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Thandaveswara
energies before ( E1 ) and after ( E2 ) the jump and can be shown to be equal to
3
∆E =
( y2 − y1 ) (29.1)
4 y1 y2
Show that
( y − y1 )
3
Solution
Momentum equation can be written as
γQ
( V2 − V1 ) = p1 -p 2
g
γQ
( V2 − V1 ) = γ b ( y12 − y 22 )
1
g 2
Q = by1V1 = by 2 V2
Q Q Q
= q, V1 = , V2 =
b by1 by 2
γQ ⎛ Q Q⎞ 1
⎜ − ⎟ = γ ( y1 + y 2 )( y1 _ y 2 )
2
gb ⎝ y 2 y1 ⎠ 2
Q 2 ⎡ y1 − y 2 ⎤ 1
⎢ ⎥ = ( y1 + y 2 )( y1 _ y 2 )
gb 2 ⎣ y1y 2 ⎦ 2
Q 2 1 ( y1 + y 2 )( y1 − y 2 ) ( y1y 2 )
=
gb 2 2 ( y1 − y2 )
Q2 1
= ( y1 + y2 )( y1y 2 ) (1)
2gb 2 4
V12 V2
y1 + = y 2 + 2 + ∆E
2g 2g
Q2 Q2
y1 + = y 2 + + ∆E
2gy12 b 2 2gy 22 b 2
Q2 ⎡ 1 1⎤
( y1 − y 2 ) + 2 ⎢ 2
− 2 ⎥ = ∆E
2gb ⎣ y1 y 2 ⎦
Q 2 ⎡ y 22 − y12 ⎤
( y1 − y 2 ) + ⎢ ⎥ = ∆E
2gb 2 ⎣ y12 y 22 ⎦
⎡ Q 2 ( y 2 + y1 ) ⎤
∆E = ( y1 − y 2 ) ⎢1 − 2 ⎥
⎣ 2gb y12 y 22 ⎦
Substituting equation (1)
⎡ 1 (y + y )⎤
∆E = ( y1 − y 2 ) ⎢1 − ( y 2 + y1 ) y1y 2 2 2 2 1 ⎥
⎣ 4 y1 y 2 ⎦
⎡ 1 ( y 2 + y1 )2 ⎤
= ( y1 − y 2 ) ⎢1 − ⎥
⎣⎢ 4 y1y 2 ⎦⎥
=
( y1 − y 2 ) ⎡⎣ 4y1y 2 − y1 − y 2 − 2y1y 2 ⎤⎦
2 2
4 y1y 2
( y − y2 ) ⎡− ( y − y2 )
3
∆E = 1
4y1y 2 ⎣
(y2
1 + y + 2y1y 2 ) ⎦
2
2
⎤= 1
4y1y 2
3
⎡ 2 − 3⎤
⎢⎣ 1 + 8F1 ⎥⎦
∆E 1
= (29.2)
E1 8 (2 + F 2 ) [ 1 + 8F 2 − 1]
1 1
( y2 − y1 )
3
∆E E1 − E 2 4y1y 2
= =
E1 E1 V2
y1 + 1
2g
3 3
⎛ y2 ⎞ ⎡ y13 ⎤ ⎛ y 2 ⎞ y12
⎜ − 1⎟ ⎢ ⎥ ⎜ y − 1⎟ 4y
= ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎣ 1 2⎦ =⎝ 1 ⎠
y 4y y 2
y1 ⎡ V ⎤
2 y
⎡⎣ 2 + F12 ⎤⎦
2+ 1 ⎥
1
2⎣ ⎢ 2gy1 ⎦ 2
{ }
3
⎡1 ⎤
⎢2 1 + 8F − 1 − 1⎥
1
2
2
= ⎣ ⎦ . y1 * 2
( 2 + F12 ) 4y 2 y1
{ }
3
⎡1 ⎤
⎢2 1 + 8F − 1 − 1⎥
1
2
= ⎣ ⎦ * 1
( 2 + F1 )
2
⎛y ⎞
2⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ y1 ⎠
( )
3
⎧1 ⎫
⎨ 1 + 8F − 1 ⎬ 1
2
= ⎩2 ⎭
( )
2
2 ⎡1 ⎤
( 2 + F1 ) ⎢⎣ 2 1 + 8F1 − 1 ⎥⎦
2
( )
3
∆E 1+ 8F12 − 3
( )
=
E1 8 ( 2 + F12 ) 1 + 8F12 − 1
It can be seen from Eq.29.2 that when F1 is 20, the relative loss would be 86% but to
dissipate 99.6 % of the initial energy a Froude number of 1000 is required !. The energy
in the jump is dissipated through the conversion of mean kinetic energy into turbulence
and through viscous action. Rajaratnam ( 1967 ) presented the following equation to
x
y / y 1 + 0.632 F12 f" ( )
E y1
= (29.3)
E1 F2
1+ 1
2
that the energy profile falls rapidly in the initial part of the jump and approaches the
downstream energy line asymtotically. This analysis includes the turbulent kinetic