EARTH SCIENCE

ASTRONOMY
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 TERMS
The earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees.
 The earth’s rotation on its axis gives rise to
the phenomenon of alternating day and night.
The earth rotates towards the east.
Seasons are caused by the changing
orientation of the earth’s axis with respect to
the sun as the planet revolves around the Sun.

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 TERMS
Equator – the imaginary line dividing the
Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and
Southern Hemisphere.
The lines used to determine the location of a
certain point in the globe are longitude and
latitude

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 TERMS
Aphelion – the point on its orbit when the
Earth is farthest from the sun
Perihelion – the point on its orbit when the
Earth is closest to the sun

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 APOGEE
When a satellite follows a non-circular orbit
around the earth, the satellite's path is an
ellipse with the center of the earth at one
focus.
Such a satellite has variable altitude and
variable orbital speed.
The point of highest altitude is called apogee.

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 PERIGEE
When a satellite follows a non-circular orbit
around the earth, the satellite's path is an
ellipse the center of the earth at one focus.
Such a satellite has variable altitude and
variable orbital speed.
The point of lowest altitude is called perigee.

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 PARALAX
Parallax is an apparent displacement or
difference of orientation of an object viewed
along two different lines of sight, and is
measured by the angle or semi-angle of
inclination between those two lines.
The term is derived from the Greek
παράλλαξις (parallaxis), meaning
"alteration".

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Exclusively for My Review Coach online LET review. Not for redistribution. © 2011 My Review Coach of Philippines.
 BIG BANG THEORY
 Occurred 15 billion
years ago
 Model for the
beginning of the
universe
 States the universe
expanded from an
extremely dense and
hot state and
continues to expand
today.
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 SOLAR SYSTEM

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 FEATURES OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
 In a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy
 Sun
 8 planets
 101 known moons (satellites)
 A tremendous number of asteroids (most
orbit the Sun between the orbits of Mars
and Jupiter)
 Millions of comets and meteorites
 Interplanetary dust and gases

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 THE PLANETS
Terrestrial Planets Jovial Planets
 Mercury  Jupiter
 Venus  Saturn

 Earth  Uranus

 Mars  Neptune

 small, composed of rock,  large, composed of

with metal cores hydrogen, helium,
ammonia, methane,
relatively small rocky
cores
…Pluto?
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 ECLIPSE
An astronomical
event that occurs
when one celestial
object moves into
the shadow of
another.
The two types of
eclipses are the solar
and lunar eclipse.

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 SOLAR ECLIPSE
 Occurs when the moon is between the sun
and the earth. The moon’s shadow moves
across the face of the earth.

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 LUNAR ECLIPSE
 Occurs when the earth is between the sun
and the moon. The earth’s shadow darkens
the moon.

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 CONSTELLATIONS

Ursa Minor Ursa Major

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 URSA MINOR

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 URSA MINOR
The constellation Ursa Minor contains the
group of stars commonly called the Little
Dipper.
The most famous star in Ursa Minor is
POLARIS, the North Star. This is the star that is
nearest to the North Celestial Pole.
In addition, the angle of Polaris above the
horizon tells you your latitude on the Earth.
Because of this, Polaris was the most
important star for navigating at sea.

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 URSA MAJOR

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 URSA MAJOR
The constellation Ursa Major contains the
group of stars commonly called the Big
Dipper.
The handle of the Dipper is the Great Bear's
tail and the Dipper's cup is the Bear's flank.

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