IB History Stalin

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These are my IB notes on Stalin. They cover Stalin's rise to power, collectivization,
industrialization, foreign policy, cult, society and culture. Some of the notes may have been
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Stalin1

Rise to Power

1)

Trotsky’s Weakness

Seen as potential dictator

Only joined Bolsheviks in Aug 1917 and was

1/23
not a loyal member

Went hunting during meeting

Too high-minded and arrogant

Repected but no personal loyalty

Seen as person most likely to split party

Health poor

Skipped meetings

Lack of political sensitivity

2/23
Didn’t attend Lenin’s funeral

“political error of the 1

st

magnitude”

2)

Luck

Luck favoured Stalin over Trotsky

Lenin died at the right time

January 1924

USSR desperate for change

3/23
o

Time of upheaval

Managed to manipulate people

Central Committee did not publish Lenin’s political testament

3)

Politically skilled

Cunning and ruthless

Underestimated by rivals

Ignored as ‘grey blue’ and rivals concentrated on eliminating Trotsky

4/23
Outmanoeuvred opponents

First

Created Triumvirate (Stalin, Kamenev, Zinoviev) VS Trotsky

Denounced him

Lost power of red army

lost a lot of support

Highlighted all his disagreements

made it seem like a crime

Second

5/23


Against left - Kamenev and Zinoviev

Triumvirate ended = realised Stalin was becoming too powerful

United Opposition (Kamenev, Zinoviev, Trotsky + Lenin’s wife) VS Stalin

They were then kicked out of Comm Party

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Stalin2

Third

6/23


Against Right

Bukharin, Tomsky and Rykov

Denunciations and lost of positions

Stalin had many allies in Politburo

Disagreed with their NEP

Say need to enforce a fully communist economy

Appear at Lenin’s funeral as his true heir

Transfer Lenin’s prestige to himself

7/23


Able to gauge the mood and act accordingly

Able to perceive what people wanted

By 1929, they

didn’t want NEP

4)

Control in Party

In 1922, he was appointed General Secretary of the party

Enabled him to ‘hire and fire’ influential Party members

8/23
Had key positions in the buros

Politburo

Orgburo

Had a lot of power

Able to appoint his own supporters

Expel Trotsky supporters

This made him a useful ally

Other contenders wanted him on their side

could deliver votes

9/23
5)

Personal Qualities

Dull and mediocre

No one saw him as threat

until it was too late

Tough and ruthless

Determined to protect power base

Less high-minded, more down to earth and more pratical

Very loyal member

10/23
Would never cause disunity in party

Stalin3

Stalin Historiography

Structuralist

Stalin = product of RU’s circumstances

Need strong ruler after war

Natural success of Lenin

Continuity

Lenin created single party dictatorship and system of terror, which S continued


11/23
Deviation

Stalin distorted Lenin’s legacy

Used terror as normal feature of govt when USSR at peace

Created monstrous personality cult

Stalin4

Collectivization

Intro:

1920s USSR remained a backward state

1930s tremendous change

12/23
Stalin wanted to build a Communist Utopia in USSR

Methods used:

Collectivization

Industrialization

Kulaks

‘enemies of people’ killed off

Reasons farms were collectivized

1.

Achieve socialismin countryside

13/23
1/125 = communist in countryside2.

Control and

transform ‘backward peasantry’

Peasants were seen as ‘primitive’ and ‘uneducated’

3.

Solve problems of food shortage

Serious problems in 1927-8: peasants and states at loggerheads4.

Industrialization

Provide surplus manpower, food and $$ for rapid industrialisation

‘war scare’ highlight RU need to catch up with West

5.

14/23
Provecommunism= way fwd

Could eliminate kulak

Collectives were run by party

peasants firmly under party’s control

NEP

Economic growth slow

Capitalist way

State Farms Collective Farms

Owned by govtBoth have pieces of land

Individual farms don’t exist anymore

Farmers worked and paid like factory workersFarmers coming together, profits go to
states,keep 20% of production
15/23
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