high intermediate voltage and high capacitance result
in transient properties that are far better than required by 7
current international standards.
8 12

Adjustment 9
The adjustment windings for ratio adjustment are acces-
sible in the terminal box, and can thus be used by the 10
customer to optimise the accuracy, as described on page 4.

11
Power Line Carrier
CPA and CPB have the compensating reactor connected
on the high voltage side of the primary winding, resulting Capacitor Voltage Divider CSA or CSB
in the possibility of using also higher frequencies (> 400
kHz) for power line carrier transmission.
1 Expansion system
2 Capacitor elements
3 Intermediate voltage bushing
Stray Capacitance 4 Primary terminal, flat 4 hole Al-pad
The design with the compensating reactor on the high 5 Low voltage terminal
voltage side of the main winding ensures less than 200 pF (for carrier frequency use)
stray capacitance, which is the most stringent requirement
in the IEC standard for carrier properties.
Electromagnetic unit EOA or EOB

Stability 6 Gas cushion

CPA and CPB have a high Quality Factor, as a result 7 Oil level glass
of their comparatively high capacitance, combined with a 8 Compensating reactor
high intermediate voltage. The Quality Factor = Cequiva- 9 Ferroresonance damping circuit
lent x U²intermediate is a measure of the stability with 10 Primary and secondary windings
respect to frequency variations. The higher this factor, the 11 Core
better the accuracy at frequency variations. 12 Terminal box

233
Design properties

Material Ratio adjustment

All external metal surfaces consist of an aluminium alloy,
resistant to most known environment factors. Bolts, nuts
etc. are made of acid-proof steel. The aluminium surfaces
do not normally need painting. We can, however, offer a
protective paint standard, which is light greyish.
Creepage distance
As standard, CPA and CPB are offered with creepage
distance ≥ 25 mm/kV. Longer creepage distance can be
offered on request.
Silicone rubber insulators
The complete ranges of CVT and CC are available with
silicone rubber insulators (SiR). Our SiR insulators are
produced with a patented helical extrusion moulding tech-
nique, which gives completely joint free insulators with
outstanding performance. All CVT’s and CC’s with this
type of insulators have the same flashover distance as por-
celain and the same high creepage distance ≥ 25 mm/kV.
The transformer of the electromagnetic unit has five
adjustment windings on the earth side of the primary
winding. The numbers of turns of these windings have
been chosen so that the ratio can be adjusted ±6.05% in
steps of 0.05%. These windings are externally available in
the secondary terminal box. The CVT is delivered adjusted
for specified burden and class, and normally no further
adjustment is necessary. If needed, the adjustment win-
dings can also be used to extend or improve the accuracy
of the CVT, for example:
- To maintain or improve the accuracy for a burden range
differing from the rated one.
- To minimise the ratio error for a known, fixed burden
to less than 0.025%.
- To enable exchange of the voltage divider on site, and
readjust the transformer for the new combination of vol-
tage divider/electromagnetic unit.
Rating plates

Mechanical stability
The mechanical stability gives sufficient safety margin for
normal wind loads and conductor forces. In most cases, it
is also possible to mount line traps for power line carrier
equipment directly on top of the capacitor divider. CPA
and CPB will also withstand most cases of seismic stress.
Corrision resistant rating plates with text and wiring dia-
grams. General data can be found on the door of the
terminal box, connection diagram and secondary winding
data on the inside.
The capacitors are marked with measured capacitance on
the lower insulator flange.

Ferroresonance damping circuit

All CVTs need to incorporate some kind of ferroreso-

nance damping, since the capacitance in the voltage divi-
der, in series with the inductance of the transformer and
the series reactor, constitutes a tuned resonance circuit.
This circuit can be brought into resonance by various dis-
turbances in the network that may saturate the iron core of
the transformer. This phenomenon can also overheat the
electro-magnetic unit, or lead to insulation breakthrough.
CPA and CPB use a damping circuit, connected in parallel
with one of the secondary windings (see scheme in page
9).
The damping circuit consists of a reactor with an iron
core, and an oil-cooled resistor in series. Under normal
use, the iron core of the damping reactor is not saturated,
yielding high impedance, so that practically no current
goes through this circuit.
The damping circuit has two terminals in the terminal box,
d1- d2, which must be connected when the transformer is
in use. This connection can be opened, to check that the
circuit is intact by resistance measurement.
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4
Terminals

Primary terminal
CPA and CPB are normally delivered with a flat 4-hole
aluminium pad, suitable for bolt C-C from 40 to 50 mm
and for connecting normal aluminium cable clamps. Other
primary terminals can be offered on request, such as an
aluminium round stud, Ø=30 mm, Maximum force on the
primary terminal is 2000 N in all directions.

Secondary terminal box and

secondary terminals
The transformer is equipped with a secondary terminal
box, protection class IP 55. This box is equipped with
a detachable, undrilled gland plate, which on installation
can be drilled for cable bushings with diameter up to
38 mm (1 1/2”). The transformer can also be equipped
with a larger terminal box, with space for fuses or micro
circuit breakers and / or protection for power line carrier
equipment. The secondary terminals normally consist of
Phoenix standard terminal blocks for wire cross section
≥ 10 mm². In the terminal box are also terminals (d1-d2)
for checking the ferroresonance damping circuit, termi-
nals for the adjustment windings (B1 to B10 behind a
covering plate, to prevent inadvertent reconnection) and
the capacitor low voltage terminal ”L” (for power line
carrier equipment).

Earth terminals
The transformer is normally equipped with an earth clamp
with a cap of nickel-plated brass, for wire diameter 8-15
mm, which can be moved to either mounting foot. An
earth bar, see example right, can also be offered on
request. Earth terminals for the secondary circuits are
placed within the terminal box.

255
Installation and maintenance
Unpacking
Please check the crates and their contents for damage
during transportion upon receipt. Should there be any
damage, please contact ABB Switchgear for advice. Holt
before the goods are handled further. Any damage should
be documented (photographed).
The electromagnetic unit and the capacitor voltage divider
are delivered as one unit for CVTs with system voltages
up to 245 kV.
Assembly
CVTs with higher system voltage, having more than one
CVD part, are delivered with the bottom unit of the CVD
assembled onto the EMU.
The EMU, with the bottom CVD unit should be installed
first, before the top part(s) of the CVD is(are) mounted in
place. Lifting instructions are included in each package.
Check that the top and the bottom insulator have the same
serial number (for CVDs with more than one capacitor
unit.
Maintenance
CPA and CPB are designed for a service life of more than
25 years, and are practically maintenance-free. We recom-
mend however the following controls and measures.
Visual check
We recommend a periodical check, to check for oil leaka-
ges and also to inspect the external insulation for collec-
tion of dirt on the insulators.
Control measurements of the CVD
Since the voltage dividers are permanently sealed under
slight over-pressure it is not possible to take oil samples
from them.
Under normal service conditions, no noticeable ageing
will occur within the capacitors (verified by ageing tests).
However discrepancies between the secondary voltages in
parallel phases can be an indication of a fault in a capacitor
part of one of the voltage transformers, which is why
such a comparison is recommended. In such a case a
further measurement of the capacitance value is recom-
mended. Readings can be taken between the top and the
”L” terminal in the secondary terminal box.
666
6
Control measurements of the EMU
A simple test is to measure the insulation resistance in
mega-ohm (max test voltage 1000V DC) on the secondary
windings.
Since the high voltage winding of the transformer is not
capacitively graded, a measurement of the loss angle (tan
delta) will give no significant result.
What is possible, however, is to take an oil sample, for gas
chromatography analysis from the electromagnetic unit; to
assess its condition.
The tank of the electromagnetic unit can, on request,
be equipped with a sampling valve, and we can deliver
suitable sampling equipment A simple method is to take
the oil sample from the oil-filling hole.Sampling intervals
will vary, depending on service conditions; generally, no oil
analysis should be necessary during the first 20 years of
service of service.
Environmental Aspects
Impregnant
Both Faradol 600 (the synthetic oil in the voltage dividers),
and Nynäs NYTRO 10 X (the standard transformer oil
in the electromagnetic unit) are free from PCB and other
strongly poisonous substances, and pose a low impact to
the environ-ment.
Destruction
After draining the oils, they can be burnt in an appropriate
plant intended for this purpose. In this way, Faradol has
similar combustion properties as normal mineral oil.
The disposal should be carried out in accordance with
local legal provisions, laws and regulations.
The porcelain can be deposited after it has been crushed.
The metals in the electromagnetic unit, and the housings
of the voltage divider can be recycled. Aluminium parts
are labelled with material specification. In order to utilise
the copper in the windings, the oil saturated paper insula-
tion should be combusted.
The aluminium in the capacitor elements, with their com-
bination of aluminium foil, paper and polypropylene film
can be reclaimed after the insulation has been combusted;
the plastic film will not emitt any harmful substances
during this process.
Technical specifications
Standards/customer specifications
There are international and national standards, as well as
customer specifications. ABB Switchgear can meet most
requirements, as long as we are aware of them. In case
of doubt, please enclose a copy of the specification with
the inquiry.
Voltages
Highest voltage for equipment (phase to phase, rms value)
is the maximum operating voltage for which the voltage
transformer is designed. This level should not be exceeded
continuously.
Test voltages are specified in the standards in relation to
the system voltage. These tests are to show the ability of
the capacitor voltage transformer to withstand the over-
voltages that can occur in the network. Most of the tests
are carried out as type tests and are not repeated without
extra charge. The same applies to customer specific tests
carried out in addition to the requirement in the standard.
The lightning impulse test is performed with a standardi-
sed wave shape – 1.2/50 µs – for simulation of lightning
over-voltage.
A power frequency voltage withstand test is carried out as
a type test under wet conditions for voltages < 300 kV.
277
Rated voltage
The rated voltages are the values of primary and secon-
dary voltages on which the performance is based.
The voltage transformers can be designed with secon-
dary reconnection.
Secondary reconnection means that extra secondary
terminals (taps) are taken out from the secondary winding.
Burden and accuracy class
The burden is the external impedance in the secondary
circuit in ohms at specified power factor. It is usually
expressed as the apparent power – in VA –, which is
taken up at rated secondary voltage. It is important to
determine the power consumption of connected meters
and relays. Unnecessary high burdens are often specified
for modern equipment. Note that the accuracy for a
measuring windings can be outside the class limit if the
actual burden is below 25% of the rated burden.
The accuracy class for measuring windings is given as
0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 depending on application.The measuring
class should be fullfilled between 80% to 120% of rated
voltage for the IEC standard. For protection purposes
the class is normally 3P or 6P. Other classes are quoted
on request.
The cables from the voltage tranformers must be desig-
ned properly, to avoid unnecessary voltage drop and the
actually connected burden must be as low as possible.
Voltage factor
The protection windings must be able to reproduce the
fault voltage without being saturated. The over-voltage
factor for protection cores is called VF.
The IEC standard specifies a voltage factor of 1.2 continu-
ously for a measuring winding. For protection purposes
the IEC standard states a voltage factor of 1.5/30 sec. for
an effectively earthed neutral system, and of 1.9 / 30 sec.
for a non-effectively earthed neutral system with automatic
earth-fault tripping and of 1.9 / 8 hrs for an isolated
neutral system with automatic earth-fault tripping.
Design data IEC
Nominal capacitance, flashover- and creepage distance
Creepage distance (min.values)
Type Number of High Extra high *) Flashover*)
capacitor capacitance capacitance distance Total *) Protected *)
units pF (+10; -5%) pF (+10; -5%) mm mm mm

CPA/CPB 72 1 23800 - 700 2200 890

CPA/CPB 123 1 14700 - 980 3160 1282
CPA/CPB 145 1 12700 19300 1190 3880 1545

CPA/CPB 170 1 10600 16100 1400 4600 1835

CPA/CPB 245 1 7600 11600 1960 6510 2610
CPA/CPB 300 2 6400 9600 2380 7760 3090

CPA/CPB 362 2 5300 8000 2800 9200 3670

CPA/CPB 420 2 4800 7200 3220 10630 4250
CPA/CPB 550 2 3500 5400 4200 13980 5610
*) For extra high capacitance, creepage distance and flashover distance on request.

Test voltages: IEC 60186, IEC 60358, IEC 60044-4

Type System 1 min.AC Lightning impulse Switching impulse PD Test Max. PD
voltage Wet/dry 1.2/50 s 1.2/50 s voltage level
kV kV kV kV kV pc

CPA/CPB 72 72.5 140/140 325 - 46 10

CPA/CPB 123 123 230/230 550 - 78 10
CPA/CPB 145 145 275/275 650 - 92 10

CPA/CPB 170 170 325/325 750 - 108 10

CPA/CPB 245 245 460/460 1050 - 156 10
CPA/CPB 300 300 -/460 1050 850 191 10

CPA/CPB 362 362 -/510 1175 950 230 10

CPA/CPB 420 420 -/630 1425 1050 267 10
CPA/CPB 550 525 -/680 1550 1175 350 10

Test voltages above are valid for altitudes 1000 m. above sea level. PD = Partial Discharge

Secondary voltage and burdens

Standards IEC 60186, IEC 60358
Rated data at 50 or 60 Hz,Voltage factor 1.5 or 1.9
The transformer normally has one or two windings for continuous load,and one earth-fault winding. Other
configurations can be offered according to requirements.
Approximate maximum total burdens in VA for a high capacitance CVD
Measuring winding
Highest class Voltage factor 1.5*) Voltage factor1.9*)

CPA CPB CPA CPB

0.2 70 120 40 100
0.5 200 400 125 300
1.0/3P 400 400 200 400
Earth-fault winding,irrespective of thevoltage factor
3P/6P 100 100 100 100

*) Standard data for rated voltage factor is 1.5 / 30 s. for effectively earthed systems; and 1.9 / 30 s. for systems without
effective earthing, with automatic earth fault tripping and 1.9 / 8 h. for systems without effective earthing, without automatic
earth fault tripping.

888
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Schematic diagram of
Capacitor Voltage Transformer

Markings acc. to IEC

1 Electromagnetic Unit (EMU): Intermediate Voltage Transformer with Compensating Reactor
2 Primary winding of the Intermediate Voltage Transformer
3 Compensating reactor
4 Adjustment windings
5 Secondary windings
6 Ferroresonance damping circuit

Tests
Routine Tests
As standard, the following tests are performed on
each transformer, according to applicable standard:
Capacitor Voltage Divider/
Electromagnetic unit Coupling Capacitor
IEC 358, § 6.1
IEC 186, § 10.2 a, b Measurement of capacitance and tan-d
a Verification of terminal marking and polarity. (delta) for each capacitor porcelain before
b, c Applied power frequency test on secondary voltage tests.
windings and adjustment windings. c Applied power frequency test between ter
Test voltage 4 kV, 50 Hz, duration one minals, 50 Hz, duration one minute.
minute. d Applied power frequency test between low
d Induced power frequency test on primary voltage terminal and earth. Test voltage 10
winding, kV, 50 Hz, duration one minute.
75 Hz, duration one minute. e Partial discharge test of each capacitor porcelain.
e Partial discharge test f Tightness test of each capacitor porcelain.
a, b Measurement of capacitance and tan-d
IEC 358, § 6.1 (delta) for each capacitor porcelain as final
d Applied power frequency test on L-terminal. test. Calculation of voltage ratio.
Test voltage 10 kV, 50 Hz, duration one
minute. Type Tests:
ABB-specific Tests Type test reports are available for
a Inspection and measurement of damping tests car ried out on transformers of equal or
circuit. similar designs. These reports or report
b Tightness test numbers can be presented on request.
Capacitor Voltage Divider/Coupling Capacitor
299
Dimensions
Capacitor Voltage Transformer CPA
Type Number of Total Flashover Height Mounting hole Earth level
capacitor height A distance B to flange C *) distance D height E
units mm mm mm mm mm

CPA 72 1 1675 700 340 335 740

CPA 123 1 1955 980 340 335 740
CPA 145 1 2165 1190 340 335 740

CPA 170 1 2375 1400 340 335 740

CPA 245 1 2935 1960 340 335 740
CPA 300 2 3705 2380 340 335 740

CPA 362 2 4125 2800 340 335 740

CPA 420 2 4545 3220 340 335 740
CPA 550 2 5525 4200 340 335 740
*)Valid for standard terminal box only.

Capacitor Voltage Transformer CPB

Type Number of Total Flashover Height Mounting hole Earth level

capacitor height A distance B to flange C *) distance D height E
units mm mm mm mm mm

CPB 72 1 1730 700 390 410 790

CPB 123 1 2010 980 390 410 790
CPB 145 1 2220 1190 390 410 790

CPB 170 1 2430 1400 390 410 790

CPB 245 1 2990 1960 390 410 790
CPB 300 2 3760 2380 390 410 790

CPB 362 2 4180 2800 390 410 790

CPB 420 2 4600 3220 390 410 790
CPB 550 2 5580 4200 390 410 790
*)Valid for standard terminal box only.

Coupling Capacitors Coupling Capacitors

Coupling capacitors types CCA (high capacitance) and CCB (extra high capacitance) are intended for power line carrier
applications. The insulator and capacitor design are identical to capacitor voltage dividers type CSA and CSB; but without
an intermediate voltage terminal. Previous descriptions of the voltage divider are therefore applicable for the coupling
capacitors. Other capacitance values than those listed below are available on request.
A line trap can in most cases be mounted directly on top of the coupling capacitor. Primary terminal according to ABB
standard (see page 9), as well as insulators for the pedestrial mounting are part of the delivery.Test values are shown
in page 7 for the different designs.
Creepage
Creepage dist. (min.)
dist.(min.)
Type Number of Capacitance Capacitance
1 Total Flashover Total*) Protected*)
capacitor CCA CCB1 height A distance B *)
units pF (+10; -5%) pF (+10; -5%) mm mm mm mm

CCA 72 1 23800 - 1155 700 2200 890

CCA 123 1 14700 - 1435 980 3160 1282
CCA /CCB145 1 12700 19300 1645 1190 3880 1545

CCA/CCB 170 1 10600 16100 1855 1400 4600 1835

CCA/CCB 245 1 7600 11600 2415 1960 6510 2610
CCA/CCB 300 2 6400 9600 3185 2380 7760 3090

CCACCB 362 2 5300 8000 3605 2800 9200 3670

CCA/CCB 420 2 4800 7200 4025 3220 10630 4250
CCA/CCB 550 2 3500 5400 5380 4200 13980 5610

*)For CCB, creepage distance and flashover distance on request.

101010
10
Dimensions

Type Total height A

CCA 72 1155
CCA 123 1435
CCA145 1645

CCA 170 1855

CCA 245 2415
CCA 300 3185

CCA 362 3605

CCA 420 4025
CCA550 5380

CCA

CPA/B

Shipping data
S

Coupling Capacitor CCA Capacitor Voltage Transformers CPA

Type Net weight Oil Shipping Shipping Type Net weight Oil Shipping Shipping
incl.oil weight volume incl.oil kg* weight volume
kg* kg* kg* m3 kg* kg* m3

CCA 72 130 13 180 0.55) CPA 72 315 70 360 1,01)

CCA 123 165 17 220 0.75) CPA 123 345 73 390 1,21)
CCA 145 185 19 245 0.75) CPA 145 365 75 415 1,21)

CPA 170 385 76 435 1,31)

CCA 170 205 21 270 0.85)
CPA 245 445 83 630 2,12)
CCA 245 275 28 360 1.15) CPA 300 515 90 630 1,93)
CCA 300 360 35 480 1.56)
CPA 362 560 95 680 2,13)
CCA 362 410 40 540 1.76) CPA 420 610 100 725 2,33)
CCA 420 410 45 630 1.86) CPA 550 710 110 980 3,14)
CCA 550 615 56 740 2.36)

1) Vertical 3-pack Capacitor Voltage Transformer CPB

2) Horizontal 1-pack (normally, due to transport height)
3) Bottom part vertical 3-pack; top part horizontal 3-pack Type Net weight Oil Shipping Shipping
4) Bottom part horizontal 1-pack; top part horizontal 3-pack incl.oil weight volume
(normally, due to transport height) kg* kg* kg* m3
5) Normaly, coupling capacitors are packed in horizontal 3-pack
6) Top and bottom part(s) are packed in two cases,horizontal CPB 72 420 90 440 1.31)
3-pack CPB123 450 94 485 1.61)
CPB145 470 96 505 1.61)

* The weights for extra high capacitance CVTs are 5 to 10% CPB 170 490 98 525 1.81)
higher, but the shipping volumes are the same as for high capaci- CPB 245 550 100 775 3.12)
tance CVTs. CPB 300 620 112 740 2.43)

CPB 362 665 117 785 2.63)

** The weights for extra high capacitance CCs are 20% higher,
CPB 420 710 125 865 2.83)
but the shipping volumes are the same as for high capacitance
CPB 550 810 135 1050 3.64)
CVTs.

21111
ABB Power Technology Products AB Catalogue Publ. SESWG/I 4025 en
High Voltage Products Edition 5
SE-771 80 LUDVIKA, Sweden 2001-11
Tel +46 240 78 20 00
Fax +46 240 78 38 91
E-mail: instr.transf@seswg.abb.com
Internet: www.abb.com/transmission

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