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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Available online 1 September 2017
In Press, Corrected Proof

Review
Chitosan as biomaterial in drug delivery and tissue engineering
Saad M. Ahsan a … Ira Bhatnagar a
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.140
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Abstract
Chitin is one of the most abundant polysaccharide found on earth. The deacetylated form of chitin viz. chitosan has been reported for
its various important pharmacological properties and its role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is also well
documented. Chitosan based bone graft substitutes are biocompatible, biodegradable, osteoconductive, osteoinductive and
structurally similar to bone, with excellent mechanical strength and cost effectiveness. Chitosan based hydrogels and wound healing
bandages have also found a great market in the field of medicine. More recently, chitosan has gained popularity for its use as a
matrix molecule for drug delivery and also finds an upcoming utility in the area of dentistry. The present article has tried to review the
latest research on chitosan based tissue engineering constructs, drug delivery vehicles as well as dental care products. An attempt
has also been made to discuss the various modifications of chitosan that enhance its use for a given set of applications which would
pave a way for future applied research in the field of biomedical innovation and regenerative medicine.

Abbreviations
SBCs, Sugar-bearing chitosans; HGC, hydrophobically modified glycolchitosan; Chitosan-CNT, Chitosan-carbon nanotube; TPP,
Tripolyphosphate; BSA, Bovine serum albumin; PGA, Poly-γ-glutamic acid; O-HTCC, O-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethylammonium
chitosan chloride; PLL, Poly-l-Iysine; PEI, Polyethylenimine; GAGs, Glycosaminoglycans; WSC, Water soluble chitosan; FGF-2,
Fibroblast growth factor-2; AgSD, Silver sulfadiazine; PEC, Polyelectrolyte complexes; HA, Hydroxyapatite; nHA,
Nanohydroxyapatite; βig-h3, Beta-induced gene h3; BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein; PDGF, Platelet-derived growth factor;
OMMT, Organo-montmorillonite; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; PLLA, Poly(L-lactic acid); BMP7, Bone morphogenetic protein; TGF-
β1, Transforming growth factor-β1; PCL, Polycaprolactone; PEDOT, Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PVA, Poly (vinyl alcohol);
bioMEMS, Biomicroelectromechanical systems

Keywords
Chitosan; Biomedicine; Drug delivery; Gene delivery; Tissue engineering; Denstistry

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