Tarea 2

Cristian Parra Alvial

Elo 352: Comunicaciones por fibra óptica

Profesor: Ricardo Olivares
Fecha: 10/10/2017

Problema 2.1
A multimode fiber with a 50-µm core diameter is designed to limit the intermodal dispersion to
10 ns/km. What is the numerical aperture of this fiber? What is the limiting bit rate for
transmission over 10 km at 0.88 µm? Use 1.45 for the refractive index of the cladding.
Δ𝑡 𝑛1 − 𝑛2 𝑛1 𝑛1 − 𝑛2
= ⋅ ≈
𝐿 𝑐 𝑛2 𝑐
Δ𝑡 𝑛𝑠
= 10 [ ]
𝐿 𝑘𝑚
𝑠
10 ⋅ 10−9 [𝑚] 𝑚
𝑛1 = ⋅ 3 ⋅ 108 [ ] + 𝑛2 = 1,453
1000 𝑠

𝐴𝑁 = √𝑛12 − 𝑛22 = 0,0933

𝑛1 − 𝑛2
Δ= = 2,06 ⋅ 10−3
𝑛1
𝑐 ⋅ 𝑛2
𝐵𝐿 <
𝑛12 ⋅ Δ
Reemplazando los valores obtenidos en la figura de mérito se obtiene el bit rate para el enlace:
𝐵 < 10[𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠]
Problema 2.5
A single-mode fiber has an index step n1 −n2 = 0.005. Calculate the core radius if the fiber has a
cutoff wavelength of 1 µm. Estimate the spot size (FWHM) of the fiber mode and the fraction of
the mode power inside the core when this fiber is used at 1.3 µm. Use n1 = 1.45.
𝜆𝑐 = 1[𝜇𝑚]
𝑛2 = 1,445

𝐴N = √𝑛12 − 𝑛22 = 0,12031

2𝜋𝑎
𝑉= ⋅ 𝐴𝑁
𝜆𝑐
Como opera en monomodo la frecuencia normalizada de corte (V) está en el límite:
𝑉 = 2,405
Se tiene que el radio 𝑎 es:
𝑎 = 3,18[𝜇𝑚]

Para el caso de 𝜆𝑐 = 1,3[𝜇𝑚]

Se tiene que la frecuencia normalizada de corte es:
2𝜋 ⋅ 3,18[ 𝑚𝑢𝑚]
𝑉= ⋅ 𝐴𝑁 = 1,849
1,3[𝜇𝑚]

Extrayendo información del gráfico de flujo de potencias se encuentra que:

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
= 0,66
𝑃
Problema 2.6
A 1.55-µm unchirped Gaussian pulse of 100-ps width (FWHM) is launched into a single-mode
fiber. Calculate its FWHM after 50 km if the fiber has a dispersion of 16 ps/(km-nm). Neglect the
source spectral width.
𝑇0
Como 𝑇𝐹𝑊𝐻𝑀 = 2√ln(2) ⋅ 𝑇0 y 𝜎0 =
√2
𝑇𝐹𝑊𝐻𝑀
Se tiene que 𝜎0 = = 6 ⋅ 10−11 [𝑠]
2√2 ln(2)

2 2 2
𝜎 2 𝐶𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽3 𝐿
( ) = [(1 + 2 ) + (1 + 𝑉𝑤2 ) ( 2 ) + (1 + 𝐶 2 + 𝑉𝑤2 )2 ( ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0 2𝜎0 4√2 𝜎0 3

Del enunciado se tiene que C=0 y se desprecia el ancho espectral de la fuente (𝑉𝑤 = 0) y además
la longitud de onda está lejos de 𝜆𝑍𝐷 por lo tanto 𝛽3 = 0
Se tiene que:
2
𝜎 2 𝛽2 𝐿
( ) = [( 2 ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0

2𝜋𝐶 𝐷𝜆2 𝑝𝑠 2
𝐷 = −( ) ⋅ 𝛽2 ⇒ 𝛽2 = − ( )[ ]
𝜆2 2𝜋𝐶 𝑘𝑚
𝑝𝑠 (1550[𝑛𝑚])2 𝑝𝑠 2
𝛽2 = −16[ ]⋅ = −20,39 [ ]
𝑘𝑚 − 𝑛𝑚 2𝜋3 ⋅ 105 [𝑛𝑚] 𝑘𝑚
𝑝𝑠
Finalmente reemplazando los valores para obtener 𝜎, se tiene:
𝜎 = 44,1246[𝑝𝑠]
Problema 2.10
Estimate the limiting bit rate for a 60-km single-mode fiber link at 1.3- and 1.55- µm
wavelengths assuming transform-limited, 50-ps (FWHM) input pulses. Assume that β2 = 0 and
𝒑𝒔𝟐 𝒑𝒔𝟑
−𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒎 and 𝜷𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒌𝒎 and 0 at 1.3- and 1.55-µm wavelengths, respectively. Also assume
that Vω <<1
𝑇𝐹𝑊𝐻𝑀
𝜎0 = = 21,23[𝑝𝑠]
2√2 ln(2)
2 2 2
𝜎 2 𝐶𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽3 𝐿
( ) = [(1 + 2 ) + (1 + 𝑉𝑤2 ) ( 2 ) + (1 + 𝐶 2 + 𝑉𝑤2 )2 ( ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0 2𝜎0 4√2 𝜎0 3
𝑝𝑠2
• Para 𝛽2 = −20 [ ], 𝐶 = 0 y 𝑉𝑤 ≪ 1
𝑘𝑚
2
𝜎 2 𝛽2 𝐿
( ) = [1 + ( 2 ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0

𝜎 = 35,34[𝑝𝑠]

1
𝐵<
4𝜎

𝐵 < 7,07[𝐺𝑏𝑝𝑠]

𝑝𝑠3
• Para 𝛽3 = 0,1 [ ], 𝐶 = 0 y 𝑉𝑤 ≪ 1
𝑘𝑚
2
𝜎 2 𝛽3 𝐿
( ) = [1 + ( ) ]
𝜎0 4√2 𝜎0 3

𝜎 = 21,23[𝑝𝑠]

𝐵 < 11,77[𝐺𝑏𝑝𝑠]
Problema 2.11
A 0.88-µm communication system transmits data over a 10-km single-mode fiber by using 10-ns
(FWHM) pulses. Determine the maximum bit rate if the LED has a spectral FWHM of 30 nm. Use
D = −80 ps/(km-nm).
𝑇𝐹𝑊𝐻𝑀 10[𝑛𝑠]
𝜎0 = = = 4,246[𝑛𝑠] = 4246[𝑝𝑠]
2√2 ln(2) 2√2 ln(2)
2𝜋𝑐
𝜎𝑊𝐿𝐸𝐷 = ( 2 ) 𝜎𝜆
𝜆
𝑚
2𝜋3 ⋅ 108 [ 𝑠 ] 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜎𝑊𝐿𝐸𝐷 =( −6 2
) ⋅ 30 ⋅ 10−9 [𝑚] = 7,302 ⋅ 1013 [ ]
(0,88 ⋅ 10 [𝑚]) 𝑠

𝑉𝑊 = 2𝜎𝑊 𝜎0 = 620107,54 ≫ 1
𝑝𝑠
−𝐷𝜆2 𝑝𝑠 2 80 [ ] (880[𝑛𝑚])2 𝑝𝑠 2
𝛽2 = [ ]= 𝑘𝑚 − 𝑛𝑚 = 32,86 [ ]
2𝜋𝑐 𝑘𝑚 𝑝𝑠 𝑘𝑚
2𝜋3 ⋅ 105 [𝑛𝑚]
2 2 2
𝜎 2 𝐶𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽3 𝐿
( ) = [(1 + 2 ) + (1 + 𝑉𝑤2 ) ( 2 ) + (1 + 𝐶 2 + 𝑉𝑤2 )2 ( ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0 2𝜎0 4√2 𝜎0 3

Se tiene que 𝐶 = 0 y 𝛽3 = 0, por lo tanto:

2
𝜎 2 𝛽2 𝐿
( ) = [1 + (1 + 𝑉𝑤2 ) ( 2 ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0

Reemplazando los valores en la formula, se tiene finalmente:

𝜎 = 24,367[𝑛𝑠]
Para calcular el máximo bit rate se considera lo siguiente:
1
4𝐵𝜎 < 1 ⇒ 𝐵<
4𝜎
Luego: 𝐵 < 10,259[𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠]
Problema 2.13
Repeat Problem 2.12 for the case of a single-mode semiconductor laser for which Vω << 1 and
show that the bit rate is limited by B(|β3|L)1/3 < 0.324. What is the limiting bit rate for L = 100
km if β3 = 0.1 ps3/km?
2 2 2
𝜎 2 𝐶𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽3 𝐿
( ) = [(1 + 2 ) + (1 + 𝑉𝑤2 ) ( 2 ) + (1 + 𝐶 2 + 𝑉𝑤2 )2 ( ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0 2𝜎0 4√2 𝜎0 3

De los datos del problema se tiene:

𝐶=0
𝛽2 = 0
𝑉𝑊 = 0
Por lo tanto, la ecuación nos queda de la siguiente manera:
2
𝜎 2 𝛽3 𝐿
( ) = [1 + ( ) ]
𝜎0 4√2 𝜎0 3

2
𝛽3 𝐿
𝜎 = √𝜎02 + (
2
)
4√2𝜎03
1
El valor mínimo para 𝜎 se consigue para 𝜎0 = (𝛽|3|𝐿4)3 , y está dado por:
1
3 𝛽3 𝐿 3
𝜎 = 𝜎min =√ ( )
2 4

Usando 4𝐵𝜎 ≤ 1, se tiene:

1
𝐵(|𝛽3 |𝐿)3 ≤ 0,324
Finalmente, para los valores dados:
𝑝𝑠 3
𝐿 = 100[𝑘𝑚], 𝛽3 = 0,1
𝑘𝑚
Se calcula el bit rate:
𝐵 ≤ 150,38[𝐺b𝑝𝑠]
Problema2.15
A 1.55-µm optical communication system operating at 5 Gb/s is using Gaussian pulses of width
100 ps (FWHM) chirped such that C = −6. What is the dispersion-limited maximum fiber length?
How much will it change if the pulses were unchirped? Neglect laser linewidth and assume that
β2 = −20 ps2/km.
𝑝𝑠 2
𝛽2 = −20 [ ] 𝑉𝑊 = 0
𝑘𝑚
𝛽3 = 0
𝑇𝐹𝑊𝐻𝑀 100[p𝑠]
𝜎0 = = = 42,466[p𝑠]
2√2 ln(2) 2√2 ln(2)
1
4𝐵𝜎 < 1 → 𝜎< → 𝜎 < 50[𝑝𝑠]
4 ⋅ 5[𝐺𝑏𝑝𝑠]
2 2 2
𝜎 2 𝐶𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽3 𝐿
( ) = [(1 + 2 ) + (1 + 𝑉𝑤2 ) ( 2 ) + (1 + 𝐶 2 + 𝑉𝑤2 )2 ( ) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0 2𝜎0 4√2 𝜎0 3

2 2
𝜎 2 𝐶𝛽2 𝐿 𝛽2 𝐿
( ) = [(1 + 2 ) + ( 2) ]
𝜎0 2𝜎0 2𝜎0

• Para 𝐶 = −6, y reemplazando los valores en la ecuación resultante se obtiene:

𝐿 = 5,32[𝑘𝑚]
• Para 𝐶 = 0, y reemplazando los valores en la ecuación resultante se obtiene:
𝐿 = 112,076[𝑘𝑚]

Problema 2.16
A 1.3-µm lightwave system uses a 50-km fiber link and requires at least 0.3 µW at the receiver.
The fiber loss is 0.5 dB/km. Fiber is spliced every 5 km and has two connectors of 1-dB loss at
both ends. Splice loss is only 0.2 dB. Determine the minimum power that must be launched into
the fiber
Prec = 0,0003[mW] = −35,23[dbm]
𝛼𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 0,2[𝑑𝑏]
𝐿 50
𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒 = ( − 1) ⋅ 𝛼𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒 = ( − 1) ⋅ 0,2 = 1,8[𝑑𝑏]
5 5
𝑃𝑡𝑥 − (𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠) ≥ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑏
𝑃𝑡𝑥 − (50[𝑘𝑚] ⋅ 0,5 [ ]) − 2 ⋅ 1[𝑑𝑏] − 1,8[𝑑𝑏] ≥ −35,23[𝑑𝑏𝑚]
𝑘𝑚
𝑃𝑡𝑥 ≥ −6,43[𝑑𝑏𝑚] = 0,2275[𝑚𝑊]