ICT deals with the use of different communication technologies tools made it possible for nearly anyone to contribute,
tribute, regardless
such as mobile phones, telephone, internet, etc. to locate, save,
send, and edit information.
When we make a video call, we use the internet. When we send
a text or make a call, we use cellular networks. When we run out
of load or battery, we use payphones which use a telephone
network. Having a unified way to communicate is one of the
goals of ICT. In terms of economics, ICT has saved companies a
lot of resources (time and money) with the kind of
communication technology they use, nowadays. In a similar way,
we spend less because of ICT. As it normally costs us a peso to
send a text message or SMS, with the internet, we can send
multiple messages and only be charged by a fraction.
Philippines is dub as the “ICT Hub of Asia.”
Because of huge growth of ICT-related jobs, one of which is BPO
(Business Process Outsourcing) or call centers.
Dub – to call
According to the 2013 edition of Measuring the Information
System Society by the International Telecommunication Union,
there are 106.8 cellphones per 100 Filipinos in the year 2012. that
would mean that for every 100 Filipinos you meet, there is a high
chance that they have a cellphone and approximately for the
seven of them, the have two.
In a data gathered by the Annual Survey of Philippine Business
and Industries, NSO, in 2010, the ICT industry shares 19.3% of
the total employment population here in the Philippines.
To add to these statistics, Time Magazine’s “The Selfiest Cities
around the World” of 2013 places two cities from the Philippines
in the top 1 and top 10 spots. The study was conducted using
Instagram, a popular photo application.
The internet has been a vital tool to our modern lives that is why
it is also important to make the best of the internet.
When the World Wide Web was invented, most web pages were
static. Static (also known as flat page or stationary page) in the
sense that the page is “as is” and cannot be manipulated by the
user. The content is also the same for all users. This is referred to
as Web 1.0 or the mostly read-only web.
However, the World Wide Web is more than just static pages.
Pretty soon, Web 2.0 came to the picture.
Web2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic web
pages – the user is able to see a website differently than others.
Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs,
wikis, video sharing sites, hosted services, and web applications.
Web 2.0 allows users to interact with the page: instead of just
reading a page, the user may be able to comment or create a user
account. Web 2.0 also allows users to use web browsers, instead
of just using their operating system. Browsers can now be used
for their user interface, application software (or web
applications), even for file storage. Most websites that we visit
today are Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is the name used to the describe the second generation
of the world wide web, where it moved static HTML pages to a
more interactive and dynamic web experience. Web 2.0 is
focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share
information online via social media, blogging and Web-based
communities.
Web 2.0 signaled a change in which the world wide web became
an interactive experience between users and Web publishers,
rather than the one-way conversation that had previously existed.
It also represents a more populist version of the Web, where new
of their technical knowledge.
Web 2.0 is pronounced web-two-point-o.
The meaning of the term Web 2.0 has evolved over time, but it
has come include social media as a major component. Although
community has always been a part of the web, new web
applications such as AJAX and more modern browsers began
providing opportunities for people to express themselves online
as never before, and to combine applications to create a more
integrated web. By 2005, the term Web 2.0 was well-established,
and companies such as Google made huge strides to integrate
information online. For example, a website that reviews
restaurants may use social media, user-generated content,
photographs from Flickr, Google maps, and content from around
the web to create a more complete user experience.
To a certain extent, Web 2.0 is just an overused buzzword. On
the other hand, there is a genuine difference between the
brochure-ware websites in the early '90s versus the rich web apps
of the modern web.
Features of WEB 2.0
1. Folksonomy - allows users to categorize and classify/arrange
information using freely chosen keywords (e.g., tagging).
Popular social networking sites such as Twitter, Instgram,
Facbook, etc. use tags that start with the pound sign (#). This is
also referred to as hashtag.
2. Rich User Experience - content is dynamic and is responsive
to user’s input. An example would be a website that shows local
content.
In the case of social networking sites, when logged on, your
account is used to modify what you see in their website
3. User Participation - the owner of the website is not the on one
who is able to put content. Others are able to place a content of
their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation. Some
websites allow readers to comment on an article, participate in a
poll, or review a specific product.
4. Software as a Service - users will subscribe to a software only
when needed rather than purchasing them. This is a cheaper
option if you do not always need to use a software.
For instance, Google Docs is a free web-based application that
allows the user to create and edit word processing and
spreadsheet documents online. When you need a software, like
Word Processor, you can purchase it for a one-time huge amount
and install it in your computer and it is yours forever. Software
as a service allows you to rent a software for a minimal fee.
5. Mass Participation - diverse information sharing through
universal web access. Since most users can use the internet, web
2.0’s content is based on people from various cultures.
Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web
Semantic Web - Is a movement led by the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C).
The term was coined by the inventor of the World Wide Web,
Tim Berners-Lee.
According to W3c, “The Semantic Web provides a common
framework that allows data to be shared and reused across
application, enterprise, and community boundaries.”
Aim of Web 3.0
1. Is to have machines (or servers) understand the user’s
preferences to be able to deliver web content specifically
targeting the user.
For example, when doing a web search in Web 2.0, the topmost
result is based on the preference of several users who already
search for the item. The search engine then labels it the most
common answer to the search query. Though there are instances
wherein several preferences are considered like geographic
location, Web 3.0 aims to do better.
This is through studying personal preferences of an individual
user and showing results based on those preferences. The internet
is able to predict the best possible answers to your question by
“learning from your previous choices.
2. - This is through studying personal preferences of an individual
user and showing results based on those preferences. The internet
is able to predict the best possible answers to your question by
“learning from your previous choices.
For example, if you search the internet for “Where is the best
place to go shopping?” Web 3.0 will aim to give you results
depending on how you have made choices in the past. If you have
purchased several shoes online, the internet will give you results
on the best place with the highest rated shoes around your
vicinity.
Another example is when you search for the best restaurant to
visit in a specific area. First, it may look for your previous visits
from other restaurants and if you have rated them whether good
or bad. In return, Web 3.0 will search for restaurants that have a
similar menu, good rating, and budget that fit your preference in
the past.
Trends in ICT
1. Convergence - Technological convergence is the synergy of
technological advancements to work on a similar goal or task.
For example, besides using your personal computer to create
word documents, you can now use our smartphone. It can also
use cloud technologies to sync files from one device to another
while also using LTE technology which means you can access
your files anytime, anywhere. Convergence is using several
technologies to accomplish a task conveniently. Synergy-
combined action or operation convergent- tending to move
toward one point.
2. Social Media - Is a website, application, or online channel that
enables web users to create, co-create, discuss, modify, and
exchange user-generated content.
Types of Social Media
a. Social Networks - These are sites that allow you to connect
with other people with the same interests or background. Once a
user creates his or her account, he or she can set up a profile, add
people, create groups, and share content.
b. Social News - These are sites that allow users to post their own
news items or links to other news sources. The users can also
comment on the post and comments may also be ranked. They
are also capable of voting on these news articles of the website.
Those who get the most amount of votes are shown most
prominently.
c. Microblogging - These are sites that focus on short updates
from the user. Those subscribed to the user will be able to receive
these updates.
d. Bookmarking Sites - These are sites that allow you to store
and manage links to various websites and resources. Most of
these sites allow you to create a tag that allows you and others to
easily search or share them.
e. Media Sharing - These are sites that allow you to upload and
share media content like images, music, and video. Ost of these
sites have additional social features like liking, commenting, and
having user profiles.
f. Blogs and Forums - These websites allow users to post their
content. Other users are able to comment on the said topic. There
are several free blogging platforms like Blogger, WordPress, and
Tumblr. On the other hand, forums are typicalyy part of a certain
website or web service.
3. Mobile Technologies - - The popularity of smartphones and
tablets has taken a major rise over the years. This is largely
because of the devices’ capability to do tasks that were originally
found in personal computers. Several of these devices are capable
of using high-speed internet.
Today, the latest mobile devices use 4G Networking (LTE),
which is currently the fastest mobile network. Also, mobile
devices use different operating systems:
Different Operating Systems
iOS - Used in Apple devices such as iPhone and iPad.
Android - An open source operating system developed by
google. Being open source means several mobile phone
companies use this OS for free
Blackberry OS - Used in Blackberry devices
Windows Phones OS - A closed source and proprietary
operating system developed by Microsoft
Symbian - The original smartphone OS; used by Nokia devices
WebOS - Originally used for smartphones; now used for smart
TVs
Windows Mobile - Developed by Microsoft* for smartphones
and pocket PCs.
4. Assistive Media - - Is a nonprofit service designed to help
people who have visual and reading impairments. A data base of
audio recordings is used to read to the user.
Rules of Netiquette
1. Online security, safety, and ethics
The internet, truly is a powerful a powertool. It can be used to
promote your business, gain new friends, and stay in touch with
the old ones. It is also a source of entertainment through games,
online communities, and everything in between. But like most
things in this world, there is always the “other side of the coin.”
The internet is one of the most dangerous places, especially if you
do not know what are you doing with it. But there is no need to
worry; it is never too late. Hopefully, by the end of this lesson,
you are able to consider how you go about your use of the
internet.
Let us go back to the “how safe are you?” test. Let us visit each
tem and see how risky it is to share them.
Personal information is any information that can be used to
identify you or find out where you are. This includes obvious
things like your full name and address, and some less-obvious
things like your car's license plate number or what sport you play
at school.
Cyber criminals and sneaky weirdo strangers will use
everything they know about you to trick and harm you. Knowing
your personal information just makes it that much easier. They
might try to find out where you live and break into your house,
or try to steal your identity or your money. They might even lie
to you about how old they are and try to get you to meet with
them in person to hurt or even kidnap you.
Cyber criminals can be very patient when trying to discover
your offline identity.They'll casually slip it into conversation,
hoping that you won't notice. They remember everything you tell
them and might stick around for a long time trying to get you to
slip up and reveal something.
The more personal information you reveal in cyberspace, the
more in danger you are putting yourself and your family in. You
must always be on your guard, cyber defenders! Even the littlest
things that seem so harmless can be dangerous to share over time.
Internet is defined as the information superhighway.
This means that anyone has access to this highway, can place
information, and can grab that information. Any information,
even things that you have set privately, can be accessed one way
or another. This is why facebook continue to improve their
security features. The threat of cybercrime is very real. While you
may not experience the threat now, whatever information we
share today could affect our future.
2. Internet threats
Malware is any program or file that is harmful to a computer
user.
a. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses,
spyware and adware.
A computer virus, much like a flu virus, is designed to spread
from host to host and has the ability to replicate itself. Similarly,
in the same way that viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell,
computer viruses cannot reproduce and spread without
programming such as a file or document.
Once a virus has successfully attached to a program, file, or
document, the virus will lie dormant until circumstances cause
the computer or device to execute its code. In order for a virus to
infect your computer, you have to run the infected program,
which in turn causes the virus code to be executed. This means
that a virus can remain dormant on your computer, without
showing major sings or symptoms. However, once the virus
infects your computer, the virus can infect other computers on the
same network. Stealing passwords or data, logging keystrokes,
corrupting files, spamming your email contacts, and even taking
over your machine are just some of the devastating and irritating
things a virus can do.
Example, the ILOVEYOU worm (Love Bug Worm) created by a
Filipino.
A worm is a type of malware that spreads to other PCs. Worms
can copy themselves and often spread through a PC network by
exploiting security vulnerabilities.
Worms can spread through email attachments, instant messaging
programs, file-sharing programs, social networking sites,
network shares, removable drives, and software vulnerabilities.
A Trojan horse or Trojan is a type of malware that is often
disguised as legitimate software. Trojans can be employed by
cyber-thieves and hackers trying to gain access to users' systems.
Users are typically tricked by some form of social engineering
into loading and executing Trojans on their systems. Once
activated, Trojans can enable cyber-criminals to spy on you, steal
your sensitive data, and gain backdoor access to your system.
These actions can include:
- Deleting data
- Blocking data
- Modifying data
- Copying data
- Disrupting the performance of computers or computer networks
Unlike computer viruses and worms, Trojans are not able to self-
replicate.
Spyware is a type of malware that's hard to detect. It collects
information about your surfing habits, browsing history, or
personal information (such as credit card numbers), and often
uses the Internet to pass this information along to third parties
without you knowing. Keyloggers are a type of spyware that
monitors your keystrokes.
Keyloggers – used to record the keystroke done by the users. This
is done to steal their password or any other sensitive information.
It can record email, messages, or any information you type using
your keyboard.
Spyware is a type of malware that hackers use to see your
personal information, banking details, or more.
Spyware is often bundled with other software or downloads on
file-sharing sites (e.g., sites where you download free music or
movies), or is installed when you open an email attachment.
Because of the secretive nature of spyware, most people are not
aware when spyware is on a computer that’s unprotected by anti-
spyware.
New and/or unidentifiable icons may appear in the task bar at the
bottom of your screen, while searches may result in you being
redirected to a different search engine. Random error messages
appear when you perform operations that previously worked fine.
But the best way to identify if you have been infected is to use a
spyware scanner, which will be included in any spyware removal
software.
How to prevent spyware
Use antivirus and anti-spyware software.
Ensure that your browser, operating system, and software have
the latest updates and security patches.
Set your browser security and privacy levels higher.
Use extreme caution if you frequent file-sharing sites.
Don't click on pop-up ads.
Adware is the name given to programs that are designed to
display advertisements on your computer, redirect your search
requests to advertising websites and collect marketing-type data
about you – for example, the types of websites that you visit – so
that customised adverts can be displayed.
Adware – that collects data with your consent – should not be
confused with Trojanspyware programs that collect information,
without your permission. If Adware does not notify you that it is
gathering information, it is regarded as malicious – for example,
malware that uses Trojan-Spy behaviour.
There are two main ways in which Adware can get onto your
computer:
Via freeware or shareware
Adware can be included within some freeware or shareware
programs – as a legitimate way of generating advertising
revenues that help to fund the development and distribution of the
freeware or shareware program.
Infected websites
A visit to an infected website can result in unauthorised
installation of Adware on your machine. Hacker technologies are
often used. For instance, your computer can be penetrated via a
browser vulnerability, and Trojans that are designed for stealthy
installation can be used. Adware programs that work in this way
are often called Browser Hijackers.
b. Spam is the electronic equivalent of the ‘junk mail’ that arrives
on your doormat or in your postbox. However, spam is more than
just annoying. It can be dangerous – especially if it’s part of a
phishing scam.
Spam emails are sent out in mass quantities by spammers
and cybercriminals that are looking to do one or more of the
following:
Make money from the small percentage of recipients that actually
respond to the message
Run phishing scams – in order to obtain passwords, credit card
numbers, bank account details and more
Spread malicious code onto recipients’ computers
c. Phishing This is done by sending you an email that will direct
the user to visit a website and be asked to update his/her
username, password, credit card, or personal information.
Pharming – a more complicated way of phishing where it exploits
the DNS (Domain Name Service) system.
Phishing is a type of Internet fraud that seeks to acquire a user’s
credentials by deception. It includes theft of passwords, credit
card numbers, bank account details and other confidential
information.
Phishing messages usually take the form of fake notifications
from banks, providers, e-pay systems and other organizations.
The notification will try to encourage a recipient, for one reason
or another, to urgently enter/update their personal data. Such
excuses usually relate to loss of data, system breakdown, etc.
Phishing attacks are becoming more advanced in their
exploitation of social engineering techniques. In most cases,
fraudsters try to frighten a recipient by providing a seemingly
important reason that the recipient should divulge their personal
data. Such messages usually contain threats to block an account
if a recipient does not fulfill the requirements therein. For
instance, “if you do not provide your personal data by the end of
the week, your account will be blocked”. Ironically, it is not
unknown for phishers to make reference to the necessity of
improving anti-phishing systems as one of the reasons for the
disclosure of confidential information. A typical ruse might be “if
you want to secure yourself against phishing, click the link and
enter your user name and password”.
3. Protecting reputations online
4. Copyright
5. Contextualized online search and research skills
Activity 2
Community Problem: ___________________________
Vicinity: _____________________________________
Campaign Name: ______________________________
Type of Social Media Used: ______________________
Website Used: ________________________________
What will be the content of your social media site?
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Why did you choose that type of social media?
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Why did you choose that website?
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