Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared for
The Metal Properties Council
and ASTM-ASME-MPC Joint Committee on
Effect of Temperature on the
Properties of Metals
by M. J. Manjoine and H. R. Voorhees
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Copyright © by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1982
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 81-70979
NOTE
The Society is not responsible, as a body,
for the statements and opinions
advanced in this publication.
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Foreword
This book compiles published and known data on The members of Subcommittee 5 of The Metal
stress relaxation of metals and alloys of engineering Properties Council are as follows:
interest. It contains all data from the previous ASTM
Special Technical Publication No. 187, by the ASTM- M. J. Manjoine, Chairman (Westinghouse
ASME-MPC Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature Research Laboratories)
on the Properties of Metals. S. F. Collis (Alcoa Research Laboratories)
S. G. Epstein (The Aluminum Association)
This current project was sponsored by the Metal R. F. Gill (General Electric Company)
Properties Council, Inc. under the guidance of its F. Kull (SPS Technologies, Inc.)
Subcommittee 5 on stress Relaxation. The data were R. W. Swindeman (Oak Ridge National Lab.)
compiled and analyzed for the Subcommittee by Dr. H. R. Voorhees (Materials Technology Corp.)
Howard R. Voorhees. R. C. Westgren (Wean United Inc.)
R. E. Zinkham ( Reynolds Metals Company)
The Subcommittee acknowledges with gratitude
those individuals and organizations who contributed
data and services to this effort. The data sources
are referenced in the tables, and those who contrib-
uted services can take pride from the result.
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Related
ASTM Publications
I
Selection and Use of Wear Tests for Metals, STP 615 (1977), 04-615000-23
ii
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Contents
Foreword
Introduction
1. Stress Relaxation of Metals and Alloys v
2. Relaxation Mechanics v
2. 1 Anelastic strain v
2. 2 Plastic strain v
2. 3 Microplastic strain v
2. 4 Creep vi
2. 4. 1 Primary creep strain vi
2. 4. 2 Secondary creep vi
2.4.3 Tertiary creep vi
3. Stress Relaxation Testing vi
4. Analyses of Data vi
4. 1 Stress relaxation at temperatures below 0. 4 Tm vii
4. 2 Stress relaxation at temperatures above 0. 4 Tm vii
4. 3 Loss of stress for a bar under constant total strain vii
4. 4 Stress relief by relaxation vii
4. 4. 1 Thermal treatment viii
4. 4. 2 Mechanical and thermo-mechanical treatment viii
5. Utilization of Stress Relaxation Data viii
5. 1 Bolting design viii
5. 2 Press-fitted joints, springs, and clamps viii
5. 3 Creep-fatigue damage viii
5. 4 Constitutive relationships viii
6. References viii
Fig. 1 - Comparative 1000-hour Relaxation Strengths for Several Classes of Alloys x
Fig. 2 - Relaxation of Solution-annealed Type 304 Stainless Steel xi
Fig. 3 - Relaxation of a 20% Cold-worked Type 304 Stainless Steel from 900 to 1300 F
(482 to 704 C) for an Initial Inelastic Strain of 0. 07% xii
Fig. 4 - Remaining Stress for an Annealed Type 304 Stainless Steel Bar at Constant
Strain, as a Function of Temperature and Time xiii
Compilation
Introduction 1
Tabular Data 1
Graphical Presentations 2
Units for Stress 2
Cast Irons 3
Gray Cast Iron 4
Nodular Cast Iron ( Ductile Iron) 20
Carbon Steels (Including carbon-manganese grades) 29
Carbon-Molybdenum Steels (Including copper-molybdenum grades) 77
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 93
Cr-Mo-V Steels (Including Mo-V Steels) 137
Modified Cr-Mo-V Steels 207
Steels Containing 0. 6% or More Tungsten 219
Co-Cr-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications 219
Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels 233
iii
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Ultrahigh Strength Steels 249
Modified H-11 249
9 Ni - Co Steels 249
18 Ni Maraging Steel 249
AM-350 ; AM-355 249
12% Cr Steels 257
Austenitic Stainless Steels ( Including some early superalloys) 319
High-Iron Superalloys 395
Iron-Base Superalloys with Cobalt 415
Cobalt-Base Superalloys 423
Nickel-Base Superalloys 431
Aluminum Alloys 493
Copper Alloys 527
Titanium Alloys 551
Miscellaneous Alloys 571
iv
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Introduction
* References with a prefix "D" are from the Data Sources listed in Section 8. Those with a prefix "R" are
listed under "References" in Section 6.
v
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2. 4 Creep. For temperatures above 0. 4 Tm• the initial stress minus the remaining (residual) stress
thermal activation enhances the flow mechanisms. during a stress-relaxation test. Tension tests have
Creep is defined as the time-dependent deformation the advantage that the stress can be measured eas-
under applied stress, a, which persists with time. ily and the gage length can be larger for better sen-
Under constant stress or load, three stages of creep sitivity in maintaining constraint with a given exten-
are identified for many materials: Primary, Secon- someter. The relaxation test can be performed by
dary, and Tertiary. differing loading procedures:
vi
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[D26J, Johnson [D51J, Oc!ing [D75J and others have 4. 3 Loss of stress for a bar under constant total
been reviewed by Conway[R 16). strain
4. 1 Stress relaxation at temperatures below 0. 4 Tm The relaxation of the stress in a bar under con-
stant total strain can result from a thermal expan-
The stress relaxation at temperatures below a- sion, inelastic flow, and metallurgical changes. The
bout 0. 4 Tm are a result of inelastic strains which initial stress may be a result of an external load or
after a time period reach a limit that is a function of displacement, or from a residual stress due to dif-
the initial stress and the temperature. These inelas- ferential plastic strains. Since the initial strain in
tic strains were described in Section 2, and are due the bar is constant, the stress is a product of the e-
to micro- and macro-plasticity and anelasticity. The lastic strain and the elastic modulus. This modulus
initial stress or strain can be induced in structures decreases with rising temperature; therefore, the
by fabrication loads or service thermal gradients. stress is reduced on heating. The initial stress under
simple tension can be as high as the flow stress for
An example of this relaxation limit is given in the initial total strain.
Figure 2 for an annealed Type 304 stainless steel for
which Tm is about 800 deg. F. The remaining stress The case for heating a bar of annealed Type 304
reaches a limiting value within 100 hours for tempera- stainless steel with an initial stress at room tempera-
tures up to 600 F (315 C) and 90% of this relaxation ture equal to the yield strength of 30 ksi ( 207 MPa)
takes place within 24 hours. The remaining stress is is illustrated in Figure 4. The top curve in that fig-
given in Figure 2 as a function of the initial stress. ure is the reduction of stress due to the change of the
This material at room temperature has significant modulus with temperature. The yield strength curve
relaxation which decreases with the initial stress. for a given strain rate is marked oy. This strength is
Little relaxation is observed for stresses below about less than that due to the modulus change, wherefore
one-half of the yield strength for virgin monotonic plastic flow will occur on heating and the stress will
loading. At 600 F ( 315 C) the amount of relaxation be reduced to a value near the yield curve. Since plas-
is greater than that above for a given initial stress, tic flow is initiated, stress relaxation further reduces
and no relaxation at stresses below one-half of the the stress to "the remaining stress for an initial stress
yield strength at this temperature. In this "lower" equal to the yield strength".
temperature range, sufficient stress must be applied
to initiate micro-plasticity. However, after a rever- Below 0. 4 T this stress reaches a limit value
sed stress above the proportional limit ( lowest curve within 100 hours.~he dashed and lowest curve indi-
in Figure 2) relaxation is observed for stress levels cates that if the initial stress is below this curve, no
below one-half of the yield strength and negative re- plastic flow is initiated and no relaxation will occur.
laxation ( increase in stress) may occur at low for-
ward stresses where the anelastic strain is domin- If the temperature is increased above 0. 4 Tm,
ant. [R 17-19) creep will continue with time and the stress will re-
lax with time of exposure. In Figure 4 the zero-time
4. 2 Stress relaxation at temperatures above 0. 4 Tm curve is shown as the yield strength curve; additional
curves are given for 100 and 1000 hours for tempera-
When creep strain is the dominate inelastic strain, tures up to 1300 F (704 C).
stress relaxation occurs continually with time and as
a function of the stress and temperature. The major- Similar curves can be generated for other mater-
ity of the data tabulated in this book are in this "higher" ials by utilizing the data of this book. For materials
temperature range, above 0. 4 of the absolute melting which undergo a metallurgical change with time and
temperature. temperature, the stress relaxation will be modified.
If precipitation results in a volume decrease, the re-
For a structure which is given an initial strain, maining stress will increase for a time, whereas
the percent relaxation can be measured as a function volume increases ( such as irradiation swelling) will
of time at a given temperature, and the data analyzed cause an additional stress relaxation. Metallurgical
to generate constitutive relationships for interpolation changes also influence the creep strength and this in
and extrapolation. A parameter P = log t - H/(T -0. 4 turn affects the rate of relaxation.
T ) gives good correlation for a cold-wor~ed Type
3&.l stainless steel in the creep range. [D 71 J The per- 4. 4 Stress relief by relaxation
cent relaxation for specimens loaded to an initial 0. 07
per cent strain and tested at several temperatures is The residual stress left in a structure from fab-
plotted as the solid curves in Figure 3. The dashed rication and processing can be detrimental in service
curves were obtained using the above parameter with because of corrosion, distortion, or reduction of the
the constantHbeing determined by the parameter me- fatigue and rupture strengths.
thod.
vii
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4. 4. 1 Thermal treatment Adequate residual bolt loads are required in
bolted assemblles subjected to vibratory loads to
The discussion in 4. 3 tllustrated how thermal prevent joint opening and the associated higher al-
exposure can reduce residual stresses and showed ternating stress on the bolt.
how the data in this book can be used to evaluate the
magnitude of the reduction. Residual stresses can 5. 2 Press-fitted joints, springs, and clamps
be ellmtnated by reheat treatment but in some cases
this is not practical. Residual stresses may result Other types of assemblles for which the success
from differential thermal expansion in dissimilar of a design depends on the analysts of the load or
materials. interface pressure and its relaxation under service
loads and environment are: press-fitted joints,
4. 4. 2 Mechanical and thermo-mechanical treatment springs, and clamps. Untaxtal tensile relaxation
data have been used in analyses of a cyllnder on a
Residual stresses are self-equilibrated and can rigid shaft [R 10] and of a rolled-in tube. [R 20]
be reduced by imposing for a short time a monotonic
uniform stress sufficiently high to cause plastic flow 5. 3 Creep-fatigue damage
in the volumes where the peak stresses are of the
same sign. The stress-time history of a component for ele-
vated temperature service can be very complex dur-
Since initiation of plastic flow in the forward di- ing start-up, operation and shut-down cycles. The
rection lowers the yield stress in the reverse direc- damages from stress and strain histories are a
tion, cyclic straining with decreasing amplltude can function of the strain rate, stress state, temperature
be employed to reduce residual stresses. This proc- and environment. [R 9, 10, 11, 21, 22]. However, the
ess ts similar to that for demagn1ttzation. In roller stress redtstrubution under multiaxtal stresses can
leveling of plates or straightening of shafts, reverse be analyzed using uniaxtal relaxation data. [R 22]
bending with decreasing amplitude can reduce the re- The strain damage during relaxation under multt-
sudual stresses and redistribute the remaining ones axial stress can be more severe for some mater-
over the entire cross section so that they will self- ials. [R 10]
equiltbrate over a short distance.
5. 4 Constitutive relationships
Mechanical and thermo-mechanical methods are Constitutive equations for a material describe
used to add favorable residual stresses as well as to the mechanical-thermal responses of plastic flow,
remove distortions or residual stresses. Surface creep, stress relaxation, and cycllc strain. The
compressive stresses improve fatigue strength and material models assume that the response can be
can be produced by shot peening, autofrettage or formulated for multtaxlal stress states using effect-
surface quenching ive stresses and strains, and that the time indepen-
dent part can be separated from the time dependent
Shafts can be straightened by local heating tech- part. Relaxation data,J therefore, are an important
niques to reduce residual stresses or to induce re- portion of the data base for a material. Comparison
sidual stresses which improve the straightness. of the relaxation and creep data allow the assessment
of the comparative roles of transient and stead]- state
creep in design and analysts. [D 26; R 8 and 22 J
viii
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Fatigue Life for Austenitic stainless steels", R 18. Swindeman, R. W., "Isocronous Relaxation
ASTM J. of Testing and Evaluation, May 1982. Curves for Type 304 Stainless steel After
Monotonic and Cyclic strain", ASTM J. of
R5. Microplasticlty, C. J. McMahon, Ed. , Advances Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 2, p. 192,(1979).
in Material Research, Vol. 2, John Wiley and
Sons,(1968.) R19. Davis, E. A., "Relaxation of a Cylinder on a
Rigid Shaft", Trans. , ASME, J. Applied Mech. ,
R6. Creep and Recovery, American Society for Vol. 82, Paper No. 59-A-31.
Metals, Cleveland, OH, (1957)
R 20. Davis, E. A., "Relaxation of stress in a Heat-
R7. McVelty, P. G., "Working stresses for High Exchanger Tube of Ideal Material", Trans.
Temperature Service", Mech. Engrg. , Vol. ASME, Vol. 74, pp.381-385, Apr. 1~
56, p. 149, (1934).
R21. ASME-MPC Symposium on Creep-Fatigue
RB. Manjoine, M. J. and Mudge, W. L., "Creep Interaction, MPC-3, American Society of
Properties of Annealed Unalloyed Zirconium", Mechanical Engineers, New York, (1976).
Proc. ASTM, Vol. 54, (1954), pp. 1050-1067.
R 22. Henderson, J. and Snedden, J. O. , p. 163
R9. Manjoine, M. J., "Multiaxlal stress and Frac- in Advances in Creep Design: the A. E. Johnson
ture", Fracture, Vol. 3: Engineering Funda- Memorial Volume, A. I. Smith and A. M. Nic-
mentals and Environmental Effects", Academic olson Editors, Applied Science Publishers,
Press, New York, (1970). London, (1971).
R 10. Manj oine, M. J. , "Duct111ty Indicies at Elevated R23. Lee,D. and Hart, E.W., "stress Relaxation
Temperature", Trans. ASME, J. Engineering and Mechanical Behavior of Metals", Met.
Materials and Technology, Vol. 97, Apr.1975. ~, Vol. 2, p. 1245, (1971). --
ix
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20
12Cr-Mo
\
lor-~~~,~-+~~~~~--Nt1'i£i"IH!.~~
Carbon ' ,
Steel '
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Initial Stress. MPa
40 ro 120 160 200
20 140
120
·v; 16 Limit of Relaxation ~
...: ~
After Virgin
...~
VI
600F ( 315C) lOO
...
-
VI
Q)
Monotonic Loadin Q)
V>
C"I
12 ro v; C"I
c: c:
c: ,.__After Stress Reversal. - a . c:
"iij 60 !ti
E
Q)
8 600F ( 315C) o E
Q)
0:: 0::
40
4
20
0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
a0 • Initial Stress. ksi
xi
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100
90
II)
80
-
II)
....
QI
VI
IQ
70
E
--c:
.....
0
c:
QI
u
60
50
....
QI - - Experimental ll00°F
0...
___ P= Log t- 395
40 T-1260
30
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Time, hrs.
Fig. 3- Relaxation of a 20 % cold-worked type 304 stainless steel
from 900 to 1300°F ( 482 - 704°C) for an initial inelastic strain
of 0.07 %
xii
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Temperature Centigrade
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
32 220
xiii
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DS60-EB/Sep. 1982
Compilation of
Stress-Relaxation Data
for Engineering Alloys
Introduction
Data presented here include results published in increasing alloy content, irrespective of heat treat-
1956 ( Ref. 1 ) by the ASTM-ASME Joint Committee ment or product form. When material with a given
on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals. composition was tested in two or more different con-
The laboratories by whom those results were con- ditions, results are listed in turn for each treatment,
tributed are identified by code letters listed in the to allow the reader to more-readily assess the in-
original compilation, and repeated under Reference fluence of the heat treatments. Deliberate modifi-
1. Additional unpublished contributions, solicited by cations of composition to alter properties have been
The Metal Properties Council through its Subcom- placed near the end of a grouping of steels of similar
mittee 5 on Stress Relaxation came from the organi- general composition in most instances. A bold-face
zations identified by code letters listed under Refer- notation in the left-hand margin is used to call at-
ence 2. tention to such modified materials.
Applicable data found by a search of the techni- In the graphic treatment or" relaxation proper-
cal literature have been added when the published ac- ties, separate plots show results for different heat
count sufficiently identified the test material and its treatments, or for different ranges of composition,
heat treatment. when sufficient data were available to justify such a
separation. On other occasions, an exception to the
Stress-relaxation properties compiled here are composition or condition of other data on the figure
for specific materials under conditions of constant has been indicated by a notation on the plot.
and uniform temperature. Such aspects as effects of
non-uniform temperature are to be covered later in Tabular Data
a separate volume.
Most of the tables are displayed on facing pages.
Overall organization of the data is by chemical The left ( upper ) page presents the chemical com-
composition, with progression from cast irons, to position and short-time mechanical properties, plus
ferritic steels of increasing alloy content, to stain- available information on type of microstructure or
less steels and superalloys, and finally to the non- other characterization; the lower page lists pertin-
ferrous alloys arranged in alphabetical order of the ent specifications, details of the history and form,
base metal. the stress-relaxation properties, and comments on
the relaxation-test procedure.
For some classes of steels, different types of
heat treatment and/or deliberate composition differ- A Material Number is assigned in sequence for
ences may be applied to meet opposing desires for each different combination of composition and heat
slow relaxation of stresses in bolts and other fasten- treatment within a given table. This Material Num-
ers; and for rapid relaxation of residual stresses in ber permits the user to readily match information
the vicinity of stress raisers or during stress-relief in the two portions of the table and corresponding
treatments. Overlap of property ranges, as well as data points shown in the figures on pages immedi-
deviation of actual compositions and properties from ately following the tables for that material.
those of any recognized standard, make impractical
separation of the data into, say, one group of bolting The major class of material is identified on the
materials and another group of piping materials. The tables and figures in large bold type. Subdivisions
tabulations therefore follow an approximate order of by range of composition or by heat treatment are
identified in smaller bold type. When data for dif- On occasion, none of the above types of plot was
ferent subdivisions were too limited to justify sepa- feasible; then, a plot of residual stress versus test
rate listing for each, a horizontal line divides the temperature (with initial stress or strain as a para-
table between such subdivisions. Headings identi- meter) or other form has been adopted to best fit the
fying the subdivisions are then arranged one above existing data, and to make evident the influence of
the other at the top of the table. pertinent variables.
Attention is called to unusual heat treatments or Whichever form of plot was used, in each in-
compositions by bold-face notations in the margins. stance the individual data points have been keyed to
Abbreviations employed for some notations include the table from which they came by Material Numbers
the following: shown near the top of each figure.
Q+T Quenched + tempered When two or more groups of tables have been
N+T Normalized+ tempered used to cover subordinate listings under the major
Ann. Annealed alloy class, the figures for each group follow im-
S.R. Stress relieved mediately after the tables for that group, before the
Mod. Modification. tables for the next sub- class.
The symbol i:t in a right margin calls attention Units for Stress
to an elasticity factor other than unity in the relax-
ation test. All tables feature double entries for tempera-
tures and for stresses, in customary units used
Graphical Presentations by United States engineers, and in the modernized
metric notation. The metric equivalent is listed in
Most of the tabulated data are treated in graphi- each instance immediately below the customary U.S.
cal form, but plots were not practical in some in- unit.
stances because the test results consisted of isola-
ted points for diverse compositions and conditions. Values for stress in the customary inch-pound
system are all given in ksi ( 1 ksi = 1, 000 psi), to
Results obtained by re-stressing of a specimen reduce needed column width; the equivalent metric
which had already undergone a relaxation test have unit is in meganewtons per square meter ( MN/m 2 ).
not been included on figures, but are given in the
tabular presentations. Because some readers may be more familiar
with other units, the following common unite are
In general, a separate plot of residual stress described and conversion factors are provided in
versus initial stress is shown for each of several the table below.
test temperatures, with the data coded to identify 3
results for 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 hours test ksi = 1000 psi= 10 pounds force/ square inch.
duration. Approximate curves through data for each
time have been drawn by eye, with attempts to show MN/m 2 = 10 6 Newtons/ square metre= Mega Pascal
a reasonable family of curves for progressive devi- (MPa)
ation from the line for zero time as relaxation time
2
gets greater. kgf/mm =kilogram-force/ square millimeter.
An alternate treatment for some sets of data is Ton/in. 2 = British long ton/square inch.
by fixed relaxation times, with test temperature for
each point shown by suitable code or notation. When
the initial stresses were not given, but the tables
listed initial strain for each test, similar plots were
constructed of residual stress versus initial strain.
CONVERSION TABLE
2 2
ksi MN/m kgf/mm 2 Ton/in.
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Cast Irons
Material No.
GRAY CAST IRON
Plain 1 to 14
Alloyed ( 0. 4 to 0. 6% Mo, 0. 1to1. 8% Ni, 0.15 to 0. 65% Cr ) 15 to 18
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Gray Cast Iron
....
]
E .
!?°
a.. i5i ] -
co:t
*-
::i
c:
~
.. c..
!!
!:!
::i
S!
:i Tata I
Chemical composition, % by wt.
Graphltlc
._LL U
.,
ti c:
N
0
. - 'i
N
c:
~
0
.,
-0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v c p s I- i! 0
ct
0
iii a:
0
1 E 3.34 0.80 1. 93 2.64 0.154 0.122 aRoorr 35. 0 BHN 205
241. 3
"Roon: 32.0 bBHN 183
220.6
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jj Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f.
i3
.."' Residual stress,
s
~
:6
I-
..
~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
2
h
4
h
5
h
10
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
•t;
w
1 E ASTM A 126-42, Class B. 800 20. 0 14.3 14.3 14.0 12.75 40 Automatic relaxation machine.
:M x 2 x 1 m. 427 137.9 98.6 98.6 96.5 88. 3. 5 inch gage length.
900 20.0 9.75 8. 5 7.4 5. 5 40
As cast. 482 137.9 67.2 58.6 51. 37.9
950 20.0 6. 1 5. 5 5. 0 3.25 40
510 137.9 42. 1 37.9 34.5 22.4
1000 20. 0 5.7 5.0 4.3 1. 7 40
538 137.9 39. 3 34.5 29.6 11. 7
1050 20.0 5.0 4.0 2.2 0.2 40
566 137.9 34.5 27.6 15. 2 1. 4
1100 20. 0 2.7 1. 25 0.5
593 137. 9 18.6 8.6 3.4
2 94 Laboratory heat. Sand-cast ingot. 72 21. 8 20.9 20.7 20.6 15 Automatic relaxation machine.
22 150.4 144.1 142.7 142. Six inch gage length.
600 19. 5 18.8 18.7 18.6 15 Data scaled from average curve
316 134.5 129.6 129. 128.3 for duplicate tests.
800 14.0 13. 1 11. 8 11. 0 15
427 96.5 90.4 82.0 75.8
900 14.0 10.5 8.1 6.6 15
482 96. 5 72.4 55.8 45.5
950 9. 1 6.5 4.4 3.0 15
510 62.7 44.8 30.3 20.7
1000 10.8 5. 6 2.6 0.6 15
538 74.5 38.6 17.9 4.1
1050 6.8 2.5
566 46.9 17.2
1100 6.8 1. 2
593 46.9 8.3
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Gray Cast Iron
!. ... a
.8E af! i ] '<t
._ 'a'!.
ii"' cJi 'a'!. .,·
~:l Chemical composition, % by wt. N N
8. .... (.) ~·;;~ ~·-NE
:l Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
r:
>.-! r:" .,f
se:: :;;Cl>-" ::!:z ·--" z ~~z
0 .. ._
-;;; .!2
Sl 'O
·;;;: 'Tl"'CI
~ ::!: ci ::!: w.c:
l£ ~ ,.;.,
~
0.
::!: a c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ....i ....e w
0
cc
3 94 3.58 0.64 2.24 0.08 0.10 o. 04 0.140 0.092
- -
- ~
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.8E
!. . Residual stress,
s
~
::i
c
.
I:?
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
.a~
8. ... u
=
-g ·-
::i
s.~
N
Initial
ksi
MN/m 2
Final
"
:!
~
.g E~ z strain,
::i
stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment E .g
!I "'"' stress, time,
:§
s la"'
"'
:E Cl .
t;
I-
..
" .... Cl
·~
Uj
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
s
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ;
Uj
4 94 Commercial sand- cast ingot. 950 9.4 6.4 4.9 Automatic relaxation machine.
510 64. 8 44.1 33.8 Six inch gage length.
1000 8.6 5.2 3.3 Data scaled from average curve
538 59.3 35. 9 22.8 for duplicate tests.
1050 8.0 3.1 0
566 55. 15 21. 4 0
1100 4. 5 0.6
593 31. 0 4.1
5 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot. 1000 4.2 2. 5 1. 9 Automatic relaxation machine.
538 29.0 17.2 13.1 Six inch gage length.
1050 3.0 1. 8 0. 5 Data scaled from average curve
566 20.7 12.4 3.4 for duplicate tests.
1100 3.0 1. 3 o. 15
593 20.7 9.0 1. 0
6 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot. 800 14.0 12.2 11. 8 Automatic relaxation machine.
427 96.5 84.2 81. 4 Six inch gage length.
1000 10. 2 5. 6 3.9 Data scaled from average curve
538 70.4 38.6 26.9 for duplicate tests.
1050 8.4 4.6 2.3
566 57.9 31. 7 15. 9
1100 7.4 2. 3! 0.6
593 51. 0 16.2 4.1
I I I I
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Gray Cast Iron
e .. c
.!E
::J
c
.,
l::!
Chemical composition, % by wt . ~!. ... fii"'
(.J
-e
~·
N
'iii~ ~
]
0 ·-
, .E
~
_ >.-~
?/!.
N
c·
-
.i-
?/!.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
i
."· Residual stress,
B
~
8 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot. 900 10. 5 8.2 6.8 Automatic relaxation machine.
482 72.4 56. 5 46.9 Six inch gage length.
Data scaled from average curve
1050 9.0 3.3 0.3 for duplicate tests.
566 62.1 22.8 2.1
1100 8. 5 1. 2 0
593 58.6 8.3 0
Com- 9 25 Diesel-cylinder liner, cast at 572 22.8 20.5 (19. 2 Load reduced manually in steps of
pression 135o•c ( 2462°F) . 300 157 141 132.) 0. 05 kgf/ mm' .
662 11. 4 30.4 28.2 26.5 Specimen axis parallel to axis of
350 78. 4 209 194 182.5 cylinder. Gage section 1. 2 cm dia.
by 3. 5 cm long.
662 23. 6 21. 5 20.5
350 163 148 140 Relaxation of compressive stress.
662 22.8 19.8 17.8
350 157 136 123
662 17.2 16.2 15.4 15.1 13.4
350 118. 5 110 106 104 92
662 14.4 12.8 12.2
350 99 88 84
734 22.8 19.4 17.2
390 157 133 119
734 17.2 15.1 13. 2
390 118. 5 104 91
734 14.2 12.7 11.1
390 98 87 76
752 28.3 23.6 20.8
400 195 163 143
[ Material 9 continued on next page. J
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Gray Cast Iron
....
j
E .,
e·
aE ti
.... _e
f
lIL -*
0
'd"
*!..-
0
~
$
"c ~
SI"
.
l! Tata I
Chemical composition, % by wt .
~phlll<
8_ LL (.J :> ·- E
E .g
B "'"'
c
N
z 0 ·;;;!
.g :;;., .... ::!!
-v
N uj
>·-.
.... z ~ -"Z
::!! 0
- "i
N
E
::!!
c·
0
c
0
.
.,
,;
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"'
::!! 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v c p s i
I-
"'
I-
0
I: w
0
a:
10 117 3.09 1. 09 0.,55 2.31 0.18 0.103 Room 43.0 0 75.7 BHN 207. Elastic modulus at room tern-
296.5 522 perature 20. 8 x 10• psi ( 143. 5 GN/ m' ).
I
3
0
Modulus of rupture = ( 8 L/ird )( breaking load), where L = effective length and d = specimen bElongation, per cent in 3 inches.
diameter. Three-point bending was used on bars 5. 5 inches long x 0. 5 inch diameter.
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!E
e!. .. Residual stress,
!3u
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
3 " ·-N
Initial Final
"
c ~
form and size, history of material. t!
8. ... (.) -s
S.!
z
ksi
MN/m 2
:!
~
"'iii
·;: "SI Heat treatment E 2' "' uEm:= C!J
~..,.g strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
5
"'
:!!!
~
0
i
I- w
..
•t;
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
5
h
50
h
100
h
1000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
w
Com- 9 25 [Continuation from previous page. J 752 24.9 21. 5 19.8
pression 400 171. 5 148 136
752 24.9 21. 3 19.2
400 171. 5 147 132
752 22.8 16.7 14.4
400 157 115 99
752 17. 1 13. 1 11. 7
400 118 90 80
833 30.4 18. 9 14. 1
445 209 131 97
833 17.2 12.8 10. 1
445 118. 5 88 70
833 14.4 10. 3 8.3
445 99 71 57
932 28.3 12. 8 9. 1
500 195 88 63
932 24.8 14.6 8.4
500 170.5 101 58
Com- 10 117 Plain cast iron ( Lanz process ). 617 19. 6 33.6 31. 3 30.1 Automatic machine with about
pression Cylindrical casting 40 in. 0. D. x 325 135 231. 7 216 208 120 psi sensitivity.
36 in. I. D. x 18 in. long. Compression specimen 1 in. long
617 24.64 21. 7 21. 0
325 169.9 150 145 by O. 249 in. diameter.
As cast ( hot mold )
752 19. 1 33.6 26.0 21. 7 Results were scaled from a plot.
400 132 231. 7 179 149
752 24.64 20.0 18. 5
400 169.9 138 127.5
887 18.3 33.6 16.4 12.8
475 126 231. 7 113 88
887 24. 64 14.8 12.0
475 169.9 102 82.5
10 h
11 122 Cast block 6 in. x 4 in. x 30 in. 842 8.96 6.8 4.7 3. 35 19 Manual load reduction ( sliding
long. 450 I I 61. 78 I 47 32. 5 I 23
l
weight). Results scaled from plot. 1
........
\ 1
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Gray Cast Iron
....
...
.8E
.
!.
;:! tii
.... _ zf C/i -
Cl
"'
'#.
'#.
.-
E D.
~-
..
N
Chemical composition, % by wt . N N
:i
c !::?
:i
!. ... u ~ ·- E ~"ii~ >._ E c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ si E -!
!! .g :;;.. -" :::!:
"'"' z - -" z
~
~ -"Z .2
0
. :::!: ic
!!
"'
:::!:
l!
"'
Cl
Total
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Tl
Graphltlc
c p s .,
1;;
I-
c
I-
....0
Ji
d :::!:
0
w
.
,;
a:
12 117 3.30 1. 56 1. 18 0.05 0.02 o. 02 Trace 2.47 0.18 0.069 Room 40. 5 a72.6 BHN 234. Elastic modulus at room tern-
279 500 perature 21. 0 x 106 psi ( 145 GN/ m 2 ).
3
a Modulus of rupture = ( 8 L/ rr d ) ( breaking load), where L = effective length and d = specimen
diameter. Three-point bending was used on bars 5. 5 inches long x O. 5 inch diameter.
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!:!• ,,,.
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, i! ::J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
s
::J
c "';;" form and size, history of material. ~ :; ·- N
8. u.. (,J "8 ! s. ksi "
.:?
iij E .g"'"' e .. z stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, l: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: Sl Heat treatment !! .g .!::? ~CJ strain, ·c:;
!
~ t: t: % ksi 1 5 100 1000 10,000 ksi h "i
"'
~ c ...."' "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
Com- Automatic relaxation machine with
pression 12 117 Plain cast iron ( innoculated). 617 19.C 33.6 31. 4 31. 4 650
Hollow octagonal castings about 325 131 231. 7 216 216 about 120 psi sensitivity.
2 in. thick. Compression specimen 1 in. long
617 24.64 22. 1 22. 1 500
by 0. 249 in. diameter.
325 169.9 152 152
Stress relieved 8 h at 350°C (662°F)
752 18.7 33.6 27.0 24.0 Results were scaled from a plot.
400 129 231. 7 186 165
752 24.64 18. 5 16. 9
400 169.9 127.5 116. 5
887 18.0 33.6 16.8 13.3
475 124 231. 7 116 92
887 24. 64 12.7 10.8
475 169.9 87 74 ()
>
Ul
13 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot. 900 7.7 6. 1 5. 1 Automatic relaxation machine. ~
482 53. 1 42.1 35. 2
~z
Six inch gage length.
1000 7.7 4.7 3.5 Results were scaled from average
538 53. 1 32.4 24. 1 curve for duplicate tests. Ul
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Gray Cast Iron
e ....
!E ., ~
of;.
ii"'
~ -
Cl
..t
'?/<
...
. - 'i
I? (/j '?/<
..f!
N
:I Chemical composition, % by wt . 8.
N
... (.J e·;;! ~·-NE
c l:!
z ·-0 ...,,,_ >.- E c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.g 'Si., ... ::!!
:I 0
~ Si E "'"'
l!I -8 z ~ .><Z
~ 15
..
l!I
::!!
~
Cl
Tata I
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v
iGw-aphltlc
c p s .
t:
I- ~
c c.
....e
::!! d ::!!
0
w
c .,
,;;
er
15 94 3.,21 0.70 1. 74 0.15 1. 05 0. 53 0.111 0,094
18 E 3.30 0.64 1. 53 0.65 1. 76 0.61 2.60 o. 146 0.108 Room a51. 1 aBHN 255.
352
Room b41. 3 bBHN 235.
21!5
a 1. 2-inch diameter cast test bar. b Specimen machined from 24 x 2 x 1 inch casting.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
a~
..
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
$u
., form and size, history of material. -5 ·s_ NE ksi J!!
:I
8. ... u
c
iii
l::?
:I
E .g''"'"
~m Z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·u
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;:: SI Heat treatment l!! .g u ~ C!J
~
:e
l3
0"'
.,
t:
~
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
2
h
s
h
10
h
40
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
15 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot. 1000 13. l 9.8 7. 5 Automatic relaxation machine.
538 90.3 67.6 51. 7 Six inch gage length.
1050 8.6 5.9 3.7 Results were scaled from average
566 59.3 40.7 25.5 curve for duplicate tests.
17 94 Commercial sand-cast ingot 1000 17.0 11. 4 8.8 Automatic relaxation machine.
538 117.3 78.6 60.7 Six inch gage length.
5.3 Results were scaled from average
1050 12.6 7.5
86,9 51. 7 36.6 curve for duplicate tests.
566
1100 11.1 5.4 3.7
593 76.6 37.2 25. 5
1150 8.9 3.1 1. 6
621 61. 4 21. 4 11. 0
4h
18 E ASTM A 278- 51 T, Class 50. 900 20.0 12.2 11. 5 9.9 8.0 52
24 x 2 x 1 in. 482 137.9 84.1 79.3 68.2 55,2
1000 20.0 11. 25 10.2 8. 5 0.6 52
As cast. 538 137. 9 77. 6 70.4 58.6 4.1
1050 20.0 5. 8 4.4 2.25 0.2 40
566 137.9 40.0 30. 3 15. 5 1. 4
1100 20.0 4.3 2.3 0.6 (0.1) 19 ....
593 137.9 29.7 15. 9 4.1 <o. 7) (J1
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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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CAST IRON8 17
32
l .
30
I
I
I
I
572 to 66 2 °F (300 to 350
I
·c)
I .
/,
I I I
Solid symbols signify compression tests
200
28
I l/1
V/I/
26
I Vl
24
'V
• I 'E
11:/ -1 so "-
/j
z
:IE
.;;
"'Cll I
..
-="' 20 -. •
~
c
:I
"'C
·;;;
Cll
/(/// ~/j
~
,,,.
ii
.
•
°' 18
Ill ;· "'
16
14
IT:/ 100
12
I//. 7• II
10
I 9
~
lh
<:>Sh
<>so h
10 h
8
I
8 12 16 20
Initial stress, ksi
24 28 32 36
0
a
100 h
1000 h
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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......
co
i/ ..
28 >'3
I
[7
I ::0
752 to 842°F 887 to 932 °F t'l
C/l
C/l
I
(400 to 450°C) (475 to 500°C) ::0
17 ·- t'l
24 24 t"'
*
7
>
t
•
. - I 50· ~
>'3
0
'ii;
.... 20 ·-. 20
'E z
.,;
.,,
GI
.::.,,
16
I/ . .
..I • *
16
[17 ..
'z:IE
:
~
ti
>
>'3
>
"1
c:::> . 0
14 , I/ .
::0
,,r;:,~ l - 100• ii:>
..
t'l
•
"'tJ
'ii;
GI \ /"
/
k .<:))~
... *
"O
·;;;
•
a
....
~
Cl:
12
v· "'
~v/. V:v"'v••~
t'l
::0
• 12!
/ lOh • Cl
•
1/
~
8
I/ a v.........-6 y >
,.-~1,f/ - 50 t"'
t"'
+40h 0
><
4
A ,_ll
4
1 C/l
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Material numbers corresponding to points below
3 13 4 14 2 15 18 5 3 13 14 8 7 1517 16 18
3 13 4 7 6 15 18 5 4 13 6 15 17 16
14 2 18 18
6
7 6 1
1 18
1 118
1 18
18
e
"zI
..
.•
~
('")
>
...."" ~
. ~
...• 0
z
en
Ih
D 2h
<>- 4h
.:. 5h
' 10 h
0 40 h
~ soh
0 100 h
• 1000 h
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Nodular Cast Iron (Ductile Iron)
N
e· Cl
-
~
~- 0
JiE ., ] '<I"
0"'
E .,
c. "' .,
"' ~~z
0
~ 51 !:! -a -a :a ::!!: ~ ::!!: d ::!!:
·~
l!l 19
.,
t: .,
r::. c. "'
r::. .,
-0
"'
::!!: "'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Mg Cu p s I- I- e
0..
0
w a:
19 124 3. 57 0.29 2.95 0.01 0.16 0.02 o. 1 0.04 0.04 0.006 Room 12.25 8. 25 0
4. 3 Ferrite-free fine pearlitic-sorbitic struc-
84.3 56.9 ture with well-formed spheroidal graphite
inclusions.
BHN 282
20 124 3.57 0.29 2.95 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.006 Room 6.8 5. 1
0
2. 5 30 Ferritic matrix. Carbon in form of well-
47.0 35.0 shaped graphite spheroids.
BHN 169
0
Elongation in 5 D.
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E-
~ Residual stress,
~ ~
E .,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, aca ::J
Initial Final B
::J
c: l::!
form and size, history of material. 3 ·- N
~L1. u "8 iS.~
ksi ~"
<ii ::J
E .,"'"'., E'° z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment ~ "'C "'O t.J~ (!)
l!lca flca
.,
t:
·sca % ksi 0.1 1 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
ca
:::;; Cl I- ijj
MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
19 124 662 P. 2 63.4 58. 5 54.7 7 Manual load reductions.
950 C ( 1742 F ), 10 h, furnace cool 350 rlastic 437 403 377 Specimen diameter 10 mm.
to 850C (1562 F); air cool. 842 P.2 51. 6 34.5 25.2 7
450 plastic 356 238 174
1022 P. 2 25.0 10.4 6.7 7
550 rlastic 172 72 46
1112 P.2 13.3 4.7 2.5 7
600 plastic 92 32. 5 17
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Nodular Cast Iron (Ductile Iron )
PI ... Cl
~
E af! t ] --*-
'¢
....·
*-
:I
c "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. u.. u~ ·- E
.... -- ~·-NEz
~
>._ E
N
c" f Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
sei':
:I
iij
"j S! ..., ..., :;;., .... ::!:z ·-~0 ...... -- ~~z .Q
0
.. ..
::!:
l9
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Mg Cu p
.....
s ~ ~
c
e
Q.
Q.
::!: ci ::!: ic
w
0
-0
"'
a:
21 124 3. 57 0.29 2.95 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.1 o. 04 0.04 0.006 Room 103. 3 68.3 a10 10 Pearlitic-sorbitic structure ( from heat
712 471 treatment in salt bath).
23 109 3.34 0.62 2.83 0.07 0.055 0.10 0.006 77 82.5 Pearlitic
25 568
842 64.7 52.4
450 446 361
aElongation/ 5 D.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
..·
::i
Initial
Residual stress,
2
~
::i
.,u form and size, history of material. f! :; ·- N
] s. ..§. ksi
Final
"
~
c 8. u.. (.)
Oi ~ e ... z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ?:' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;;: ~ Heat treatment ~E -8""''
-8 u S? ·;;
.,.
(!)
~
.. fl..
:!! Cl
~
I-
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
-~
w
21 124 932 17.5 0.408 37.0 19.1 12.0 7 Manual load reductions.
Same as Material Number 20; then 500 122.5 255 131. 5 82.5 Specimen diameter 10 mm.
920C(1688F}, 15min., quench in 932 17.8 0.066 11.4 8.1 6.25 7
salt bath at 400 C ( 7 52 F); hold 90 500 124.5 78.4 56 43.1
min. ; heat to 560 C ( 1040 F ), hold
60 min. ; furnace cool to 300 C ( 572 932 17.5 4.27 3. 35 2.7 7
F ); air cool to room temperature. 500 122.5 29.4 23 18.6
1022 15.1 17.1 7.7 4.25 7
550 106 117. 7 53 29.4
1022 16. 8 15.4 4.7 3. 13 7
550 118 105.9 32.5 21. 6
1022 16.1 7.26 3.6 1. 85 7
550 113 50.0 24.8 12.8
1022 17.65 1. 42 1. 2 1. 07 7
550 124 9. 8 8,2 7. 35
22 109 Sand casting, 80 mm diameter x 842 21. l 35. 6 12.7 7.1 Oding ring method.
450 mm high. 450 145 245 87.2 49.0
842 28.4 11. 1 7.05
Anneal 720 C ( 1328 F ), 2 h.
450 196 76.4 48.5
842 21. 35 8. 5 5. 7
450 147 58.8 39. 2
977 20.3 35. 6 4,95
525 140 245 34.3
977 21. 35 2.8
525 147 19.6
23 109 Sand casting, 80 mm diameter x 842 21. 9 35. 6 14.2 9,9 Oding ring method.
450 mm high. 450 151 245 98 68.5
842 28.4 12. 0 8,4
As cast 450 196 82. 5 58
842 21. 35 10.4 7.25
450 147 71. 5 50
977 21. l 35. 6 9.3 1. 4
525 145 245 64 10
977 21 .:H 7 1 In\
525 147 49 (O}
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Nodular Cast Iron (Ductile Iron)
2i
... 0
.8E .,
::I Chemical composition, % by wt.
a~
8. LL.
of;.
"'
~ N
e·w~ ~·-NE
]
.,; N -
.q
*r:0
*.,·:!! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:;" ., .... z ·- _,. z ~·t:;!
c: (.)
E gi ~
0"'
0 .. -
~ ~ ~ 'C -0 ~ :!i: ~
~~z
:!i: ~
·;:;
21 ~
.,
t: .,c: c.
:!i: "'"'c: .,
,;
"'
:!i: "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Mg Cu p s I- I-
0
ct
0
w a:
24 109 3.00 o. 54 2.48 0.040 0.077 O. OOE 77 69.0 Ferri tic
25 475
842 53. 4 42.1
450 368 290
25 109 2.44 0.41 2.43 0.19 1. 37 0.057 0.40 0.096 o. 004 77 85.4 Pearlitic
25 598
842 71. 0 45. 7
450 490 315
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] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
t!!.
~
..
-=
Residual stress,
s"
E ., form and size, history of material. "'(ii "g IS. E
::I·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
~
"
c: ::! LL (.)
lo-
-~
.!!!
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
w
24 109 Sand casting, 80 mm diameter x 842 21. 6 35. 6 11. 0 7.25 Oding ring method.
450 mm high. 450 149 245 75.5 50
842 28.4 10.0 6. 5
Anneal 720 C ( 1328 F ), 2 h. 450 69,6
196 45
842 21. 35 8. 55 5. 5
450 147 59 38
977 20.9 35. 6 5.7 2. 85
525 144 245 39 19. 5
977 21. 35 4.25 1. 0
525 147 29. 5 6.9
25 109 Sand casting, 80 mm diameter x 842 24.9 35. 6 27.6 24.9 Oding ring method.
450 mm high. 450 171. 5 245 190.5 171. 5
842 28.4 22.2 20.5
As cast. 450 196 153 141. 5
842 21. 35 16.2 14.7
450 147 112 101
977 24.0 35. 6 19.2 6.4
525 166 245 132. 5 44
977 21. 35 12.8 3.1
525 147 88.5 21. 5
26 109 Sand casting, 80 mm diameter x 842 21. 5 35.6 28.2 23. 9 Oding ring method.
450 mm high. 450 148 245 194 165
842 28.4 21. 5 19.5
As cast. 450 196 148 134. 5
842 21. 35 16. 1 14.8
450 147 111 102
977 20.7 35. 6 15. 6 6.8
525 143 245 108 47
977 21. 35 10,7 3.1
525 147 73. 5 21. 5
I I I I I ""
U1
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26 COMPILATION OF SI'RESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
28 I .I
- 200
24 I ./ ~~
I
v~o,Cu added
./
·u;
..lili
~ 20
I 'V
0
~9:/
,o - 150' 'E
"'z:E
..,,.-
-...
QI
ell
I;, ~/ II
.
..•
..
Ci
.,,
:I
..
12 I I
•
/
"
v
--
0
_,.,.,..,.
100 h
- 100 ••
I Vo ,,....
·--
0
/
./ /
/0
/ / L..--
~~
8 ,, .,,.,,,
_8 ..... 1000 h
, --"""' --
I
a - - B- - 50
/
__ ....
-
4
0
I
0 8 16 24
Initial stress, ksi
32 40 48 54
0
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CAST IRONS 27
v
36
I I I
932 to 102 2 °F (500 to 550 °C)
32
28 I - 200
24 I
"iii
.:.t
~
// -1 50
-.
20
"' ...
7
QI • . Mo, Cu
--ci'dded
"'
0
.,,
:;)
16
A -..
...•
I I/ .
"iii
QI
- 100
Cll:
~•
./
12
/.
8
I ., ....., --• /
.,
--- -
'\\ .... --
/
/
•
~o·
o>
o~~-~
I
/
- 50
/
,................--
,, /
-- ooo \\;..- / - o_,oo h
- ,,
,, ,..,
/
. ~::%:'.'. - - 0
-- --7-
0
4
.,
;~/
/
,.,..,.~ a ., .. 1h
- - - 1000 h
--- -- - - - -
•
oe 100 h
0
a
I 0
a• 1000 h
0 8 16 24 32 40 48
Initial stress, ksi
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Carbon Steels
(Including carbon- manganese grades)
Most of the tabulated data have been shown graphically on three sets of plots:
Residual stress versus temperature, for 0.1 to 0.2% total strain. Pages 72 and 73
Residual stress as a function of initial strain ( up to 3% ). Pages 74 and 75
Residual stress versus initial stress, for wire or strip with 0. 6% min. carbon.
( Cold-drawn or quenched+ tempered condition). Page 76.
Some tabulated data for special testing conditions have not been shown graphically:
Relaxation of torsion stress. Material numbers 3, 16, 27, 28, 31, 32, 42
Relaxation of combined tension and torsion. Material number 36
Relaxation of compression stress. Material number 36
Relaxation under cyclic strain. Material number 20
Relaxation of bolt assemblies. Material number 44
Relaxation of bending stress in untempered water-
quenched strip. Material number 57.
29
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Carbon Steels
e· .... '0""
j
E . a~
~-
ii"'
]
~
-*
Cl
q-
*!...
..
N
::l
r::. !:! Chemical composition,% by wt . 8. .... (.) e ·;;~ ~·-NE
0 .. _ >._ E
N
r::.· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c;;
·;:
::l
s E: ~ ...... z ·--"' z
~ 'C 'C
~~z .2
0
::!: ~ ir::.
..
JS
..
'Si
r::.
::!: ~ ::!:
..
i:i
* t: Q.
::!: Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Al p s I- t! e
"-
0
u::; a:
1 50 0.045 0.33 0.074 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.035 Brinell hardness 48 to 55.
3 64 0.12 0.43 0.22 l<O. 01 0.026 0.050 Room 60.9 38.3 35. 7 ~1. 6
420 264
*0.1% Y. S.
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.8E ~· .. Residual stress, ~
w
1 50 Technically-pure iron. 572 9.96 7.25 200
300 68.65 50.0 Tension specimen in automatic
1706 F ( 930 C ), 2 h, Furnace cool. 572 relaxation machine.
12.09 8.25 200
300 83.36 56.9
Weld 2 8 Weld metal, built up to approx. 3/4 68 29.5 o. 075 23 22.9 22.6 22. 1) Tested in nitrogen atmosphere.
metal x 3/4 in. ( 19 x 19 mm) section on 20 203.4 158. 6 158 156 152.5
a piece of mild-steel strip, using 392 0.225 39.8 37.4 34.3)
No. 6 S. W. G. coated wire, British 200 274.5 258 236.5
Standard 639, Class A.
392 0.075 21. 2 20.8 19. 3)
200 146 143. 5 133)
752 0.225 31. 3 28.5 23. 7)
400 216 196.5 163. 5
752 0.075 17.6 16.7 15. 4)
400 121. 5 115 106)
1112 0.225 12.7 9.6 4. 25)
600 87. 5 66.2 29. 5)
1112 o. 075 11. 2 8.7 4. 35)
600 77 60 30)
0
Torsion 3 64 German boiler steel H-1. 932 15.5 '11.1 5.4 Torsion test on solid cylindrical
500 106.9 76.5 37.3 specimen, with 14 mm {O. 55 in.)
"Heat treated". ( As received ). gage diameter.
"=Initial torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
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Carbon Steels
~· 0
.8E !!"
.a
~
.s£
-0,
.... _
~
]
cJi -
'd'
?!'
*-
...
..
N N
""' ~0 . , _ >._!,
Chemical composition, % by wt. u.. u :> ·- E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::J
c ·- E c' ~
~
0
"' "'-" z ·--" z ~~z
Q. "' "'
~ E "' "'Cl
!! "'C
::!;: ~ 'ic 0
..
:!!
::!;:
"'
10
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Sn p s
..
~
....."'
~
....."'
Q.
e
0..
::!;: ci ::!;:
0
iii
-c:i
"'
a:
C·Mn 4 4 0.145 1. 26 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.02 <O. 01 0.09 0.016 0.029 0.043 Room 79.0 54,4
Nb 545. 375,
<0.003
0.155 1. 41 o. 10 0.045 0.08 0.025 <;),01 0.09 0.032 0.029 0.024 Room 89.8 55,6
Nb 619. 383,
<0.00<
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
2!•
i3
..
-= Initial
Residual stress,
s"
::i
., form and size, history of material. ~ ::I·-
] S.!
N
ksi
Final
.!!!
c: ~ 8. u.. u
ii
::i ., .,
.eE "C"'"'
E'" z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, i!"
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment "C ·~~ (!J
-~
~
ca ~ .,
t: ~ % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ca
iii
:E 0 I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
a
Torsion 3 64 [Continuation, for tubular speci- 842 19. 35 8~55 6.85 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm 0. [.
mens from the same steel ] 450 133.4 58.8 47. 1 x 2 mm wall thickness ( O. 55 in.
x O. 08 in.)
932 19. 35 7.8 5.4
500 133.4 53. 9 37.3 Results were scaled from a plot.
932 15. 5 7.55 5.0
500 106.9 52.0 34.3
932 11. 65 6.7 4.55
500 80.41 46.1 31. 4
932 8. 55 5.0 4.0
500 58.84 34.3 27. 5
~022 19. 35 5.85 3.2
550 133.4 40.2 22. 1
~112 19. 35 4. 1 1. 55
600 133.4 28.4 10. 8
~202 19. 35 2.4 0.8
650 133.4 16.7 5.4
4 4 Ducol QT 122A. Basic open hearth. 977 o. 15 23.8) 15.8 11. 5) Values for two heats. Relaxation
Plates 1 and 1. 25 in. ( 25 and 32 525 24.2 10. 3 data are average or the range,
mm) thick. 164 ) 109 79) according to which had been plot-
167 71 ted.
Quenched 900 C ( 1650 F ); ~022 0.15 20.9) 8.8)
Tempered 600 C ( 1110 F ). 12.2
550 21. 5 7.2
151 ) 84 60. 5)
148 50.0
~067 o. 15 19.7)
9.8 5. 8)
575 18.8 5.2
136 ) 67. 5 40.
130 )
36.
~112 o. 15 17. 0) 6.6 3.9)
600 16.1 3.0
117 ) 45. 5 27. )
111 20.5
0
Initial torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
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Carbon Steels
co<t
!E .,
:I
c: ~
:I
Chemical composition, % by wt.
-
'#.
c:"
0
'#.
...
..e! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
iii 51
·;:: ·~ 0
.. c..
~
::!:
:!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Al Sn N p
w
c:
0 .,
i::i
a:
5 123 0.06 0.27 0.25 0.048 0.058 Room 89. 4 81. 6
to to max. max. max. 616. 4 562.6
0. 18 0.63
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I!!•
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a ;
Initial
Residual stress,
B
~
::>
., form and size, history of material. ~
., u. (.)
:; ·- N
°8 a_ E ksi
Final
~"
...·;:c: :;" E:: E'° Z stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Heat treatment u ~ (.!) strain, ·c:;
!
.. .. .,.. .. ..
"C "C
~ J9 ·~ ·~
~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
:::;; 0 I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
5 123 ASTM A192, seamless tube. 500 79.6 66.8
260 548.8 460. 6
As received 750 54. 4 24. 5
399 375. 1 168. 9
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Carbon Steels
e· ~-
... c'<t
!E ., ~ ~ --"'-c "'-..-
~ "'
~
..
N .,; N
:::J Chemical composition, % by wt. !. u.. u I:>·- E ~·-NE Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c:
;;;
·;:
~
:::J
iii .ee:~
"'C '"C :;;
-- :ii: ~
>·-
.,"' ..."' z ·-0 ..."' --
z ~~z
.§ 0
'ic:
I!?
Ci
.. c!!!.
~
:ii: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Al Sn Cu p s I-.,
t;
~
c:
0
d:
c.
:ii: d :ii:
w
0 .,
-0
a:
9 27 0. 13 1. 18 0. 18 0.03 0.07 0.005 0.013 0.006 0.05 0.018 0.032
N
0.00435
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~-
1lE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, .3
~
-= ·v; E Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
.9
., form and size, history of material. ~ -6 ksi ~"
"c;;c: ":; 8. u.. u 0 a._
·;: ~ Heat treatment
., .,
5E 'C"'"'
E'° z strain,
'C t.>~ C!l
stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·o;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
l!l -~ -~
~ ~
.,
~ % ksi 1 10 12 72 10,000 ksi h .!!!
"'
:iE 0"' I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
11 121 Boiler-quality steel. 1022 0. 15 11. 3 5. 6 4.0 Specimens were sampled from
Silicon killed. 550 77.9 38.6 27.6 the 1/4 thickness location.
Plate 3 in. ( 76 mm ) thick. 1067 0. 15 5.9 3.4
575 40.7 23.4
Normalized 1616 to 1688 F ( 880 to
920 c ). 1112 0. 15 4.3 1. 3
600 29.6 9.
1157 0. 15 2.2
625 15.2
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Carbon Steels
...
!E i
a
of;.
~
.... _·--" z '#.llz
"'5i -*
0
o<t
*.,·
.:I
r:.
·;:
~
"'~
:I
SI
~
Chemical composition, % by wt. E
8. LL.
E g':
a,,,,
u
:;;
N
~ ·- E ~ 0 .. _
::!; ~
cJi
., .... z ·- E > ·-!.
::!; d
N
::!;
r:."
0
·~
~
0"'
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
t: r:. c.
e "'0r:. -0
"'
::!; 0"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo. v p s "'
I- "'
I-
0.. w cc"'
12 121 0.135 1. 01 0. 13 0.015 o. 030
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~
e· ... Residual stress,
a.. ~
-g=•-s.
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, :J
E Initial Final
form and size, history of material. ksi
:J
c "':;u 8. u.. (.J
N
~
MN/m 2
.:!!
.g uE'°S! zCJ strain, stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ 51 Heat treatment $E .g
"'"' stress, time, ·;:;
"'
10
::E
.,
:3
Cl
t:
"'
I-
~w % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
'£;
w
12 121 Boiler-quality steel. 977 0.15 9.0 3.41
Aluminum grain refined. 525 62.0 23.4
Plate 2 in. ( 51 mm ) thick. 1022 0. 15 6. 1 2.0
Normalized 1616 to 168~ F ( 880 to 550 42.1 13.8
920 c ).
,...---,
13 121 Boiler-quality steel. 1022 0. 15 8.4to 4.7to 3.1 to Specimens were sampled from
Silicon killed. 550 a 9. 1 5.9 4.0 the 1/4 thickness location.
Plate 3 in. ( 76 mm ) thick. 57. 9) 32. 4) 21. 4)
62.7 40. 7 27.6
Normalized 1616 to 1688 F ( 880 to
920C ). 1112 0. 15 3.2 1. 6
600 22.1 11. 0
1157 0. 15 2. 5
625 17.2 12 h 72 h
14 121 Boiler-quality steel. 932 0. 15 12.4 7.4 4.0 Specimens were sampled from
Aluminum grain refined. 500 85.5 51. 0 27.6 the 1/4 thickness location.
L---...1
Plate 3 in. ( 76 mm ) thick. 977 0. 15 10. 0 4.2
Normalized 1616 to 1688 F ( 880 to 525 68.9 29.0
920 c ).
1022 0. 15 7.7 3. 1
550 53. 1 21. 4
1067 0. 15 5.6 1. 4
575 38.6 9.6
L---...1
15 51 Basic open-hearth steel. 797 0. 1 16.8 15.0 13.4 11. 3 Results were scaled from a plot.
Hot-rolled bars. 425 115. 8 103. 4 92.4 77.9
1742 F ( 950 C ) , 1/2 h, air cooled. 851 0.05 11. 5 10.6 9.4 8.2
455 79.3 73. 1 64.8 56. 5
851 0. 1 15.5 13.9 11. 9 9.9
455 106. 9 95.8 82. 0 68.3
851 0.5 27.6 19.4 16.2 13.2
455 190. 3 133.8 111. 7 91. 0
905 0. 1 15. 3 13.3 11. 0 8.2
485 105.5 91. 7 75.8 56.5
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Carbon Steels
e ..·
~
E
::l
., Chemical composition, % by wt .
a
~ u.. u
~-
.... _~·-NE
"'~ N
~ CJi N
-* ..
0
'd"
'#.
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.,-" z ·--" z >.-!
r:. ~ .b ·- E 0 .. _ r:."
::l Cl."'"' c "'
~~z
~ 5! E -0
.!? "'"'
-0 :a ::!; 1i ::!; ci ::!;
·;::;
"'"'r:. ii
!l ~ ., .,
s I-.,
t; r:. Cl. -d
"'
:!!! 0"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Al Sn p I- 2 0
w a:
"-
C-Mn 16 64 o. 15 0.90 0.25 <0.01 0.029 0.038 Room 70.0 39. 25 32.2 58. 1
482. 5 270.7
Sol.Al
C-Mn 17 4 o. 15 1. 17 0. 15 0.09 o. 17 0.04 0.10 0.069 0.009 0.026 0.023 Room 69. 9 45.25
482. 312.
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.8E ~·
a
.. Residual stress,
B
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, "
3 ·- Initial Final
"
" "'l:?
form and size, history of material. "'t LI.a CJ ~ ~ E
N
ksi ~
c:
~~~ EIO z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "~ stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment !! "C "C u ~ C1 strain, "i:j
J!!
"'
::!:
~
0"'
..
~
"'
I-
·~
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·~
"'
w
a D
Torsion 16 64 German boiler steel 17Mn4. 842 19.91 9.8 7.9 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm
450 137.3 67.7 54. 4 (0.55in.)O.D. x2 mm(0.08in.)
As received ( heat treated ). 932 19.91 9.0 6.7 wall thickness.
500 137.3 61. 8 46. 1
Results were scaled from a plot.
1022 19.91 6.75 4.4
550 137.3 46.6 30. 4
1112 19.91 2.9 2.05
600 137. 3 20.l 14.2
17 4 BS 1501-224. Basic open hearth. 662 0.15 26.8 21. 5 20. 45 Results were scaled from a plot.
High residual elements. Plate 1 in. 350 185 148 141
( 25 mm ) thick. 752 0.15 23. 35 19.3 17.4
400 161 133 120
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F ).
842 0.15 21. 5 16.4 12.4
450 148 113 85. 5
887 0.15 21. 5 14.9 10. 3
475 148 103 71
932 0.15 20.6 12.8 7.6
500 142 88 52. 5
977 0.15 18.9 9.8 4.8
525 130 67. 5 33.
1022 0.15 17.0 7.0 3.3
550 117 48. 5 23.
1067 0.15 16.l 5. 2 2.3
575 111. 36. 16.
1112 0.15 13. 5 3.8 1. 3
600 93. 26. 9.
18 51 Acid open-hearth steel. 932 0.14 21. 4 3.2 2.7 16667 Longitudinal specimens.
Superheater header. 500 147. 5~ 22. 1 18.6
1652 F ( 900C ), air cooled.
0
Initial torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
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Carbon Steels
. c'<!'
.8E
.,
2!.
..
~
.;;'
~
g_ .... (..) .... _~·-NE
Cll
c: Clj -* *~-
.. 0..
., N
:J Chemical composition, % by wt. N
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c: !::? ~ ·- E 0 .. _ >.ii;~ c:'
~
:J
Si er:
!! z ·- "'z
"'"' ::!: ~.:.:z .g
~Q. ::!: ~
~
::!: c
..
~
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Sn p s ;!
I-
'C 'C
'iii
c:
t! e
c..
::!:
w
Cll
c:
0 ia:
19 4 0.155 0. 58 0. 03 0.02 0.08 0.015 <0.01 0.09 0.011 0. 014 0.014 Room 60. 8 31. 6
419. 218.
20 106 0.16 0. 50 0.24 0.018 0.07 Room 62.4 a40.7 37. 57.8
430. 5 280.5
aYield point.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
.;
.a..
..·
-= Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
:::I·- N
form and size, history of material. ksi
:l
c: "':;
(,) Q; LL(.) -g S.! MN/m 2
:?
~ ~ Heat treatment
~~~
s-c
E"'
(,)~CJ
z strain, stress, stress, time, ~
·c:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"'
1ii
::!!:
~
Cl
t:
"'
I-
"'C
·~
.!!l
w
% ksi
MN/m 2 h
1 10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
.
·~
19 4 BS 1501 :151. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 14.8 6. 1 3.2 12 Results were scaled from a plot.
Plate 1. 25 in. ( 32 mm ) thick. 550 102 42. 22.
1067 0. 15 13.5 4.65 2.3 12
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F ). 575 93. 32. 16.
1112 0.15 11. 2 3.25 1.15 12
600 77. 22. 5 8.0
1157 0.15 9.45 2. 5 0.75 12
625 65. 17. 5.
1202 0.15 8. 55 1. 6 0.15 12
650 59. 11. 1.
Mean Cyclic
strain, strain,
20 106 Annealed 900 C ( 1650 F ), 1 h, % % Automatic tester, with low-
after machining. 842 0.40 0 13.45 12.25 11.1 9. 7 amplitude alternating strains
450 92.7 84.3 76.5 66.7 superimposed on constant mean
842 0. 40 0.0034 12.95 11. 5 10. 0 total strain.
450 89.2 79.4 68. 65
Results were scaled from a plot.
842 0.40 b.0081 11. 25 9.45 7.7
450 77. 5 65.2 52.95
842 0.40 P.0095 10.7 8.7 6. 55
450 73. 55 59.8 45.1
Cyclic 842 0.25 0 12.3 11. 25 10.2 8.9
Strain 450 84.8 77.5 70.1 61. 3
842 0. 25 o. 0034 11. 8 10. 55 9. 25
450 81. 4 72.6 63.7
842 0.25 b.0068 10.55 8.8 7.05
450 72.6 60.8 48.5
842 o. 15 0 10.5 9. 6 8.7 7.75
450 72. 1 66.2 59.8 53. 45
842 0.15 b.0034 10. 05 9.05 8.0 6. 8)
450 69.1 62.3 54. 9 47. 1)
842 0. 15 0.0068 9.0 7. 55 6.1
450 61. 8 52.0 42.2
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Carbon Steels
...
.8E
::J
r:. "'
:::! Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
~
~
8. LL.
.s
"'
~
u ~ ·- E ~·-NE
N
~
"',,,_ 0 ,,,_ >.-~
<Ii N
-
Cl
'<I"
?fl.
r:.·
?fl.
.,-
e Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E g' ~ Cl)"' 2 ·- "'2 ~~2
0"'
::J 0
c;;
·;: SI l!l "C "C =a ::!;: ~ ::!;: 0 ·w,
l!l :s :;; r:. Q.
::!;:
r:. ,;
"'
::!;: "'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Sol.Al Sn p s Cl)
I-
Cl)
I-
0
ct w
0
a:"'
C-Mn 21 4 0.155 1. 14 0. 15 0.010 0.06 0. 01( 0.07 0.046 0.009 0.010 0.026 Room 64. 5 40.6
445. 280.
Nb
C-Mn 22 4 0.155 1. 33 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.02 0. 11 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.021 Room 72. 1 47.0
to to to to to to to to to to to to to
0.235 1. 62 0.07 o. 15 0. 18 0.035 0.24 0.027 0.31 0.032 0.041 83. 8 58.0
v 497 324
0.01 to to
578 400
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.8E f! ~
Residual stress, ~
.,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a ..:! Initial Final B
:J
c ~
form and size, history of material. ~ :i ·- N
8. ... (.) "g a_ E ksi "
.!!?
....
-;:
:J
Sl Heat treatment
., .,
E "'"'
.f!"tl "tl
Eco Z
u ~ (!) strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·~ -~
2l fl 1 10 100 1000
"'
:iE "'
Cl
.,
~
~
.!!! % ksi
h
10,000 ksi h .!!!
I- UJ MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2 UJ
21 4 BS 1501-224, low residuals. 977 0. 15 16.5 8. 1 3.9 Results were scaled from a plot.
Basic open hearth. Plate 1. 87 in. 525 114. 56. 27.
(47. 5 mm ) thick. 1022 0.15 15.2 6. 2 2.3
550 105. 43. 16.
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F )
1067 0.15 13. 9 4.8 1. 3
575 96. 33. 9.
1112 0.15 11. 6 3.2 o. 9
600 80. 22. 6.
4h 12 h
22 4 BS 1501-213. Basic open hearth. 977 0.15 20.~ 12. ~ 9.~ 7.1 Composition, tensile properties,
Plate 1 in. ( 25 mm ) thick. 525 21. 13. 10. 7.7 and relaxation data are ranges for
139 ) 84. ~ 65 ) 49 ~ five heats of steel.
Normalized 900 C ( 1650 F ) 148 90 70 53.
Relaxation results were scaled
1022 0.15 18.~ 9.6 6.4 4.~ from a plot.
550 21. 10. ~ 7.2 4.
127 ) 66 44. 5 30.5
148 70.~ 49. 5 34
1067 0.15 16. ~ 6.3 4.3 2.6
18. 7.5 4.9 3.2
114 43. 5 29. 5 18
130 ) 52 34 22
1112 o. 15 14.~ 4.3 2.4 1. 0
15.7 4.9 2.9 1. 6
102 30 16. 5 7.
)
108 34 20 11.
1157 0.15 12.~ 2.6 1. 1 0.3
13. 3.3 1. 7 0.7
86. 18. 7. 5 2.
93. ) 23. 11. 5 5.
1202 0.15 10.7 ( 1. 9 (0. 7
650 74. ( 13.) (5.)
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Carbon Steels
...· ....
.8E
::i
c
.,
~
Chemical composition,% by wt .
f.
a
~
¥
.... _
"'5iN
8. ... u ~ ·- E ~·-NE
]
en
0 , . _ >.-~
N
"""
*c·
-
Cl
co ::i
E g> ~ .,-" z ·--" z *~z 0 "'
·;: 5! ~ "t:1 "t:1
:ii: ~ 'iii 0
~ :ii: d
~
"'
:ii:
~
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn p s .
t:
I-
.,c
I-
c.
e
0..
:ii:
w
"'c0 -c.,
a:
23 4 0.16 1. 19 0. 13 0.055 0. 14 0.03 0.19 0.021 0.031 0.025 Room 72.4 41. 6
499. 287.
a
,...----,
25 8 0.17 0.56 0.028 0.064 0.11 0.026 0.031 68 66.5 22.4 29.1 27
20 458.5 154.4 200.6
392 22.4 27.6
200 154. 4 190. 3
572 17.9 21. 5
300 123. 4 148.2
752 14.6 20.6
400 100.7 142.0
L...-....1
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~-
~ Residual stress, ~
E .,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a
"'a:;
-="'
j ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final B
"
:>
c: :;"
LL.(.) -g ;s.! :!
~ g' g' E'" Z strain, MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
iii stress, time,
·;: Si Heat treatment !? "'C "'C ·~ ~ (!) '(j
·i;;
~ !S
"' .,"'
~
:a % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
:iE 0 "' I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
23 4 BS 1501-221. Basic open hearth. 977 o. 15 21. 0 15.1 12.0 Results were scaled from a plot.
Plate 1. 5 in. ( 38 mm ) thick. 525 145. 104. 82. 5
25 8 Rolled plate, 1-1/4 in. ( 32 mm) 68 28.0 0.075 22.4 22.4 22.4 (22. 0 Automatic test machine. Loading
thick. 20 193.0 154.4t 154.4 154. 152. time about 1 min. for small initial
strains, and up to about 25 min.
68 0.225 29.0 25.5 24.9 24.6
Strain Stress relieved 1 h at 1200 F ( 650 199, 9t 174. 172. 170. for large initial strains.
20
Up ta C ) after rough machining, and 2 h Tests in nitrogen atmosphere.
30/o at 1110 F ( 600 C ) after final 68 3.0 38.1 37,9 37.6
machining. 20 263. 261. 259. Data were scaled from a plot.
212 0, 075 21. 7 21. 7 21. 7 21. 3
100 149, 6 149, 5 149. 147.
0
Stress at 1 minute test time.
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Carbon Steels
a
JiE --"'
:i
c: "'~:i Chemical composition, % by wt. *r::.'
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ 5! ·;:
ig,
~ ~ c:
:E a"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s w
0
26 52 0. 17 o. 72 0. 20 0.022 0.024
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.8E
I!!.
a~
.. Residual stress,
8
~
"'
~
..
t: 'i
(,)
"'
w
~ "'
Cl ~ w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
25 8 [Continuation from previous page] 212 0.225 25.0 24.9 23.6
100 172. 5 171. 5 162. 5
392 25. 2 0.075 20.8 19.8 18.7 ~ 17. 5
200 173.7 143.4 136. 5 129 ~120.5
392 0.225 27.5 19.8 18.2 17.7
200 189.6 136. 5 125. 5 122
392 3.0 50.0 48.8 ~ 47.6
200 344.5 336.5 ~328 )
572 24.8 0.075 18.0 16.9 16.7 ~ 15.9
300 171. 124.1 116. 5 115. 109.5
572 o. 225 22.0 20.9 20.7 19. 7
300 151. 7 144. 142. 5 136.
572 3.0 39.2 37.8 36.4
300 270.5 260. 5 251.
752 24.0 0.075 17.0 14.2 13.8 12.4
400 165.5 117. 2 98. 95. 85.5
752 0.225 21. 0 18. 1 16. 2 14.4
400 144.8 125. 111. 5 99.
752 3.0 32. 3 27.7 23.7
400 222.5 191. 163.
1112 0.075 3.5 2.25 1. 6
600 24. 15. 5 11.
1112 0.225 3. 5 1. 9 0.9
600 24. 13. 6.
1112 3.0 3.8 2.1 1. 2
600 26. 14. 5 8.
26 52 Material number 24, Spheroidized 1067 0.1 9.0 5.15 3.15 0.8 Relaxation data were scaled from
24 h at 1200 F ( 650 C ), air cooled 575 62. 35. 5 21. 6 5.4 a plot of log stress vs. log time.
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Carbon Steels
.8E
..
I!!.
i
.s::.'
'S.
-~ -
0
"' *-
"'0
..::J
c ~
::J
Chemical composition, % by wt . t CJ LL .... _
5i N
:::; ·- E ~ 0 ·-
. ,E
c4
_ >._ E
N
*c0 ~~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.. "'z
::;;; *"'-
..,.,,.z ·; 0"'
CL " ' C>
·;: Si sE "'Cl., "'Cl"'~
·- "'z
::;;; ~
~
::;;;"'
fl
0"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al p
'<;;
s .... . c
i!
CL
e
a..
ci ::;;;
"'c0
w
..
-c
a:
C-Mn 27 64 0. 19 1. 11 0. 39 0.065 0.015 0.023 Room 77.95 51. 9 32.6 65.3
537.4 357. 9
28 64 0.20 0.61 0.29 <0.01 0.026 0.032 Room 70. 7 44.7 32.2 159. 8
487.4 307. 9
Cu Sn
29 4 0.20 0.74 0.04 0.045 0.11 0.02 <O. 01 0.07 0.013 0.027 0.026 Room 66.3 33.7
457. 232.
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.8E e· w Residual stress, ~
28 64 German boiler steel H-IV. 842 22.62 8.8 6.8 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm
450 155. 9 60.8 47.1 (0.55 in.) O.D. x 2 mm(0.08in.)
"Heat treated". wall thickness.
932 22.62 7.4 4.85
500 155. 9 51. 0 33.3
Results were scaled from a plot.
1022 22.62 5.7 2.65
550 155. 9 39. 2 18.1
1112 22.62 3.25 1. 4
600 155. 9 22. 55 9.8
1202 22. 62 2.7 0.5
650 155. 9 18.6 3.4
29 4 BS 1501 :151. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 16.1 6.9 3.8 12 Results were scaled from a plot.
Plate 1. 25 in. ( 32 mm) thick. 550 111. 47.5 26.
1067 0.15 13.95 5. 2 2.9 12
Normalized 1650 F ( 900 C ). 36. 20.
575 96.
1112 0.15 12. 5 3.85 1. 75 12
600 86. 26. 5 12.
1157 0. 15 10. 75 3.0 1. 0 12
625 74. 20. 5 7.
1202 0.15 9.0 2.05 o. 5 12
650 62. 14. 3. 5
0
Initial torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching test temperature.
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Carbon Steels
.. :!..
!!
Cl>
~
::J
51
Chemical composition, % by wt.
8."'" (,)
E
!
f::
"'C "'C
N
~ ·- E
..... z ·-
'a
c
~·-NE >._ E
:::!! ~
""z ~ .><Z
0 .. -
:::!! d
..
:::!!
- 'i
N
*c
0
c
..f
'O
-a..
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
s I-i
Cl.
:::!! Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Sn p {!. e
... 0
ii:i cc
C-Mn 30 4 0.21 1. 60 0.24 0.055 0.08 0.01 <o.oo: 0.11 0.019 0.032 0.027 Room 92.2 69.9
0.185 1. 44 0.41 0.055 0.09 0.04 <O.OOl 0.12 0.016 0.014 0.017 636. 482.
Sol. Total Room 91. 2 69.0
Nb Al Al 629. 476.
0.002 0.014 0.022
0.001 0.057 0.062
31 63 0.22 1. 26 0.48 0.024 0.041 Room 80.8 55.3 23.3 66. ASTM grain size 8 to 10.
557. 381. 5
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!.
i!
..
-= Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
~
~
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
30 4 Ducol QT 131 B. Basic open hearth 977 o. 15 22.3 9.9 4.9 Tests on two different heats.
Plates 1 in. ( 25. 4 mm ) thick. 525 21. 5 Relaxation data are the average
Aluminum grain-size control. 154) 68. 34. for the two heats, scaled from
148 a plot.
Quenched 900 C ( 1650 F );
Tempered 600 C ( 1110 F). 1022 0.15 18. 0 7.0 3.2
550 18.4
124.) 48. 22.
127
1067 o. 15 14.4 4.6 1. 5
575 16. 1
99.) 32. 10.
111.
1112 o. 15 11. 6 2.3 0.65
600 12.0
80.) 16 4.5
83
a b
31 63 German steel St 52. 752 31. 3 15. 9 13.45 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
400 215.7 109.8 92.7 specimens with gage section 10
As rolled. mm ( 0. 4 in. ) diameter x 340 mm
<752 31. 3 16.2 12.95 ( 13. 4 in.) long.
400 215. 7 111. 8 89.2
842 31. 3 14.2 10. 75 Results were scaled from a plot.
450 215. 7 98. 74.0
932 31. 3 10. 5 6. 25
Torsion
500 215.7 72.6 43. 1
1022 31. 3 7.75 3. 15
550 215.7 53. 4 21. 6
1112 31. 3 4.85 1. 2
600 215. 7 33.3 8.3
1202 31. 3 2.85 0.3
650 215.7 19.6 2.0
0
Initial torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching temperature in about 2 h of heating.
c Specimen taken to test temperature in about 0. 7 h.
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Carbon Steels
!t
-*
Cl
~
~-
~ ] '<t
E . Chemical composition, % by wt.
~
~ iii"' N
i!l. u.. () ~·c;; ~ ~·-NE 0 N *.,·
....·;:" "Si
~ ~ Miscellaneoos properties and microstructure
i::. 0 .. _
>.-~ i::."
.g
0"'
E g> g' .,-" z ·--" z
a ~~z
-c -c
~
~
"' Cl"'
:!:
j!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s .
t:
I-
.
~
I-
:!: Q.
e
"-
:!: c::i :!:
"'"'0
i::.
u:;
..
.,;
a:
32 63 0.22 1. 26 0.48 0.024 0.041 Room 73.2 40.4 25.2 57.8 ASTM grain size 3 to 4.
505. 278.5
33 93 0.22 0. 30 0.04 0.04 Room 67 35 36 56 Charpy V-notch impact 8 ft. lb. @ 0 deg.F
max. to max. max. 462 241 ( 10. 8 joules@ -17. 8 deg. C ).
0.60
Cast 35 109 0.32 0.52 0.28 0.019 0.029 77 81. 8 Tensile properties were scaled from a
25 563.9 plot.
842 53.3 33.9
450 367.7 233.4
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ai
~ Residual stress,
B
~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~ .2 Initial Final
"':;" form and size, history of material.
8."'
:::J ·-
-g ~!
N
ksi "
.!!!
"
c: L1. u MN/m 2 ~
"'"' E~ z stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Si Heat treatment E "'"'
$~~ "~ C!l
•t:
strain, stress, ·;:;
•t:
"'
10 "'
10
~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
:!E 0 ~
~
"' "'
jjj
MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
jjj
a b
32 63 Material No. 31, coarse-grain 842 22.9 10.45 9.1 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
annealed 3 h at 1100 C ( 2012 F ). 450 157. 9 72.1 62.8 specimens with gage section 10
mm ( 0. 4 in. ) diameter x 340 mm
932 22.9 9.4 6.7 (13. 4 in.) long.
500 157. 9 64.7 46.1
1022 22.9 8.1 3. 75 Results were scaled from a plot.
Torsion 550 157.9 55.9 26.0
1112 22.9 4.6 2.15
600 157. 9 31. 9 14.7
1202 22.9 2.9 1. 05
650 157. 9 20.1 7.4
34 52 Superheater header, 12 in. ( 305 932 0.14 c19. 5 14.7 11. 5 8. 5 5.8 4. 5 4500 Results were scaled from a plot of
mm) 0. D. x 1 in. ( 25 mm) thick. 500 134. 101. 79.5 59. 40. 31. log stress vs. log time.
35 109 Soviet cast steel 2 5 L. 842 22.62 28.45 13.95 11.1 Oding ring method.
Sand casting 80 mm ( 3.15 in.) 450 155. 9 196.1 96. 1 76.5
diameter x 450 mm ( 17. 7 in.) high
842 21. 34 10.7 8. 5
450 147. 1 73.55 58.8
As cast
977 21. 9 28.45 7.8 6.4
525 151.1 196. 1 52 44.1
977 21. 34 5.0 3.55
525 147 .1 34.3 24.5 tJ1
t.11
alnitial torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
c Residual stress at 1 minute test time.
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Carbon Steels
e .
~
E
::J
.,
~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
aI! .s
Iii"' N
·- E ~·-NE
8. "- u :."',,,_
]
vj
0 ,,,_ >.-!
N -
0
o:t
'#. ..-
'#.
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
Oi
::J
SI E "'"'
J!I ~~
., ... z ·- ... z ~~z .,
r:;;"
.0
0"'
·;:
J!I l9 2 ::?; ~
c.
::?; c::i ::?; "'"'c .,
,;
"'
::?; "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Sn p s ! i! ....e w
0
a:
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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j Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e· ...
.2
0
Residual stress,
s
~
E ~ Initial Final
8. u.. (.) ~.[NE
<.I
form and size, history of material. ksi
:I
c "'!! .. z MN/m 2
.l!!
E "'"' e ?: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
:I
ii strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
·;: 5! Heat treatment S'C "'"'"tJ
u ~ e,,
l!l
"'
::!:
!!!
"'
0
~
.."'
I-
'i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
-~
"'
w
Tension 36 48 Core from an ingot 16 in. ( 406 mm) 842 28.54 19.8 16. 0 15. 7 150 Tension tests on solid specimens,
101 diameter x 34. 5 in. ( 876 mm) long. 450 196.8 136.7 110. 5 108. O. 3 57 in. ( 9. 1 mm) diameter x
2. 5 in. ( 63. 5 mm) gage length.
b842 28.54 18.4 14.8 14.8 167
950C (1742F), 3 h, air cooled; 450 196.8 126.5 102. 102. Manually-controlled tests of about
930 C (1706 F), 15 min., air cooled;
575 C (1067 F), 3 h, furnace cooled. 842 23.27 16. 45 13. 7 13.2 150 150 h duration were not adjusted
450 160. 5 113. 5 94. 91. overnight.
842 21. 37 15. 35 12.8 12.55 150 Most results were scaled from
450 147.3 105.8 88. 86.5 plots.
842 20.52 14.7 12.55 12.2 150
450 141. 5 101. 86.5 84.
b842 20.52 15. 45 12.55 11. 7 300
450 141. 5 106.5 86.5 81.
842 15. 68 11. 7 10.3 10.1 150
450 108.1 80.6 71. 69.5
842 28.54 18.3 15. 95 15. 25 300 Compression tests on solid speci-
Compression 450 196.8 126. 110. 105. mens, O. 357 in. ( 9. 1 mm) dia-
meter x 2. 8 in. ( 71 mm ) overall
842 23.28 16.1 13.65 13. 5 300 length, with central 1 in. (25. 4
450 160. 5 111. 94. 93.
mm) used as a gage length.
842 20. 51 13.8 12. 5 12. 35 300 Equivalent length 2.0 in. (50.8 mm).
450 141. 4 95. 86. 85. Slenderness ratio 22.4 .
842 15. 68 11. 6 10. 6 10. 45 300
450 108.1 80. 73. 72. Results were scaled from a plot.
Cy s To
Sh Thin-wall tube specimens, 0, 56 in.
Tension 842 6.76 16.02 13.45 9.27 8.33
+ 450 46.64 110.4 92.74 63.9 (14. 2 mm) 0. D. x 0. 015 in. (0. 38
Torsion mm) wall thickness, tested under
842 20.16 6.72 10.97 9.23 8.38 7.50 8.33 combined tension and torsion.
450 139. 0 46.33 75.6 63.6 57.8 51. 7 Total shear strain was maintained
842 8.96 11. 20 10.07 8.47 7. 71 7.49 8.33 constant by manual adjustment of
450 61. 78 77.2 69.4 58.4 53.1 51. 6 the shear load; the axial stress wa >
adjusted in proportion to hold the
842 13.44 8.96 9.67 7.84 7.03 6.81 8. 33 octahedral plane fixed.
450 92.67 61. 78 66.67 54. 48.5 46.9
Most of the results were scaled
from a nlot.
~Residual stresses given for tension-torsion tests are the octahedral shear stress. bAutomatic control.
octahedral shear stress =(v'2/3)( T 2+ 3S 2) 12for tension-torsion tests.
1
T =tensile stress; S=shear stress; To=
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Carbon Steels
... c
I!!.
-*
tJ1
.8E ., ~-
a..
CX>
] """
*.,·
8. '; c; :>....·- _
Chemical composition,% by wt . :ii"' N u) N
E ~·-NE > ·-
::J
c: l! 0 .. _ r::! .,I!! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::J
., ... z E
~ ~
a., ~.,
s...,
E "' "ti"' '5l ~
·- ... z
~ ~ *'"-
N..><Z
ci ~
0
·~ 0
t; c: 0.
"'c:0 -c.,
~ c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al p s I!. I!. e
D.. w cc
37 N 0.34 0.55 0. 19 0.06 Room 66.7 39. 0 41. 3 65.5 0. 01 %/ 1000 h creep strength at 850 F
459.9 268. 9 ( 454C) = 3. 5 ksi ( 24. 1 MN/ m2).
Cast 42 63 0. 36 0.66 0. 71 0.041 0.017 Room 90.6 50.2 21 34 ASTM grain size 5 to 8.
625. 346.
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-8E ~- .. Residual stress,
:I
c
.,
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. . ~:a_
a
ti)
-=
LL CJ NE
Initial
ksi
Final .9
~"
MN/m 2
<ii :I
~~~ Z E'° strain, stress, stress, time, ~
·;:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: 5l Heat treatment
·~ ~"
. a.. .,.
~"tl "'C
2l ~ ~
16 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·=..
w
::!!; f- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
37 N 1550 F (843 C ), 1 h, furnace cool; 850 20.0 15. 0 5. 75 3.35 (1. 35) 1380
1280 F {693 C ), 2 h, furnace cool. 454 137. 9 103. 4 39.65 23.1 (9.3 )
Torsion 1022 28.45 8.2 4.0 Results were scaled from a plot.
550 196. 1 56.4 27.5
1112 28. 45 5. 5 2.0
600 196. 1 37.8 13.7
1202 28.45 3.05 0.55
650 196. 1 21.1 3.9
alnitial maximum torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching test temperature in about 2 h.
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Carbon Steels
..·
.!E
::I
r::.
~
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!.
a!! t5i
.... _N
~
g_ .... u lo·- E ~·-NE en
0 . , _ >.-~
N
-*
0
""
r::.·
*;~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"'
0
ftj
5! $E .g"'"'.g ., ... z ·- ... z ~.!.lz .5!
0
j., ~ :ii! ~ :ii! d :ii! ir::.
~ iI- ~
-.:i
:ii! 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ~ .... w
0
"'
a:
44 118 0 0.46 0. 76 0. 31 0. 10 0.04 trac1 0.014 0.017 572 133.7 113. 8
300 921. 8 784.5
662 118. 1 106.7
350 814.0 735. 5
b0.10 0.49 0.01 trac1 0.024 0.090
1.5 Mn 45 H 0.52 1. 51 IO. 22 0.029 0.027 Room 107.9 86.4 26 64 Charpy impact 46 ft. lb. ( 62 joules).
743.9 595.7
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.8E !! ... Residual stress,
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
.8.
l3 .2
~
Initial Final su
..
form and size, history of material. ·- N
ksi
c
:I
~ LL (.) -g ~~ ~
:I
E "'"' e .. z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: Sl Heat treatment S'"O "'"' ·~~
. ..
J!l
::!;
!3
0
.."'
~
1-
"O
:;
iii
(!J
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
-~
iii
44 118 M12 bolts per DIN 931/ DIN 934, 572 74,0 46.2 Test length 105 mm ( 4. 13 in.).
Bolt material per DIN 1 7 006, 300 509.9 318.7 Nut height 0. 8 d.
Designation Cq 4 5. 572 74. 0 50.5
DIN 267, Strength Class BG. Relaxation data were scaled from
300 509.9 348.1
a plot.
Nut: DIN 267, Strength Class 6G. 572 64.7 39.1
300 446.2 269.7
572 64.7 40.5
300 446.2 279.5
572 64.7 44.1
300 446.2 304.0
572 56.2 39. 8
300 387.4 274.6
Bolt 572 o. 232 46.B 35. 0
Tests 300 322.6 241. 2
662 85. 35 21. 5
;
350 588.4 147.
662 '82. 5 25.5
350 568.B 176.5
662 75.4 24.
350 519.8 167.
662 67.6 23.
350 465.8 157.
662 51. 2 18.5
350 353. 0 127.5
662 42.7 18.5
350 294.2 127.5
662 42.7 ·15. 0
350 294.2 103.
45 H 1475F (802C), 1 h, oil quenched; 750 26.2 0.2 45.0 18. 5 11. (5. 45) 2185
1200 F ( 649C ), drawn. 399 180.6 310.3 127. 5 75. 8 (37. 6)
"'......
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Carbon Steels
a'<t
-
~
2!" .s::."
.8E .aE bi ~
"'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. 5i
1._
en
*c *.,·f!
0 . ,E
N N
_ >._
:J
c 8. .... u ~·en~ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
., ... z ·- ... z
sei>2' 0"'
:J
;;
·;:
l!l
Si "O "O
~ ::;: ~ ::;: *"'-
N.><Z
d ::;:
0
·~
~ c. "'c i:i
"'
::;: a c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu p s I-ii ~ ....e w
0
"'
a:
46 H 0. 58 0.86 0.18 Room 104.9 64.0 28.6 58.3
723.3 441. 3
48 91 0.62 0.64 0.26 0.025 0.018 Room 205.4 175.1 185.8 9.6
1416. 1207. 1281.
b
51 112 0.75 0.20 0. 15 0.20 0.25 0.25 Room 235
to to to max. max. max. 1618
0.84 0.40 0. 35
0
Eiongation in 7. 2 diameters. bTypical analysis.
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] 2t Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, .3 .="' Initial .9
E
::J
.,u form and size, history of material. "'a; LL. CJ
:J ·-
-g ~~
N
ksi
Final u
:!
c: :; c. O> O> E<t>
E ., ., Z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ 5! Heat treatment s "C "C t.>~ <!'
strain, stress, . time, ·u
2l l!!
.,"'
~
.i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
"'
:::!! "'
Cl w h h
"'
w
~ MN/m 2 h h h MN/m 2
46 H 1650 F ( 899 C ), oil quenched; 750 27.2 0.2 54. 4 10. 6 6.4
1250 F ( 677 C ), furnace cooled; 399 187. 5 375.1 73.1 44.1
1290 F ( 699 C ), furnace cooled.
48 91 Wire, 7 mm ( 0. 28 in.) diameter. Room 163. 6 159 154 Residual stresses were estimated
1128 1098 1059 from iso-relaxation curves ( 1, 3,
900 C ( 1652 F ), oil quenched; and 5% relaxation) on a log-log plo
Room 156. 5 152 145
Tempered in Pb to about 200 ksi of initial stress versus time.
2 1079 1049 1000
( 1373 MN/ m ) tensile strength.
Room 142.2 141 137
980.7 971 941
49 91 Wire 7 mm ( 0. 28 in. ) diameter. Room 163. 6 159 156. 5 Residual stresses were estimated
1128 1098 1079 from iso- relaxation curves ( 1, 3,
Cold drawn to 7 mm. diameter. and 5% relaxation) on a log-log plot
Room 150.8 147.9 145.8
1040 1020 1005 of initial stress versus time.
50 69 5mm ( O. 2 in. ) diameter wire of Room 26.7 a123 120 118. 5 118. 5 325 Wire was stretched and held to a
type used in Belgium to prestress 184.1 848.1 827 817. 817. fixed length of 82 ft. (25 m).
concrete.
Room 123 115 111. 108 340
Results were scaled from a plot.
848. 793 765. 745
51 112 Soviet U 8 steel. Room 164. 3 160 157 154 5000 Natural-frequency method.
5mm ( O. 2 in. ) reinforcing wire 1132.' 1103 1084 1062 Results were scaled from a plot.
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Carbon Steels
!E
::J
c
n;
Cl>
::!
::J
Chemical composition, % by wt.
i
a~
!. u..
ff
(.J
tm
.... _ ·- e >._
~ ·-
N
E~
~
0
~
.. -..
uj N
E
-
..,.
0
~
c·
0
~
c
:E ~ :E ci :E "ic
:E 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Cu Al
Total Sol. p s ; ~
0..
e 0
-c:i
Cl>
a:
N N I- 0.. iii
0
52 20 0.71 0.71 0.27 0.037 0.042 Room 217.6 162.2 5.2
1500. 1118.
54 30 0.76 0.80 0.22 i<O. 01 i<0.01 i<0.01 0.0053 0.0162 0.014l 0.004 0.008
0
Elongation in 100 mm ( 4 in.).
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!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
a
..·
::i
Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
::i
c: "'~ form and size, history of material . e8. u.. u "8'5 ·-s. ..E
N ksi .:"
MN/m 2 ~
E "'"' uE'"::= z Relaxation-test procedure and comments
::i
stress, stress. time,
~ ~ Heat treatment s~-!l strain, ·u
s.. .. l!! ~
·s C!1
.. % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ..
·s
"' w
::!!: Cl "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
53 112 Soviet steel 70. Room 181. 6 174. 5 171. Natural-frequency method.
7-wire strand, 4.5 mm ( 0. 18 in.) 1252.3 1203. 1177. Results were scaled from a plot.
54 30 Quenched in lead at 540 C ( 1004 F); 68 236. 5 223. Results were scaled from a plot.
Reduced from 9.5 mm ( 0. 37 in. )to 20 1631. 1535.
4.22 mm (0.165 in.) wire, using a 68 210.2 203.
continuous drawing machine. 20 1449- 1398.
stress relieved 30-45 sec. in salt 68 184.0 181.
bath at 325C ( 617 F ). 20 • 269. 1250. I I
I I
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Carbon Steels
... co:t
.8E
CD
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!.
a
~LL
iiij
.... _ N
~·-NE
:~
ti) N
-* *I!!
~
..
..."c: "SI
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
z ·- .... z > ·-
:::! (.J
~ ·- E E r!
~~2
E CD"' CD"'
c. 0 .. - 0
CD-"
·;: :!! ,, ,, :;;; ::!:: ~ -~ 0
.. c.
l!!
::!::
:!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Al N p s
t:
CD
I-
c:
i! e
c.
a..
::!:: :;;! ::!::
"'c:0
jjj
,;
CD
a:
55 30 0.79 0.80 0.22 0.016 0.0047 Room 231. 0 202. 4
1593. 1395.
0
56 30 0.79 0.71 0. 18 0.049 0.0040 Room 240.4 209.1 4.5
1657. 1442.
57 44
l"
to
0. 15 0.15 0.15
to to
0.84 0.30 0. 30
max.
0.20
max.
0. 030 0. 02J
max. max.
0
Elongation in 200 mm ( 8 in.) bNominal composition cElongation in 10 in. ( 254 mm ).
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~-
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
..a;
i3
~
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final e
Cl) form and size, history of material. :::::I·-
°& ~ E
N
ksi "
.!!!
"c: :;" LL. (.J
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
·-s;
iii
58 102 Wire 0.192 in. ( 4. 9 mm ) diameter Room 28.4 0.7 172 166.2 163. 7 161. 0 158 Tested in a 100 ft. ( 30.5 m) length.
195.8 1185.9 1146 1129 1110 1089
Cold drawn to 90% of the tensile
Room 0.6 155 152.5 150. ~ 148.2 146.2 Results were scaled from a plot.
strength.
1068. 7 1051 1037 1022 1008
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Carbon Steels
...
e·
-
0)
0
!E ., .. i5i ] 'o:t
°"
..., .... z ·-~ _,.·- 1:z >._!_ * *...,·
i!
::i Chemical composition, % by wt . ..... u N ul N
c ~ .,_E
~ ·- c· ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
!. CD OI
7ii
·;:
::i
S! ! -8 .g =a
0
:::E ~
.. -
~.;iz
0
:::E ci :::E
0
"ic
.,
21 ~ Total Sol. .,
t; c c. -c.,
c s ~ ....e
p 0
:::E 0 Mn Si Cr Ni Cu Al N N I- w cc
59 30 0.80 0.76 0.19 <0.01 k0.01 <0.01 o. 012' 0.0050 0.0045 0.008 0.016 Room 282.6 263.4 0
6.3
1949 1816
0
Eiongation in 100 mm ( 4 in.). bElongation in 200 mm ( 8 in. ).
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e·
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a
f!
M
:I
3 ·- N
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final su
:I
c: "'~ 8_ LL U "8 s. -.e MN/m 2
:?
~
:I
si Heat treatment E g'
!!
i E~
·~-CJ
z strain, stress, stress, time, ~
·u Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. e..
!!
:E Cl
t;
"'
I-
"'C
..!!!
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
't;
..!!!
w
59 30 Quenched in lead at 540 C ( 1004 F ); 68 236.5 218 Results were scaled from a plot.
Reduced from 9.5 mm(0.37 in.) to 20 1631 1503
4. 22 mm ( 0.165 in.) wire, using a
68 210.2 201
continuous drawing machine.
20 1449 1383
Stress relieved 30-45 sec. in salt
bath at 325C (617 F). 68 184.0 180
20 1269 1243
60 A Wire 0. 192 in. ( 4. 9 mm) diameter. Room 175 165.2 163.4 500
Heated in a muffle at about 1800 F 1206.6 1139. 1127.
( 982 C ); quenched in lead at about Room 0.5 141 136 135. 5
1000 F ( 538 C); cold drawn. 972. 2 938 934
61 A Wire 0.192 in. (4.9 mm) diameter. Room 29.9 0.7 194.8 174 168
Heated in a muffle at about 1800 F 206.2 1343.1 1200 1158
( 982 C ) ; quenched in lead at about
Room 0.6 179.8 167 164. 5 500
1000 F( 538 C ); cold drawn;
1239.7 1151 1134
immersed in lead at about 800 F
( 427 C) for 10 sec.
63 30 68 149.35 144.5
20 1029. '. 996.
I "'"'
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University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
Carbon Steels
_,
~
E
:J
c:
.,
~
:J
Chemical composition, % by wt .
-*
0
'o:t
c:
*.,·l!:' Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0
Oi
Sl
0
·~
"'
·;: 0
l!l ~
"'
::?! 0"' c Mn Cr v p s
"'c:
0
-c.,
Si Ni Mo w a:
66 A 0.89 0.73 0.22 Room 216 4.7 29
1489
0
Nominal composition.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
.3
..
::>
Initial
Residual stress,
2
~
67 44 Soviet steel Ul OA. Room 227.6 214 210. 5 207 46500 Zubov method for strip in bending.
strip 0.32 mm ( 0.013 in.) thick x 1569 1473 1451 1426 Results were scaled from a plot.
6. 75 mm ( 0. 266 in.) wide.
900 C ( 1652 F ), water quenched;
tempered in a lead bath at 340-
3 50 C ( 644- 662 F), with the strip
moved at a rate of 3 m/ min. (9. 8
ft. /min.).
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Carbon Steels 0.1 to 0. 2 % Tota I Strain
1 Hour 150
10or 12 Hours 150
"E
.....
z
100 100 :E
121-----+-----+------+---~0--1-----1------i
. 0
.,·;;;
:I
81-----+-----+------+---8-~~·~1-----+-----,
GI
~
so 0 • 50
8 0
0 0 8
~
6 Annealed
! ~
41-----+------+------+------J.----~--1~:~----1 41-----+-----+------·1----!
*t .
o Normalized
0
~-----t
&>
6 l coo
• Q • T
• Hot Rolled
I g ~ As Cast
o~--..--~---.--~--.---~-..---~-.----• ~o
350 400 450 500 550 600't 350 400 450 500 550
600 800 1000 1200°F 600 800 1000 1200 °F
Temperature Temperature
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Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
4S IS 24 24 34 24 11-13 24 10 8 4S 24 24 IS 34 24 24 46 38 18
24 IS IS 14 3S 13 10 8 9 46 IS IS 24 3S 4S 37
3S 9 9 9 9 3S
8 8 8 20
20
26 37
37
38
20
. I
72 or 100 Hours
I I
1000 Hours
I
10,000 Hours
16 16 16
..
E (")
lOO IOO 100
'- >
::.i
"iii
.... 0 z tP
0
:f 0
z
111'
Ill
GI
.::
Ill
12
v
g
s
12
. E
0
0
12 111'
Ill
GI
.::
Ill
~
t"1
t"1
8
~
0
8
v
s 8
c:I
t"
Ul
~
~
0
so
0
so
.. so "ti
"iii
CD
Cll:
v
0
4 o - o- >- 00 4 4
v
0
0
0
s jl 0
0
0 0
0
0 lt
0
0 s .,_o 0 0 0 0
400 soo 600C 400 sooc 400 soo c
800 1,000 1200 F 800 1,000 F 800 1,000 F
Temperature Temperature Temperature
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Carbon Steels
Material numbers corresponding to points below
2 25 25 2 25 25 25
25 25 25 2 25 25 25
2 25 2 25 25 25
25 25 2 25
25 2 25
25 2 25 25
25 25
25
25
25
25
50
..
0
300
..
40
.
... 0
0
I
Ii
. '
·;;;
.>I. 30
200 :::
.
~
c ~
i .
0
..
:::i
3! 20
i 8
...
: 0 .
8
Cl>
a::
.
8
100
10
0 I I I
0 2 3 0 2 3 0 2 3 0 2 3
Initial strain,%
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Material numbers corresponding to points below
2 2 25 15 15 4747 47 47 2 2 25
2 2 24 24 47 47 47 47 2 2
25 24 25
2 2 15 2 2
25 25
25 24~:20 l~ 25 25
25 25
25
25
J~1526'02;4 25 25
1524 2015
25 1
24 !izo20o '
25 15 '1020
25
~~ ~g 20
3~20
50
0 I
1112 °F ( 600 °C )
300 150 150 150
40 20 20 20 N
B
E
'z ()
.... 0
~
>
;o
Ill 0
I
I 0
.. ~
.
~ 0 0
z
.
.. 30 15 15 15
0,.
I 200 0
o,..
100 100 100
.. ~ u.i
>-3
.
B
.
l']
.. .
:!!
.I ~ o a
..
0
c,. l']
t-<
..
0
Ill "'C u.i
0
:.
Ill:
..
Bo Ill
,••... •
20 10 10 10
.
Ill:
...
0
0
.
B• 100 50 50 50
10 5 5 0 5
.. 0 l h
. 0 • 10 h
842-851°F 932 °F
... .I
0 0
• 100 h
752°F (400 °C) I
0 I 0 0
~
(450-455 ·c >
I o 0
<500 ·c >
I 0 0
. i
I
0
• 1000 h
"10,000 h
0 2 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 3
Initial strain,%
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Carbon Steels C 0.6% min. Cold drawn or Quenched • tempered
/
v v
0
220
1400
200
I/ I/
"'e
'-
z
Ir·
vi :f
-....
~ 180
...GI....
.
!/ .. 0
0
0
0
0
0
.
0 1200
-=
/ I/ .
q,
0 0
. .
. 1000
L_:.
140
.
/~.
Temperature
. . a
•
68Fl20CI
212 F (100 Cl
120
. 0
• 302 F 1150 Cl
392 F (200 Cl
.
0 800 •
10 Hours 0 100 Hours
100 I I
120 140 160 180 200 220 120 140 160 180 200 220
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Carbon- Molybdenum Steels
For the data compiled, relaxation strength increased roughly in direct proportion to molybdenum
content, at least up to a level of the order of 0. 5% Mo. Variation in carbon content, heat-treatment
conditions, or initial stress level appeared to have less influence on relaxation.
Separate data tabulations for the normalized +tempered and the quenched+ tempered conditions
have been arranged in order of increasing molybdenum content.
Curves drawn on these plots are intended merely to identify related data points, and do not neces-
sarily represent average properties.
Results have not been plotted for relaxation of torsion stress ( Matl. No. 4 ), or for one test with
0. 4% strain ( Matl. No. 25 ).
77
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Carbon- Molybdenum Steels Normolized +Tempered
2 H 1562 F ( 850 C ), 8 h, Air cooled; 900 27.9 0.2 37.0 17.4 12.0 (8. 4) 3000
1202 F ( 650 C ), 4 h, Furnace 482 192.4 255.1 120.0 82.7 57. 9)
cooled.
3 10 Experimental heat 932 14. 5 11. 0 9. 15 8.7 1600 Data of V. Z. Tseitlin, Ref. 148
Normalized 1650 F ( 900 C ); 500 100. 76. 63. 60. in [10]. Ring specimens. Data
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ). were scaled from a small plot.
a b c
4 54 German boiler steel 15Mo3 932 26.7 11. 5 9. 1 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
500 184. 79. 63. specimens 10 mm ( 0. 4 in.) dia.
"As received" ( Heat treated ) x 340 mm ( 13. 4 in.) long gage
932 26.7 8. 1 6.4 section.
500 184. 56. 44.
932 26.7 8.0 6.3
500 184. 55. 43.
alnltial maximum torsion stress at room temperature. bTorsion stress on reaching test temperature.
cResidual stress ten hours after reaching test temperature.
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Cl
.8E .,
~
c: :::! Chemical composition, % by wt .
- .. -
.q
'if!.
c:·
'if!.
f Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ 0
~ 51 -~ 0
10"'
::E
.
l!l
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al p s
"'0c:
iii
.,
'ti
a:
1 10 0. 13 0.2
w.I4
2 H 0.44 0.81 0.23 0.25 Room 83. 9 57. 7 26. 49.2 O. 01%/1000 h creep strength 11. 7 ksi
578. 5 397. 8 ( 80. 7 MN/ m2 ).
Charpy impact 13 ft. lb.
3 10 o. 13 0.3
rn
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Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Normalized +Tempered
"'
:::E c"'
~
..
""
·~
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi h
•t;
"'
w
I- MN/m 2
5 4 BS 1501-240. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 19.7 15. 7 12.8 12 Relaxation data were scaled from
1. 0 inch (25 mm) thick plate. 550 136. 108. 88. a plot of residual stress versus
1067 0.15 19.7 13.5 10.0 12 time.
Normalized 1680 F ( 915 C );
Tempered 1160 F ( 625 C ). 575 136. 93. 69.
1112 0.15 18.0 8.7 6.2 12
600 124. 60. 43.
1157 0.15 15.2 5.5 3.8 12
625 105. 38. 26.
6 4 BS 1501-240. Basic open hearth. 1022 0.15 21. 9 18.3 16.0 12 Relaxation data were scaled from
1. 68 in. ( 42. 7 mm) thick plate. 550 151. 126. 110. a plot of residual stress versus
time.
Normalized 1680 F ( 915 C ); 1067 0.15 21. 5 17.1 13.9 12
Tempered 1160 F ( 625 C ). 575 148. 118. 96.
1112 0.15 20.6 13.2 9.9 12
600 142. 91. 68.
1157 0.15 18.4 9.1 4.8 12
625 127. 63. 33.
7 N 1650 F ( 900 C ), 1-2/3 h, A. C. ; 1000 19. 4 20.0 9.25 4.3 (2. 0) 2376
1200 F ( 650 C ), 2 h, Air cooled. 538 133.8 137.9 63.8 29.6 13. 8)
850 21. 6 25.0 16. 8 14.0 (11. 5) 1320
454 148.9 172.4 116. 96. 5 (79. )
Same specimen as above, reloaded 850 21. 6 35. 0 23.0 18.4 (15. 5) 1465
454 148.9 241. 3 159. 127. (107 )
8 10 Experimental heat. 932 21. 75 15. 2 12.2 11. 2 1600 Data of V. Z. Tseitlln, Ref. 148
Normalized 1650 F ( 900 C ); 500 150. 105. 84. 77. in [10). Ring specimens. Data
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ). were scaled from a small plot.
9 H 1742 F ( 950 C ), 4 h, Air cooled; 900 25. 4 0.2 45.0 38. 32. (23.) 2740
1112 F ( 600 C ), 2 h, Air cooled; 482 174. 310.3 262. 221. (159)
1022 F ( 550 C ), 2 h, Furnace cooled.
10 H 1650 F ( 900 C ), 2 h, Air cooled; 1000 20. 8 0.2 34.0 19. 7.3 2247
1110 F ( 600 C ), 2 h, Air cooled. 538 143. 234.2 131. 50.
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!!. ~ 0
~ i! -=· ] v
*-.,·
E "'c:
"'~ LL ~ ·- E ~ ·- E en *-
..
<I> N
:J
c: "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. (J
~~-
N
s ...."' ...."' e
0.. w
0
"'
a:
5 4 0. 12 0.58 0.24 o. 11 0.09 0.41 o. 01 0.09 0. 010 O. 012 O. 022 Room 65. O 38.3
448. 264.
Nb
0. 001
7 N 0. 16 0. 63 0. 24 0.53 Room 67. 5 40. 0 50. 0 40. 75. Rockwell hardness B76. 4.
465. 276. 345. Stress for min. creep rate of 0. 00001 %/h:
1000F(538C): 4.5ksi (31 MN/ ml)
850 F( 454C ): 14. 7ksi(101 MN/ ml).
8 10 0. 13 0.64
D.14
9 H 0.48 1. 23 0.26 0,04 0.65 Room 127.1 81. 1 22 57 Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. ( 24. 4 joules ).
876.3 559. Stress for min. creep rate of 0. 00001 %/h
at 900 F(482 C ): 29ksi ( 200 MN/m 1 ).
-
0.67 Room 124.9 85.4 21 53
861. 2 588. Stress for min. creep rate of 0. 00001 %/h CXl
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Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Normalized
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c'<I'
et -s·
-
~
~ i! ] ?f!.
E
:J
c:
~
"'~
:J
Si
Chemical composition, % by wt. ~ u.. u
a. "' "'
E "C
~ "' "C
"'
"'a;
=·-
~ ~ -
N
z ·--"
"'"" ::!:
~ ~
E ~0 ·-~ E
z ~~z -
cJi
> ·-
::!: ~ ::!:
N
E
?f!.
c:
.!2
ic: 0
ri
.,
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.,
l!l 5., ~
~
c: a. .,;
::!: c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu p s "'
I-
"'
I-
0
a': w
0
a:"'
11 52
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Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Quenched •Tempered
!!!•
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ;!
~
::l Residual stress,
B
., form and size, history of material. "'GiLL.u '"5 ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
.!!!"
::l
~ S. E
c :;" E
a. ., "' E ..
"' ., z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment ~ "C "C u
strain,
~"
stress, stress, time, ·;:;
!!!
"'
!!!
.,
t; 'iu::; % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
-~
u::;"'
::!< "'
Cl I- MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
13 H 1473 F ( 800 C ), Oil quenched; 750 25.4 0.2 45.0 36. 27.5 18. 5) 2185
1202 F ( 650 C ), 2 h, Furnace 399 175. 1 310. 3 248. 190. 128)
cooled.
850 23.4 0.2 40.0 18.5 12.0 ( 7. 7) 2066
454 161. 3 275.8 128. 83. (53. )
14 H 1607 F (875 C ), 4 h, Water quenched~ 850 23. 0 0.2 42.0 25.5 19. (14.1) 3105
977 F (525 C), 4 h, Air cooled. 454 158.6 289.6 176. 131. (97. )
15 H 1562 F(850C), 4h, Oil quenched; 850 23. 2 0.2 45.0 25. 19. (14. 2) 2014
1022F(550C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 160. 0 310. 3 172. 131. (98. )
16 H 1562 F(850C), 8h, Water quenched· 900 31. 9 0.2 37.0 18.5 13. ( 8.6) 3000
1202 F(650C), 2h, Furnace cooled. 482 219.9 255. 1 128. 90. (59. )
1000 21. 7 0.2 27.0 7.0 3.7 (1. 68) 3000
538 149.6 186.2 48.3 25.5 (11. 6)
17 H 1562 F (850 C), 4 h, Oil quenched; 850 24.6 0.2 46.0 27. 21. (15. 5) 3105
1022 F ( 550 C), 4 h, Air cooled. 454 169.6 317.2 186. 145. (107 )
18 H 1653 F(900C), 8h, Oil quenched; 850 24.6 0.2 46.0 32. 24. (18. 7) 3046
1022F(550C), 6h, Air cooled. 454 169.6 317.2 221. 165.5 (129.)
19 H 1562 F (850 C), 4 h, Water quenched; 750 25.0 0.2 45.0 39, 33. (24. 5) 2185
1202 F(650C), 6 h, Air cooled. 399 172. 4 310. 3 269. 227.5 (169. )1
20 H 1562F(850C), 4h, Water quenched; 850 24.2 0.2 43.0 27. 21. 5 (17. 0) 3104
1022 F (550C), 4 h, Air cooled. 454 166.8 296.5 186. 148. (117.)
21 H 1562 F(850C), 4h, Oil quenched; 850 26.4 0.2 47.0 30. 23. 5 (18. 0) 2014
1112 F (600 C), 4 h, Air cooled. 454 182.0 324.0 207. 162. (124.)
22 H 1562F(850C), 4h, 011 quenched; 850 24. 1 0.2 45.0 34. 30. (25. 5) 2014
977 F (525C), 4 h, Air cooled. 454 186.2 310. 3 234. 207. (176.)
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Cl
..,,.
e! fi.
-
~
.8E i3 "'
]
*...
"c: "'~
~ "
~
Chemical composition,% by wt. E ~
~ ~
E ~ g' .,-"
! 'C 'C 'iii
-
N
(.) ,:: ·- E ~·-NE >._!
8. u..
z ·--"
0 ~-
:ii: ~
z ~..:z
vi
ci
N
*,;;
0
·;:;
~
"'
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"'"'c:0
:ii: :ii:
l!l !!! ~ c: c. -ci
"'
:ii: "'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ~
I-
"'
I- e
0.. w cc"'
13 H 0.64 0.79 0.28 0.20 Room 128.9 88.9 21 54 Charpy impact 34;40 ft. lb. ( 40;54 joules).
888.7 612.9
Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
Room 119. 2 95.9 22 53 750 F (399 C): 24.0 ksi (165. 5 MN/m2)
821. 9 661. 2 850 F(454 C): 11. Oksi (75. 8 MN/m2 ).
14 H 0.24 0.86 0.26 o. 15 0.10 0.25 o. 017 0.029 Room 109. 9 91. 4 25 69 Charpy impact 57 ft. lb. (77 joules).
757.7 630.2 stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850F(454C): 18.6ksi(128.2 MN/m2),
15 H 0.44 0. 81 0.23 0.25 0.021 o. 039 Room 128.9 89.0 17 58 Charpy impact 26 ft. lb. (35 joules).
888.7 613.6 Stress for O. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F(454 C): 17. 8 ksi (123 MN/m2 ).
16 H 0.44 0.81 0.23 0.25 0.021 0. 039 Room 105.7 71. 9 25 66 Charpy impact 43 ft. lb. (58 joules).
728.8 495.7 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
900 F (482 C): 12.2ksi (84. 1 MN/m2)
1000 F(538C): 3. 0 ksi (20. 7 MN/m2 ).
17 H 0.40 o. 90 0.27 0.28 Room 135.0 100.4 21 60 Charpy impact 41 ft. lb. ( 56 joules ).
930. 8 692.2 stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850F(454C): 20.0ksi(l38 MN/m2).
18 H 0.47 1. 55 0.25 o. 32 0.019 0.033 Room 130. 9 83.2 19 55 Charpy impact 26 ft. lb. (35 joules).
902.5 573.6 stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850F(454C):23.5ksi (162 MN/m 2 ).
19 H 0.47 1. 55 0.25 0. 32 0.019 0.033 Room 120.4 100. 4 22 64 Charpy impact 47 ft. lb. ( 64 joules).
830.1 692.2 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
750 F (399 C): 31 ksi ( 214 MN/ m2 ).
20 H 0.36 0. 58 0.24 0.34 Room 122.7 87.7 17 55 Charpy impact 33 ft. lb. ( 45 joules).
846. 605. stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F (454 C): 21 ksi ( 145 MN/m2 ).
21 H 0.58 0.43 o. 30 0. 36 Room 144.4 96.7 18 50 Charpy impact 22 ft. lb. ( 30 joules ).
995.6 666.7 stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
850 F( 454 C): 22 ksi ( 152 MN/m2 ).
22 H 0.34 0. 51 0.25 0.42 Room 110. 2 75.4 16 43 Charpy impact 34 ft. lb. ( 46 joules ).
759.8 519.9 stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F (454 C): 29. 6 ksi ( 204 MN/m 2 ).
\ I \ \ I \ \ l
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Carbon - Molybdenum Steels Quenched +Tempered
.8E
2?- .. Residual stress,
B
::i . Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
::i
"'tu.u °8=·-a_ E
ii
N
Initial
ksi
Final u
~
EZ': eu~.. z
c: ~
::i MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment ~ "C "C (!)
strain, stress, stress. time, ·u
2!
"'
::!!
!!!
"'
0 .
';;;
I-
'£;
"'
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
t;
"'
iii
23 H 1562 F (850 C), 4 h, Oil quenched; 850 23.6 o. 2 45.0 37. 32. (27. 2' 2014
1112 F(600C), 4h, Air cooled. 454 162.7 310.3 255. 221. (187.)
24 H 1607 F (875 C), 4 h, Water quenched; 850 29. 1 0.2 50.0 37. 32. (26. 0) 2682
977 F (525 C), 4 h, Air cooled. 454 200.6 344.7 255. 214. (179.)
25 7 2 in. x 1 in. ( 50 mm x 25 mm ) 1112 0.4 29.6 16.6 6 Specimen gage section 0.19 in.
rectangular bar. 600 204. 114. (4. 8 mm) diameter x 3. 0 in. (76. 2
mm) long.
1610 to 1650 F (875 to 900C), Oil 1112 0.2 20.6 13.0 6
quenched ; 600 142. 89.6 Results for 1 h have been scaled
1065 to 1155 F (575 to 625C), 1112 0. 1 10.8 9.0 6 from a plot.
1 to 2 h. 600 74. 61. 8
26 H 1654 F (900 C), 2 h, Oil quenched; 850 30.2 0.2 50.0 40. 32.5 (26. 2' 2682
1202 F (6 50 C), 2 h, Air cooled. 454 208.2 344.7 276. 224. (181.)
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...
-
Cl
.8E ., ~- .r::
aE b. ] '<I"
"-.,·
:J Chemical composition, % by wt . &i N
l!l. u. u ~ ·- E ~·-NE ~ ·- E
vi N "-r::;" Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
r::; !::! ~
"'"'-
0"'
:J
E 2' f ., -" 2 ·;; "' -z
~~z
0
~
0 ~ ·;:;
51 ~ 'C 'C
! ~ ...., 'ar::;
.,
:i! :sc. :i! 0 :i! "'"'
"'
:i! "'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s "' ..... e
r::;
0 ai
a:
..... 0.. Ui
23 H 0. 53 0.41 0.24 o. 51 Room 135.9 86.4 19 50 Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. ( 27 joules).
937. 0 595.7 stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F (454 C ):31. 4 ksi ( 216. 5 MN/m2)
24 H 0.24 0.66 0.32 0. 53 Room 145. 4 105. 7 18 55 Charpy impact 40 ft. lb. (54 joules).
1002. 728.8 stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F(454C):31.0ksi(214 MN/m2).
26 H 0.43 0.31 0.27 2.16 0.013 0.102 Room 121. 9 96.9 21 54 Charpy impact 19 ft. lb. (26 joules).
840. 5 668. stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F ( 454 C ): 30.8 ksi ( 212 MN/m2 ).
co
-.J
a 0. 1% proof stress.
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C- Mo steels
O. 2 to O. 36 % Molybdenum [Solid points: Quenched+ Tempered ; Open points: Normalized+ Tempered]
/ / I
100
• -
<'
·;;; * r:P
• '?
·-
~ ~
1 """'- I
E
..,.n 30 30 30
- 200 .......
.
- / /
I
z
v
Cll I
.., * •/ • # ~
e I
..,.n
-.
• I • * I'"
c I I* Cll
,,·;;; I
- ..,
l1/
:::> 10,000 I I
I * I * I
20 20 20
G>
Cll:
• e
*I' *•
I
I •
I• I
100h~ ,,·;;;c
:::>
I • 900F
I• I
I
• 482( - 100 Cll
*
I 1f I
1.000h~
Cll:
v
1,~-
10 10
}
•
10
0/ ... b.
«' ,1
fil'l~ 100 h
•
.
10,000h -
932F 1,000F
750 F 850 F 538(
500C
399( 454 c *
1,000h
•
10,000h
0 0 0 0
30 40 50 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50
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C- Mo steel
o. 42% min. Molybdenum
I , ;,
()
I/ I I/ ~
I/
tp
40
.,,, .I 0
z
!/
0
I
100 h
"\',
,c:P • ~t"'
, •(" 1000 h ><:
·;;;
~
~
tp
"' .._E
~
30 "
,c:Po ... - 200 ~z
t::I
t"l
.,.~
a:s:
/ / I
900 F
"'...Cll
-"'
....•--- .... 482C .n
"'...QI ~
-
10,000 h
D t"l
,,·;;;
D
Q+T
::> 10,000 h - "' t"l
t"'
20 D
ell
,,·;;;
/,
0
Cll ::>
100 h
~ 0
100 h
0
1,000F - 100 Cl>
t.1000 h 932 F
al0,000 h
I "'soo c
1000 h
Q'll'
,a S38C °'
10 :1 (c /0
N+T
,..,,1'>(, I
ab/ "' -
N+T
,o00 "
850 F o' "
"'I N+T
454C
10,000 h i 0
0
20 30 40 50 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40
Initial stress, ksi cc
<O
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C ·Mo Steels 10. 2 % strain I
15-14 20 8 0
24
z
0
'tj
en
- 300 ..,i
::a
t'1
en
40
,o 0
, ~
-- - - O~-
/~,//
/
/
,o
enI
::0
t'1
t"
, /
>
0
/
, 2.16 % Mo
/
,I ~
0 /
•• ·~ /
, ,•
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.E 0
.... 30 o-. /
z
..
.;; I
I /
,
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N+T • 1,000h
"'10,000h
0
I 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 o.a
Mo, o/o Mo, /o 0
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C·Mo Steels I0.15% strain I
I
•0.2% strain
I
20
,,.,
'
' "'
16
-¢-
I '
'\ "'
1---\
I 0
\ '' \
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I
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'
\
\
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::i \ I *0.1% strain \ \ \
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Code Matl, Mo,% H.T.
0 5 0.41 N tT
4 '-¢-, ' b
0.53 N+T
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6
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lh 12 h 25 0.58 Q+y
*
0
I I I .I 0
500 550 600 650( 500 550 600 650(
1,000 1.100 1,200F 1,000 1,100 1,200F
Temperature Temperature
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Chromium -Molybdenum Steels
Data for all conditions of heat treatment have been tabulated together, arranged in order of increasing
molybdenum content.
All tests with reported strains between 0.14 and 0. 21% are shown on pages 130 and 131, as residual
stress versus test temperature for selected durations of relaxation. Only a moderate difference in relax-
ation behavior is seen between the quenched + tempered and normalized + tempered specimens. Where the
test materials covered a range of molybdenum content ( i.e. , for 800 to 900 F on page 131 ), specimens
containing O. 5 to 1. 15% Mo displayed appreciably higher average residual stress than did specimens with
0.12 to O. 3% Mo. A plot on page 132 of the 1000-hour residual stress versus initial stress for the 850 F
( 454 C ) test temperature confirms the larger effect of molybdenum content than of heat treatment for the
data compiled.
The remaining figures are limited to steels with 0. 45% minimum molybdenum content. For ranges of
test temperature of 842-850 F and 896-905 F ( 450-454 C and 480-485 C ), most tests involved the quenched
+ tempered condition, shown on page 133 by solid symbols. The few available results for the normalized +
tempered condition have been included ( open symbols ), but were not considered when curves were drawn
to show the approximate trends for the drop in residual stress for each 10-fold increase in relaxation time
from 1 to 10, 000 h.
For test-temperature ranges of 925-950 F and 1000-1022 F ( 496-510 C and 538-550 C ), relaxation-
test results for the quenched + tempered and the normalized + tempered conditions are shown separately
on facing pages 134 and 135.
Limited results for 2-1/ 4 Cr - 1 Mo steel ( p. 136) display the typical pattern of higher residual stress
for higher initial strain, and at lower test temperatures.
Results for these singular test conditions or materials have not been shown graphically:
Material numbers
Bolt tests (including bolts of 1 Cr steel: Material No. 1) 1, 21
Torsion or torsion plus tension 26, 30, 46, 60
Tests below 800 F ( 427 C ) 1, 3, 13-17, 21, 51, 56, 57
Specimens re-loaded after a prior relaxation 4, 11, 13, 39, 59, 66.
Specimens cold worked 8 to 39% 32-34
Tests in environment of moist hydrogen sulfide 17
Tests of materials after service use 48, 49
Silicon or niobium modifications 29, 40
Specimens with heat treatment not stated 56, 60
93
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
... c
]
E
::I
c:
.,
:;"
Chemical composition, % by wt .
I!!.
.a
Q. . . . .
~
N
·- E
~
.... _ca5 ·;; -ez >._
~LL(..) ,::.ii N
u) N
E
-
'<!'
?fl.
r:
?fl.
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~- .,,·
~ Residual stress, ~
~
.. ..
21 f!
Cl
~
~
I-
·~
..
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
-~
w
1 19 Ml2 bolts, per DIN 931 and 934. 482 88.2 78.5 Bolt tests. Nut height 0. 8 d.
250 608. 541. Test length 105 mm ( 4. 13 in.).
Bolt steel: Designation 34 Cr 4, per 482 62.6 54.
Bolt DIN 17006. Strength level lOK, per 250 431. 5 373. Results have been scaled from
Tests DIN 267. a plot.
482 37.0 34.
Nut steel: Designation Cq 45, per 250 255. 0 235.
DIN 17006. Strength level 8 G, per 572 84.6 68.
DIN 267. 300 583. 5 471.
572 60.4 50.
300 416.8 343.
572 36. 3 30.
300 250. 1 206.
662 88.2 48.
350 608. 333.
662 88.2 40.5
350 608. 279.5
662 88.2 38. 5
350 608. 265.
662 82.5 45.
350 568. 8 1312.
662 82.5 39. 5
350 568.8 274.
662 70. 4 40.
350 485. 4 275.
662 0.296 58.7 34.
350 405.0 234.
662 46.9 26.
350 323. 6 181.
752 98.1 16.6
400 676.7 114. 7
752 88.2 16.5
400 608. 0 113. 8
( Continued on next page. )
I I
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
... c
j
E
::i
c
.,
l:! Chemical composition, % by wt.
Pl
a~
8. ... (J
~-
N
]
.... _·- "'z <4> ·-... -
"'
lii
~ ·- E ~·-NE
0 .. _
N
-"'
~
c'
~
cU
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::i
i' g> E
iii ~
E ~ -"Z .2 "'
·;: ~ 'C ~ :a"'"' z ~
:1i :1i ci :1i ic 0
l!l
~ .,
t: .,
c c. .,
'ti
"' c v s ....e
0
:1i c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo p I- I-
w CI:
1 19
2 E 0.38 0.87 0.27 0,99 0.11 0.018 0.020 Room 132.3 50. 102. 16 49 stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
912.2 345. 703. 800 F ( 427 C ): 21. 0 ksi (145 MN/m 2 ).
3 F 0.40 0.83 0.23 1. 09 0.12 Room 138. 5 90. 125. 20 61 Vickers hardness 323.
954.9 620.5 862.
Room 151. 5 137. 19 60 Vickers hardness 320.
1045. 945.
Cu
4 F 0.41 0.85 0.29 1. 10 0.07 0.12 0,05 Room 130. 5 107.5 111. 23 62 Vickers hardness 285.
899.8 741. 765.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
a
..·
-= Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
s
E
::J
"'~ form and size, history of material. "'Q:; u. u -6 ·~NE ksi "
~
~'°
c:
~
::J
~ g' g' z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ?: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
2l
~ Heat treatment ! "'C "'O ·~~ ~ :~
!! ~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
::;;; 0"' "'"'
I-
.!!!
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
i:U
1 19 ( Continuation from last page. ) 752 69.0 14. 5
400 475.6 100. 0
752 0.250 47.8 13.2
400 329. 5 91. 2
752 19.9 4.1
400 137. 3 28.4
842 64.0 7.1
450 441. 3 49.0
842 39.1 5. 5
450 269.7 38.2
2 E 1600 F ( 871 C ), oil quenched; 800 25. 0 0.43 60.0 40. 32.
1100 F ( 593 C ), air cooled. 427 172. 4 413.7 276. 221.
900 22.6 0.4 60.0 24. 16.
482 155. 8 413.7 165. 110.
1000 0. 23 40.0 20. 5 15.
538 275. 8 141. 103.
1000 0.28 40.C 14.75 10. 5
538 275. 8 101. 7 72.4
1000 o. 23 40.0 13.5 9.5
538 275.8 93. 1 65.5
3 F 1 inch ( 25 mm ) diameter, hot 750 24. 0.12 30.0 26.4 24.0 (20. 0 1680 5. 9
rolled. 399 165. 5 206.8 182. 165.5 (138.)
Oil quenched + tempered.
4 F 1 inch ( 25 mm) dia. , hot rolled. 850 23. o. 13 30. 0 20.5 15. (7. 4) 2400 5.5
1550 F ( 843 C ), oil quenched; 454 158.6 206.8 141. 103.4 (51.)
Tempered 1050 F ( 566 C ).
Same specimen, reloaded. 850 23. 0.2 46.0 30.2 20.2 (9. 0) 4680 5.3
454 158.6 317.2 208. 139. 3 (62.)
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
<O
!!.
-*
Cl
~
~- co
~ a~ ] ~
E
....
"'iii
_ tn *ef
..
N
::I
r::. "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. LL.
N
CJ .b ·- E ~·-NE
>._
0 .. _ E r::.' Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
a;
·;:
::I
~ !
ei': 'i:I,,
·--" z
m-" Z
'Si ::!: ~
~~z .."'
0
·;:;
0
l!l
'"
::!:
..
fl
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s
~
~
16
r::.
"'
~
Q.
0
.,':
::!: c:i ::!:
w
r::.
0 icc
5 E 0.41 0.85 0. 32 0.88 o. 16 0.015 0.010
6 H 0.42 0.78 0.23 0.89 o. 18 Room 116. 9 82.9 22 62 Charp impact 49 ft. lb. ( 66. 5 joules).
806.0 572. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
800 F( 427 C ): 26. 7 ksi ( 185. 5 MN/m 2 ).
850 F( 454 C ): 19. 9 ksi ( 137. 2 MN/m• ).
7 H 0.42 0.78 0.23 o. 89 o. 18 Room 107.4 71. 9 24 55 Charpy impact 3 5 ft. lb. ( 47. 5 joules).
740.5 496. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850F(454C): 25.3ksi(174.4 MN/mt).
20.8 143.4
24.3 167. 5
900 F ( 482C):15. 5ksi ( 106. 9 MN/m 2 ).
8 0 0.40 0.70 0.21 o. 97 o. 15 0.19 0.016 0.022 Room 131. 0 105. 22 54 Brinell hardness 269.
903. 724. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
900 F( 482 C ): 9. 5 ksi (65. 5 MN/m 2 ).
9 w 0.35 0.68 0.21 1. 00 o. 19 0.018 o. 030 Room 138. 3 128.5 26 62 Brinell hardness 255/321.
953. 5 886.
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~· •• Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Z ..:! Initial Final
form and size, history of material. <0 i-N ~
! u. u o S.!_1------1 MN/m2
Heat treatment ~ ii ~ 'S? ~ strain, stress, 1---~--~-~-----i stress, time,
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
5 ... ·~ 0/ ks· 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
Cl I-~ W,,!g to
MN/m 2
I
h h h h h MN/m 2
5 E 1550F(843C), oil quenched; 800 25. 3 0. 43 60. 0 40.0 32.0
1100 F ( 593 C ) , air cooled. 427 174.4 413.7 27tl. 220. 5
900 0. 43 60. 0 24. 0 ltl. 0
482 413.7 ltl5. 5 110. 3
1000 o. 27 40. 0 11.8 7.tl
538 275. 8 81. 4 52. 4
1000 0.23 40. 0 10.25 tl.5
538 275. 8 70.7 44.8
6 H 1652 F ( 900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 800 27.2 0.2 45. 0 34. 0 28. 0 (22. 0) 2185
1157 F ( 625C ), 4 h, air cooled. 427 187. 5 310. 3 234. 193. (152.)
850 26. 2 0. 2 4tl. 0 28. 0 21. 0 (15. 8) 3045
454 180. 6 317.2 193. 144.8(109.)
7 H 3-3/4 in. ( 95 mm) diameter. 850 24. g 0. 2 4tl. 0 33. 0 2tl. 0 (21. 5) 304tl
454 171.1 317.2 227.5 179. (148.)
1742 F ( 950 C ), 6 h, air cooled; 850 26. 2 o. 2 21. 2 (15. 8) 304()
1112F(600C), 4h, air cooled. 454 180. tl 14tl. (109.)
850 24. 6 o. 2 25. 9 (20. 0) 304()
454 ltl9. tl 178. tl (138.)
900 23.5 0.2 34.0 24.0 17.0 3983
482 ltl2. c 234.4 ltl5.5117.2
8 0 1550 F ( 843 C), oil quenched; 900 25. 3 o. 1tl 37. ()9 9.39 4.0
1100 F ( 593 C ) , tempered. 482 174.4 259.9 tl4. 7 27. tl
9 W 1. 25 in. (32 mm ) diameter. 850 29. tl 18.5 12.3 ( 9.1 9.3 84() Initial strain corresponded to a
454 204. l 127.6 84.8 (62.7 tl4. 1 45 ksi ( 310. 3 MN/ m2) stress at
room temperature.
10 P 1. 25 in. ( 32 mm) diameter. 850 33.0 12.6 ( 8.3 850
454 227.5 86. 9 (57. 2
As received.
850 22.0 10. 45 6. 6 1000
454 151. 7 72. 0 45. 5
c:o
c:o
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
......
p£
=·en -*
Cl
~
] 0
~
'Ot
., a *.;!!:!
0
E
::J
r::. ::! Chemical composition,% by wt. tu. CJ .... _
; N
::; ·- E ~·-NE
en
0 . , _ >.v;!
.,_,. z ·--"
N
r::.'
.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.."'
::J
E
CL .,
"' ., z ~~z 0
~
"'
~ !~~
·;;
0
~
.. .
!
:!;;
~
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s .,.
~
:;;
.,
r::.
I-
:!;;
CL
2
:!;; ~ :!;;
r::.
0 .,
,;
a:
I- II. w
11 F 110. 38 o. 75 0.20 0.80 0.15 0.04 0.04
- - -- -- - -
o. 48 1. 00 0. 35 1. 10 o. 25 max. max. Class "C" mechanical properties.
13 u• 0.37 -
0.65 0.2 0.75
- >-- - - 0.15
,__ Room 140.
0.44 1. 10 0. 35 1. 20 0.25 965.
14 u
0
Nominal composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
\!!• ...
.01
Residual stress,
B
~
.3 Initial Final
::J
"'~ form and size, history of material. ~ :J ·-
"'u. u "g IS. E
N
ksi "
:!
~
c:
::J
5l Heat treatment
c. "' "' E"'
~~~
z
u ~ (!) strain,
stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
. .
~
~
!!
Cl
~
~
"'
I-
.
·-=
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
~
iii
11 F ASTM A 193, Grade B 7. 1 in. (25 850 22.C 30. 0 13.2 (10. 0) 1920
mm) diameter. 454 151.1 206.8 91. 0 (68. 9)
1550 F ( 843 C ), oil quenched;
1100 F ( 593 C ), tempered.
12 24 Soviet steel 30KhMA. Bar. 932 43.8 32.7 22.2 17. 1 35 Data have been scaled from a plot.
Tempered 1 hat 1112 F ( 600 C ). 500 302.0 225.6 153. 117. 7
932 36. f 29.2 19.9 15. 1 50
500 254. ( 201.0 137. 104. 0
932 36.8 28.5 20.3 16.4 30
500 254. 0 196. 140. 112. 8
932 28.45 23.8 16.8 19.6 50
500 196. 1 163.8 115. 7 135. 3
932 36.8 26.7 18.8 13. 9 50
500 254. 0 184. 129.5 96. 1 '
932 28.45 23.3 16. 5 19. 1 50
500 196. 1 160. 8 113. 8 131. 4
932 20. 05 17.9 13.2 9. 25 45
500 138. 3 123.6 91. 2 63.7
932 20.05 17.1 12.0 10.0 50
500 138. 3 117. 7 82.4 68.6
13 u AISI 4140. 5/8-in. (16 mm) bolt. Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 193 ksi 248 123. 106 C\01 b98 c95 from decrease in bolt length during
(1331MN/m2 ). 120 848. 731 696 676 655 periodic detorquing and reloading.
14 u AISI 4140. 5/8-in. ( 16 mm) bolt. Room 117. 115. 112. 111. 107. 104. 4380 Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 158 ksi 807. 793. 772. 765. 738. 717. from decrease in bolt length during
( 1089 MN/m2 ). periodic detorquing and reloading.
.....
0
.....
a 24 h. C720 h.
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
....
e·
-*'
Cl
~
.8E
. .,
i! tc ] '<t
*'.,·
0
""
:l
c: ~
:l
Chemical composition, % by wt. t LL CJ ....
OI
_~ ·- E en ...
N
~ ·- E 0
.,-" z ·--" z >.-!
.. _ c· ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0"'
Ec. .,
"' .,
"' .Q
~ ii! ! .,, .,, :;;; :::!: ~
~~z
:::!: ic
l!l
"'
:;
~
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s .,
t:
I-
c
i! e
"-
c.
:::!:
c:)
0
w
.
-c
a:
15 u
16 u
0
Nominal composition.
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-8E
::J
c "'!::!
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
~-
a~
!_LL U
~
::J
:; ·- N
"8 s. !
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
final £
~
-
"
::J E'" z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
<ii stress, stress, time,
·;:: ~ Heat treatment 5E "C
"'"'
"'"' u ~ e,:, strain,
"C ·;::;
·;:;
l!l J!! ·~
~
:Q % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
::!! "'
Cl
~
"'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
15 u AISI 4140. 5/8-in. ( 16 mm) bolt. 248 107. 99 95 94 90 88 4380 Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 110 ksi 120 738. 683 655 648 621 607 from decrease in bolt length durin€
( 758 MN/m2 ). periodic de-torquing and reloading.
16 u AISI 4140. 5/8-in. ( 16 mm) bolt. Room 106. 106 105 103 102 99 4380 Residual stress was determined
Preloaded momentarily to 108 ksi 731. 731 724 710 703 683 from decrease in bolt length during
( 745 MN/m 2 ). periodic de-torquing and reloading
17 u AISI 4140. studs 6 in. ( 150 mm) Room 96. 87. 8760 Tested in H2S. H20 environment.
long. 661. 9 600. Final stress was determined from
95. 94. 5 8760 decrease in length on unloading.
Room
Moist 655.0 652.
Results have been scaled from a
H2 5 Room 94. 96. 8760 plot.
648. 1 662.
Room 93. 90. 8760
641. 2 620.5
Room 91. 97. 8760
627.4 669.
Room 90. 91. 8760
620.5 627.
Room 82. 80. 8760
565. 4 552.
Room 80. 80. 8760
551. 6 552.
Room 77. 78. 8760
530. 9 538.
Room 38. 36. 8760
262.0 248.
100 90. 81. 5 8760
38 620.5 562.
100 83. 71. 8760
38 572. 490.
100 81. 71. 8760
38 558.5 490.
( Continued on next page ).
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
...
.8E
"c: "~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
~
..8. ... ....
a
5i _
(.J
~
N
]
en
E ~·-NE >·- E
ti ·-
- ....· N
0
v
'if-
c:·
'if-
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ :e ~ :e ..
Egg
~ s" ~~z
0 .. - 0
z ·-
""" :e ""z ·;::;
~ "C "'Cl 0
a.. a.. ..... ~
.,; en
~
c. c:
:e 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s "
I- i:t
0
cc" 0
jjj
17 u
18 w 0. 38 0.73 0. 35 0.90 0.21 0.015 0. 013 Room 133. 114. 20 60 Brinell hardness 277/302.
917. 786.
20 F 0.43 0.74 0.49 0.89 0.23 Room 113. 5 84. 0 23 59 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
782.6 579. 930 F( 499 C ) : 17. 0 ksi (117. MN/m• ).
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
l!t
.3
..
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
Q) .!!!
w
(.!)
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
-~
"'
w
17 u ( Continuation from last page. ) 100 79. 71. 8760
38 545. 490.
100 77. 71. 8760
38 531. 490.
100 71. 61. 5 8760
38 489.5 424.
100 62. 60. 8760
38 427.5 414.
100 54. 49. 8760
38 372. 338.
18 w 1. 25 in. (32 mm) diameter 850 31. 6 22.0 17.3 11. 8 9.3 3623 Initial strain corresponded to a
454 217.9 152. 119. 3 81. 4 64. 1 45ksi (310.3 MN/m') stress at
room temperature.
19 F 1.5in. (38 mm) diameter.
Austempered at 1100 F (593 C ). 850 30.0 21. 3 ( 18. 7 1350
454 206.8 146.9 (129.)
20 F 2-1/8 in. (54 mm) diameter. 930 21. 4 30. 0 18.0 (11. 6) 2650
Normalized 1550 F(843 C); 499 147.5 206.8 124. (80. )
Tempered 1100 F ( 593 C ).
....
0
C11
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
..· c .....
-8E .,
::J
c: I:!
::J
Chemical composition,% by wt.
i
a "'
iii
~-
]
tu..(..) 1: ·;; ~ ~·-NE
N ct.i
0 . , _ >._ E
-=!"
*0c N
- *ca"
~
ca
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0
O>
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material,
~-
a
~
~
::J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s"
-g s. ~ ksi
:; ·- N
~
::J
c: "'~ 8_ LL U
MN/m 2 ~
::J E"' z stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Sl Heat treatment !E "'O"'"'
"'O u~
"'"' (!)
strain, stress, time, ·;:;
.. .
2l
:ii:
~
Cl
~
~
"'
I-
·~
.!!!
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
.!!!
w
21 119 M12 bolts, per DIN 931. 572 86.05 67.5 Bolts tested with an automatic
300 593.3 466. relaxation machine.
Steel designation 42 Cr Mo 4, per
DIN 17006. Strength class 12 K, 572 71. 4 58. 5 Nut height = 0. 8 d. Test length
per DIN 267. 300 492.3 402. 105 mm ( 4. 13 in.).
662 96. 0 43. 5
Bolt 350 661. 9 300. Data have been scaled from plots.
Nuts: Steel Cq35, per DIN 17006.
Tests 662 96.0 45.5
Strength class BG, per DIN 267.
350 661. 9 314.
662 83.9 50. 5
350 578. 6 348.
662 82. 5 51.
350 568. 8 353.
662 69.7 42.
350 480. 5 289.
662 68.3 42.
350 470. 7 289.
662 0.296 58.7 39. 5
350 405.0 273.
662 54.3 32. 5
350 374. 6 226.
662 27.5 18.5
350 189.3 127. 5
752 83. 9 28. 5
400 578.6 198.
752 82.5 29.
400 568.8 199.
752 71. 8 21.
400 495. 2 145.
752 59. 5 14.6
400 409,9 101.
752 47.6 14. 2 ......
400 328. 5 98. 1 0
-3
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
~ ~ ~-
...
]
0
-
..i-
*~
-
0
<X>
-
E i3 "'
iii N
."'
:J
c:
-~
"'
::!
:J
~
Chemical composition,% by wt. i!
i!l.u.u l::i ·- E ~ ·- E
E ~ g' .,-"~ ~
.$ "'C "'C :;;;
0
::!: ~
~ -
<Ii N
z ·--" z ~·;;;~
~.:.cz
::!: :;l ::!:
*
0
r£
·~
.,
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
... .,
l3 t: c: c.
e "'c:0 .,;
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s "'
I- "'
I-
0.. w "'
a:
21 119
22 H 0.26 0.97 0.21 0.69 0.25 Room 103.4 74.9 21 67 Charpy impact 54 ft. lb. ( 73 joules).
712. 9 516.4 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F ( 454 C ): 30 ksi ( 207 MN/m2 ).
23 p o. 37 0.63 0.14 0.98 0.26 0.015 0.02 Room 133.0 55.0 21 59 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
917.0 379.2 850 F ( 454 C ): 20. 7 ksi ( 143 MN/m• ).
17.2 119
930F(499C): 7. 5 ksi ( 51. 7 MN/m• ).
24 H 0.25 0.33 0.56 0.31 o. 30 0.025 o. 011 Room 131. 0 103.4 19 58 Charpy impact: 41 ft. lb. (55. 6 joules).
903. 2 712. 9 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
850 F(454C ): 15 ksi (103 MN/m• ).
27 F 0.42 0.60 0.12 0.95 0.45 Room 129.2 102.5 21 58 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
890.8 706.7 930 F(499C ): 17. 0 ksi ( 117 MN/m• ).
28 F 0.42 0.60 0.12 0.95 0.45 Room 113. 9 83. 3 87.5 23 61 Vickers hardness 245.
785. 3 574. 603. 3
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
~
.
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final e
u
form and size, history of material. ca :J ·- N
ksi
tu.u -g s.~ ~
:I
c "':;u MN/m 2 Z':' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
c. "' "' E'b z stress,
~ 51 Heat treatment E"'
!S "' u ... (!l strain,
"C "C
stress, time, ·;:;
l!lca !!!
ca t:: "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
ca
:;;: 0 "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
21 119 ( Continuation from last page.) 842 70. 1 10.7
450 483. 5 73.5
842 50. 5 9.25
450 348. 1 63.7
22 H 1652 F ( 900 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 850 25. "I 0.2 45.C 37. 31. 5 ( 27.) 2510
1157F(625C), 2h, air cooled. 454 177. ~ 310. 3 255. 217. (186.)
24 H 1607 F ( 875 C ), 4 h, water_ quenched 850 24.C 0.2 44. (] 22.0 16.0 (11. 9) 2682
977 F( 525 C ), 4 h, air cooled. 454 165.5 303. 4 152. 110. (82.)
25 116 Cast steel. 932 0.52 31. 6 24.2 19. 9 18.8 20 Automatic relaxation machine.
500 217.7 167. 137. 129. Data have been scaled from plots.
a b
26 63 German boiler steel 13 Cr Mo44. Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
932 32.3 15. (] 13.3 specimens with gage section 10 mrr
1706F(930C), 1/2h, air cooled; 500 222.6 103.5 91. 7 ( 0. 4 in.) diameter x 340 mm (13. 4
>rslon 1310F(710C), 1/2 h, air cooled. 1112 32. 3 12.2 7.4 in.) long.
600 222.6 83.8 51. 0
Average results for duplicate tests
1247 32.3 6. 5 3.1 have been scaled from a plot.
675 222.6 45.1 21.1
27 F 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia. Hot rolled. 930 21. 4 30. 0 18.1 (11. 6) 2650
1550 F ( 843 C ), air cooled; 499 147.5 206.8 124.8 (80.0)
1100 F ( 593 C ), tempered.
28 F 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia., Hot rolled. 930 21. 4 0.14 29.6 26.6 24.0 ( 21. 0 2520 5.1
1550 F ( 843 C), air cooled; 499 147.5 204.1 183.4 165. 5 (144. 8
1200 F ( 649 C ), tempered.
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
......
i
-.
Cl
~
.r:.'
.8E ~ b. 0
~
f!
....
~
_ N cJi N
*.g *.,·I!!
""':;
Chemical composition, % by wt.
::i
·- E ~·-NE Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
e:i ., ... z ·--"' z >... ~
r:. ~"-CJ ~ r:.'
0"'
0 .. - ;:,g..:.::z
~ 5! s ~Q. ~ ~
~
"'
~
!3
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Al p s ~
.
~
"'
"'C "'C
~
r:.
i!
::?:
e
~ "'"'r:.
0
w
-c:i
cc"'
""
SI- Cu 29 F 0.47 o. 35 1. 94 0.62 0,45 1. 29 Room 140. 5 105. 20 43 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
Mod. 968.7 724. 930F(499C): 13.0ksi (89.6 MN/m ).
30 64 0.15 0.63 0.25 0.88 0.48 0.04 0.016 0. 013 Room 71. 8 51. 3 31. 1 62.8
495.2 354.
31 97 0. 38 0.45 0.70 1. 57 0.48 0.008 0.015 Room 152. 133.6 20 62 Stress at 900 F ( 482 C ) for rupture:
1048. 921. 1 lOOh: 80. 5 ksi ( 555 MN/m' ).
lOOOh: 70. 5 486
32 97 0. 38 0.45 0.70 1.57 0.48 0.008 0.015 Room 149. 127. 19 60 Stress at 900 F ( 482 C) for rupture:
1027. 876. lOOh: 79 ksi (545 MN/m' ).
lOOOh: 70. 5 486
33 97 0. 38 0.45 0.70 1. 57 0.48 0. 008 0,015 Room 154. 5 135. 19 58 Stress for rupture at 900 F ( 482 C):
1065. 931. lOOh: 80ksi (552 MN/m2).
1000h:71 490
34 97 0. 38 0.45 0.70 1. 57 0.48 o. 008 0.015 Room 166. 153. 18 54 Stress for rupture at 900 F ( 482 C):
1145. 1055. 100 h: 84. 5 ksi (583 MN/m 2 ).
lOOOh: 71. 5 493
35 H 0.43 0.85 0.23 0.99 0. 50 0.015 0.025 Room 128.9 89.9 23 66 Charpy impact 42;45 ft. lb. (57;61 joules).
888.7 620. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
800 F (427 C): 35. 3 ksi ( 243 MN/m 2 ).
Room 126.8 88.4 24 65 850 F( 454C ):33. 5 231
874.3 609.5 34.0 234.5
900 F ( 482 C ) : 20. 8 143.5
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.8E ~- .. Residual stress,
.8.
~
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000 ksi h ..
't;
iii
I- h MN/m 2
29 F 1-3/8in. (35 mm) diameter. 930 19. ~ 30.0 15. 6 ( 8. 4) 3840
1600F(871C), air cooled; 499 134. <I 206.8 107.6 (57. 9)
1200 F ( 649 C), tempered.
a b
30 64 Ger man boiler steel 13 Cr Mo 44. 842 26.0 12. 4 10. 5 Torsion tests on tubes 14 mm
450 179.5 85. 3 72.1 (O. 55 in.) 0. D. x 2 mm (O. 08 in.)
As received ( heat treated ). 932 26.0 11. 1 9. 1 wall thickness.
500 179. 5 76.5 62.8
alnitial maximum torsion stress at 1022 Results have been scaled from a
Torsion 26.0 9.7 6.6 plot.
room temperature. 550 179.5 66.7 45.6
bMaximum torsion stress on reach- 1112 26.0 7.7 4.0
ing test temperature. 600 179.5 53. 0 27.5
1202 26.0 5. 5 1. 55
650 179. 5 38. 2 10. 8
31 97 Hot-rolled bar, 5/8 in. (16 mm) dia. 900 80.0 58.4 53.0 500 Automatic relaxation machine.
1800 F ( 982 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 482 551. 6 402.7 365. 4 Results have been scaled from a
1200F(649C), 2 h. plot.
32 97 Material 31 + cold reduced 8% of 900 80.0 52.4 46.0 500 Automatic relaxation machine.
cross- sectional area. 482 551. 6 361. 3 317. 2 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
33 97 Material 31 + cold reduced 15% of 900 80.0 50.9 44.1 500 Automatic relaxation machine.
cross-sectional area. 482 551. 6 350. 9 304.1 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
34 97 Material 31 + cold reduced 39% of 900 80.0 49.1 41. 6 500 Automatic relaxation machine.
cross- sectional area. 482 551. 6 338.5 286.8 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
35 H 1652 F(900C ), 8h, oil quenched; 800 28.4 0.2 45.0 43.0 37.0 (31. 3) 2185
1202F(650C), 4h, air cooled. 427 195. 8 310. 3 296.5 255. (216.)
850 27.0 0.2 50.0 41. 5 35. 5 (30. 5) 2377
454 186.2 344. 8 286. 245. (210.)
850 28.7 o. 2 45.0 41. 5 35. 5 (31. 0) 2378
454 197.9 310. 3 286. 245. 214.) ......
......
......
900 23. 8 0. 21 44. 0 29.0 21.0(15.7) 3425
482 164.1 303.4 200. 145. (108.)
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
~- ... c'd"
]
E ., ~
~
tiii ~ en -
?f!. ..l!!·
?f!.
Chemical composition, % by wt.
..
N N
t; 'iii! ~0 ·-.. E
::J
~ LL CJ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c:
::J
c. "' "' .,-" z ·--" z -
>.-! c::"
0
Oi
·;: Si E ,,
~ "' "tJ"' :;;; ::!!: ~
~~z -~ 0
.. c..
l!!
::!!:
~
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu p s .,
t;
I-
c:
~ e
c.
::!!: ci ::!!:
"'c:0
iii
.,
-0
cc
0..
36 H 0.43 o. 85 0.23 0.99 0.50 0.015 0.025 Room 124.4 84. '; 17 57 Charpy impact 28 ft. lb. (38 joules).
857. 7 584. Stress for O. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
900 F ( 482 C): 31 ksi (214 MN/m 2 ).
37 H 0.43 0. 85 0. 23 0.99 0. 50 0.015 0.025 Room 103. 4 52.4 22 45 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
712. 9 361. 900 F ( 482 C): 10. 2 ksi ( 70. 3 MN/m 2 ).
Sn
38 4 ~.15 0.52 0. 18 0.88 0.10 o. 52 1 0. 01 0.12 0.015 0.021 0.028 Room 69.2 43. 1
~.125 o. 53 0.18 0.80 0.10 0. 53 0.01 0.08 0.010 0.026 0.026 477. 297.
Nb Room 62.9 41. 0
0. 001 434. 283.
0.001
'
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
I!!.
~
..·
-= Initial
Residual stress,
~
~
37 H 1742F(950C), 2h, furnace cooled; 900 23.9 0.2 32.0 15.0 10. 5 (7. 45) 2279
1157F(625C), 4h, air cooled. 482 164.8 220.6 103. 72.4 (51. 4)
38 4 BS 1501-620. Basic open hearth. 1022 o. 15 23.8 19.7 14. 5 12 Results have been scaled from a
Plates 2.8 in. (71 mm) and 4. 75 in. 550 164./ 136/ 100. plot containing values for two heatE.
( 121 mm) thick. 21. 5 18. 3 Average or range is given, accord
148. 126. ing to which was plotted.
1715F(935C), air cooled;
1202 F ( 650 C ), tempered. 1067 0.15 22.3 17.0 11. 9 12
575 154'/ 117.; 82.
20.6 16.0
142. 110.
1112 0.15 20.6 13.3 9. 0 12
600 142. 92. 62.
1157 0.15 18.9 10.5 7.0 12
625 130, I 72. ~ 48./
18. 9 9.6 5.2
130. 66. 36.
1202 0.15 17.0 7.0 3. 8 12
650 117 'l 48.; 26/
15. 2 5. 9 2.6
105. 40.5 18.
39 N 1-3/8 in. (35 mm) dia., rolled. 850 25.0 19.6 (19. 3 273
454 172.4 135. (133.
1725F(940C), lh, air cooled;
950 23.3 25.0 15.4 14.7 2450
1200F(650C), 2h, furnace cooled.
510 160.6 172.4 106. 101. )
1000 21. 0 25.0 (11. o' k 9. 8) 523
538 144.8 172.4 (75. 8 (67. 6)
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
.8E e·
ii
..
]
a
~
._
....
....
>I>-
. i!
*
. *c 0
I! u.. N cli N ;~
c
:I
::! Chemical composition, % by wt . (.J
t; ·;;; ~ ~·-NE >._ E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
o;
·;::
:I
Sl j!. .g"' .g"' .. .¥ z ·-0 .¥.. ._
:E ~
._
z ~ .xz .Q
41 0 0.35 0.47 0.75 1. 20 0.57 0.001 o. 016 Room 128.2 100. 24 65 Grain size 7 to 8.
883. 9 689. Brinell hardness 269.
Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
Room 126.8 97.5 25 64
900F(482C): 13.0ksi (89.6 MN/m 2 ).
874.3 672.
42 0 0.45 0. 57 0.70 1. 26 o. 57 0. 018 0. 018 Room 139. 5 100. 22 54 Brinell hardness 285.
961. 8 689. Stress for O. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
Room 134.0 100. 22 55 900 F( 482C ): 13. 5 ksi ( 93 MN/m• ).
923. 9 689.
I 43 H 0.25 0.41 0.26 0.59 0.58 0.003 Room 103.8 71. 6 22 61 Charpy impact str. : 29 ft. lb. ( 39. 3 joules)
Mod. 715. 7 494. Stress for O. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
850 F( 454C ): 30 ksi (207 MN/m 2 ).
44 103 0.42 0. 58 0.25 1. 29 0. 58 0.028 0.030 Room 145. 6 Typical tensile strength 135 to 157 ksi
&
- - 1004. ( 930 to 1080 MN/m 2 ) in sizes up to 4 in.
0. 30 1. 35 0.59 0.030 0.035
125 ( 100 mm) diameter.
(M)
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jj Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
f.
2
.. Residual stress,
s
~
"'
iii
---
- -
41 0 1650 F ( 900 C ), oil quenched; 900 23. 8 0. 173 42.27 20.6 15. 0
1250 F ( 675 C ), tempered. 482 164.1 291. 4 142. 103.
42 0 1650 F( 900 C ), oil quenched; 900 22.0 0.158 38. 54 16.7 9.9
1250 F( 677C ), tempered. 482 151. 7 265.7 115.1 68.3
43 H 1652F(900C), 4h, oil quenched; 850 24.7 0.2 45.0 35. 0 30.0 (26. 0) 2509
1112 F(600C ), 2h, air cooled. 454 170.3 310.3 241. 3 206.8 (179.3
44 103 "Durehete 900". 842 26.1 53. 76 47.5 41. 2 35. 5 (32. 2) 3000 Data for two heats with very
& 1-1/8 in.(28. 5 mm) diameter. 450 180. 370.7 327.5 284. 245. (222. ) similar compositions.
125 Forged bar.
842 31. 36 28.7 25.3 22.2 1000
(M) 450 216.2 198. 174. 5 153.
1575 F ( 857 C ), oil quenched;
1220 F ( 660 C ), tempered. 842 8. 96 7.7 6.8 6. 5
450 61. 8 53.0 46.9 44.8
896 25.8 53.76 43.0 35. 0 26.8 (21. 5) 3000
480 177.9 ~70.7 296.5 241. 185. (148.)
896 0.133 ~1.36 26.9 23. 0 19.2 1000
480 216.2 185.5 158. 6 132. 4
896 8. 96 7.4 6.2 4.9
480 61. 8 51. 0 42.7 33.8
925 ~1.36 23.5 19.7 15. 9 ( 7. 4) 3000
496 216.2 162.0 135. 8 109.6 ~51. 0)
950 25.3 53. 76 32.0 22.4 12.8 K i. 5) 4000
510 174.4 370. 7 220.6 154.4 88.3 ~10. 3)
950 ~1. 36 21. 5 15.9 10.7 ' 1. 8) 4000 ....
....
510 ~16.2 148.2 1109.6 73.8 12.4) Cl
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
... ......
.8E .,
:J
r::. f:!
:J
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!.
a~
fi.
.,,
iii N
8. ... u ~-;;;~ ~·-NE
~
0 .. _
en
>._
N
E
-
0
..i-
<f.
r::.'
0
<f.
...
..
!! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
......
O>
a
45 100 0.46 0. 53 0. 35 1. 38 0. 32 0.62 0.036 0.029 68 147.5 118. 124.5 24 60 Izod impact str. 54 ft. lb. ( 73 joules).
20 1017. 814. 858.4 Vickers hardness ( 30 kg load): 309.
842 112. 5 59. 86.3 26 70
450 775.7 407. 595.
932 104. 2 29.3 75. 7 28 76
500 718. 4 202. 522.
977 93. 2 24.4 69.0 28 79
525 642.6 168. 476.
1022 88.0 64.7 28 80
550 606.7 446.
46 63 0.09 0.38 o. 27 0.82 0.66 0.020 0. 032 Room 73.5 34.4 21. 367. 4
507.0 237.3
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~-
~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a ~
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
5
t>
E
::I
., form and size, history of material. "'Q:; LL U "8~ a...€
·- N ksi :!
c:
<ii
":; ~ 2' 2' E .. z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment ~.,,.,, u~ <!' ·1;
·~ -~
l!l l!!
"'
::;; "'
~
~
., "'
iii
% ksi 1
h
10
h
100
h
1000 10,000 ksi h
iii"'
Cl I- MN/m 2 h h MN/m 2
44 Continued from last page. 950 0.05 11. 20 9.2 7.2 5. 0 1000
510 77.2 63.4 49. 6 34.5
950 0.041 8.96 6.4 4.7 3.15 1000
510 61. 8 44.1 32. 4 21. 7
1004 31. 36 17.7 10. 5 2.9
540 216.2 122.0 72.4 20.0
45 100 Open-hearth steel. 842 24.8 0. 15 31. 3 25.8 Residual stresses have been scaled
1, 2 and 4 in. (25, 50 and 102 mm) 450 171. 0 216. 178. from the published figure.
diameter forged bars. 887 0.15 28.7 23.3 17.6 ( 9. 9)
475 198. 161. 121. (68. )
1598 to 1616 F( 870 to 880C ), oil
quenched; 905 0.15 35.85 31. 7 26.3 20.7 14.3
1238 F(670C ), 2 h. 485 247.2 218.6 181. 3 142.7 98.6
932 23. 6 o. 15 24.9 17.2 10. 3 ( 3. 4)
500 162.7 171. 7 118. 6 71. 0 (23. 4)
977 21. 6 0.15 18.5 11. 6 4.9
525 148.9 127.5 80.0 33.8
1022 18.7 0.15 13. 0 6.6
550 128.9 89.6 45.5
1022 0.15 11. 6 6.2
550 80.0 42.7
1067 0.15 10.7 4.9
575 73.8 33.8
1112 0.15 9.1 4.7
600 62.7 32. 4
a b
Torsion 46 63 steel of British manufacture. 1022 19. 5 8.8 8.0 Torsion tests on solid cylindrical
550 134.4 60.8 54.9 specimens with gage section 10 mm
Normalized at 1652 F( 900C ). ( 0. 4 in.) diameter x 340 mm (13. 4
1112 19. 5 8.4 6.8 in.) long.
600 134.4 57. 9 47.1
1202 19.5 7.3 4.4
650 134.4 50.0 30. 4
1292 19.5 3.4 0.7 ....
...._,
"Inn 1 <IA A ?<I " " a
a Initial maximum torsion stress at room temperature. bMaximum torsion stress on reaching test temperature in
about 1. 5 to 2 h from start of heating.
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
!E ., rt
tli5
..·
]
0
'<I'
-. #- - ....
....
00
48 105 0.43 0.55 0.31 1. 30 0.17 0.76 Izod impact str. 3. 5 to 5 ft. lb. (4. 75 to 6. 8
joules.) Vickers hardness (30 kg): 381.
49 105 0.43 0.55 0.31 1. 30 0.17 0.76 Izod impact str. 44 ft. lb. ( 60 joules).
Vickers hardness ( 30 kg load): 340.
50 51 0.37 0.38 0.16 1. 05 0.17 0.82 0.08 0.018 0. 011
51 4 0.146 0.45 0.10 2. 05 0.28 0.92 <0.01 0.16 0.019 0.018 0.028 Room 108.2 90.6
Sol. Total 746. 625.
Al Al
<0.00~ 0.004
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~
e· ... Residual stress, ~
48 105 Bolt which failed after 30, 000 h 900 31. 4 27.7 24.7 21. 8
After service at 896 F ( 480 C ). 482 216.5 191. 0 170.3 150.3
Service
49 105 After above service. 900 31. 4 25.1 19.3 11. 9
+ 1220F(660C), 2h. 482 216.5 173. 1 133.1 82.0
50 51 Basic electric-arc furnace. 851 0.10 25.1 22.9 21. 4 19. 5 17. 4
455 173.1 157.9 147.5 134.4 120.0
1562F(850C), oil quenched; 905 0.19 38.5 33.9 26.9 20.0
1166 F ( 630 C ), air cooled. 485 265. 4 233.7 185.5 137. 9
905 0.10 23. 75 20.9 18.6 15.1 10. 5
485 163.8 144.1 128.2 104.1 72.4
905 0.05 11. 2 10.5 9.1 7.25
485 77.2 72.4 62.7 50.0
977 0.10 21.1 17.6 14.8 10. 7 4.5
525 145.5 121. 3 102. 0 73.8 31. 0
51 4 BS1501-622, Grade 55. 662 0.15 34.1 33.1 31. 8 12 Data have been scaled from a plot
Basic open hearth. 350 235. 228. 219. of residual stress versus time.
Plate 2. 25 in. (57 mm) thick.
842 0.15 30.9 29.4 27.4 12
1740F(950C), air cooled; 450 213. 203. 189.
1165F(630C), tempered. 932 0.15 29.2 26. 5 23. 8 12
500 201. 183. 164.
1022 0.15 26.0 21. 5 17.0 12
550 179. 148. 117.
1067 0.15 24.7 20.0 14.1 12
575 170. 138. 97.
1112 0.15 23. 8 17.3 11. 5 12
600 164. 119. 79.
....
....
1157 0.15 21. 5 14. 5 8.0 12
625 148. 100. 55. '°
1202 0. 15 20. 2 11. 2 5. 2 12
650 139. 77. 36.
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
!E
e!:.
j3 t5i
...
~ -*
0
~
<fl-
-
....
0
"
r::.
iii
Q)
~
"~
Chemical composition, % by wt. e
8. "-
E
.... _
CJ ~
Z': z
~·-NE
.. .><
N
z ~·c;;..E
·- E 0 ,._
·- .><
CJ)
<>".><Z
N
r::.·
0 ..
~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;: :! ,, :ii! ~ -~ 0
..
"'C
'5i :ii! ~
21 .,
~
.,
t: .,
r::. c. :ii!
"'
r::. -a.
:ii! 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Sn p s I- I- e
11.
0
w cc
52 H 0.48 0.15 0.08 1. 72 0.13 0.96 Room 140.7 83. 0 14 27 Charpy impact str.: 4. 7 ft. lb. (6.4 joules)
970.l 572.3 Stress for O. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
l022F(550C): 5.1 ksi (35.2 MN/m' ).
53 H 0.48 0.15 0.08 1. 72 0.13 0.96 Room 131. 1 86.0 14 34 Charpy impact str. : 12.1 ft. lb. (16.4 joules .
903. 9 592.9 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h min. creep rate:
1022 F ( 550 C): 5. 95 ksi (41. 0 MN/m' ).
54 4 0.115 0.48 0.21 2.54 0.12 0.965 k0.01 0.12 0.018 0.020 0.016 Room 77.9 53. 4
537. 368.
Sol. Toto I
Al Al
0.004 0.004
aNominal composition.
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f.
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a~ ;
Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
::J
c: "'~ form and size, history of material.
8. u.. u ]Eoos.~z
:; ·- N
ksi "
.:!!
c;; ::J MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
E "'"' ~ c.:> strain, stress, time, ·;:;
·;: ~ Heat treatment $~~ u
. ..
2!
:i:
!!!
Cl
~
w
"'
I-
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
·~
52 H 1742 F ( 950 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 1022 20.5 0.2 35. 0 9.3 5.7 (2. 44) 2505
1202F(650C), 2h, furnace cooled. 550 141. 3 241. 3 64. 1 39.3 (16. 8)
53 H 2282F(1250C), lOh, air cooled; 1022 25.2 0.2 30.0 23.2 11. 2 2229
1922F(l050C), lOh, air cooled; 550 173.7 206.8 160.0 77.2
1202 F ( 650 C), 3 h, furnace cooled.
54 4 BS1501-622, Grade 31. 1022 o. 15 27.85 24.4 20.0 12 Data have been scaled from a plot
Basic open hearth. 550 192. 168. 138. of residual stress versus time.
Plate 2. 75 in. (70 mm) thick. 1067 o. 15 26.8 21. 2 15. 5 12
575 185. 146. 107.
Normalized 1742 F ( 950 C ).
Tempered 1337 F ( 725 C ). 1112 0.15 25. 95 17.7 10. 6 12
600 179. 122. 73.
1157 0.15 23. 35 13. 5 8.4 12
625 161. 93. 58.
1202 o. 15 20.6 9.3 5. 8 12
650 142. 64. 40.
1247 0.15 15. 7 5.8 3. 5 12
675 108. 40. 24.
1292 0.15 9.9 3.5 1.15 12
700 68. 24. 8.
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
.8E
f.
af -=·
..·
] -"'
0
"a'/.
-
......
:I
r::.
CD
f!
:I
Chemical composition, % by wt. !. .... (.J ....
i"'
_
N
l:> ·- E
.,,,. z 5
ii
·u;
N
.€
uj
>._
.-
N
~ .>t.Z
E
"a'/.
r::.·
.5!
;· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ E .g
"'"' ·- ""z
s..
SI
.
!!!
!l
t:
.g :a
i
:::!!; i :::!!; d :::!!; ~
r::.
0
,;
:::!!; 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s i! I- e
a.. w
0 CD
a:
aNominal composition.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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f.
iiE ; Residual stress, ~
::J
c:
.":; Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
j3
f!
8_ LL U
3
-g
·-N
~!
Initial
ksi
MN/m 2
Final 2
"
:!
iij E"' z
E Z'"' .,o strain, stress, stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment s-c-! (!J ·;;
s.. .. .. ..
:E
!!
0 .
~
w
I-
·-= ....
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
-~
w
56 123 ( Continued from last page. ) 1000 28.1 23.1
538 193. 7 159. 3
1100 17. 86 11. 0
593 123.1 75.8
1100 16.65 10.0
593 114. 8 68.9
60 107 Relaxation of pure axial tension: 932 47.4 43.2 41. 0 37.4 33.3 400 Thin-wall tube, 13 mm (0. 5 in.)
500 326.6 298.1 282.4 257.9 229.5 O. D. x 1 mm (0. 039 in.) wall
thickness.
932 34.4 31. 9 30. 2 27.6 24.9 350 Gage length 80 mm ( 3. 15 in. )
500 237.3 219.7 207.9 190.2 171. 6
Tension Results have been scaled from
Relaxation of axial stress compon- 932 35.4 32.4 30. 9 27.2 23.3 425 plots.
+ ent, for Tj,, = 1/2. 500 244.2 223.6 212.8 187.3 160.8
Torsion
932 26.0 23.9 22.3 19. 5 18.5 190
500 179.5 164.8 154. 0 134.4 127.5
932 20.5 18.8 17. 5 15 1 1?. ?. 500
500 141.2 129.4 120.6 104.0 84.3
( Continued next page.)
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
e· ~ 0
!E
~8. ... u
t5i ~ ....<t ae.
...e
:J
r:;; "'~
:J
Chemical composition, % by wt.
........ ·- ... z
N
~ ·- E ~·-NE
., ... z 0 ......
vl
>.-!
N
*.!2
r:;;' Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
n;
·;;; Si !E -8
"'"'
.g ae.~z
0
"'
!!! 'E ::!: iic. ::!: ::;i ::!: ir:;;
"' ~ t: -ti
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu p s "'
I-
{!!. e
Q. w
0
er"'
61 H 0.24 0.40 0.48 1. 63 0.24 1. 05 Room 113. 9 77. 21 56 Charpy impact str.: 25.6; 27. 0 ft. lb. (34. 7;
785.3 531. 36.6 joules).
Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
Room 117. 2 80. 22 63 932F(500C): 17.0ksi ( 117 MN/m 1 ).
808. 1 552.
1022 F( 550C ): 5. 1 35
62 108 P.13 0.57 0.30 2.41 0.10 1. 05 0.12 0.013 0.021 Room 75. 4 50.6 34 74 Vickers hardness (30 kg load): 159; 166.
519.9 348. 9
63 H 0.33 0.36 1. 08 1. 08 0.081 1. 15 Room 139. 4 110. 19 66 Charpy impact str. : 44 ft. lb. (59. 7 joules).
961. 1 758 Stress for 0. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
842 F(450C ): 36. 0 ksi (248. 2 MN/m' ).
932 F( 500C ): 14. 6 100.6
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iiE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
..
:J Residual stress, ~
.9
:J
c: "'
I:!
form and size, history of material. ~
8. u. (.)
=·-
-g ~~ N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
,f?
:J E°b z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Oi
·;:
l!l
"'
SI
!!
"'
Heat treatment E "'C
:!
t:
"'"'"
CD CD
"'C
•t:"-c.:J
"'
strain,
%
stress,
ksi , 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi
time,
h
·c:;
'i
:1! Cl "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
60 107 ( Continuation from last page. )
Relaxation of axial stress compon- 932 23.7 22.0 20.9 18.8 17.2 290
ent for '/u = 1. 500 163.3 152. 0 144.2 129.4 118. 7
932 17.2 15.5 14. 5 12. 9 11. 1 600
500 118. 7 106.9 100.0 89.2 76. 5
Relaxation of shearing stress for 932 27. 35 25.2 23.5 20.9 18.8 600
pure torsion. 500 188. 6 173.6 161. 8 144.2 129.4
932 19.8 17.6 16.2 14. 1 12.2 360
500 136.7 121.6 111. 8 97.1 84.3
61 H 2282F(1250C), lOh, air cooled; 932 22.5 0.2 45.0 32. 5 23. 8 2176
1922F(l050C), lOh, air cooled; 500 155.1 310.3 224. 164.
1202F(650C), 3h, furnace cooled.
1022 24.0 0.2 30.0 21. 0 7.6 (1. 42) 2229
550 165. 5 206.8 144.8 52.4 (9. 79)
62 108 STB42D. 932 25.7 0. 12 26.0 24.2 20.4 15.7 390 The top two tests listed were run
500 177.5 179.0 166.7 140.7 108.4 with continuous load reduction; the
1688 F( 920C ), 1 h, slow cool to other data were from step-down
1400F(760C); 932 0.10 23. 0 21. 9 19.3 16.8 160 tests with manual stress decre-
Cool from 1400 F ( 760 C) to 1325 F 500 158. 4 151. 0 133.4 116. 2 ments of 1422 psi ( 9. 8 MN/m 2 )
( 718 C) in 1 h; then air cool. 932 0.2 32.1 29.2 24.0 (14. 3) each, to keep constant the strain
500 221. 6 201. 0 165.2 (98. 6) indication on a dial gage.
932 o. 15 29.0 26.8 22.9 Results have been scaled from a
500 200. 0 184.9 157.9 plot of residual stress versus time
932 o. 12 26.4 24.5 21.1
500 181. 9 168.7 145.1 Specimen gage section 10 mm (0. 4
in.) diameter x 100 mm ( 3. 9 in.)
932 0.10 22.9 22.4 19. 9 (13. 5) long.
500 157.4 154.5 137.3 (93. 2)
63 H 1742F(950C), 8h, oil quenched; 842 25.6 0.2 50.0 37.7 (29. 6) 2505
1202F(650C), 2h, furnace cooled. 450 176. 5 1344.7 1259. 9 K2o4.1
932 24.0 0.2 40.0 28. 5 19. 2 8.3) 3900
500 165. 5 275.8 196. 5 1132.4 57.2)
I I
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
...·
.8E
.,
!
aI! tIii
.... _
N
! .,; N -
0
'<I"
?fl.
?fl.
.. - ~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
"
c ::! !. ... (.J ~ ·- E ~·-NE >._ E c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
«i "~ E .g"'"' z ·-0 ..., . z_
.g 'iii., ... :::E ~ -"'Z
0
"'
·;:
~ ~
!I
i :::E d :::E "ic 0
.,
,;
:::E 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s i
I- ~ e
a. w
0
cc
64 H 0.33 0,36 1. 08 1. 08 0.08€ 1. 15 Room 113.4 80. 21 58 Charpy impact str.: 73; 16; 21 ft.lb. (99;
781. 9 552. 22; 28. 5 joules).
Room 126.9 89. 18 47 Stress for O. 00001%/h min. creep rate:
874.9 614. 1022 F ( 550 C): 4. 9 ksi ( 33. 8 MN/m2 ).
932F(500C): 25.0 172.
Room 118.9 80. 22 62 19.3 133.
819.8 552.
66 AA Dp.11 0.55 0.29 2. 13 0.90 o. 011 0. 014] 77 76. 1 37.4 28.3 Tensile-test strain rate 6. 7 x 10- 4 / s.
25 525. 258.
ti. 135 0.57 0. 37 2.2 0.16 0. 92 0.012 o. 016] 700 74.5 32.9 20.1
371 514. 227.
850 72.4 33. 4 21. 0
454 499. 230.
950 66.6 32.5 23. 6
510 459. 224.
1000 61. 4 31. 5 26.3
538 423. 217.
1050 54.2 30. 2 25.9
566 374. 208.
1100 47.6 29.4 36. 5
593 328. 203.
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.!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f!•
a
..
:s
Initial
Residual stress, ~
su
., form and size, history of material. f! '5 ·- N ksi
Final
:!
:s
i:! 8. u. u ~ a.~
...c:
·;:
:s
~ Heat treatment E
l!l
Z' "'
"'C -8
E~ z
u,.... C!l strain,
stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, l:
:~
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
. .. .,. .. ..
l!l :i -~
~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
::E 0 I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
64 H 2282 F ( 1250 C ), 10 h, air cooled; 932 25.4 0.2 45.0 40.0 31. 0 (19. 3) 2176
1922F(1050C), 10 h, air cooled; 500 175.1 310.3 275.8 213.7 133.1
1202 F ( 650 C), 3 h, furnace cooled.
932 27.9 0.2 45.0 35.0 26.0 12.2 2176
500 192.4 310.3 241.3 179.3 84.1
1022 0.2 30.0 22.0 8.1 2228
550 206.8 151. 7 55.8
65 116 932 0.52 68.3 54.3 39.8 31. 3 45 Automatic relaxation machine.
500 470.7 374.6 274.6 215.7 Data have been scaled from a plot.
aRepeated loadings.
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.8E
:J
"'e
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a
!!
~ vi N
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final ~
u
.l!!
-...
CXl
c
:J
8- u.. (.J
>.-.. --E MN/m 2 ~
iii
·;: ~ Heat treatment E "'"' ~ .><Z strain,
a~-!!
stress, stress, time, ·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a.. .
::!!
:!
0
;
d ::!!
% ksi
MN/m 2
0.1
h
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
ksi h
w
..
"£;
I- MN/m 2
66 AA (Continuation) a900 21. 5 0.34 30.0 29.0 28.3 27.4 26.3 26.1 150
482 148. 207. 200. 195. 189. 181. 180.
31. 0 0.73 35.0 34.2 33.5 32.5 30.2 30.2 110
214. 241. 236. 231. 224. 208. 208.
35. 2 1. 31 40.0 37.9 36.7 35.2 33.6 100
243. 276. 261. 253. 243. 232.
39.5 2.08 45.0 42.1 40.3 38.7 36.3 35.5 180
272. 310. 290. 278. 267. 250. 245.
2.0 35.0 33.8 32.9 31. 9 30.5 50
241. 233. 227. 220. 210.
44.5 2.18 44.7 43.8 42.9 41. 0 40.2 24
307. 308. 302. 296. 283. 277.
b44. 2 2.28 44.5 42.6 41. 5 39.6 39.2 24
305. 307. 294. 286. 273. 270.
46.0 2.4 40.0 39.5 38.6 37.6 36.3 24
317. 276. 272. 266. 259. 250.
2.4 40.0 39.5 39.0 38.3 36.5 33.8 500
276. 272. 269. 264. 252. 233.
950 24.8 23. 5 22.5 20.3 16.7 11. 7 1000
510 171. 162. 155. 140. 115. 81.
la950 23.5 0.25 30.0 29.7 29.3 27.4 24.8 14.5 1000
510 162. 207. 205. 202. 189. 171. 100.
26.5 0.43 30.0 27.1 24.2 20.5 20.0 24
183. 207. 187. 167. 141. 138.
30.0 o. 5 30.0 28.0 25. 8 22.5 19.1 18.6 140
207. 207. 193. 178. 155. 132. 128.
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~-
j
..8. Residual stress, ~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a en Initial Final ~
form and size, history of material. N ksi ~
::l
c "'~ u. (.) >._ E MN/m 2
::l
stress, l:" Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ 51 Heat treatment !lE ~"'"'
-8 ?/!.
N-"Z "' -- strain, stress, time, ·;:;
~
. .
::!:
~
0
t:
"'
I-
c::i ::!:
% ksi
MN/m 2
0.1
h
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
•t;
w
11
66 AA ( Concluded). 950 23. 5 0.25 30.0 29.2 29.0 27.1 24.7 25.5 100
510 162. 207. 201. 200. 187. 170. 176.
29.7 0. 31 30. 0 28.4 27.3 1
205. 207. 196. 188.
31. 0 49. 3 42.9 38.7 35.0 33.8 20
214. 340. 296. 267. 241. 233.
c 1000 21. 0 0.3 29.6 28.3 27.3 24.5 19.9 100
538 145. 204. 195. 188. 169. 137.
27.0 0.73 33.1 29.9 26.5 23. 6 18.7 11. 7 300
186. 228. 206. 183. 163. 129. 81.
1050 27.6 0.56 27.6 23.6 19.7 15.5 11. 7 11. 0 150
566 190. 190. 163. 136. 107. 81. 76.
c 1050 20.0 0.11 20.0 19.3 18.3 16.2 7.8 100
566 138. 138. 133. 126. 112. 54.
22.9 0.24 24.9 21. 0 17.7 14. 5 10.4 100
158. 172. 145. 122. 100. 72.
24. 5 0.66 30. 0 21. 9 17. 7 14.2 11.3 100
169. 207 . 151. 122. 98. 78.
. c
1050 20.0 0.25 30. 0 26.5 24. 1 19.4 9.0 100
566 138. 207. 183. 166. 134. 62.
24.7 1. 4 33.9 23.6 19.0 14.6 10.7 100
170. 234. 163. 131. 101. 74.
24.7 4.0 37.7 23.5 18.4 14.2 10.6 9.1 200
170. 260. 162. 127. 98. 73. 63.
c 1200 24.4 14.9 13. 1 o. ~
649 168. 103. 90,
24.4 14.9 12.0 9.3 8.3 20
168. 103. 83. 64. 57.
......
N
0
"'
Repeated loadings.
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels (0.14 to O. 21 3 Strain ) -
~
0
40 4:
• ~
E
.......
.n z
• 2:
"' ..
-...
Cl>
"' 30
c::;:) •
lo
• 200
30
• . . 200 .."'.
...·
GI
.,,·u; • •
• . a
"'
Cl> • •
• ,,:I
Oi
.
ai::
GI
• • •
20 -• x
20 •
• •
• ' •
• • . 100
•• •
• 100
• • •
•
10
• .• •
I
•
I
10
• • ••
•
••
•
'• •
• r
• • •
0
. 5~0 I ~90C 70,C
0 0 I
5~0 . ~ooc l ~
0
800 1,000F 1.200 800 1,000 F 1,200
Temperature Temperature
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Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
35 35-35 64 53 35 63 36 64 35 35
35 16 28
6 22 36 64 64 35-35
43 35 61 61 22 40 64 63 35 64
47 so63 47 35 28 53 22 40 64
45 6 43 41 61 6 43 41 27
40 28 so 64 42
6 77 45 47
7 62 63 61 7 45 63 52
24 62 45 7 27
45 4547 52 7 52 7 37 47
45 45 42 62 45
45 6 6-7 8 61
37 45 45 45 24
24 37
45 45 47
8
50
I I
1000 Hours
I
10,000 Hours
100 Hours
-300 - 300 300
•
•
40 • 40 40
·;;; 0
• • • N
~ E
• • • ......
"'.,,... 0
a•
z
~
-QI
.,, 30
•
•
•
-200
30
0
••
•
•
-200
30
• •
•• - 200 =
......
...
CD
a
::»
0
1.0 0
.... •
0
•
., ...
~
·;;; T Q •
CD
a
• •
°' ••
•. •
a
0
• "' • 0
(.)
20 20 20 - a
•
•II Solid symbols
.
•
-100
0
I
•
•
. -100
oa , - 100
0.5-1.15 O/o Mo
Open symbols
0.12-0.30/o Mo
• • .I - I ••
0
•
10
• 10 0
10 ••
.I • o • Q + T
I
. • . '• I a • N+T
I5~oc
0 .. Annealed
•
•I •• Not given
4~0 s~o 5~oc 4~0 590 4~0 I 500C
I I
0
x
--""'
0 0 0 0 0
800 900 lOOOF 800 900 lOOOF 800 900 IOOOF
Temperature Q Elasticity factor 5.1
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132 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
40
36
/
/ •
I
•
I
x •
- 250
f '\;
0
"
32
v 0
v .a
I
•
mod.
- 200
v
28
a ~
E
......
/ z
·;;; 24 ~
I/
jf, .,.-
.,., • "'
- 150 ~
-"'GI...
" ' 20
•
-¢-
0
0
"'
a:>
,,·;;;
.,,·;;;
D
:I
I
• 0
~
GI
~
GI
16 I 0
8I - 100
0
12 x
1000 Hours
850°F
x
x
(454 °C)
8
x
Mo content, 0/o
0.12-0.30 o.5-1.15
- 50
0
• Quenched; Tempered
4 a • Normalized; Tempered
-¢- Austempered
x H.T. Not Given
I
0
200 3~0 MN/m' I. I 4~0
0
20 30 40 KSI so 60
Initial stress ( ) Elasticity Factor 5.5
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Quenched & tempered: solid symbols
Chromium - Molybdenum Steels (0.45%Mo min.) Normalized & tempered: open symbols
______,
3S
60~,---r--1----,i-------r-~,~/ _, 400
84 2 to 850 °F 896 tc 905 °F
"iii
..x
111'
Ill
50
40
450 to 454 "C
.V. ~~l'C'
/~
•'
~
480 to 485 °C
v ~
~
,'
"<"
300
...
E
........
z
~
111'
Ill
-...
al
('}
::i:
:::0
0
Si::
......
c:::
SiI ::
§
t"'
-
I ll
...al 0
~
tJ:J
I ll
0
,,:::>
ti
t:o::I
a
,,
:::>
30
- - 200 ~
"iii
Si::
~/
"iii u.i
-.:i
al
., .
IX
:'/;,, ,-·"' 0 t:o::I
t:o::I
20
/;
/ /
, '~~,,
.~_' .
____ _,________
t"'
u.i
,. , .
:'•,1' • ,,'
/ ,"
/
- v
/
/
/
/
•
, /
- 100
/
/:
t------/-r-~''----.+--'.
/
··-------+---------o
-<> • 1h
" • 10 or 12 h
V
I /
, ,' a • 100 h
/
0 • 1,000 h
v • 10,000 h
"-------''---------'-------'-------'O
20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
0.45% Mo min .., Quenched & tempered
I I
'-:I
925 to 950 °F 1000to1022 °F tll
~
v
~
tll
50 E
I
::a
I "z~ t'1
t"'
. . >
300 111' ~
-.
Ill ~
·- GI 0
Ill 40
I
z
I
~ Ill
111'
~
-.
Ill 0 0 D ~
GI
,o_': :> >
"V
-- "V "'ti
II. . - v
~
30
I ll
. . 200 'iii
D
:>
"'ti
,-t/ ~
GI ::a
t'1
z
"iii ... ,/ J ,oo"• 0
GI
~ 20 ,,
11
... ,,,..
,, . . . . -
•
I ,
.....
~
t'1
,, ,, , ... ~,, , ,
I . I ~
, ,,,,. 'It'
,, /
- -\(,oo". . ,o,.-,
- 100
. ...
/
,, /
,, ,,.
,, ,, >
• ,, ! t"'
11· --
, . ,, ,, ,, ,
v
t"'
10
, ,, • ", • .-:L,ooo" 0
~
.- ---·
/
:" ,, • ,oo tll
--- . I
/
- -10,000 h
•'
~~:...-·-- 10,000 h
~--
•
0
• • 0
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 100
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi
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Chromium - Molybdenum Steels
0.45% Mo min. Normalized + Tempered
1
925 to 950°F 1000to1022°F ()
I ~4 I ::i::
::0
,," ,, ~
;,,,,',,' . - I
(496 to 510 °c) ( 538 to 550 °C) 0
501------+-----+----+---+.L-----~
~
rsc::
E Si:I
i I
z
300 ::E ~
t:"'
.,; ><
"1------+---'V-t--/T,-,,~
~ o:l
.---1
-
...
Cl)
0
t;
t'1
~
Si:
/l/ ,-:~~~ . }{
::::> en
~ 301------+---+-~-+------+-----~
i - 200 3? ...,i
~ t'1
Cl) t'1
ct t:"'
en
ct 201-------->h~ , "'----+------+------I
/
~ o/'_,,,' .,_ - - " t----------->t-1"' o
100
"'" --- --,opoo -
_., - _,o00 ~
I
., -¢- lh
. "' 10 or 12 h
·:I/--+-----+----+------------+-------- • a
•
. .,
0
100h
1,000h
10,000h
0
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
.....
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi U>
en
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-"'
c..:>
- 300 300
40 40 I
62 .6
I
II
.51 66
• l>
·;;;
..>t 30 57-o <p
·;;;
..>t 30
I
• •
.. .. l>
"
"f"'17
66 1200 l>
.A \!66 .A
•
t
0
!.. • • I
~ fl
I 'Q
62
0 ~
I I I
g 0 g 'Q
::>
• I
::>
'h
I
'Q
- •
66
"'ti "'ti
·:; 20
I
·;;; I 'Q
'Q
0 20 'Q
GI
a: I • GI
a:
'Q
~66
~66
I I 661
•• I
- 100 I •
I
• - 100
• o Zero time
10 10 l> 1h
• 10 h
100 h
900 to 950 °f 'Q
I • 1000 h
(482 to 510 °C)
450 500 c 550
I
0 0 0 0
500 800 900 1000 0 0.2 0.4
Temperature,°F Strain,%
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Cr -Mo -V Steels
(Including Mo-V Steels)
Data have been roughly arranged in order of increasing vanadium content, with Mo-V steels listed
before those containing chromium. Most apparent deliberate composition modifications are tabulated in
the next chapter; attention is called to the presence of small amounts of some alloying elements other than
Cr, Mo, and V by a notation in the left margin.
Listings for an identical composition with different heat treatments or testing procedures follow one
another, to facilitate comparisons.
A separate plot ( P. 198) covers the limited data for Mo-V steels.
As had been noted in ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 187, relaxation strengths of the Cr-
Mo-V steels in the normalized+ tempered or the quenched+ tempered condition are strongly dependent on
the austenitizing temperature employed in the heat treatment. A plot on page 199 of the 1000-hour residual
stress at about 1000 deg. F for an initial stress in the range from 30 to 40 ksi shows no large difference
between these two heat-treatment types. The increase in strength with austenitizing temperature is more
strongly evident. This effect of heat-treatment temperatures obviously contributes to scatter in the re-
maining graphical presentations, but separate graphs for each austenitizing temperature appeared not to
be feasible.
Results for quenched+ tempered specimens have been shown separately from those for other heat
treatments. Plots included have been limited to representative conditions at which sufficient data points
were available to reasonably indicate trends. Approximate curves or scatter bands seemed inappropriate
in most instances, and have been omitted entirely.
Results listed under Material No. 91 represent a unique situation where relaxation tests on a single
lot of steel have been conducted by fifteen different laboratories. Only the ranges of test results have been
shown graphically.
Notations in the margins of the tabulated data call attention to tests on bolts, materials tested after
long-time service, steels which had received various degrees of cold strain prior to testing ( Materials
19 and 85), comparison of relaxation data for bolts and for a ring in bending ( Materials 17 and 18), and
tests on the same material as a casting and as a forging. These features and results for numerous tests
at singular conditions are generally not a part of the graphical presentations.
One additional Cr-Mo- V steel ( Modified H-11 steel ) has been included as Material No. 1 in the
section on Ultrahigh Strength Steels, pp. 249-256.
137
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
.!E e·
af! tii
...·
]
c
-*"' *
-
c;.,
co
::>
c
Cl>
f:!
Chemical composition, % by wt. .... _
8. "- u I:>·- E g
N Gj cJi
·u;-€ >._
N
. -E
N
c ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.g 'S.,i ... :!!
z ·-
::> .5!
flE .g
"'"' ... z ~ .><Z
~ SI ~ ic 0
.. cl!.
fl
:!! c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ii
~
~
c
CD
Q.
....e
:!! 0 :!!
0
Lil
al
cc
Mo-V 1 H 0.39 0.70 0.26 0.06 0.45 o. 21 Room 123.9 101. 9 20. 58. Charpy impact 27 ft. lb. ( 37 Joules).
854.3 702.6 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 900 F
(482 C); 29 ksi ( 200 MN/ m2 ).
Mo-V 2 115 0.215 0.55 0.24 0.13 0.28 0.53 0. 25 0.026 0.037 Room 91. Hardness, BHN 290.
627.
Mo-V 3 100 0.16 0.46 0.22 0.22 0.39 0. 52 0.27 0.009 0.015 68 97.2 *80.4 80.4 29. ~4. Hardness, DPN ( 30 kg load) : 214
20 670. 2 554. 554. lzod impact at room temperature, 116
932 68.5 *38.8 53.3 36. ~8. ft. lb. ( 157 Joules ).
500 472.3 267. 5 367.5
1022 61. 5 •31. 3 48.0 28. 180.
550 424.0 215.8 330.9
1112 56.4 *19.7 41. 4 37. B4.
600 338.9 135. 8 285.4
Mo-V 4 N 0.29 0.86 0.20 0.27 0.20 1. 34 0.28 Room 137. 118. 15. 34. stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
945. 814. 1050 F ( 566 C ) : 11 ksi ( 76 MN/ m 2 ).
• 0. 01 % offset Y. S.
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~
E ., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material •
a
~
~- ...
"
3 ·-N Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final
~
-
B
"
"iic: ~ 8. u. u "Ra~ MN/m 2
Em z strain, stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"51 Heat treatment E .g
l!l ""''
.g u :=CJ stress, time, ·;;
'i :! ~
., ·~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·="'
"'
:E 0"'
"'
I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
1 H 1742 F (950 C), oil quenched; 900 27.5 0,2 45.0 36 30 (22. 5) 2740
1250 F (677C), 4 h. 482 189.6 ~10. 3 248 207 (155)
2 115 Bars, rough machined to 9/16 in. 1220 0. 153 28. 75 17.6 11. 1 6.9 49 Tested in nitrogen atmosphere.
(14 mm) dia. before normalizing. 660 198.2 121. 3 76. 5 47.6 Initial strain corresponds to a
1740 F (950 C), air cooled; stress of 28. 45 ksi (196. 1 MN/m2)
1220 F (660 C), 6 h. at room temperature.
3 100 Electric arc furnace. 950 0. 15 30.9 25.9 21. 5 (13. 2) Residual stresses have been
Bars 2 and 4 in. ( 50 and 100 mm), 510 213.0 178.6 148.2 (91. 0) scaled from the published plot.
forged from shaft end of a rotor
forging. 977 0.15 28.8 24. 1 19.2 12.5
1697 F (925 C), oil quenched; 525 198.6 166.2 132.4 86.2 ('J
...,
1247 (675 C), 2 h. 1022 23.6 0.15 20.2 13. 5
550 162.7 139. 3 93. 1
1022 0.15 23.3 18.3 11. 9 6.9
550 160.6 126.2 82.0 47.6
1022 0.15 25. 1 20.8 12.2
550 173.1 143.4 84. 1
1112 22.9 0. 15 17.2 11. 5
600 157.9 118. 6 79.3
1112 o. 15 15.7 9.7
600 108.2 66.9
4 N Forging, 16 in. ( 400 mm). 1050 25.0 13. 1 (12. 8) 650 Grain size 7.
1830 F ( 1000 C), fan cooled; 566 172.4 90.3 (88. 3) Hardness 248 BHN
1150 F (620 C), 143 h.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
· .. .....
....
1lE .,
:I
c ~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
e·
i!
8.
.;:;·
]
e .... (.) Iii"' .. ~·-NE
~·;;;! 0 .. _ >·- E
vi .. -*
Cl
'd"
c"
'#.
.,·
!! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0
... :I
e:: ., ... z ·- ... z ~~z 0
0"'
·;:
~
"'
:!:
Sl
:!
"' c v p s
..s
IS
"'Cl "'Cl
~
c
~
:!: '§
CL
e
:!: ~ :!: "ic
0 .,
-ci
Cl Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Cu Sn I- CL w a:
Mo-V 5 100 0.19 0.86 0.46 0.10 0.05 0,66 0.35 0. 033 0.033 68 90.0 *58.6 59.4 22. 45. Izod impact at 68 F (20 C): 5 ft. lb. (6.8
20 620. 5 404. 409. 5 Joules).
392 82.8 *46.1 49.2 22. 51. Hardness, DPN ( 30 kg load): 184
200 570. 9 317.8 339.2 100, 000-h rupture strength:
752 80.8 *31. 'I 45.7 23. 40. 14. 7 ksi ( 101 MN/ m' ) at 932 F (500 C
400 557.1 218.6 315. 1 4. 5 ksi (31 MN/m') at 1022 F ( 550C ).
932 66.3 *29. 5 42.9 28. 63.
500 457.1 203. 4 295.8
1022 61. 7 *28.0 42.8 27. 60.
550 425. 4 193. 295. 1
1112 44.6 *19.3 29.2 37. 78.
600 307.5 113. 201. 3
6 121 0.115 1.16 0.15 0.77 0.10 0.66 0.07 0.023 0. 033
+ Cu,Sn 7 4 0. 155 1. 36 0.21 0.605 0.20 0.26 0.095 0.18 0.018 0.021 0.026 Room 93.4 73.
644. 503.
0.16 1. 32 0.19 0.61 0.22 0.27 0.08 0.09 0.010 0.021 0.023 Room 93. 8 75.
647. 517.
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] ~
a..
.. Residual stress,
2
~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
"
:; ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
"c: "'"~ 8.LL. u "&a~
e .. z strain, MN/m 2
~
~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress,
~ Si Heat treatment E "'"'
s-a"'"'"
-a u~C!J
stress, time, ·c:;
!!!
"'
:!:
~
"'
0
..
~
"'
I-
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
w
5 100 Slab, 4 ft. x 1. 5 ft. x 3. 5 in. thick 977 0.15 22.7 20.6 16.0 (8. 7) Residual stresses have been
(1. 2 m x O. 5 m x 89 mm), cast 525 156. 5 142. 110. 3 (60.) scaled from a published plot.
with 4-ft length vertical. 1022 22.8 0.15 20.7 16.7 10. 8
550 157. 143. 115. 74.5
1650 to 1740 F ( 900 to 950 C),
air cooled; 1112 20.6 0. 15 12.3 6.7
1255 to 1290 F ( 680 to 700 C), 4 h. 142. 84.8 46.2
12 h
6 121 Plate, 3 in. (75 mm) thick. 1112 0.15 a16. 9 12.1 7.6to 72 Specimens were from the 1/4-
to 24.1 to 15. 7 10.7 thickness position of the plate.
1615 F (880 C), quenched; 600 117to 83 to 52 to
1275 F( 690 C ), tempered. 166 108 74
7 4 BS 1501-271 (Ducol W30, Gr. A). 1022 0.15 29.6 23.9 19.9 12 Values for two heats.
Basic open hearth. 550 204. 165. 137. Data have been scaled from a plot.
Plates, 2.75 and 2.375 in. (70 and 1022 o. 15 28.7 23.1 19.0 12
60 mm) thick. 550 198. 159. 131.
1740 F ( 950 C), normalized; 1067 0. 15 26.8 21. 2 16.2 12
1200 F ( 650 C), tempered. 575 185. 146. 112.
1067 o. 15 26.8 20.3 15. 5 12
575 185. 140. 107.
1112 0.15 26.4 18. 5 12. 5 12
600 182. 127.5 86.
1112 0.15 24.2 17.9 11. 7 12
600 167. 123. 5 81.
1157 0.15 23. 35 15. 1 9.0 12
625 161. 104. 62.
1157 0.15 21. 5 14.2 8. 2 12
625 148. 98. 56. 5
1202 o. 15 20.6 11. 2 5. 8 12
650 142. 77. 40.
1202 o. 15 17.0 10.3 5. 2 12
650 117. 71. 36.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
e· ~ c
..,.
]
. a! t ] .._
"'~-
E
:i
"
ii
'j
.. c..
!!
:i
~
l!!
Chemical composition, % by wt . g_ ...
sE .g"'"'
;;
~
CJ " " c;;5 ·;;;~
~·;;;!
.g :;;"'"" ::!:
"
z ~
c.
"
·--" z
~
>,_ E
~ _,.z
::!: d
-
.. 'i"'.,· 0
N
::!:
"
0
-c
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s I- "'
I- e
0.. w
0
cc"'
8 121 0.13 1. 20 0.13 0.80 0.32 0.37 0.095 o. 013 0.028
10 F 0.42 0.61 0.26 1. 62 0,43 0.14 Room 144. •119. 4 20. 59 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
993, 823. 1000F(538C):l6ksi(l10MN/m 2 ).
11 74 0.062 0.51 Ki. 2 2.05 0,66 0.15 0.025 0.009 Room 87.5 68. VC, M 7 C 3 , M'M"C carbides.
0.66 0.3 o:o30 o.onr 603. 471. Hardness 114 Vickers.
14 74 0.04 0.51 0.2 4.87 0.68 o. 17 0,025 0,009 Room 84.6 64. VC, M 7 C,, M 23 C• carbides.
Q.06 Q.66 'o.3 0,030 o:ors 583. 5 441. Hardness 113 Vickers.
16 74 o. 04 0.51 0.2 2.63 0.65 0.19 0,025 0.009 Room 84.6 65. VC, M 7 C 3 , M'M"C carbides.
Q.06 ~ o:3 0,030 o:ors 583.5 446. Hardness 112 Vickers.
*o. 1% Offset Y. s.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!!.
a~
..
.a Initial
Residual stress,
Final eu
8. u.. u ~ ·s_ NE
form and size, history of material • ksi .l!!
::J
c "'~
E ., ., Eco Z
::J MN/m 2 l!' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress.
~ 51 Heat treatment !! "'"'
:= " strain, stress, time, ·u
.. .. ·=..
'C 'C u
ii! ~ t: ~ % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
:!E Cl "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
8 121 Plate, 1. 5 in. (38 mm) thick. 1112 0.15 22.4 *16. 1 12.1 72
600 154. 5 111. 83. 4
1615 F (880 C), quenched; 1202 0.15 17.9 *11. 0 5. 6 72
1275 F (690 C), tempered 650 123.4 75.8 38. 6
9 75 Annealed 1 740 F ( 950 C) 1022 35. 6 14.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
550 245.2 101.
11 74 1920 to 2010 F (1050 to 1100 C), 977 35. 6 17. 4 2000 Oding ring method; bending. (")
....
air cooled; 525 245. 2 120.
Tempered 1290 F ( 700 C). 1049 35.6 12.4 2000
565 245.2 85.
12 75 Annealed 1740 F (950 C) 1022 3 5. 6 11. 2 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
550 245.2 77.5
13 74 1920 to 2010 F (1050 to 1100 C), 977 35. 6 28.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
air cooled; 525 245.2 198.
Tempered 1290 F ( 700 C ). 1049 35.6 26.7 2000
565 245.2 184.
14 74 1920 to 2010 F ( 1050 to 1100 C ), 977 35. 6 10.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
air cooled; 525 245. 2 73. 5
Tempered 1290 F ( 700 C ).
1049 35. 6 7.4 2000
565 245. 2 51. 0
15 75 Annealed 1 740 F ( 950 C ). 1022 36. 5 7.3 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
550 245.2 50.0
16 74 1920 to 2010 F ( 1050 to 1100 C ), 977 35. 6 15. 4 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
air cooled; 525 245. 2 106.
Tempered 1290 F ( 700 C ). 1049 35. 6 11. 1 2000
565 245. 2 76.5
• 12 h.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
.·
.8E
::I
c: "~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
et
a
~
8. u..
-E
"' _
....
&i N
u J:: ·- E ~·-NE
]
en
0 . , _ >.-~
N
-
0
'<t
<fl.
c:·
<fl.
..
~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~
::I
~ E ~ ~ ., .... z ·--" z
~~z
0
~ l!!
~ "'C "'O
t;
=ac: :tE ~
c.
:tE ci :tE 'ic: 0
-ci
:tE "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ~ ~" 2
0..
0
w "
a:
17 90 0.22 0.57 0.31 1. 33 0.21 0. 59 0.19 0.009 0.007 68 112. 77. 22. 64
20 775. 530.
18 90 0.26 0.54 0.29 1. 21 0.03 0.60 0.20 o. 013 0.017 68 129. 111. 16. 57.
20 892. 765.
19 61 0.13 o. 52 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.012 0.013 Room 89.4 75.2 24. 75. Ferrite + spheroidized pearlite.
616. 518.
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~-
1iE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, il "'
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
form and size, history of material. ~ j ·- N
~ E ksi ~"
" "'~
c: ~LI. CJ
EID
"g
z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "5! strain, stress, stress, time,
Heat treatment 5E "C"'"'
"C CJ~(.!)
"'"' ·c:;
! i'! t: ~ % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ~
"'
::2: "'
0 "'
I- "'
iij
MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
iii
19 61 Soviet steel type "12Cr1MoV". 1040 21. 3 17.9 13. 2 11. 2 400 Specimens 175 x 25 x 2 mm ( 6. 9
Pipe, 14. 8 in. (377 mm) dia. x 560 146.9 123. 91. 0 77.2 x 1 x 0. 08 in.) tested in bending,
0. 8 in. (20 mm) wall thickness. using IR-4N apparatus.
1040 17.1 13. 9 12.2 9.3 400
Normalized 1760-1795 F {960-980C 560 117. 9 95.8 84. 1 64. l Residual stresses have been
Tempered 1365-1400 F (740-760 C). 1040 12.8 9.3 6. 8 5.7 400 scaled from a small published
560 88. 3 64. 1 46.9 39. 3 plot.
1040 8.5 6.6 5.7 3.9 400
560 58.6 45. 5 39. 3 26.9
20 61 Material 19, prestrained to 7% 1040 8.5 3.9 2.8 2.1 400 Same as for Material 19.
plastic tensile strain. 560 58.6 26.9 19.3 14.5
22 61 Material 19, pres trained to 15% 1040 17.1 7. 1 4.3 3.2 400 Same as for Material 19.
plastic tensile strain. 560 117. 9 49.0 29.6 22.1
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
~
E .
!.
ii! t
I! ... tJ S N ~·-NE ~ N
...
~ -
0
"'?fl. ?fl.
f.
-
""'
O>
~
=
c f:!
=
Chemical composition, % by wt .
8. ,, ,,
E .,
t: ·;; !
"' .,"' m-" Z ·--" 0 . , _ >._ E
z ~~z
c·
0 .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
51 ~
~ :::!!; ~ "ic 'O
~
:::!!;
~
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ii
I-
c
~
c.
2
....
:::!!; 0 :::!!;
w
0 .
-ti
a:
23 61 0.13 o. 52 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.012 0.013
•Nominal composition.
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.8E ~ .. Residual stress,
s
..!:! Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
i3
\'! =·-::I
;:
"C u
·~ % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ~
:::;;"' "'
Cl I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
23 61 Material 19, prestrained to 20% 1040 21. 3 8.5 5.0 3.7 400 Same as for Material 19.
plastic tensile strain. 560 146.9 58.6 34. 5 25. 5
24 90 German DIN steel 24CrMoV 5. 5. 662 43.0 41. 1 39. 4 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 296.5 283. 272. determined using rings with
"Heat treated". uniform cross section.
662 35. 7 34.4 33.2 2700
350 246.1 237. 229.
662 29.7 28.7 27.5 2700
350 204. 8 198. 190.
842 43.7 36.8 34.7 2700
450 301. 3 254. 239.
842 36. 7 30.9 29. 3 2700
450 253. 0 213. 202.
Si:
932 42.5 32.9 26.7 2700 0
I
500 293. 0 227. 184.
<
932 37.3 29.6 24.5 2700
500 257. 2 204. 169.
932 28.9 23.8 20.0 2700
500 199.3 164. 138.
932 21. 3 13.9 13.4
500 146.9 96. 92.
932 14.2 10.9 9. 5
500 97.9 75. 65. 5
932 11. 4 8.7 6.7
500 78.6 60. 46.
25 90 German DIN Steel 24Cr Mo V 5. 5 662 43.5 41. 3 40.0 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 299.9 285. 276. determined using rings with
"Heat treated". uniform cross section.
662 37.0 35. 3 34.2 2700
350 255.1 243. 236.
662 29.0 27.9 27. 1 2700
350 199.9 192. 187.
(Concluded next page).
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
i!E
2!.
i!
.s:::
bi
..
]
0
o:j'
..... '#.
"'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. I! 5i N ~ N '#. .;
·- E ~·-NE
.........
::J
r::. !_LL 0 ~ r::." ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::J
., .... z ·--" > ·-.......E
0 ....... '#. 0 ca
iii
S! E -!
"'"" z N.><Z
·;:
l!! ca
l!! -! :;;;
r::.
::!: ~ ::!: ci ::!: "ir::. 0
.,
,;
s I-.,
ca 10 :;; c.
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p i! ....2
0
u:; a:
25 90
27 R 0.46 0.59 0.22 0.95 o. 35 0.21 0.016 0.023 Room 156. 143. 27. 52. Hardness: BHN 341.
1076. 986. 1000-h rupture strength at 1000 F (538 C):
900 117. 95. 5 15. 69. 45 ksi (310 MN/m 2 ).
482 807. 658.
1000 99. ! 84. 14. 56.
538 686. 579.
28 R 0.44 0.60 0.22 0.94 0.34 0.21 0.018 o. 022 Room 159. ! 134. 19. 53. Hardness: BHN 331.
1100. 924. 1000-h rupture strengths:
900F(482C ): 78 ksi ( 538 MN/m')
900 118. 88. 15. 69. 1000F(538C): 45ksi (310MN/m 2 ).
482 814. 607.
1000 96. 84. 14. 60.
538 665. 579.
30 H 0.46 b.56 0.22 0.95 0.44 0.22 Room 192.8 164. 15. 55. stress for O. 00001 %/h creep rate at
1329. 1131. 932F(500C):27ksi(186MN/m 2 ).
31 K 0. 32 0.60 0.70 1. 32 0.14 0.48 0.22 o. 011 0.017 1100 80.6 71. 6 25. 74. 1000- h rupture strength at 1100 F ( 593 C ) :
113 556 556. 494. 19 ksi ( 131 MN/m' ).
*%/5D.
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e· .,,·
-8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
.tu..
ii .= Initial
Residual stress, ~
::J
., form and size, history of material. :J ·-
u ] S.!
N
ksi
Final ti
~
c: \:! MN/m 2
s~ "C~ "Cg' -~ ~ C)
::J E"' z stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment strain, stress,
:g
. .
2l
::!!
~
0
.,"'
t-
.!!!
UJ
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h l\l
iii
27 R Crane "Templex", 3 in. (75 mm) dia 1000 25. 0 o. 18 30.0 13. 1 9.2 6.4 Robinson step-down method.
Hot rolled. 538 !172. 4 206.8 90.3 63. 44.
Commercial normalize [ About
1725 F (940 C)J;
Temper at 1200 F ( 650 C) min. ;
14 years service at 900 F ( 482 C)
nominal steam temperature.
28 R Crane "Templex", Hot rolled. 900 26.7 0. 18 40.0 (16. 1) Robinson step-down method.
482 184. 275.8 (111.)
Commercial normalize [About
1725 F (940 C)J;
Temper at 1200 F ( 650 C) min. ;
14 years service at 900 F ( 482 C)
nominal steam temperature.
31 K Timken 17-22A(S), 1 in.(25 mm)dia 1100 20.8 64.0 38.5 26. (13.) 57
1725 F ( 940 C ), 1 h, air cooled; 593 143. 4 441. 3 265. 179. (90.)
113 1200 F ( 650 C ), 6 h, air cooled.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
e· ... 0 .-
.8E ., i! t5i ] 'o:t
._
*~-
c.n
0
::J
r:;;
;;;
~
::J
~
Chemical composition, % by wt . I!
.... N
8. .... (.) :> ·- ._E 10 ·-NE
E Z' Z' ., .... z ·- ....
ui
.. ._ >·- E
z ~ ._ .
-"Z
N
*r:;;'
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;:; ! '1:1 "C :::E ~ ·w.r:;; 0
.. l9..
2l
:::E 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu Sn p s
t:
~
:;;
r:;;
~ ....~
:::E 0 :::E
w
0
-c
cc"'
32 4 0.115 o. 51 0.19 0.41 0.08 o. 52 0.25 0.10 o. 015 0.024 0.019 Room 85.1 62.95
Nb: o. 001 587. 434.
0.105 0.44 0.13 0.385 0.12 o. 54 0.205 0.13 0.018 o. 017 0.024 Room 80.2 57.6
Nb: 0.001 553. 397.
34 90 0.25 0.54 0.22 1. 20 0.13 o. 64 0.22 0.009 0.010 68 111. 77. 21. 50.
20 765. 530.
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!E fl ... Residual stress,
e
~
:l .
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a
~
8. u.. (.)
-=
~·a Ne
Initial
ksi
Final
~"
u:: z
c
:l ~'° MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ S! Heat treatment E ""'"
$~~ CJ strain, stress, time, ·;:;
$
"'
:!:
~
0 ,_~
·~
"'
ijj
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h iijj
MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
32 4 Colmo 1000. 1022 0.15 29.6 27.7 25. 4 12 Both or average results for two
Basic open hearth. 550 204. 191. 175. heats are listed, according to
Plates 2. 12 and 1. 27 in. ( 54 and 1022 0.15 30. 9 26. 7 23.6 12 which was reported.
32 mm. ) thick. 550 213. 184. 163.
Data have been scaled from a plot
1790 F (975 C), normalized; 1067 0.15 26.8 25. 5 23.2 12 of residual stress vs. time.
1250 F (675 C), tempered. 575 185. 176. 160.
1067 0.15 29.6 22.6 20.2 12
575 204. 156. 139.
1112 0. 15 26.0 23.2 20.2 12
600 179. 160. 139.
1112 0.15 26.8 21. 0 17.4 12 ...,(")
600 185. 145. 120. I
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
.8E
::J
c:
.
l! Chemical composition, % by wt .
e·
ae
8. ... (.)
fi.
"'c:
QI N
.::; ·- E ~
...
]
.... _ ·- E >-.-!
0
0 .. _
N
-*
0
..r
c:"
*.,·
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
-
t11
""
E~f .,-" 2 ·- ""2 ~~z
::J
~ £
0 "'
:! 'ti ,, '5i
"ic: 0
2l
"'
:::!:
:i
0"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ii
I-
c:
.. a:ii
::!:
I-
0.
::!: d
0
::!:
w
0 ..
-0
a:
35 F o. 38 0.58 0.21 0.96 0 .16 o. 35 0.23 Room 138.8 72.1 119. 0 19. 54. Hardness: VPN 312.
957.0 497. 820.5
36 F 0.38 0.58 o. 21 0.96 0.16 0. 35 0.23 Room 118. 7 100.2 21. 62.
818.4 691.
37 N 0.29 0.48 0.75 1. 22 0.50 0.23 Room 143.5 87. 14. 56. stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at
989.4 600. 1000 F( 538C ): 16. 6 ksi (114. 5 MN/m' ).
39 F 0. 39 0.38 0.23 0.97 0.42 0.24 Room 136.7 109.2 18. 49. Stress for O. 00001 %/h creep rate at
942.5 753. 850 F ( 454 C): 27 ksi ( 186 MN/m 2 ).
40 N 0.38 0.64 0.19 1. 02 0.48 0.24 0.012 0.010 Room 144.9 100. 121. 18. 55. Hardness: RC 31.
999. 1 689. 834. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate:
950F(510C): 20ksi ( 138 MN/m' ).
1000 F( 538 C) : 14. 5 ksi ( 100 MN/ m' ).
41 N o. 38 0.64 0.19 1. 02 0.48 0.24 0.012 0.010 stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at
850 F ( 454 C): 21 ksi (145 MN/m' ).
*Typical.
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2!. "' Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, .'3 ..:! Initial Final
form and size, history of material • CO :J ·- N ksi
a;a. u.. <.J "'8 g_ !>------1
E MN/m 2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
E g' i' ~ Z strain, stress, t-----.---r------.--...,..---1 stress. time,
Heat treatment :-c-c,~-(!)
~ ..!!! % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
1- w MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m>
35 F 3/4 in. (19 mm). dia.; Hot rolled. 1000 23. 2 o. 26 60. 6 27.6(20. 216
1675 F ( 915 C ), air cooled; 538 160. 417. 8 190. (138.)
1200 F ( 650 C ), drawn.
36 F 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia. 930 24. 0 30.0 18. 6 (14. 5 2880
1675 F ( 915 C ), air cooled; 499 165. 5 206.8 128. (100.)
1300 F ( 705 C ), drawn.
37 N 1725 F (940 C), 1 h, air cooled; 950 24. 3 25.0 19. 18.5 17.5
1200 F (650 C), 2 h, furnace cooled 510 165. 5 172.4 131. 127.5 120.7 (")
'1
1000 21. 6 25.0 16. 8 (16.) (15.) 692 I
39 F 7/8 in. (22 mm) dia. 750 25. 4 50.0 ( 48.) (47.) 720
1675 F ( 915 C (, air cooled; 399 175.1 344.7 (331. ) 324. )
1200 F ( 650 C ), drawn. 850 24.8 30. 0 25. 5 (24.) 4200
454 171. 0 206.8 176. 165. 5)
40 N 1 in. (25 mm) dia. 950 23. 7 45.0 25.7 19.7 (14.~ 1300
1725 F (940 C ), 1 h, air cooled; 510 163. 310.3 177. 136. 102.)
1200 F ( 650 C ), 2 h, furnace cool.
1000 21. 6 30. 0 19.2 14.6 (10.~ 2376
538 149. 206.8 132. 101. 69.)
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
iiE ., e·
ti
..
]
Cl
....
~
a cli 11!.
11!.
.,~-
N CO N
::J
c ~
::J
Chemical composition, % by wt . I!
!
LL U
!. .g"' .g"' ........z ·-5 ·;;!
~ ·- E
N
> ·-......E
... z _,.z
~
c·
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ Si CD-"
:E ~ ·1c 0
.. ..
~
:E
l9
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s
t;
CD
I-
'i
c
~
c.
e
D..
:E 0 :E
w
0
-0
CD
a:
42 0 0.29 0.46 0.75 1. 22 o. 54 0.24 Room 149.8 110. 127. 16. 56 Hardness: BHN 285.
1033. 758. 876. Stress for O. 00001 %/h creep rate at:
900 F ( 482 C ): 41 ksi ( 283 MN/m2 ).
1000 F( 538C ): 14 ksi ( 96. 5 MN/m 2 ).
43 R 0.31 0.57 0.68 1. 23 0.23 0.53 0.24 0.017 0.015 Room 140. 125. 17. 49. Hardness: BHN 285.
965. 862.
44 35 0.45 0.55 0.60 1. 26 0.29 0.52 0.24 1000 57. 5 Elastic modulus at 70 F ( 21 C ):
538 396. 30. 5 x 10 6 psi ( 210. 3 GN/m 2 ).
46 H 0.23 0.70 0.55 2.81 o. 20 0.48 0.24 Room 133.l 101. 21. 68. Charpy impact at R. T. :34. 3 ft. lb. (46. 5
. 918.~ 696. Joules).
Stress for O. 00001%/h sec. creep rate:
950 F( 510 C): 12. 5 ksi ( 86 MN/m 2 ).
1000 F( 538C ): 5. 0 ksi ( 34. 5 MN/m 2 ).
47 75 0.01 11. 0 0.65 o. 25
0. 68 wt.% M 23 C •.
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.8E f .. Residual stress, ~
45 35 3/4 in. (19 mm) dia. 1000 40.0 37.6 35. 5 32.2 27.0 • Test run in Barr and Bargett type
538 275.8 259. 245. 222. 186. apparatus.
1725 F ( 940 C ), air cooled;
1225 F ( 665 C ), 6 h.
46 H 1650 F (900 C), 8 h, oil quenched; 950 22.7 0.2 35. 0 23.3 16.4 (6. 57) 2520
1200 F ( 650 C ), 4 h, furnace cool. 510 156. 5 241. 3 161. 113. 45. 3 )
1000 20. 8 0.2 35. 0 18.0 10.0 (1. 47) 2706
538 143.4 241.3 124. 69. (10.1)
47 75 Annealed 1740 F ( 950 C ). 1022 36.5 16. E 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
.....
-*
~
.8E ., !!"
zI! =·"' ~
0
~
""
O>
.... _
ii ~ ~ *...
Chemical composition, % by wt .
..
N
u ~ ·- E ~·-NE > ·- E
:I
c ~
:I
8. "- c· ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c;; E g> g>
z ·--"
0 .. -z .!2
·;: si s,,,, "'"" :;; ~~z
~ 'O
. ..
l!l
:;;
!!!
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Cu p s
~
.,..
I-
'ii
~
c 0.
~
0.
:;; ~ :;; i<:
0
jjj
-a.,
a:
48 F 0.45 0.74 0.39 1. 04 0. 21 0. 31 o. 25 o. 13 Room 142.5 114. 116.5 20. 54. Hardness: VPN 312.
982.5 786. 803.
50 F o. 35 0.40 0.15 0.80 0.30 0.2 Room 145. 118. 20. 57. stress for 0. 00001 %/h sec. creep rate:
D."5'0 D.7U ro.su r.ru rD.4U o.3 1000. 814. 850 F( 454 C): 26. 2 ksi ( 181 MN/m' ).
930F(499C): 21.8 ksi (150 MN/m' ).
51 H 0.42 0.55 0. 32 0.95 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 117. 95. 21. 61. stress for O. 00001 %/h sec. creep rate at
807. 655. 1000 F( 538C ): 11.8 ksi ( 81. 4 MN/m' ).
52 H 0.42 0.55 o. 32 0.95 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 124. 107. 107. 21. 63.
855. 738. 738.
53 H 0.42 0.55 0.32 0.95 0.22 0.56 o. 25 0.018 0.016 Room 130. 97. 102. 17. 54.
896. 669. 703.
54 0.42 0.55 0.32 0.95 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.018 0.016 Room 132. 102. 107. 19. 61.
910. 703. 738.
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~£
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a "'
.=! Initial
Residual stress, ~
.9
:J
., form and size, history of material. ~ :::J ·-
-g CS.!
N
ksi
Final
~"
c ~ l!l_Ll..U
iii
·;:
:J
~ Heat treatment E "C
.$
., .,
"'"' E~ z strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress. time, ~
·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ .,
"C " ....
·~
(.!)
ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h .
·~
*
t: .!!! %
:iE Cl I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 iii
48 F 1-7/8 in. (48 mm) dia., hot rolled. 1050 22.0 0.091 20.0 7.8 ( 3. 6) 504
1675 F ( 915 C ), air cooled; 566 151. 7 137. 9 54. 25. )
1200 F ( 650 C ), drawn.
49 F 1-7/8 in. (48 mm) dia., hot rolled. 1050 22.0 0.091 20. 0 12.0 6.3 3. 0) 3576 5.6
1675 F (915 C ), air cooled; 566 151. 7 137. 9 83. 38. 21. )
1200 F ( 650 C ), drawn.
51 H 4. 3 in. (110 mm) dia. 1000 22.5 0.2 36.0 26. 15. 8. 2) 2175 "Flow-rate" tests, with stress
1742 F ( 950 C ), 4 h, air cooled; 538 155. 248. 2 179. 103. 56. 5) decrements of 1 to 5 ksi ( 7 to
1290 F ( 700 C ), 5 h, air cooled. 35 MN/ m 2 ).
52 H 4. 3 in. (110 mm) dia. 1000 23. 1 0.2 36.0 23. 14. 7. 2) 2175 "Flow-rate" tests, with stress
1740 F ( 950 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 538 159. 248.2 159. 96.5 49. 6) decrements of 1 to 5 ksi ( 7 to
1290 F ( 700 C ), 5 h, furnace cool. 35 MN/ m 2 ).
53 H 4. 3 in. (110 mm) dia. 1000 23.2 0.2 37. 32. 24. 16.) 2175 "Flow-rate" test.
1920 F ( 1050 C ), 4 h, air cooled; 538 160. 255. 1 221. 165.5 110.)
1290 F ( 700 C ), 10 h, furnace cool.
54 H 4. 3 in. (110 mm) dia. 900 22.0 0.2 42.0 36. 33. 5 30.) 3025 "Flow-rate" tests.
1920 F ( 1050 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 482 152. 289.6 248. 231. 207.)
1290 F ( 700 C), 10 h, furnace cool. 1000 20.4 0. 2 34.0 30. 22. 15. 3 2180
538 141. 234.4 207. 152. (105. 5)
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
.. ......
.8E ., a
!?°
ie::
t~ . ~ .,; .
.. ·-.,_E ~ ·- '"e >._.. E
-* *;..
0
'<t c.n
00
:I
c
iii
·;:
!!
~
:I
S!
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!
LL U Q
., ... z ·-0 .... , z_ ~ .><Z
"O "O
'iii
c
::!: ~ ::!: ci
- 'i
::!:
c·
0
0
-c.,
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
*
c. c
"'
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s I-i ~ e
a.
0
w a:
55 H 0.44 0.55 0.27 0.95 0.55 0.25 Room 139. 113. 9 18. 59. Hardness: RB 102.
958. 785. Stress for O. 00001 %/h sec. creep rate:
900 F ( 482 C ): 31 ksi ( 214 MN/m 2 ).
1000 F( 538C ): 8 ksi ( 55 MN/m 2 ).
56 u 0.45 0.54 0.30 0.83 0.20 0.54 o. 25 0.016 0.012 Room 130. 109. 20. 61.
896. 752.
57 100 0.22 0.55 0.23 0.92 0.08 0.73 0.25 0.009 0.014 Room 121. 2 ' 104. 9 23. 68. Izod impact 112 ft. lb. ( 152 Joules).
836. 723.
58 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1. 28 o. 25 0.03 o. 03 Room 108. -¢-83. 17. 48. Grain size 8. 2
745. 572.
1050 65. -¢-45_ 35. 83.
566 448. 310.
59 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1. 28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 132. l>91. 5 7. 8. Grain size 8. 4
910. 631.
1050 61. -¢-35_ 37. 82.
566 421. 241.
60 42 0.34 0.80 0.30 0.96 0.20 1. 28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 115. 5 83. 5 16. 35. Grain size 8. 6
796. 576.
1050 56.5 32. 49. 85.
566 390. 221.
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.8E e· .. Residual stress,
s
~
57 100 2 in. ( 50 mm ) dia. bar. 977 21. 5 o. 15 38. 30 34.8 32.0 29. 1 22.6 14. 1
1740 F ( 950 C ), oil quenched; 525 148. 264.1 240. 321. 201. 156. 97.
1290 F ( 700 C ), 4 h.
1022 21.1 0. 15 34. 96 31. 4 28.2 23.1 15. 7 7.8
550 145. 5 241. 0 216.5 194. 159. 108. 54.
1112 0. 15 31. 80 24.5 19.8 13. 0 ( 6. 7
600 219. 3 169. 136. 5 90. (46.
1184 0. 15 24.55 17.4 12. 1 6.4
640 169.3 120. 83. 5 44.
58 42 Prolongation of turbine- rotor 1050 0.3 46.5 29.5 22.7 16.4 Automatic relaxation machine.
forging. 566 320. 6 203. 156. 5 113. Results have been scaled from a
1750 F ( 955 C ), 14 h, fast air cool; published plot.
1100 F ( 595 C ), 8 h; 1200 F ( 650 C ,
18 h, air cool; Laboratory reheat of
test segment an additional 10 h at
1310 F (710 C).
59 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 50.8 34.4 26. 5 16.2 ( 6. 0 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F ( 955 C ), 1 h, simulated 566 350.3 237. 183. 112. (41. ) Results have been scaled from a
rotor cool; published plot.
1275 F ( 690 C ), 1. 75 h, air cooled.
60 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 38.4 22.7 17.6 11. 8 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F ( 955 C ), 1 h, simulated 566 264.8 156. 5 121. 81. 4 Results have been scaled from a
rotor cool; published plot.
1300 F ( 705 C ), 6 h, air cooled. ......
<J1
'°
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
Cl
ii ~
.8E a ~ ] '<:
...... '#-
::J
c: :;""'
Chemical composition, % by wt. t u... u ~iiw ·-w ......E ~·-NE >.-!
N .,; N '#-
,;;
.;
.,~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Z'
! .g 0 w ......
..
Q. .. 0
~ 51 z ·- ""'z ~~z .,
·;;
"C :;;;"'""' ~ ~Q. ~ ~ ~
0
.,
!! .,
!!
.,
t: c: c: .,
,;
~ Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s I-
"'
I-
...e w
0
a:
61 42 0.34 0.80 o. 30 0.96 0.20 1. 28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 142. 98. 12. 17. Grain size 5. 0
979. 676.
1050 85. 58. 5 24. 70.
566 586. 403.
62 42 0.34 0.80 o. 30 0.96 0.20 1. 28 0.25 o. 03 0.03 Room 139. 112. 3. 5. Grain size 5. 5
958. 772.
1050 83. 5 57.5 6. 48.
566 576. 396.
63 42 0.34 0.80 o. 30 0.96 0.20 1. 28 0.25 0.03 0.03 Room 123. 90. 15. 35. Grain size 4. 5
848. 621.
1050 66. 44. 28. 79.
455. 303.
64 0 0.42 0.58 0.62 1. 29 o. 31 0.52 o. 25 Room 150to 125to 139to 14 to 47 tc Hardness: BHN 285 to 302.
159 128 141 16 48
1034- 862to 958to
1096 883 972
65 0 0.42 0.58 0.62 1. 29 o. 31 0.52 0.25 Room 133 to 100to llOto 16to 54to Hardness: BHN 302.
137 105 115 18 56
917to 689to 758to
946 724 793
67 H 0.45 o. 61 o. 32 0.99 0.35 0.26 Room 131. 9 95. 21. 56. Stress for O. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
909. 655. 950 F( 510 C ): 22. 5 ksi ( 155 MN/m 2 ).
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~
~- .. Residual stress, g
.. ., ::i
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~ Initial Final
E 3 ·-
form and size, history of material.
8. .... (.) "8 iS.
N
ksi ~"
....
::i
c: ~ E
::i E"' Z strain, MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ 5l Heat treatment E "'"'
S't' "tJ CJ~ e,,
stress, time, ·c::;
.,
l!l
:E
.,
!!!
0
..
~
I-
.,
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
.,
·~
61 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 58.7 41. 7 34.5 27. 1 17.6 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F ( 955 C ), 1 h, simulated 566 404.7 287.5 238. 187. 121. Results have been scaled from a
rotor cool; published plot.
1300 F ( 705 C ), 2. 5 h, air cooled.
62 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 55. 3 43.3 36. 1 29.3 ( 20.5 Automatic relaxation machine.
1850 F ( 1010 C ), 20 h, simulated 566 381. 3 298.5 249. 202. (141. Results have been scaled from a
rotor cool; published plot.
1150 F (620 C), 75 h;
1185 F ( 640 C ), 48 h, furnace cool.
63 42 Material 58, heat treated again: 1050 0.3 45. 1 30. 5 24.4 16.3 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F ( 955 C ), 1 h, simulated 566 311. 0 210. 168. 112. Results have been scaled from a (")
'1
rotor cool; published plot. I
1300 F (705 C), 8.5 h, air cooled.
~ I
64 0 4 in. (102 mm) dia. bolt. 950 22. o. 18 44.0 29. 5 24.6 (19. 5) 1460 <
510 151. 7 303. 4 203. 4 169.6 (134. 4
1725 F (940 C), air cooled; 950 o. 18 40.7 30.0 25.9 (21. 5) 1430
1250 F ( 675 C ), air cooled. 510 280. 6 206.8 178.6 (148.)
65 0 6 in. (152 mm) dia. bolt. 950 0. 18 36.7 26.33 22.93 (20. 0) 1390
1725 F ( 940 C ), air cooled; 510 253. 181. 5 158.1 (138.)
1250 F ( 675 C ), 6 h, air cooled.
66 0 6 in. (152 mm) dia. bolt with 950 o. 18 44.0 32.1 28.2 ( 24. 3 1395
1.25 in. (32 mm) dia. axial hole. 510 303. 4 221. 3 194.4 (167. 5
1725 F ( 940 C ), 1 h, air cooled;
1250 F ( 675 C ), 6 h, air cooled.
950 o. 18 39. 2 27.95 24.6 (20. 0) 1390
510 270. 3 192.7 169.6 (138.)
950 0. 13 29.3 23. 6 21. 1 (18. 75 1435
510 202.0 162.7 145.5 (129. 3
67 H 4 in. (100 mm) dia. 950 27.8 0.2 29. 17.) 2503
1650 F ( 900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 510 192. 200. 117.)
1200 F ( 650 C ), 8 h, furnace cool. ....
"'....
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
...·
]
.
e
~ t:ii ~ -
c
..,.
?fl
.. - "i
E I! ul ?fl
.,~-
N
Chemical composition, % by wt.
~0 ·-.. E
N
:I
c I:! 8. LL. u ~·en!
-..
>._ E c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:I
E f f ..... z z ~ .><Z 0
~ SI .! -a "tJ
·- .><
:ii! ~ 0
!!
"'
:E
.
:i
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s i
I-
:;;
~
Cl.
e
Q.
:ii! 0 :ii!
c
0
ijj
-0
CD
a:
68 R 0. 46 0.58 0.65 1. 28 o. 17 0.47 0.26 0.014 0.017 Room 147. 5 127. 16. 46. Hardness: BHN 285.
1017. 876. Rupture strengths at 1000 F ( 538 C ):
lOOh: 60 ksi ( 414 MN/m2 ).
lOOOh: 30ksi ( 207 MN/m 2 ) .
69 28 •[o. 39 o. 50 0.20 1. 28 o. 65 o. 26] Room 143. 8 121. -9-135. 25. 64 Izod impact strengths:
991. 5 834. 931. Room temp. : 75 ft. lb. (102 Joules)
900 106.5 35. 1¢-51. 6 27. 900 F: 38 ft. lb. (51. 5 Joules)
73. 950 F: 41 ft. lb. ( 56 Joules)
482 734.3 241. 563.
1000 F: 32 ft. lb. ( 43 Joules).
950 100.5 22. l-9-73. 2 29. 76.
510 692.9 152. 505.
1000 92. 5 20. 5 -9-62.7 33. 79.
538 637. 8 141. 432.
70 M 0, 39 0.50 0.20 1. 28 0.65 0.26 o. 018 0.026 Room ll3. 24. 66. Hardness: BHN 270.
779.
71 u o. 45 0.57 0.34 0.95 0. 51 0.27 0.018 0.015 Room 168.2 128. 20. 49. Charpy V-notch impact: 34 ft. lb.(46 Joules
ll60. 883. 1000-h Rupture strengths:
900 F (482 C ): 93 ksi ( 641 MN/m' ).
1000F(538C): 48ksi (331 MN/m 2 ).
72 u o. 45 0.57 0.34 0.95 o. 51 0.27 0.018 o. 015 Room 144. 112. 20. 54. Charpy V-notch impact: 19 ft. lb. (26Joule1
993. 772.
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!!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f.
i3
.
..2 Initial
Residual stress,
B
~
., Final
"
8. u.. <.> -6 "[NE
form and size, history of material • I.! ksi ~
"'c: !::?
~ .. z MN/m 2 l: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "'~ Heat treatment E
$ ~ .g u ~ C!J strain,
"'"' stress, stress, time, ·c:;
-~
l!l
ca
:::!:
~ ; ~ % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
w
ca
0 I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
68 R Crane "Templex". Hot-rolled bar 900 25.0 0.15 30.12 26.3 24. 1 22.1 (20. 2) 21.125 3269 Robinson step-down method.
1. 5 in. (38 mm) dia. 482 172. 207. 7 181. 166. 152. (139.) 145. 7
Commercial normalize at about
1725 F ( 940 C ); 1000 24.0 0.15 26.62 20.1 15. 1 11. 3 ( 8. 5) 9.875 3001
After
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C) min.; 538 165.5 183.6 138.5 104. 78. (59. ) 68.
Service
14 years service at 950 F ( 510 C)
nominal steam temperature.
69 28 "Durehete 950". Forged bar, 900 25. 8 31. 36 29.1 27.4 24. 6 20.6
1-1/8 in. (29 mm) dia. 482 178. 216.2 201. 189. 170. 142.
1740 F ( 950 C ), oil quenched; 950 25. 3 31. 36 28.7 26.1 21. 6 17. 8
1275 F (690 C ), 2 h, air cooled. 510 174. 216.2 198. 180. 149. 123.
1000 24.9 31. 36 27.3 21. 3 15. 3 10.0
538 172. 216.2 188. 147. 105.5 69.
1050 31. 36 23.6 16.7 7.4 4.7
566 216.2 163. 115. 51. 32.4
70 M "Durehete 950". Forged bar, 950 31. 36 29.1 26.9 23.5 18.1 11. 6 5000 See also Ref. 126.
4. 75 in. (121 mm) dia. 510 216.2 201. 185. 162. 125. 80.
1740 F ( 950 C ), air cooled;
1740 F ( 950 C ), oil quenched;
1275 F ( 690 C ), 2 h, oil quenched.
71 u 1. 12 in. (28. 5 mm) dia. 900 28.2 0.2 45. 43. 5 37.0 (28. 7) 2679
1830 F (1000 C ), air cooled; 482 194.4 310.3 300. 255. (198.)
1775 F ( 970 C ) , 2 h, air cooled; 1000 24.5 0.2 40. 28. 5 19.0 (11. 0) 2662
1150 F ( 620 C ) , 4 h, furnace cool. 538 169. 275. 8 196.5 131. (76. )
1000 21. 8 0.2 38. 26.5 20.5 (11. 5) 2748
538 150.3 262.0 183. 141. (79. )
72 u 1.12 in. (28. 5 mm) dia. 1000 21. 8 0.2 38.0 26. 18. 10. 5) 1700
1830 F ( 1000 C ), air cooled; 538 150. 3 262.0 179. 124. 72. )
1795 F ( 980 C ), 2 h, air cooled;
1250 F ( 675 C ), 4 h, furnace cool.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
.8E e·
i!
~
l
...-
!
....·- ._E ~·-NE >._
"'
~ <Ii -
Cl
'<I"
~
~
.,-
-
O>
""
:::J
r::.
7ii
·;:
':::J~"
~
Chemical composition, % by wt. u.. (J
~
aE ~., 'C" ~., ... ::!:z ·-~ ... ::!:z
Q. "' "' 0 .. -
~.=z
N
E r::.'
0
·~
.
e
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0 ::!:
~ ~ .,
t; r::. Q. "'0r::. .,
-ti
::!: Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s t- ~ ...e w a:
73 99 0.47 0.61 0.90 0.48 0.27 0.015 0.009
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University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
~-
a
e u. u -g
w
::l
'; ·- N
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final s"
~! ~
::l
c: "'~
::l
~
e .. z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Oi E "'"'
"'"' strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
·;: Si Heat treatment ~ "C "C u ~ (!)
.,
l!l .,
fl ~
w .,
·~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h .,
·~
::!!: Cl "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
73 99 1705 F (930 C), oil quenched; 842 23.9 0.114 27. 17 25.9 24.3 22.6 98.6 750 Automatic relaxation machine.
1290 F (700 C), air cooled. 450 164.8 187.3 178.5 168. 156. 140. Results have been scaled from a
842 24.9 0.150 36. 27 34.6 32.7 30.3 27. 5 published plot.
450 171. 6 250.1 238. 226. 209. 189.
842 24.6 0.154 37. 98 37.3 34.8 32.0 28.4 450
450 169.7 261. 8 257. 240. 221. 196.
842 25. 5 0.188 46.23 43.7 39. 8 35. 1 31. 7
450 175. 5 318.7 301. 275. 242. 219.
887 23.0 0.120 28.45 26.7 24.9 22.6 21. 3 360
475 158.9 196.1 184. 172. 156. 147.
887 23. 5 0.154 36.27 34.3 31. 0 26.6 22.9 500 ...(')
I
475 161. 8 250.1 236. 214. 183. 158.
s:::
0
887 25. 6 0. 184 46. 23 40.5 35.4 29.7 23.0 I
475 176. 5 318.7 279.5 244. 205. 159. <
932 24.9 0.061 14.22 13.2 12.2 10. 8 9. 1
500 171. 6 98. 07 91. 84. 74. 5 63.
932 22.0 0.104 22.62 19.2 19. 2 17. 1 13. 8
500 152. 0 155. 9 132. 132. 118. 95.
932 21. 05 0.120 28.45 26.0 22.6 19. 1 13. 8
500 145. 1 196. l 179.5 156. 131. 95.
932 23.0 0.154 3 5. 27 31. 6 26.6 21. 9 15.9
500 158. 9 243.2 218. 183. 151. 110.
932 25. 3 o. 152
35. 27 32.9 28.4 24.2 17.9
500 174.6 243.2 227. 196. 167. 124.
932 21. 05 0.177 36. 27 33.4 28.7 24.2 19.2
500 145. 1 250.1 230.5 198. 167. 132.
977 21. 6 0.157 34.70 29.9 24.7 18.8 14.2 400
525 149. 1 239.3 206. 171. 129. 98.
1022 19.6 0.072 14.22 11. 7 9.7 7.0 4.3 550
550 135. 3 98.07 80. 66.7 48. 5 29.4
1022 22.2 0.087 18.75 15. 6 13.2 9. 8 6.3
550 153. 0 129.9 108. 91. 2 67.7 43. l ......
O>
CJ1
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Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
Cr-Mo-V Steels
.8E i
ti ]
.. 0
~
...... 'a'<
., Chemical composition,% by wt . ~!_IL (.) N
1 ~ N
'a'< ...
:I
c !:! .......... 0 ·-NE
l:i ·- E ........
>,_ E
'a'< ........
c' ; Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.g 'S...... z ·--"' z
:I 0
~
~
..
SI E .g
l!l "'"'
i
c
:::!E ~
0.
:::!E
N-"'Z
0 :::!E "ic 'Ci
..
,;
:::!E
10
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ! ~ ....e w
0
a:
74 R 0. 31 0. 58 0.63 1. 23 0.18 0.54 0.27 0.018 0.017 Room 142. 123. 8 17. 55. Hardness: BHN 293.
979. 854.
75 R 0. 31 0. 58 0.63 1. 23 0.18 o. 54 0.27 0.018 0.017 Room 142. 123. 8 17. 55. Hardness: BHN 293.
979. 854.
76 70 0.35 0.82 0.29 1. 07 1. 24 0.27 0.008 0.010 Room 101. 5 Tempered bainite.
700.
950 76.0
510 524.
77 74 0.04 0. 51 0.2 10.03 0.65 0.27 0.025 Room 98.9 82.5 VC, M 23 C 6 carbides.
o.rrB" ~ D.3 0,030 681. 6 569. Hardness: 124 Vickers.
78 F 0.44 0.56 0. 31 0.84 0. 11 0.56 0.28 Room 154.1 132. 7 135. 2 17. 54. Grain size 9 to 10.
1062. 915. 932. Hardness: VPN 302.
79 N 0.38 0.66 0.22 0.96 0.49 0.28 0.006 0.014 Room 144.2 81. 20. 57. stress for O. 00001 %/h sec. creep rate at
994. 558. 850 F(454C):30ksi (207 MN/m').
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!•
.a~
..
.2
Residual stress, .
B
., ·a "'e
Initial Final
!. u.. u .a
u
"c: !:!
form and size, history of material • ksi .:
~ "iii Z' .g"' ~
E ,, .. z strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress. time, z:
·u Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. c..
l!l
::!:
:i
Heat treatment l!l
~
:II
..
·~~CJ
..!!!
w
% ksi 1
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ..
-~
iLi
I- MN/m2 h h h h MN/m 2
74 R Timken 17-22A. 900 0. 15 34.85 25. 5 21. 6 (18. 3) Full length of specimen had ground
Commercial normalize at about 482 240.3 176. 149. (126.) threads with 0. 619 in. (15. 7 mm)
Threads 1725 F (940 C); minor diameter.
Tempered at 1200 F ( 650 C) min. 1000 0.15 30. 85 18. 6 14.6 (11. 5)
538 212.7 128. 101. (79. ) Robinson step-down method.
75 R Timken 17-22A. 900 0.15 34. 8~ 27.9 25.1 (22. 5) Full length of specimen had rolled
Commercial normalize at about 482 240.3 192. 173. (155.) threads with 0. 614 in. (15. 6 mm)
Threads 1725 F (940 C); minor diameter.
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C) min. 1000 0.15 30. 85 17.6 14.1 (11. 2) Robinson step-down method.
538 212.7 121. 97. (77. )
76 70 Rotor forging, 6-1/2 in. (165 mm) Roorn 30.2/ 45. G 44.8 44.4 720 Test-block method, using com-
dia. x 18-7/8 in. (479 mm) long. 31 pliance to measure the load without ()
...,
208/ 310.3 309. 306. disassembly. I
1750 F (955 C), 27 h, air cooled; 214 s::
0
1230 F ( 665 C ), 32 h. Specimen gage section 0. 3 57 in.
Room 65.0 64. 7 63. 5 720 I
77 74 1920 to 2010 F ( 1050 to 1100 C ), 977 35. 6 17.1 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
air cooled; 525 245.2 118.
Tempered 1290 F ( 700 C ).
1049 35. 6 12.4 2000
565 245.2 85. 3
78 F 7 /8 in. (22 mm) dia. , Hot rolled. 1000 23.0 0. 131 30. 2 18. 9 12.0 ( 6. 1) 2856
1675 F (915 C), air cooled; 538 158. 6 208.2 130. 83. (42. )
1200F(650C), drawn.
-...
"'
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
~ 0 ......
.8E PI ¥
z ~ "'"
...... °'
:I
.,
~
Chemical composition, % by wt . ~ LL (.)
"'
~ N
·- E ~·-NE
..........
~
CJ) ... "#. .·
"#.
..0
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
O::>
81 H 0.44 0.70 0.30 0.93 0. 15 0. 56 0.28 0.02 0.020 0.018 Room 145. 4 129. 9 22. 60. Stress for O. 00001 %/h sec. creep rate at
1002. 896. 1000 F( 538 C ): 10. 7 ksi ( 73. 8 MN/m' ).
82 H 0.44 0.60 0.29 1. 0 0.54 0.28 0.017 0.023 Room 154. 7 21. 58. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h sec. creep rate at
1067. 1000F(538C): 2.2ksi (15 MN/m' ).
83 u 0.45 0.56 0.26 0.91 0. 51 0.28 o. 013 0. 020 Room 122. 98. 22. 65.
841. 676.
84 u o. 45 0.56 0.26 0.91 0. 51 0.28 0.013 0.020 Room 128. 105. 20. 61.
882.5 724.
85 61 0.15 0.48 0.34 1. 25 0.93 0.28 0.013 0.015 Room 95.6 75.4 20. 72. Intermediate needle-like structure.
659. 520.
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f.
~ Residual stress,
~ ~
I-
.!!!
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
80 H 2. 31 in. (58. 7 mm) dia. 1000 22.0 0.2 32. 14. 5.3 (0. 6) 2427
1525 F ( 830 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 538 152. 220. 6 96. 5 36.5 (4. )
1155 F (625 C), 6h, furnace cool.
81 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm) dia. 1000 23.4 0.2 40. 22. 14. ( 6. 7) 3311
1750 F (955 C), 4h, oil quenched; 538 161. 275. 8 152. 96. 5 (46. )
1240 F (670 C), 4 h;
1100 F (595 C), 4 h.
83 u 5. 44 in. (138 mm) dia. 1050 19.2 0.2 32. 13. 8. ( 4.) 6.0 2500
1700 F (925 C), 7h, water quench; 566 132. 220. 6 90. 55. (28.) 41.
1210 F (655 C), 10 h;
1240 F ( 670 C ), 10 h;
1000 F ( 540 C ), lOh, furnace cool.
84 u 5. 44 in. (138 mm) dia. 1050 18.2 0.2 32. 18. 10. ( 3. O) 6.0 3600
1740 F (950 C), 4h, oil quenched; 566 125. 220.6 124. 69. (20. 7) 41.
1210 F ( 655 C ), 6 h, air cooled;
1250 F (675 C), 6 h, air cooled.
85 61 Soviet steel type "15CrlMoV". 1040 21. 3 12.5 10.3 8.3 400 Specimens 175 x 25 x 2 mm ( 6. 9 x
Pipe, 12. 8 in. (325 mm) dia. x 560 146. 9 86.2 71. 0 57.2 1 x 0. 08 in. ) tested in bending
2. 4 in. (60 mm) wall thickness. using IR-4N apparatus.
1040 8.5 3.9 3.3 3.0 400
Normalized 1904.:!:_18F (1040.:!:_lOC); 560 Residual stresses have been scaled
58.6 26.9 22.8 20.7
from a small published plot.
Tempered 1365 F ( 740 C ).
86 61 Material 85, prestrained cold to 1040 8.5 3.0 2.7 2.1 400 Same as for Material 85.
7% plastic tensile strain. 560 58.6 20. 7 18.6 14. 5
Cold
Worked 87 61 Material 85, prestrained cold to 1040 12.8 4.7 4.1 3. 1 400 Same as for Material 85.
11 % plastic tensile strain. 560 88.3 32. 4 32.4 21. 4
88 61 Material 85, prestrained cold to 1040 17.1 7.5 5.3 4.3 400 Same as for Material 85.
15% plastic tensile strain. 560 117. 9 51. 7 36. 5 29.6 ......
O>
"'
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
~ 0 .....
!?°
.8E ., aI? ti ] ~
.._ a'/.
-1
0
:I
c
;;;
I:!
:I
~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
.... N Cij
!. u.. (.,) t> ·- .._E I§·;;~
.g :;;...... :::!E
aE .g"'"' z ·--" z
N uj
~
N
>._.,.._E
a'/.
r::.'
0
~-
.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;:
~Q. :::!E
-"Z
"ir::. 'O
.. ..
l!l
:::!E 0
l!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al N p s
~
;
I- ~
r::.
D..
e
c:i :::!E
w
0 .,
-0
cc
89 61 0.15 0.48 0.34 1. 25 0.93 0.28 0.013 o. 015
90 R 0.48 0.48 0.62 1. 30 0.20 0.47 0.28 0.010 0.014 Room 132.5 113. 8 20. 53. Hardness: BHN 285.
913.6 785. 1000-h rupture strengths:
900 F ( 482 C): 66 ksi ( 455 MN/m 2 ).
1000F(538C):44ksi(303 MN/m 2 ).
91 46 0.23 0.43 o. 50 1. 35 0.30 1.18 0.28 o. 011 0.012 o. 015 0.014 Room 116. 105. -¢-21. 72.6 Grain size 6 to 7.
801. 724.
Room 117. 106.( 1921. ! 73. 6
805. 734.
932 93. 75. ~19.7 74.6
500 643. 519.
(a) 932 31. 4
500 216.8
932 31.4
500 216.8
-¢-%/5D.
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iE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a
~- .·
..2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
~
8. u. u -s0 ·c;;e
form and size, history of material. l.! ksi .:?
" "'~
c c. .....
MN/m 2
-;;; "Sl i' "' e .. z
sE "O-! strain, stress, stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment u ~"
·;:
s ~ t:
·~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 'i
"'
~ "'
0 "'
I-
"'
iii MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 iii
89 61 Material 85, prestrained cold to 1040 21. 3 8.8 7.3 5. 7 400 Same as for Material 85.
20% plastic tensile strain. 560 146. 9 60.7 50.3 39. 3
90 R Crane "Templex", Hot-rolled rod 900 0.18 43.0 28.8 26.5 (24. 4) 3171 Robinson step-down method.
3-13/16 in. (97 mm) dia. 482 296. 5 199. 183. (168.)
Commercial normalize at about
1000 0.18 41. G 22.9 15. 5 (10. 4) 3413
After 1725 F ( 940 C);
538 282. 7 158. 107. (72. )
Service Tempered at 1200 F ( 650 C) min. ;
13 years service at 850 F (455 C)
nominal steam temperature.
91 46 German DIN Steel 21CrMoV 5. 11. Tests by 15 laboratories, differ-
Commercial heat. entiated by lower-case letters.
0. 8 in. (20 mm) dia. bar.
Extensometers were zeroed at
1705 F ( 930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 1. 42 ksi (9. 8 MN/m2 ) = 0. 006%
1330 F ( 720 C ), 2 h, furnace cooled total strain at test temperature.
(a) 932 24.5 0.200 46. 95 41. 5 37.0 30. 5 18.2 13.9 2000 Heated to 932 F ( 500C) in 4 h;
500 169. 323.7 286.5 255.1 210.0 125.6 96.1 held 20 h; loading duration about
932 24.5 0.200 47. 25 42.7 38. 4 31. 6 18.1 14.2 2000 5 minutes.
500 169. 325. 7 294.3 264.9 217.8 124.6 98. 1 Photocell control of load reduction
(b) 932 24.1 0.206 48.3 41. 0 37.0 31. 4 Heated to 932 F (500 C) in 15 to 20
500 166. 333.1 282.5 255.1 216.3 hours; held 1 h; loading in about
15
5 minutes.
Labs 932 24.8 0.201 47.85 39.8 36.6 31. 2 19.7 15. 7 2000
Manual load reductions.
500 171. 329. 9 274.7 252. 6 214.E 135. 9 108.4
(c) 932 24.5 0.206 44.95 40. 8 39. 8 32.7 21. 8 16. 9 2000 Heated to 932 F (500C) in 25 h;
500 169. 310. 0 281. 5 274.7 225.6 150.1 116. 7 held 2 h; loaded in about 12 min.
932 21. 6 0.206 41. 25 39. 0 36. 7 32.9 20.9 15. 8 2000
Manual load reductions.
500 149. 284.5 268.8 253. 1 226.6 144.2 108. 9
(d) 932 23. 6 0.206 49. 95 45. 5 42. 1 34.0 24.1 19. 6 2000 Heated to 932 F(500C) in 5 h;
500 163. 344.3 313.9 290. 4 234.5 166.0 134.9 held 18 h.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
e· ..-
.8E
"c: ~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
aE
! Ll.
fi.
"'~ N
]
u :. ·- E ~·-NE
cJi
> ·- E
N
-*
0
.:
c:
*.,·
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ " E gt
"tJ,,2' ., .... z ·--" z
w w - 0 w -
~~z .2
0"'
!
"'
~
~
"' c v N p s
..
~
w
~
c:
~
::!: ~
c.
!!
::!: d ::!: ic:
0
-c.,
:::E 0 Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Al "'
I- 0.. iii cc
91 46 0.23 0.43 0.50 1. 35 0.30 1. 18 0.28 o. 011 0.012 o. 015 0.014
(e) 932 35. 6
500 245.2
932 40.6
500 279.6
(j}
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
l!!•
a~
..
:J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
form and size, history of material. "5 ·- N
ksi "
:J
""':; ., ... u °8 iS. E :!
~
c:
c. "' "' E<> z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Heat treatment E "' "'C
,!!"?:I "'
~"
!!l
"'
::E
~
"'
0
~
.."'
I-
u
·~
"'
ijj
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
ijj
91 46 ( Continuation).
(e) 932 22.8 0.200 45. 25 39. 4 35. 1 29.7 17.9 14.6 2000 Loaded in about 5 minutes.
500 ~57. 312.0 271. 7 242.3 205.0 123.6 101. 0 Photocell control of load reduction
932 25. 7 0.200 48, 1 40.8 39.8 28.9 15.4 11. 8 2000 Loaded in about 5 minutes.
500 1177. 331. 6 281. 5 274.2 199. 1 105.9 81. 4 Automatic mechanical load re-
duction.
(f) 932 24.2 0.200 46.2 43. 1 40.4 34.4 Loaded in about 16 minutes.
500 ll.67. 318.8 297.2 278. 6 237.4 Photocell control of load-reducing
relay.
932 24.2 0.200 46.8 43.0 39.0 33.4 22.2 17. ! 2000 Loaded in about 8 minutes.
500 tl.67. 322.7 296. 3 268.8 230. 5 153. 0 123. ( Photocell control of load-reducing
relay.
(g) 932 23.9 0.200 46.5 41. 6 36.9 31. 4 18. 1 14.4 2000 Loaded in about 10 minutes.
500 tl.65. 320.6 286.6 254. 5 216.2 124.5 99.4 Photocell control of load reduction.
932 24.5 0.200 46.7 41. 7 37.8 31. 3 18. 0 14.2 2000
500 tl.69. 322.2 287.4 260.4 215. 5 123.8 98. 1
932 24. 5 0.201 46.4 41. 0 36.6 31. 5 17.7 14. 1 2000
500 tl.69. 319.8 282.8 252. 3 217. 1 121. 8 97.2
(h) 932 24.2 0,200 46.5 43. 25 34.7 30. 0 16. 1 13. 2 2000 Loading duration about 3. 5 min.
500 tl.67. 320.5 298.2 239. 5 207.0 111. 3 91. 2 Manual load reduction.
932 25. 2 0,200 48.5 44.8 39.0 31. 8 17.3 13. 7 2000
500 tl.74. 334.2 309.0 268.9 219.4 119, 0 94.3
932 24.4 0.200 43.2 40. 3 34,5 29. 1 17.9 14. 6 2000 This last test held 96 h at 93 2 F
500 tl.68. 297.9 278. 1 238,0 200.7 123. 6 100.4 (500 C) before loading.
(i) 932 23. 5 0.200 47. 1 43.9 39. 2 32.7 18. 8 15, 2 2000 Loading duration about 50 minutes.
500 162. 324.5 302.8 270,4 225.6 129,8 105. 1 Manual load reduction.
932 22.2 0.200 44.4 40.8 38, 1 32, 5 19,7 15. 8 2000
500 tl.53. 305.9 281. 2 262.7 224,0 136. 0 108. 9
932 24. 1 0.200 45. 3 42. 1 38.6 32.7
500 ll66. 312.1 290.5 265,8 225.6
(j) 932 21. 8 0.201 43.7 41. 5 38. 1 32.4 21. 1 16.7 2000 Loading duration 27 to 28 minutes.
500 ll50. 301. 0 286.3 262.7 223.3 145. 2 114. 9 Electric-relay control of load
reduction.
932 22.6 0. 198 44.8 40.4 36. 1 30. 25 18.3
I Concluded next na"'" \ 500 n 56. l'.-109 0 278 7 1?.48 fl l?.08 fl 11?.!'i !l 1~~17~ 2000
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
e .... 0
] af! tIii ~
~
-.
E
::i
c:
.,
~
::i
Chemical composition, % by wt . 8. LI..
Eff e-cn~
(J
N
., .... z 0 .......
~
~·-NE >._ E
N
*.·=-5! *..~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ Sl ! °1:1 '1:1 ';i :E ·- .... z ~~z
~ 0
2! B :E ci :E ic: .,
i:i
"'
:E "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ~ ~ ~
"- w
0
a:
91 46 0.23 0.43 0.50 1. 35 0.30 1. 18 0.28 0. 011 o. 012 0.015 0.014
(k) 932 33.4
500 230. 2
932 37.2
500 256.5
932 37. 2
500 256. 5
92 y 0. 39 0.59 0.24 0.90 0.55 0.29 0.015 0.006 Room 133. 115. 20. 57.
917. 793.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
i!
..
..2
Residual stress,
s
~
:J
., form and size, history of material. ~ ~·~NE
Initial
ksi
Final
"
.:?
c: !:! !Ii""<..> E1a Z
E ., .,
:J MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
i; "'"'" strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
·;: 5l Heat treatment ai:s,, u ~ (!)
·~ •t;
l!l :!!
"'
::!! 0"' .,
t: ..!!!
w
% ksi 1
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
w
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
91 46 ( Conclusion ).
(k) 932 24. 1 0.200 46.8 42.7 38. 6 32.8 20. 2 16. 1 2000 Electric-relay control of load
500 166. 322.8 294.2 266. 5 225.9 138. 9 111. 2 reduction.
932 22.9 0.200 44.8 41. 7 38. 2 32.6 20. 5 16.4 2000
500 158. 309. 0 287.4 263. 6 224.8 141. 4 113. 4
932 23. 5 0.200 45.95 41. 7 37.8 32.6 20.4 16. 1 2000
500 162. 316.8 287.7 260. 3 224.8 140.6 111. 2
(l) 932 21. 9 0.200 40. 3 37.0 33.8 31. 4 20.5 17.7 2000 Photocell control of load-
500 151. 278. 1 254.9 233.3 216. 3 141. 4 122.1 reducing relay.
932 23. 5 0.200 46.2 41. 5 39.0 33.2 19.7 15. 9 2000
500 162. 318. 3 286.0 268.8 228.7 136. 0 109.7
(m) 932 24.5 o. 203 48.65 42.6 37.65 32.0 18. 1 14.8 2000 Electric relay control of load E::
0
500 169. 335. 4 293.6 259.6 220.9 125. 1 102.0 reduction. I
<:
932 24.7 0.202 48.6 42.6 38. 1 32.0 17.9 14.6 2000
500 170. 335. 0 293. 6 262.7 220.9 123.6 100.4
932 23.2 0. 204 47.2 40.1 36. 5 31. 4 18.4 14.6 2000
500 160. 325. 6 276.6 251. 9 216. 3 126.7 100.4
(n) 932 23. 1 0. 197 44.8 40.8 36.9 31. 6 18. 9 17. 5 2000 Loading time about 20 to 23 min.
500 159. 309. 0 281. 2 254. 6 217.9 130. 6 120.5 Electric-relay control of load
reduction.
932 26.7 0.200 51. 0 45.9 40.3 35.4 22.2 18.1 2000
500 184. 351. 5 316.7 278.1 244. 1 153. 0 124.9
(o) 932 23.5 0.200 45. 95 41. 45 37.9 32.9 20.3 16.6 2000 Loading time about 20. 5 to 21 min
500 162. 316. 8 285.8 261. 4 227.1 139.8 114.4 Manual load reduction.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
e· .-· c
!E ., .s ] -
<t
"'c: . ..
~ 'of'.
Chemical composition, % by wt . ~ .,...._ 0 'of'. .;
"
c: :::! 8. "- (.) ·- E ~0 ·-
~ . ,E
_ >.-! c:" e Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"iii
·;: "Si aEg'i ., ... z ·- ""z
-c -c ~ ::!; ~
~~z
~ ::!;
0
·;:;
'O"'
$ :i c: c.
::!;
0 "'c:"' .,
-c:i
"' c"'
::!; c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ii
I- i!. 0
a: w
0
cc
93 29 o. 36 o. 45 0.35 0.80 0.50 0.25 o. 035 o. 035 Room 115to 91. 4 "9-t3 Thermal expansion ( 20 to 500 C ) :
D.44 Q.7U max. r.T5 D.65 o.-35 max. max. 125 min. min. 13. 9 x 10 -• I deg. c
790to 630
860 min.
932 52.2 lnin.
500 360 m n.
1'·'°
to
0.50
0.30]
95 x Room 200.
1379.
I
96 x Room 130 m n.
896 m n.
97 x
99 x Hardness: RC 3 8 ;3 7.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!t
..8.
ii
. .-
-=~ Initial
Residual stress, ~
B
E ., form and size, history of material. ·- N
ksi
Final
.M
::I
c l! u.. tJ "8 a.~
MN/m 2 ~
.g uE'°$? z(.!:J strain,
c;; ::I
stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;:: 51 Heat treatment !!E .g
"'"' ·u
.. ..
!!
:E
!!
0
.,
';;;
I-
'i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
93 29 DIN 17006, Steel 40 CrMoV 46. 932 o. 2 *27. 1 (25. 2) (20. 0) 3000
1615 to 1705 F ( 880 to 930 C ), oil 500 187. (174.) (138.)
pr air cool;
1240 to 1345 F ( 670 to 730 C ), oil
pr air cool.
Sh
94 x AMS 6304. 720 0.3 87.0 82.5 80. 56.5 50 Automatic relaxation machine.
Bolt, with 3/8 in. -24 threads for 382 599.8 569. 552. 390. Data have been scaled from a plot.
the full shank ( 9. 5 mm).
720 0.3 87.0 76. 75. 60. 50
382 599.8 524. 517. 414.
95 x AMS 6304. 900 62.1 46,7 45.2 45 Data have been scaled from a plot.
(')
EWB 5/16-24 bolt with hex nut 482 428.2 322. 312. '1
I
(7.9 mm).
Quenched + tempered. 900 45.1 38. 4 37.7 45 ~
0
482 311. 0 265. 260. I
<
96 x Fastener 950 45. "23. 5 15. 9 Data have been scaled from a plot.
Bolt 510 310. 3 162. 110.
Tests 97 x AMS 6304,3/8 in. -24 stud(9. 5mm). Automatic relaxation machine.
Rolled thread: 950 45. 31. 12.7 800 Data have been scaled from a plot.
510 310. 3 214. 88.
•500 h "50 h
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University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
Cr-Mo-V Steels
...
~
., ~
e!. f;.
"'5i ~ -* 0
<t
*.,·
E
::J
c:.
;;;
·;:
$
"'
::!
::J
~
B
"'
Chemical composition, % by wt .
E
$
I!
t:
"O "O
N
8. .... (.) ~·;;;!
0 .. -
en
~·-NE >._ E
..
Z' i' ., ... z ·- ... z ~ .><Z
'Sc:.i == ~Q. == ci :!!:
-
N
c:.'
0
"ic:. 0
~
"'
.,
i:i
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
101 y o. 39 0.60 o. 35 0.92 0.49 0.30 0.010 0.010 Room 144. 5 114.5 20. 60.
996. 789.
1102 H o. 31 0.76 0.24 0. 93 0.55 0.30 Room 139. 4 119. 9 22. 65. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
961. 827. 1000 F( 538C ): 8. 5 ksi ( 58. 6 MN/m 2 ).
11.03 B 0.43 0.88 0.51 0.30 Room 130. 4 116. 9 21. 62. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
899. 806. 900F(482C): 20ksi (138 MN/m• ).
*Nominal composition.
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e·
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ll
~
::i
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
::i
c: "'~ form and size, history of material.
8."' u.. u 48E"'s. ..ez
:; ·- N
ksi "
.!!!
....·;: ::i MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
strain, stress, time,
~ Heat treatment sE {l"'"' ~ u ~CJ ·c:;
2! l!! ... ·~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
"'
::!! "'
0
~
"'
I- w"' MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
10( F Hot-rolled bar, 7/8 in. (22 mm) dia. 1000 23.0 o. 13 29.9 22.6 18.8 (15. 5) 960
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ). 538 158.6 206. 2 156. 130. (107.)
Same specimen, reloaded 1000 0.13 30.0 23.0 17. 2 (11. 5) 5016
again: 538 208.2 159. 119. (79. )
101 y 1 in. (25 mm) diameter 950 32.6 14.2 10. 3 6.8 2358
510 224.8 97.9 71. 47.
102 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm) diameter. 1000 23.6 0.2 40.0 21. 12. 5 ( 6.0 3312 (')
'1
1650 F ( 900 C ), 11. 5 h, oil quench; 538 163. 275.8 145. 86. (41. )
1200 F (650 C), 17 h;
1030 F (555 C), 14 h.
103 B 1 in. (25 mm). 900 27.0 44. 19.0 11. 7 13' 579
1650 F ( 900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 482 186. 303. 4 131. 81.
1225 F ( 665 C ), 8 h;
1155 F (625 C), 4 h.
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
... .....
.8E .,
!.
a..
£
~ ] -
Cl
'ot
*-
CXl
0
c
:J
7i
·;:
.. ..
!
~
:J
51
:!
Chemical composition, % by wt.
t1~
E
!!
.,
:;:
5i
~ ·-..
,,,_E 7ia ·iii~
., ..... z ·-
"'O ~
c
N
:::;:
... z
~
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N
Cl)
>._
..
~ -"Z
E
:::;: ci :::;:
- "i
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c·
0
c
f.
..
0
.
,;
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:::;: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s I- ~
~
e 0
w a:
~05 96 •lo. 21 1. 4 1.1 0.3J Room 99.6
687.
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jj Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~:!"
i!
..
:::J
Residual stress,
~
~
E
:::J
., form and size, history of material. l!
-g !.!
:; ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
~
c: !:! 8. "- (.J
MN/m 2
Em z ~
~
:::J
S! Heat treatment sE "Oi' f u ~CJ
strain, stress, stress. time,
:!it;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
..
s ~
0
.,
';;;
I-
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
500
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
w
10~ 96 German DIN steel 21CrMoV5. 11 662 42.4 40.6 39.5 39.1 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 292. 3 280. 272. 270. determined using rings with
"Heat treated". uniform cross section.
662 35.3 33.9 33.3 32.9 2700
350 243.4 234. 230. 227.
662 28.7 27.8 27.6 27. 6 2700
350 197.9 192. 190. 190.
842 43.5 36. 0 34. 0 32.6 2700
450 300.0 248. 234. 225.
842 35. 8 29. 8 28.5 27.3 2700
450 246.8 205.5 196.5 188.
842 28.7 24.6 24.2 23.2 2700
450 197.9 170. 167. 160.
932 43.6 30. 6 25. 9 21. 2 2700
500 300. 6 211. 179. 146.
932 36.4 27. 1 23. 5 19.4 2700
500 251. 0 187. 162. 134.
932 28.9 23.6 21. 5 18.6 2700
500 199.3 163. 148. 128.
1022 41. 5 24.9 17.6 11.1 2700
550 286.1 172. 121. 76. 5
1022 37.0 21. 4 13.2 8. 2 2700
550 255.1 147.5 91. 56.5
1022 28.6 17.6 11. 6 7. 5 2700
550 197.2 121. 80. 52.
~06 32 German DIN Steel 21CrMoV5. 11 797 25. 2 0.18 32.0 Tests of bolt specimens in a block.
1650 to 1740 F ( 900 to 950 C ), 425 174. 221. Relaxation data have been scaled
Bolt oil quenched or air cooled; from a plot of residual stress vs.
Tests 896 24.3 0.18 15. 1 10.0 ~o. ooc
1255 to 1365 F ( 680 to 740C ). temperature.
480 168. 104. 68.6
1004 23.2 0.18 4.0 0.7 20,00(
540 160. 27.5 4.9
....
....
00
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
.8E ., e·
j3 t5i
..
]
Cl
..i-
-...
*f.
-
...
OJ
:I
c
c;;
·.:
~
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~
Chemical composition, % by wt. I!
....
8_ LL(.) ::; ·- E CO
!l "C "C :;;
N N
-... g "in~
E if 2' ., .... z ·- .... z N-"Z
>._ *c·
u)
E
N
*"'-... "i0 ..
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:!E ~
..
!l
:!E
~
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al p s ii
I-
c
{!.
Cl.
...2
:!E 0 :!E
w
c
0 .,
..;
a:
07 H 0.41 0.69 o. 21 0.96 0.13 0.51 0.31 0.005 0.020 0.009 Room 141. 4 126. 20. 62. Stress for O. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
975. 869. 1000 F( 538 C ): 11 ksi ( 75. 8 MN/m 2 ).
~08 H 0.41 0.55 0.29 0.99 0.15 o. 58 o. 31 0.012 0.016 Room 124.9 107.9 21. 64. stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
861. 744. 1000 F(538C ): 6.6 ksi ( 45. 5 MN/m 2 ).
09 :H 0.41 0.55 0.29 0.99 0.15 o. 58 0.31 0.012 0.016 Room 152.4 124.9 20. 60. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
1051. 861. lOOOF( 538C ): 15. 8 ksi ( 109 MN/m 2 ).
10 H 0.45 0.67 o. 35 0.90 0.54 0.31 o. 034 o. 035 Room 121. 9 107.2 24. 66. Stress for 0. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
840.5 739. 900F(482C): 27.Sksi (192 MN/m 2 ).
lOOOF( 538C ): 7. 6 ksi (52. 4 MN/m 2 ).
11 u 0.44 0.69 0.29 0.95 0.54 o. 31 0.016 0.008 Room 135. 111. 18. 48.
931. 765.
12 H o. 37 0.66 0.27 0.80 0.10 0.49 o. 32 0.005 0.020 0.010 Room 139. 9 122. 18. 60. Charpy V-notch im%act: 34 ft. lb. (46 Joulei
965. 841. Stress for O. 00001 /h sec. creep rate at
1000 F( 538C ): 7.4 ksi (51 MN/m 2 ).
113 43 0.47 0.55 0.29 0.94 0.29 0.51 o. 32 0.006 0.008 o. 011 Room 138. 1 *us. 16. 43. Charpy impact strength at room temp.
952. 814. 12. 5 ft. lb. ( 17 Joules).
11~ H o. 37 0.66 0.27 0.80 0.10 0.49 0.32 0.005 0.020 0.010 Room 137. 136.7 22. 63.
Stress for O. 00001 %/h sec. creep rate at
944.6 942.5
1000F(538C): 5.6ksi (38.6 MN/m 2 ).
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.8E ~ .. Residual stress,
:I
c:
.,u Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..
.3
8. LL. (.)
..2
.g0 NE
";ii
c._
Initial
ksi
Final B
u
:?
~
Oi
Sl Heat treatment
., .,
aE -c'""'"
-c u~
E .. z
C.!1 strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress. time, ~
·;;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. ..
l!l ~ "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·s..
~ 0 ii
I- jjj MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
107 H 2. 31 in. (58. 7 mm) diameter. 1000 17.2 0.2 32. 21. 14. ( 6. 6) 3633
1650 F ( 900 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 538 119. 220.6 145. 96.5 (41. 1)
1240 F ( 670C ), 8 h;
1140 F (615C ), 4 h.
108 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm) diameter. 1000 20.0 0.21 30. 17. 10. 5 ( 3. 2) 3354
1650 F ( 900 C ), 5 h, oil quenched; 538 138. 206.8 117. 72. 4 (22. )
1240 F ( 670 C ), 12 h;
1100 F ( 595 C ), 5 h.
109 H 3-1/16 in. (78 mm ) diameter. 1000 20.9 0.2 39. 27. 19.5 (11. 0) 3097
1750 F ( 955 C ), 4 h, oil quenched; 538 144. 268.9 186. 134. 5 (76. )
1240 F(670C), 4.5h;
1100 F(595C), 4.5h.
110 H 2-3/8 in. (60 mm) diameter. 900 24.4 0.2 45. 0 35. 29. ( 23.) 2861
1655 F ( 900 C), 8 h, oil quenched; 482 168. 310. 3 241. 200. (159,)
1250 F ( 675 C), 4 h, air cooled.
1000 19.8 0.2 30. 0 17. 5 10. ( 4. 5) 2219
538 136. 5 206.8 121. 69. (31. )
111 u 2 in. (51 mm) test ring. 950 24.4 0.2 40. 35 29. ( 21.) 26. 2416
1825 F ( 995C ), 10 h, oil quenched; 510 168. 275.8 241. 200. (145.) 179.
1250 F (675C), 12 h.
11~ H 3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 1000 19.8 0.2 37. 0 17. 9.2 ~ 3. 6) 3096
1650 F ( 900 C ), 4 h, air cooled; 538 136. 5 255.1 117. 63.4 (25. )
1200 F ( 650 C), 8 h, furnace cooled.
113 43 Bar stock. 950 0. 147 34.0 21. 5 17. 5 1000 Automatic relaxation machine.
1750 F ( 955 C ), oil quenched; 510 234.4 148. 121.
1260 F ( 680 C ), 6 h;
1160 F (625 C), 6 h. 950 0. 147 34.0 28.5 28.0 1000 1.33
510 234.4 196. 5 193.
1050 0. 18 34. 8 15. 6 (12. 3 400
566 239. 9 107.6 (84. 8
114 H 3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 1000 16.4 0.2 28.0 14. 5 7.6 3. O) 3632
1650 F ( 900 C ), 4 h, water quench; 538 113. 193.1 100. 52.4 21. )
1250 F (675 C ), 9 h;
1 mo 1i' 1 R?~ r \ 4 h
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
!E ., e·
af! tii
.... !
..
_ >·-. -
N en N -*
0
~
*f.
-""
00
:J
c:.
ii
!::?
:J
ii!
Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. u..
!E .g .g
"'"'
(.J
l:l ·- E ~·-NE
0 .. _
"' ... z ·- ... z ...,z~
E r::.'
0 .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;:
..
l!l 'iii ::!: ~ ::!: ci ::!: 'i 0
*
c:. c. c:. -0
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s .....ii ~ ...e 0
w cc"'
lH F 0.40 o. 54 0.27 0.90 0.55 0.34 Room 141. 2 125. 1 20. 60. Stress for O. 00001%/h sec. creep rate at
973. 5 862. 5 1000 F( 538 C ): 13 ksi ( 90 MN/m• ).
11"1 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1. 24 0.26 1. 09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Room 117. 8 102. 6 '9-21.4 70. 5 Nut hardness: 255 HV 30.
812. 707. Nut strength at 896 F ( 480 C ) :
Room 120.6 110. 1¢-16. 8 73,5 Tensile str. :87. 8 ksi (605 MN/m 2 ).
• 0. 20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0.009 832. 761. O. 2% Offset Y. S.: 71. 5 ksi ( 493 MN/m 2 )
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a
~- .
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
::i
"'~ form and size, history of material. I! .g0 .;ic._
"'e ksi "'
.J!!
c 8. u.. CJ
MN/m 2
o; ::i Em z stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: i Heat treatment E "'"' (,)~
l!l~~ C!J strain, stress,
:g
~
"'
:E
!!
c"'
.
~
QI
I-
·~
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h :a
w
115 F 7 /8 in. (22 mm). 1000 23. 0 30.0 14. ( 9. 3 2640
1650 F ( 900 C ), oil quenched; 538 158. 6 206.8 96.5 (64.
1225 F ( 665 C ), drawn.
lH 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21 Cr Mo V 5. 11 932 0.262 62.7 55.0 50.2 43.8 Automatic relaxation machine.
1705 F ( 930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 500 432.5 379.5 346. 302. Extension measured between
1345 F ( 730 C ), 2 h, air cooled. knife-edge ridges around the ends
of the specimen gage section.
~11 118 DIN 17 006, steel 21CrMoV5.11 896 0.196 37. 55 35. 0 32.0 29.0 25. 6
Same material as No. 116, above. 480 258. 9 241. 221. 200. 176.5 Automatic relaxation machine.
1705 F ( 930 C ), lh, oil quenched; Tested as a double-threaded bolt;
134 5 F ( 730 C), 2 h, air cooled. 896 0.196 37.55 35.3 33.3 31. 0 24.9 Nut height = thread diameter.
Nuts: DIN 17 006, Steel 25CrMo 4. 480 258. 9 243. 229.5 214. 172. Gage section 4, 13 in. (105 mm)
neat treatment of nuts: 192 5 F 932 0.340 62.7 54. 5 49. 41. 29. long x 0. 33 in. (8. 5 mm) diameter.
(1050 C ), air cooled. 500 432.5 376. 336. 283. 200.
Bolt
Tests ~H 118 DIN 17 006, steel 21CrMoV5. 11 662 *83. 70. Test length 4. 13 in. (105 mm).
Same material as No. 116, above. 350 574. 481. Nut height = thread diameter.
1705 F ( 930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched;
662 *40.5 38.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 2 h, air cooled.
350 279.5 260.
M 12 bolts/ DIN 2510. 662 0.296 56.3 50.
350 388.3 343.
Nuts: DIN 17 006, steel 25 Cr Mo 4.
Heat treatment of nuts: 192 5 F 662 0.184 37.6 35. 4 34.6 33.0 30.6
( 1050 C ), air cooled. 350 258. 9 244. 238. 227.5 211.
752 *62.6 52.
400 431. 5 358.
752 0.250 50.5 41.
400 348. 284.
752 40.5 33.
400 279.5 226.
842 *62.6 43.
450 431. 5 294. ....
(Concluded on next page.) 00
<11
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
.... a ...
.!E .a•£ ii
.... _ ~ -
~
~
O>
"'
.. - i
.. ui .. ~
~-
~
::J
c
Cl>
~
::J
51
Chemical composition, % by wt. I'!! u..u
!.
~ ·- E 1 ·-NE
"' "' ., ... z ·-0 ..... -z
>._
~ .,.z
E c·
0 .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ ..
l!!
E "Cl
!! "'"'
"Cl
~
c
::E 5 ::E ci ::E
c
0
-c
::E a c Mn Cr Ni Mo v p s i ~ B- 0 Cl>
a:
Si I- it: w
11! 118 0. 20 0.35 0. 35 1. 24 o. 26 1. 09 0.34 o. 018 0.008
lH 118 0.20 0. 35 0.38 1. 24 0.26 1. 09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Room 150. 6 145. -¢-13. 67.
1039. 998.
896 113. 8 104. -¢J.0.3 73.
480 784.3 714.
*'{o. 20 0.60 0. 33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.22 0.023 0.009
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!!•
~
..
.2
Residual stress,
£
~
., f! -6 ·u; NE
Initial Final
"
..
form and size, history of material. ksi .:?
"c: I:! 8. u.. u
., .,
0 c.-.
E .. z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: "~ Heat treatment E "'"''
s-c "'C u ~CJ
strain, stress, stress, time, ·c:;
~ :! •t: -~
"' Cl"'
:ii
.,
t:
w"'
% ksi 1
h
10
h
100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
w
I- MN/m 2 h h h MN/m 2
11a 118 ( Conclusion )_ 842 o_ 255 50.4 36.
450 347_ 251.
842 •43_ 33.
450 299. 226.
842 o_ 190 37.6 35.0 32.7 30. 9 28.3
450 258.9 241. 226. 213. 195.
896 *71. 44.
480 490. 304.
896 *50. 38.
480 343_ 260.
(')
896 •30_ 26. ....
480 265. 177.
932 *63. 29.
Bolt 500 436. 198.
Tests 932 *63. 23. 5
500 436. 162.
932 0.258 47.2 23.8
500 326. 164.
932 0. 204 37.6 33.8 31. 3 27.9 19.2
500 259. 233. 216. 192. 132.
932 *28.5 16.
500 196. 108.
1022 0.219 37.6 31. 0 25.6 15. 2 7.6 500
550 259. 214. 177. 105. 52. 5
1112 0.247 37.6 16.8 10. 2 4.8
600 259. 116. 71. 33.3
H 118 DIN 17 006, steel 21CrMoV5. 11 896 0. 196 37.6 35. 3 33. 1 30.6 26.3 Automatic relaxation machine.
1705 F ( 930 C ), lh, oil quenched; 480 259. 243. 228. 5 211. 181. Test of stud, with nut height =
1255 F ( 680 C ), 2 h, air cooled. thread diameter.
Gage section 4. 13 in. (105 mm)
Nuts: Same as with Material 11 7,
above.
long x 0. 33 in. (8. 5 mm) diameter.
-
_,
00
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
e· .,,,. ... 0
.....
CX>
.!iE aI! t;, ] .qo
.._ ;ii! CX>
~ u) N ;ii! ...f!
..
Cl) N
Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. .... CJ ~·;;~ ~·-NE
::J
~ >._ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
ii
·.:
::J
Si !E z ·-
.gCD .g"' ~"'"' :::!!
0 .. .._
5 "'z:::!!
E
~ -"Z.. -- c·
0
'ic 0
..
l!l
:::!!
~
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb Ti p s ;
t-
:&
t-
c.
e
~
ci :::!!
w
0
-.;
Cl)
a:
120 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1. 24 0.26 1. 09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Room 110. 7 103. ~8.~ 74.
763. 707.
896 87.8 72. 1913.S 76.8
480 605. 496.
*{o. 20 0.60 o. 33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0.009
121 118 0.20 0.35 0.38 1. 24 0.26 1. 09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Nut hardness: 265 HV30.
*{O· 20 0.60 0. 33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0.008 896 85. 6 78.9
480 590. 544.
l22 118 0.20 o. 35 0, 38 1. 24 0.26 1. 09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Nut hardness: 225 HV30.
*{o. 20 0.60 0.33 0.97 0.09 0.22 0.023 0.009 896 69.4 58.}
480 479. 402.
123 118 0.20 0. 35 o. 38 1. 24 0.26 1. 09 0.34 0.018 0.008 Nut hardness: 270 HV 30.
l24 118 0.20 0. 35 0. 38 1. 24 0.26 1. 09 o. 34 0.018 0.008 Austenitic nut; hardness 150 HV30.
~'{O. 09 1. 27 0.46 16.22 16.24 1. 35 0.68 0.07 0.024 0,007 896 72.2 23.9
B 480 498. 165.
0.065
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!•
af!
..·
-=
Residual stress,
~
~
.... -g s.
ksi ~
:l
c !:! 8. ... u ~
:l
E "' CD E., z MN/m 2 ?' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ s Heat treatment !:? "C "C u ~ C!J strain,
stress, stress, time, ·;:;
~ ~ ;i "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 'i
w
~ Q
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
120 118 DIN 17 006, steel 21CrMoV5. 11 896 0.196 37.6 35.1 32.3 29.6 25.0 Automatic relaxation machine.
1705 F ( 930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 480 259. 242. 223. 204. 173. Test of stud, with nut height =
1380 F ( 750 C ), 2 h, air cooled. thread diameter.
Nuts: Same as with Material 117. Gage section 4. 13 in (105 mm)
long x 0. 33 in. (8. 5 mm) diameter.
121 118 DIN 17 006, steel 21CrMoV5. 11 896 0.196 37.6 34. 1 31. 0 27.7 24.2
1705 F ( 930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 480 259. 235. 214. 191. 167. Same as for Material 120.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 2 h, air cooled.
Nuts: DIN 17006, steel 25CrMo4.
1560F(850C), lOmin., water quenc h;
1100 F ( 600 C ), 2 h.
122 118 DIN 17 006, Steel 21CrMoV5. 11 896 0.196 37.6 34.7 32.9 29.4 25.1 Same as for Material 120.
1705 F ( 930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 480 259. 239. 226.5 203. 173.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 2 h, air cooled.
Nuts: DIN 17006, steel 25CrMo4.
Bolt 1650 F ( 900 C ), 1/2 h, oil quenched;
Tests 1255 F ( 680 C), 2 h.
~23 118 DIN 17 006, steel 21CrMoV5. 11 896 0.196 37.6 35. 3 33.4 31. 0 27.0 Same as for Material 120,
1705 F ( 930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 480 259. 243. 230.5 214. 186.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 2 h, air cooled.
Nuts: Same material and heat 896 0.196 37.6 35.6 33.6 31. 4
treatment as the bolt. 480 259. 245. 231. 217.
~24 118 DIN 17 006, steel 21CrMoV5. 11 896 0.196 37.6 35. 7 34.4 33. 1 30.9 Same as for Material 120.
1705 F (930 C ), 1 h, oil quenched; 480 259. 246. 237. 228.5 213.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 2 h, air cooled.
Nuts: DIN 17 006, steel designation
X8CrN1MoBNb 1616.
2100 F(l150C), lh, air cooled;
1380 F ( 750 C ), 2 h, air cooled.
12~ 57 1740 F ( 950 C), furnace cooled; 752 49. 39. 5 34.3 5000 Block method.
133 5 F ( 72 5 C ) , furnace cooled. 400 338. 272. 236. Data have been scaled from a plot
of stress vs. time.
752 53.3 48. 2 46.2 5000
400 367. 332. 319.
932
500
50.5
348.
35. 7
246.
27.7 5000
191. -
O:>
<O
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
.8E
f.
af tIii
.;
]
en -*"'
0
*:if
-
"'
0
"c "'::?
.. -:::!:
Chemical composition, % by wt. N i'ij N
!. .... u e·w! g ·w! >._ E N
c"
:a
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
i'ii"~ sE .g"'"' .,_,. z
.g :;; :::!: ·- _,. z ~ ..><Z .5!
·;:
~ :::!: ~ 'O
$
. ..
:::!:
!I
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s .,
1;;
..... ~
c c.
....e
0
c
0
w
-c
er:"'
126 57 o. 25 0. 75 o. 35 1. 7 o. 25 0.48 0.37 0.019 0.008
127 92 0.20 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.04 0.04 Room 98.6 85.2 15.
max. o.g ~ TI r.u TI max. max. 680. 587. min.
min. min.
128 59 0.22 0.50 o. 17 2. 1 0.9 0.3 o. 030 o. 030 Hardness: BHN 302 to 311.
Q.31l ~ Q.3'7 2.5 r.r TI max. max. 1000-h Rupture strength at 1076 F ( 580 C ) :
39 ksi (269 MN/m2 ).
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f. ..·
::l
Residual stress, ~
su
., form and size, history of material. ~ :; ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
::l
c: ~
::l
8. u..., u., "8E"'s. !z MN/m 2
.!!
~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Sl Heat treatment E "'"'
s-o ·~~ C!J
strain, stress, stress, time, ·c:;
. c..
:i
:!!
!! ...;;
I-
"'O
w
16 % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h 'i
w
12€ 57 1920 F (1050C), air cooled; 752 52.5 47.5 45. 5 5000 Block method. Data have been
1335 F (725 C ), air cooled. 400 362. 328. 314. scaled from a plot of stress vs.
time.
127 92 Forging. 1022 35. 4 30. 5 26. 5 50
550 224.1 210. 183.
1112 30.45 20. 5 16.7 50
600 209. 9 141. 3 115.
1202 27.8 16.9 12.7 50
650 191. 7 116. 5 87.6
12a 59 Soviet alloy EI 723. 1076 71.1 37.5 29. 26. 216 Soviet UIM- 5 tester.
580 490.2 259. 200. 179. Results have been scaled from a ...,()
plot of stress vs. time.
1076 56.9 35. 26.
580 392.3 241. 179.
129 58 Soviet alloy EI 723. 1076 28.45 14.9 9.0 500 Oding uniform-moment ring;
580 196.2 103. 62. bending.
Results have been scaled from a
1076 42.67 20.5 13.0 500 plot of stress vs. time.
580 294.2 141. 90.
l30 13 Soviet alloy EI 723 (25Kh2M1F). 995 43.5 (23. 2) ~14. 5) "Typical values".
1905 F (1040 C), air cooled; 535 300. 160.) KlOO.)
1760 F ( 960 C ), air cooled;
1200 to 1255 F (650 to 680C), 6 h. 1022 43. 5 20.3) 10. 1)
550 300. 140.) '70. )
l31 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 5. 4 Ring specimens in IR-1 stand;
Casting. 580 294. 2 37.3 bending.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F (730 C ), 5 h.
132 111 Material 131, forged. 1076 42.7 6. 1 Ring specimens in IR-1 stand;
1885 F ( 1030 C ) , air cooled; 580 294. 2 42.2 bending.
1345F(730C), 5h.
l33 111 330 lb ( 150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 3.4 Ring specimens in IR-1 stand;
Forged.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C) 5h.
580 294.2 23.5 bending.
--
co
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
.; co:l'
]
E
"'
r::.
.
~
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!.
al!
8. .... (.)
of;.
"'iii N
~·;;;! ~·-NE
]
0 .. _ >,_ E
~ N
-*
r::.·
"#.
.. c5..
!! :a ::!: ~
N-"Z
'ir::. 0
!!
::!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s i
I- ~ ...~
::!: d ::!:
w
0 .
"Ci
a:
1134 111 0. 25 1. 25 1. 07 0. 57
.
I
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j
E
::I
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
!!!' .·
::I
134 111 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 10.0 Ring specimens, tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 69. stand; bending.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F (730 C ), 5 h.
13" 111 Material 134, forged. 1076 42.7 8. 1 Ring specimens, tested in IR-1
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 56. stand; bending.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 5 h.
136 116 932 0.52 92. 5 71. 62. 54. 48 Results have been scaled from a
500 637. 490. 429. 5 374. plot.
OU quenched + tempered.
1000 32. 5 22.4 18.0 (12. 5) ~I
538 224.l 154. 124. (86. 2)
<
1022 31. 4 22.0 17. 5 (11. 4)
550 216.5 152. 121. (78. 6)
1050 29.7 20.5 15. 9
566 204.8 141. 110.
1100 24.2 26.9 17.7 12.8
593 166.9 185. 5 122. 88.
1150 19.8 11. 4 5. 5
621 136. 5 78.6 37.9
~3S 0 Forging, 2 x 22 in. (50 x 560 mm). 1000 0.16 33.7 27.5 23.0 (18. 0) 2033
538 232.3 190. 159. (124.)
1800 F ( 980 C ), air cooled;
1050 0.16 28. 0 22. 18. 5 (15. ) 1708
1225 F (665 C ), 6 h, air cooled;
1200 F ( 650 C ), 6 h, air cooled; 566 193. 0 152. 128. (103.)
1225 F (665 C), 6 h, air cooled. 1100 0.16 25. 0 18. 5 11. 5 ( 6. ) 1322
593 172.4 128. 79. (41. )
13g 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 8.1 Ring specimens, tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 56. stand; bending.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F (730 C), 5 h.
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Cr-Mo-V Steels
-8E ., e
a~
~-
~
~
0
'<t
.....
Iii"'
*.!2 *...
..
N uj N
Chemical composition, % by wt. ~·-NE
::I
r::. :;" g_ ....
u
E g' i' ~--~ 0 .......
., .... z ·--"
>._.......E r::." ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ fi $ "O "O z ~ ..><Z 0
:;; ~ ci
.. ..
!!
~
!!
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s
~
;;
.....
r::.
~
~ -g
0.
e
Q.
~ ir::.
w
0 .,
-c:i
cc
14( 111 0.26 2. 52 0.96 0.77
141 s 0. 31 0.84 0.65 1. 55 0.51 0.79 o. 011 0.007 1100 17. 5 tp Hardness: RC 26 to 32.
22.5
593 121 to
155
143 R 0.26 0.60 0.66 1. 44 0. 31 0.55 0.84 0.018 0.012 Room 162.7 147.5 17. 55. Hardness: BHN 311.
1122. 1017. 1000-h rupture strength at 1000 F ( 538 C):
1000 112. 7 102. 17. 66. 60 ksi ( 414 MN/m 2 ).
538 777. 703.
1100 97.2 90. 24. 70.
593 670. 621.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
;:!
..
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
~
141 s Bar stock. 1100 0.393 60.0 35. 22.5 11. 5 3. 940
593 413.7 241. 155. 79. 21.
1850 F ( 1010 C ), 1 h, air cooled;
1200 F ( 650 C ), 6 h. 1100 o. 124 25. 0 19.5 14. 5 9.0 4. 1050
593 172.4 134. 100. 62. 28.
.
142 0 3 in. (76 mm) diameter. 1000 0.15 31. 0 25. 5 19.8 (12. 5) 2863
538 213.7 176. 136. 5 (86. )
1800 F ( 980 C ), air cooled;
1200 F ( 650 C ), 6 h, air cooled. 1100 0.10 20.0 11. 4.6 ( 2. 0) 1561 .,
()
45 111 330 lb (150 kg} laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 7.3 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 50. stand; bending.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F ( 730 C ), 5 h.
46 111 Material 145, forged. 1076 42.7 14.2 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 98. stand; bending.
1345 F (730 C), 5 h.
141 111 330 lb ( 150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 15. 6 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 108. stand; bending.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345 F ( 730 C ), 5 h.
I
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
.!E .,
!.
aE ~
t ... ~
....
~
c'<I'
....
?fl. ...
?fl.
-
co
""
:I
r::.
Oi
!:!
:I
!i
Chemical composition, % by wt . !. u.. ~·;;! ~ ·- 'E
E .g
B "'"'
(.J
0 ......
.g :;;., ... z~ ·- ... z
>._ E
N
......
~ .><Z
r::."
.5!
0
..
f Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"j ~ ~
.. c..
~
l!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ...ii ~ ~
...
0 ~
w
&
r::.
0 .,
,;
a:
1148 111 0.23 1. 03 0.96 0.88
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
f. .
..2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·=.,
w
14€ 111 Material 147, forged. 1076 42.7 18.8 Ring specimen, tested in IR-1
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled; 580 294. 2 129. 5 stand; bending.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 5 h.
14S 30 1.12 in. (28. 5 mm) diameter bar. 950 25. 3 38.10 31. 2 26.0
510 174.4 262.7 215. 179.
1922 F ( 1050 C ), oil quenched;
1292 F (700 C), 9 h 1000 24.8 33.36 23. 5 18. 6
538 171. 0 230. 0 162. 128.
1050 24.6 29.67 20.5 15.9
566 169.6 204. 6 141. 110.
1100 24.2 26.88 17.8 12.9 (")
593 166.8 185. 3 123. 89. ....
I
~50 65 Soviet steel 20 KhlMlFl 1049 35. 6 26.0 22.5 16. 8 500
565 245.4 179. 155. 116.
~51 14 Soviet steel 20Kh3MF 932 0.100 16.6 14.6 14.2 3000 Tension specimens.
500 115. 101. 98.
932 0.150 24.9 22.1 21. 3 3000
500 172. 152. 147.
932 0.175 28.4 25.6 25. 6 3000
500 196. 177. 177.
152 14 Soviet steel 20Kh3MF 932 0.100 17. 5 16.4 15.2 3000 Ring specimens; bending.
500 121. 113. 105.
932 0.150 26.0 24.2 22.8 3000
o;nn .,.,n 1 ,,,.,
--
1 ""
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198 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
.
~
20
"'
"' 20 "' •• ~ .
"ii • "ii
:I • "' :I
"ti
·;;;
Ill
• 100 . 100
"ti
·;;;
Ill
~
"' "' ~
10 "' 10 .
•
"'
0
500°C 600
0 0
spo . 6,00°c
0
900 1000 1100 1200 900 1000 1100 1200
Temperature, 0 f Temperature, 0 f
1 1
3 3
3 3 3 3
5 3 4
5
5 3
40
1000 10,000
Hours Hours
N
30 • • 200
30
200 ~
z
::E
.
oft .
oft
• ~.
~. 20
•
. 20
g
:I
"'
••• "'
100
.• 100
"ti
·;;;
~
Ill
10 "' 10
"'
•
0
500°C 600
I
0 0 .
500
1000
600°C
I
1100 1200
0
900 1000 1100 1200 900
Temperature, 0 f Temperature, 0 f
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Cr - Mo- V &'TEELS 199
Cr - Mo -V Steels
Initial stress 30 to 40 ksi
53
138
57
42 54
71
109 142
149
42 71
10 72
44 51
51
115 40
107 5281
102
78 69
108 73
110
112
BO
82
25
I
0
0
•
0 • -1 50
20
0
I
0
• 0
0 0
•
0
'iii
~ 0
• z
vi' 15
. 0
0
- 100 ::e
-
VI
...Cll ~ •• vi
VI
-
VI
• 0
...
Cll
VI
• 0
0
• • .,, ::>
'iii
• Cll
- 50 Cll:
5 •
•
1000 Hours o Normalized + Tampered
I
• Quenched + Tampered
977 to 1022 °F
9qoc 1opoc
0 I I I I 0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Austenitizing temperature, f 0
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Cr - Mo -V Steels (0.15 to 0.25% Total Strain). Quenched + Tempered ~
0
0
1 Hour
300
0 10 Hours - 300 z
0
"':I
40 0
40 - Cf.)
-'l
0 0 ::0
ti::1
0
8 a! §
0 0 0
0
0
0
Cf.)
Cf.)
I
0 0
<S>
ool
t 0
0
::0
ti::1
t""
30 30 "E >
- 200
0
-200
z -'l~
8 0 ......
0
:I Cl
0
8
0
0
0
.
.A
~.
z
ti
>
-'l
20 20 0 0 g >
:::0
-g
CD
0 0
·;;; 6::0
I
- •
D:
l
-100 100 ti::1
(Solid Points= 12 h)
10 10
0
• -
z
Cl
.,:J
ti::1
i:!l
a
>
t"'
400 500 ~Of"C 4p<> 5~0 t"'
0 I I
0 0 0 0
600 1000 1200
><
800 1000 1200 600 800 Cf.)
Temperature,°F Temperature, °F
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Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
9~
118 73 SS S4 118 118 S4 67-111 s 4
73 541 S7J09 SS 30 S
73
118
73 110 30 S2
73 81
118
118 12~ [91 7 109
124 118
SS
73 110 s7
123 73713 107-102 12'3 73-118 S2-107-81
123-117 119 73 ss-102
119 111
46
I~~ S7 84 117 113 108
73 108 122 46 46-110
120 113 113 120 73 S6 113
114
122 83 S7 117 73 84
117 80-S6 121 114 8
121 82 118 S7
73 80
S7
73 118
73
- 82
- 300 - 300
0
40 40
0
...(')
o~
0
0 d 0
I 8::
0
0 0
0
I
8 0 0 al
30 -----,, 0 30 0 <
, I - 200
0
0
0
"' - 2ooe
0 0
0
gl z ~
t"l
"' I ~
0
Ii
.
t"l
t"'
£."'
0
0 0
Ul
0
0
_a
8
20
0 0
00
20 I
0 I 0 "'
0
ii
:>
§ 0
0
-g
0
I 0
0
0
- 100
... g 0
I
oQ)
0
100:.
·;
10 r
0
0 0
10 l_:
rii
~
J 0 0
0
0
I 0
100 Hours 0
1000 Hours J
-
N
0
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Cr-Mo-V Steels (0.15to0.25%Total Strain). "'0
"'
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
32 68 32 71 53
32 32 66 71
32 32 (")
32 64 138
7 32 0
71
~
32 32 32 90 151 64
7 7 32 72 51
7 7
7 32 68 7 32 32
66
151 6 5 142 138
13 8
....t"'
7 32 7 32
7 7 7 7
7
7
7
7 7
68 90
143 29
>
>'3
7 32
112
7 ,Q 0
50
: 7 z
10 (12) ~
100 0
"':l
1 Hour Hours Hours
~
- 300 - 300 • 300 ::a
t:i::I
tll
tll
I
40 40 40
::a
t:i::I
N t"'
~
E
z::!:
>'3
o4
• • 0
I
I
I
- 200 a
i.. z
••
200 200
• x
• • ~
• >'3
• • • I x
• -!
:I
"ti
·;;;
>
•• • • • • I " 6::a
• •I •
a.:
20 : • . 20
·-·-·- • 20
• t:i::I
a
•• •
•
• I
•I
• ....
~
•• • •
•• • 100 100 t - 100 t:i::I
i:S
I •• • • a
•
10 • >
•• t"'
t"'
0
><:
•• tll
.550"C
I
61~0 50~"C I
600
I. 70?~ 4~0 550 °C
0 0 0 0 ' 0
1000 1100 1200 1300 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 800 900 1000 1100
Temperature, °F
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Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
71 66 53 106 71 138
138 90 53
43 64 42 66 42
66 64 71 43 42
42 64
90 65 142 68 142
71 42 66 65 71
64 71 138
22 72 42
151 143 28 42 43
93 42 90 106 72
51 90 138
151 138 143
68
138 5168 29
27
112 29 27
112106
40
I
•
1000 10,000 ()
'1
Hours Hours
1 E::
0
I
x <
30 30 CZl
•
200
• - 200 N
E
>'3
... •• z:i! t"l
t"l
~
..-
~..
I
•
I
x
-•
• t
T I
I
.r •
•
..-
..
~
t"'
CZl
0
20
,r
I
. 20 1-"I 0
:I
...
.. I •I
:I
...
-0
•
x•
,• -0
QI
QI
a.: -100 • 100 a.:
I
I I
10 ..
f
•
•
10
t • Nonnalized +Tempered
~ • • After Service
1 • Heat Treatment Not Reported
0 I
5op 0 c
. 600
I
0 0
4o~·c
i .
500
I. 6?o•c
0
800 900 1000 1100 1200 700 800 900 1000 1100
Temperature, °F
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Cr - Mo -V Steels Quenched + Tempered
1/
!:l:l
/
trJ
t:""
>
• 300 • - 300 ~
..;i
40 40 sz
? /
'\ "(' •
0
'\ • E ~
·;;; • ,ooo°'<'
~ 0
• ......
z
..;i
>
..lll
• •
30 30 :e
111'
• - >ij
-
0
••
Ill 0
- 200 200
...
/ /
'<" 111'
GI !:l:l
-
Ill
I ll •,oo0 ...
GI trJ
z0
D • Ill
......
:::> 20 20 • D ~
"'O
·;;; • :::>
"'O
trJ
!:l:l
·;;; ......
GI
a.:: -100 - 100 GI
r::ll:
a
887 to 900 °F >
t:""
10 10 I t:""
0
8 4 2 °F (4 5 0 °C ) ( 475 to 4 8 2 °C ) ...::
tll
0
2~0, 300MNim'
I
4~0 I 0 0
20,0 3po 400 I 5qoMN1m2
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi
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Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
91 116 57
91
57 118
118 73
73
73 3269
73 32
69 Ill 73
73 149
l 54 57
137 118 109
73 91 118 149
118 73 73
137
73 69 73 118 137 57
11 73
118 ~6 91 115107 52
108 81
73 73 73 56 110 69 46 102 55
73
73 ll4 7~?80
v
f-------.-----r------..--~v~ o----+--~---r---""---------,--
S01--~~~-,1--~~~-+-~~~----o~~~~--~~~--+~~~~1 SOi--~~~-+-~~~~i--~~~-+-~~~-71
932 to 950 °F
( 500 t~ 510 °C )
401---~~~-+-~~~--1~~~~-¥-~~~--+~~~~+--~~~---1
!;
0
- 300
977to1022 °F
(525to 550 °c)
1
/ 300
~
(')
'1
~
0
I
I/"
E <
z'- 00
-'3
~ t>J
t>J
!~ 201--~~~_,,,_v~~~~1--~~~·~·1"-~~~+-~~~---t~~~----l
.A I:"'
.A 30i--~~~-+-~~~-,i<--~~~~~~~--+~~~~+--~~~---1 00
- 200 "'GI...
I /" .·,#.. · . : _,., -"'
.,,·u;c
~
11/: •
•
•••
'
101<--~~~-+-~~~--1~~~~-+--~~~--+~~~~+--~~~-1
•
••
"<'.
G>
Cll::
JOO 2nn
0~~<--~~~~~-'T~1~~~~~~·~~~~~~~·~~~~~0
3qoMN!m' 400
0
100
I
•
,oDO
I··
29qMN1m2 390
0
10 20 30 40 so 60 70 10 20 30 40 so
Initial stress, ksi Initial stress, ksi N
0
"'
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206 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
76
92
IOI
I/ ~
60
/
I~
~ 400
·;;;
0..
/
0
0
-
0
111'
.
Ill
Cll
....
40
I/
Ill
c *Annealed
.,,·;;;
:I
0
~"
200
Cll
Clii: 0
•
•
• •
• • •
20 0
•
*
•• • •
•
•
*
0
21? I
4?0 ~N/m 2
I I 600 I 0
20 40 60 80 100
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Cr - Mo -V Steels
Material numbers corresponding to points below
62 61
138 53
42 130
59
142 71 130
100 71 35 63
10 42 72 58
143
44 60
37
40 4251 62
143 144
138 61
78 59
29
27 112 48
I
I
/ 300
1050to1067 °F
/ 0 300
v
0
I
40 40
..,(')
(566 to 575 °C)
I/ I
is:
t
0
I
0 I
·;;; 0 0 <
~
..Ill '\; '\; 0 E
u:i
..,i
30
111' 30 0
- "-- t>:I
/
200
/ z
- 200
-
Ill t>:I
...
GI
~ t"'
u:i
I ll
111'
•
/ / -
Ill
0 • • ...GI
.,,
:::» •
0
·-
v • . I ll
• 20
I
••
·;;; 20
• • •
GI
Oil:
• ••
• •• •
- 100
/ • •
100 ·;;;
GI
0
.,,
:::»
Oil:
• •
10 10
• • 995to1022 °F • Nonnalized +Tempered
I
• 1 h • 1000 h
.
0
( 535 to 550 °C)
Heat Treatment Not Reported
• 1000 h
0
200
I
300MN/m2
I I 400
' 0 0
200 3001 MN/m 2 400
0
lS 2S 3S 4S SS 6S lS 2S 3S 4S SS 6S
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Modified Cr-Mo-V Steels
Materials in this section are limited to Cr-Mo-V steels with additions of other alloying elements in
amounts less than one percent:
Nb-containing Materials 2 thru 17 are from a Russian study which compares the 10, 000-hour
residual stress of cast and forged laboratory melts, in tests at 1076 F ( 580 C) on ring specimens, all
with an initial bending stress of 42. 7 ksi ( 294. 2 MN/m 2 ).
Cr-Mo-V steels reported by Data Source 111 on pages 190-197 of the preceding section were part
of this same study, as were also Materials 12 thru 25, and 26 thru 33, respectively, of following sections
on Cr-W-Mo-V and on Co-Cr-Mo-V steels.
Page 219 lists the compositions and compares the magnitudes of the residual stresses for all of
these results from Data Source 111.
A modified H-11 steel, containing 5. 0 Cr, 1. 3 Mo, and 0. 5 V, is included in the section on
Ultrahigh Strength Steels.
209
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Modified Cr- Mo-V Steels
.8E
:::i
c: "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
-*"
0
~
c:·
*"f~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
... :::i
5!
0
0"'
·;:
l!l 10"'
"ic:
"'
~ 0 c Mn Cr Ni Mo v Nb p 0 aia:
Si w
1 H 0.45 o. 95 o. 65 o. 26 o. 82 Room 148. 4 122. 2 16. 45. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at
1023. 842.5 1000F(538C):14.3 ksi (98.6 MN/m 2 )
4 111 0. 24 2.26 2. 45 o. 56 0. 16
5 111 o. 24 2.26 2. 45 o. 56 o. 16
6 111 o. 26 2.52 o. 96 0. 77 o. 14
7 111 o. 26 2.52 o. 96 o. 77 o. 14
8 111 0. 23 1. 03 0. 96 0. 88 0. 14
9 111 0.23 1. 03 o. 96 0. 88 0. 14
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
I!!' ..
::I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
g
E form and size, history of material. ~ :; ·- N
ksi "
::I
c:
Q)
1 H 1742 F ( 950 C ), 4 h, air cooled; 1000 28.1 0.2 45. 27. 17. (9. 85) 2118
1250 F ( 677 C ), 4 h, air cooled. 538 194. 310.3 186. 117. (68. )
2 111 330 lb(150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 9.2 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 64.
1995F(1090C ), air cooled;
1345 F(730C ), 5 h.
3 111 Material 2, forged. 1076 42.7 6.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 44.
1345 F( 730C ), 5 h.
4 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 4.6 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 31. 5
1995 F ( 1090C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
5 111 Material 4, forged. 1076 42.7 2.6 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 17.5
1345 F(730C ), 5 h.
6 111 330 lb (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 17.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 119. 5
1995F(1090C), air cooled;
1345 F(730 C), 5 h.
7 111 Material 6, forged. 1076 42.7 13. 8 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 95.
1345 F(730C ), 5 h.
8 111 330 lb (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 18. 5 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 127.5
1995 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
9 111 Material 8, forged. 1076 42.7 19.6 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 135.5
1345 F(730C ), 5 h.
-
"'
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Modified Cr- Mo-V Steels
.8E ., PI
tiii
.. c'¢
""......
*--
a~ ]
~ *... ""
:I
c ~
:I
Chemical composition, % by wt . 8. LL.
E
(.)
.... --N
ii ·- E ~ ·- E > ·- E
f f ., .... z ·--" z ~ .><Z
0 .. --
N
. -- •="
0 ..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.. c10..
~ 51 J!l "Cl "Cl :;; :ii! t: :ii! ci 'ic 0
s c 8. :ii!
aier:
:ii! c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb p s ii
I-
{!.
...
2 0
w
10 111 0.21 0.93 1. 35 1. 09 0.88 0.16
•
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f.
~
..·
::l
Initial
Residual stress,
B
~
11 111 Material 10, forged. 1076 42.7 3. 1 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
1995 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 21. 5 stand.
1345 F ( 730 C ), 5 h.
12 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 1. 4 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 9.8 stand.
1995 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled;
1345 F ( 730 C ), 5 h.
13 111 Material 12, forged. 1076 42.7 2.0 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
1995 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled; 580 294. 2 13.7 stand.
1345F(730C), 5h.
14 111 330 lb ( 150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 13.4 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 92. stand.
1995 F(1090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
15 111 Material 14, forged. 1076 42.7 13.9 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
1995 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 96. stand.
1345 F(730C ), 5 h.
16 111 330 lb ( 150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 11.1 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
Casting. 580 294.2 76.5 stand.
1995F(1090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
17 111 Material 16, forged. 1076 42.7 11. 4 Ring specimen tested in IR-1
1995 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 78.4 stand.
1345 F(730C ), 5 h.
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Modified Cr- Mo-V Steels
.,
.8E .,
"
c: ~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
~
af!
!. u. u
.;;·
5i"'
"' ·-...
~
]
_~·-NE > ·-
N
E 0.., _
c4 N
E
-*
0
'<t
r:t
*.,·
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c;;
·;:
2l
51"
~
eZ'Z'
.! "tJ i:s
.,,,.,
:;;;
2
::!: ~
·- ""2 N.><2*"'-::!:
::!: 0
.Q
ic: 0"'
"' .,
t: c:
i!
Q.
.,
-0
::!: "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb B Ce Ti I- ...~ 0
w cc
18 75 0.17/ 1. 0/ 0.8/ 0.7/ 0.15 0.005 0.05
o. 25 1. 5 1.1 1. 0
+Ti, B 21 13 o. 17/ 0.9/ 0.8/ 0.7/ 0.005 0.15 Room 130. 5 112.
0.24 1. 5 1.1 1. 0 900. 770.
1049 87. 84.
565 600. 580.
Ia
' Nominal composition.
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.8E ~£ .. Residual stress,
s
~
'5"' ·-
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
., form and size, history of material. ~ N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
"'c: ~ 8. u. (.J "8 s. ! ~
19 75 Soviet steel 20KhMFBR (EP 44) 1004 42.7 20.7 "Typical values. "
540 294.2 143. Some data have been scaled from
13 1922 F ( 1050 C ), air cooled; 1049 25.8 42.7 24.7 18.6 a small plot.
1112F(600C), 3 h;
565 170. 294.2 170. 128.
1337F(725C), 6 h.
1076 42.7 21. 0 15. 5
580 294.2 145. 107.
-
""
""
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Modified Cr- Mo-V Steels
..
!E .,
Chemical composition, % by wt .
!!.
ae
of;.
iii"" N
!
8. .... u ~ ·;;! ~0 ·-.. E
u)
_ >._ E
N -*
0
oot
*~
..
..." si"
c ~ c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;:
E i' g> ...... z ·- _,. z N..l<Z
!! "C "C :;; :::!: ~ *"'- 0
·~ 0
~
.. c :::!: d :::!:
.
,;
* t: CL c
:::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s ~ ~ ...e 0
w a:
22 96 0.18/ o.2cv o.2cv 2.7/ 0.3f¥ 0.85 0.45 Room 106.7
0.25 o. 50 0.40 3.0 0.45 max. max. 735. 7
23 78 0.16/ 0.2f¥ 0.2/ 2.4/ 0.5 0.3fY o. 6/ 0.3/ Room 131 114 12 44
0. 24 0.60 0.4 3.3 0.55 0.85 0.5 902 785
Room 136. 5 121 13. 5 50
941. 834.
932 94. 87. 7. 5 36
500 647. 598.
932 94. 91. 9. 44
500 647. 628.
1022 81. 80. 12. 47
550 559. 549.
1022 88. 85. 10. 45
550 608. 588.
1202 64. 62. 5.7 23.5
650 441. 427.
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!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!.
a~
.
.a Residual stress,
~
~
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Modified Cr-Mo-V Steels. Initial Stress 41.5 to45ksil286to 310MN/m'l
23
23 1 23
[20
23
19
21
18
18
19
18
-
is:
't:J
;;'.
>'l
23 21 CJ
23
19 z
22 22
1
19
21
1
r 18
19
21
0
"rj
~
2to17 ::0
L t:r::I
CJ)
CJ)
40 I
::0
t:r::I
t:"'
10,000 >
T
v Hours ~
30
a
30
I 30
..
E
>'l
CJ
z
200
• - 200 - 200
'z !iZ
'iii
j/. •• 0 •
•
~ >'l
>
111' • • • 111'
"rj
-
Ill
"'
- ...
Ill 0
...
QI
a a • • . •
QI
I ll
::0
t:r::I
-
I ll 20 20 "' 20
fr "° D ~
D
.,,
::I 0
• .,,
::I
Additions ~
'iii 100 • 100 'iii Nb
t:r::I
G>
- 100 "' G>
0
2l
a.:
a.: • Nb, Ce, B ~
v Ti
10 10 10 0 >
t:"'
"' Ti, B t:"'
100 1000 aw 0
~
CJ)
0
400 sooc
0 0 .
500
0 0
sooc '-o
0
600 800 1000 900 1100 900 1100
Temperature, °F
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Residual Stress after 10,000 h at 1076°F (580°C ), from Initial Bending Stress of 42.67 ksi ( 294. 2 MN/m 2 ).
All Data Source 111. o Cast •Forged
c o. 21 0.21 0.24 0.24 0. 25 0. 25 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.23 0.13 0. 13 0.21 o. 25 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.24
Cr 2.28 2.28 2.26 2.26 1. 25 1. 25 2. 52 2.52 1. 03 1. 03 1. 28 1. 28 1. 35 1. 51 2.35 2. 35 2.34 2.34 1. 42 1. 42 1. 23 1. 23 1. 41 1. 41 2.39 2.39
Mo 1. 1 1. 1 2.45 2.45 1. 07 1. 07 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.88 0.88 1. 09 2.46 1. 20 1. 20 2.38 2.38 1. 12 1. 12 0.98 0.98 1. 15 1. 15 1. 18 1.18
v o. 54 o. 54 o. 56 o. 56 0.57 o. 57 0.77 0.77 0.88 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.88 0.75 0.48 0.48 0. 45 0. 45 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.83 0. 58 0.58
w 2.50 2.50 2.0 2.0 1. 50 1. 50 2.50 2. 50
Co 2.01 2.01 2.24 2.24
Nb 0. 17 0.16 0.19 o. 14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0. 15 0.17 0.12 0.28 0.25 o. 16 0.16
Si o. 93
20
•
• 0
15
•
. 100
·;;; • •
.
0
~
...CD
~
-
E
...
...
•
0
"'z
10 0
~ ~
a
...CD
0
0 ~
•
-
:I
...
0
-0 • 0
·;;; 0 . so ...
CD
• • • •
°' s 0
. • ,.
a
:I
I 0
• 0
-0
·;;;
\\.
• 0
• 0
0 0 0 CD
•
• •
•
0
• °'
-
0
0
•
0 0
""
'°
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Steels Containing 0.6% or More Tungsten
Cr-W-Mo
Cr-W-V
Cr-W-Mo-V
and Modifications
Relaxation data for the above three classes are shown together on page 234, plus results for a
single lot of Cr-W steel ( Material No. 1 ).
Comparative 10, 000-hour relaxation strengths for Cr-W-Mo-V castings and forgings, both with
and without Nb additions ( Material Nos. 12-25), are included on earlier page 219.
Data for thin strip of a Soviet steel containing 0. 7 C and 2. 5 Si ( Material Nos. 6 and 7 ) have
not been shown graphically.
Materials No. 26 thru 33, with either 2. 01 or 2. 24% Co, are part of the study summarized on
page 219.
221
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Cr -W- Mo Steels
... a
]
E .,
!.
aE
fi.
"'5i
]
cli -
~
?f!. ..f·
?f!.
."' ,,;0..
::J
c ::? Chemical composition, % by wt . N
8. "- <.J ~·;;~ Oj5 ·;;~ ::.;; !
N N
c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::J
n; 0
.. 10.
·;: 5! E "'"'
!! .g .g 'Sm-" Z ·--"' z <l"-"Z ·;::;
i ::!: ~
!!
:e Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s
..
...
Cl>
I- t-
c
Cl>
c.
e
::!: :;i ::!:
11. w
c
0
a: "'
Cr-W 1 H 0.20 0. 34 0.22 1. 75 1. 70 Room 114. 2 80. 28 41 Charpy impact 65. 8 ft. lb. (89. 2 Joules)
787.4 552.
Room 120.7 89. 19 70 Charpy impact 53.1 ft. lb. ( 72 Joules ).
832.2 614.
2 H 0.43 0.44 0.28 0.86 0.50 0.81 Room 149.2 109.4 18.5 52. Charpy impact 30. 0 ft. lb. (40. 7 Joules)
1029. 754. 3 stress for 0. 01% creep/ 1000 hat 1000 F
(538 C) : 6. 35 ksi (43. 8 MN/m2)
3 N 0.38 0.76 0.24 0. 63 0.60 1.19 0.023 0.020 Room 129.1 67.5 21. 8 57.9 stress for 0. 01 % creep/ 1000 h at 950 F
890.1 465.4 (510C): 18. 5ksi (127.6 MN/ m 2 )
17.0ksi (117.2 MN/m2)
4 N o. 39 0.76 0.25 0.38 0.59 1. 08 0.021 0.050 Room 121. 8 105. 19 57.
839. 4 724.
5 F 0.38 0.76 0.22 0.66 0.52 1. 21 Room 135. 4 20.8 58.6 Hardness: VPN 307
933. 5
•Typical analysis.
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.8E
f.
a
.. Residual stress,
~
~
*
t: % ksi
"'
~ 0 I- MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
ijj
1 H 1742F(950C), 8 h, oil quenched; 842 0.21 50.0 38. 32.5 (26. 8) 2505
1202F(650C), 2 h. 450 344.7 262. 224. (185.)
932 0.2 40.0 27. 19. 5 (8. 75) 3908
500 275. 8 186. 134. (60. 3)
2 H 3 in. (76 mm) diameter. 1000 18.4 0.2 37.0 20. 11. ( 3. 5) 2119 ~
1654 F ( 900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 538 126.9 225. 1 138. 76. (24.1) t'l
t'l
1202 F( 650C ), 4 h. t"'
tll
()
3 N 7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 950 45. 0 32.5 20. 3 (13. 5) 2350
0
1725F(941C), 1 h, air cooled; 510 310. 3 224. 140.0 (93. )
1200F(649C), 2 h. ~
950 24.9 30. 0 25. 2 19.2 (12. 5) 1296 >
......
510 171. 7 206.8 173.8 132.5 (86. ) ~
4 N 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 950 30. 0 9. 35 96
a
~
As received. 510 206.8 64.5
"'
cf1.
5 F 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. Hot rolled. 850 24.0 0.125 29.9 26.5 22.7 (19. 5) 1704 5.8 l:> 0
1650 F ( 900 C ), oil quenched; 454 165.5 206.15 182.7 156. 5 (134. 5 ::a
1225 F ( 663 C ), drawn.
~
::a
6 44 Soviet alloy steel EI-722. Room 227.6 226.7 225. 4 222.7 46,50C t'l
Strip 0. 013 in. (0. 32 mm) thick x 1569. 1563. 1554. 1536. ..,i
c::::
0. 27 in. (6. 75 mm) wide.
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Cr -W- Mo Steels
c
]
E
"c
.,
t!
Chemical composition, % by wt .
a
e·
e8. ... (.J
t N
~ ·- E
,+:::,."
,§
.... _l >._. -
~
0 ·-NE
.,_
cli ..
E
-
""
'If.
c·
'If.
2!. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Si"
., .... z ·- .... z ~ ..><Z
0 "'
-.;
i l l :;;c :E ~ "ic 0
'i 5
0"' c Cr v w p s ...i ~ e
Q.
:E 0 :E
0 .,
.,;
:E Mn Si Ni Mo a. w a:
• Typical analysis
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!E
::J . Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
~:?"
i!
I.!
..
::J
:; ·- N
8. u.. u -g S. E
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final
g-
"
.f!
c
~
:::?
::J
Si Heat treatment E~
!! ''"'"
e ..
.g .2 ~CJ
z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!!
"'
:!:
fl
c"'
..
~
I-
.
t;
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
•t;
"'
w
7 44 Soviet alloy steel EI-722 140 78.9 77.4
60 544.3 533.5
Strip O. 013 in. (0. 32 mm) thick x 176 78.9 74_ 5
0. 27 in. (6. 75 mm) wide. 80 544.3 513.9
183 0 F ( 1000 C ), water quenched. 212 78.9 68.3
[Material 6, not tempered]. 100 544.3 470.7
257 78.9 63. 6
125 544.3 438.4
302 78.9 56.9
150 544.3 392. 3
347 78.9 50.9
175 544.3 351. 1
392 78.9 45.8
200 544.3 315. 8
437 78.9 41. 5
225 544.3 286.4
527 78.9 35.6
275 544.3 245.2
572 78.9 33.6
300 544.3 231. 4
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Cr -W-V Steels
..· 0
!E ., ff
a
I!
tiii
.. _~ ·- E >._
]
tn - ..
~
'Ji!.
'Ji!.
Chemical composition, % by wt . ., ·- E
..
N N
::I
c: ~ l!l."-U ::; 0 .. _ E r: 2! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~
~
::I
iii
..
l!!
ef2' ., ... z
.! "C "C
'iii
c:
·- ... z
::!: ~
Q,
::!: *'"-
N-"Z
d ::!: ...,,
.g
c:
'O
.,
.,;
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Zr p s i
I- ~ e
0..
0
;;:; a:
8 H 0.43 1. 30 0.25 2.0 Room 116. 9 89.0 22 63 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate ~
806.0 614. 950 F( 510C ): 16 ksi ( 110 MN/m )
Charpy impact 34. 5 ft. lb. (46. 8 Joules)
9 N 0.48 0.23 0.23 1. 32 0.28 1. 78 0.008 0.010 Room 233.5 150. 14 43 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at
1610. 1034. 950 F (510 C): 15. 2 ksi ( 105 MN/m 2 )
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!E
!. .. Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..8. ...
~ -=::S ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final $
"
:!
" "'f::!
c: u ] S. E
e; .. z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "~ Heat treatment ''"'' u ~ C!1 strain,
E "'"' stress, stress, time, ·;:;
..
,e!'C"'C
.. ..
~
::;;
l3
Cl
t:
"'
~
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·-=
w
8 H 1652 F( 900 C ), 8 h, oil quenched; 950 22.9 0.2 30. 0 24.5 18.3 ( 9. 7) 2520
1292 F( 700C ), 4 h. 510 158. 206.8 169. 126. (67. )
1000 20.6 0.2 30. 0 17.3 12.4 2706
538 142. 206.8 119. 85.5
9 N 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 850 50.0 40. 0 34.5 (30. ) 528
454 344.7 276. 238. (207.
1650 F( 900 C ), oil quenched.;
1200 F( 650 C ), tempered. 950 26.0 30. 0 21. 0 15.3 (10. 5) 1152
(By manufacturer). 510 179. 206.8 145. 105. 5 (72. 4)
1000 25. 0 17.3 (10. 8) ( 8. 0) 384
538 172.4 119. ( 74. 5) (55. )
10 67 "Heat treated". 932 26.0 42.7 30.5 26. 19. Solid cylindrical specimens in
500 179.5 294.2 209. 179. 129. tension.
"'
"'_,
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Cr-W- Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications
.8E e·
iS
.
]
c
cu ~!. u. tn --"'
"#. ..-
"#.
~
::J
c ~
::J
Si
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!E -!
(.J
....·- --E 1._ E >._
Q
N
z ·-0
.g 'iicu ... ::E
"'"'
E
.,._
..... --
z ~
N
...:z
c'
0
'ic
!
0"'
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ ::E ci ::E
.,
l!l :!
.,
t: c -acu
::E c"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Nb p s I-
{!!. ~II.. w
0
cc
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!.
aca
.
:J Residual stress,
B
E ., form and size, history of material. '5 ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
:J
c: !:!
:J
8. u.. u "8e ..a!z MN/m 2
:!
~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
E "' co stress,
~ si Heat treatment !?
CD
u 0 o
CD strain, stress, time, ·c:;
~
ca
::!:
l!
ca
0
..
~
CD
I-
"C "C
..
·~~
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h 't:ca
iii
11 87 Skoda steel T56. 932 42.67 35.1 33.4 Residual stresses have been
2102 F ( 1150 C ), 1 h, air cooled; 500 294.2 242. 230. scaled from a published plot.
1922 F ( 1050 C ) , 1/2 h, oil quenched 932 42.67 35. 8 32.4
1328 F( 720 C ), 2 h, air cooled. 500 294.2 247. 223.
12 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.67 3.1 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 21. 6
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5h.
13 111 Material 12, forged. 1076 42.67 2.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1885F(1030C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 16.7
1345F(730C), 5 h.
14 111 Material 12 + 0. 17% Nb. 1076 42.67 3.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 23. 5
1995F(1090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
15 111 Material 14, forged. 1076 42.67 4.6 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 31. 4
1345F(730C), 5 h.
16 111 330 lb (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.67 1. 9 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Forging. 580 294.2 12.8
1885F(l030C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5h.
17 111 Material 16 + 0. 12% Nb. 1076 42.67 2.7 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 18.6
1995 F(1090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
18 111 Material 1 7, forged. 1076 42.67 4.6 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294. 2 31. 4
1345F(730C), 5 h.
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Cr-W- Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications
e· ~
..,.Cl
.8E .,
:J
c. l:! Chemical composition, % by wt .
£
1'>
~8. .... (.) ~ N
]
~·u;~ ~·-NE0 .. _
~ N
> ·- E
-
'a'1
c.·
'a'1
e'° Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
;;;
·;:
:J
~
e::
s "Cl "ll :a"'"' z::!: ·-~ "'z::!: -ae'"-
N..><Z
0
·~
"'
0
!!!
"'
::!:
l!!
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Nb p s
.
~
I-
.
c.
I-
Q.
...
2
ci ::!:
w
c.
0 .,
-0
a:
19 111 0.23 1. 42 1.12 0.82 1. 50
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.8E
!?• ..
.= Residual stress, ..
.":; Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a
~
-g::S ·-~!
N
Initial
ksi
Final ~
.:!
....
8. .... u
:l
c:
z MN/m 2 ~
iij
·;: Si Heat treatment s,,,,
E "'"' E'°
~"
strain, stress, stress, time, ·u Relaxation-test procedure and comments
10"' 1*
:!: 0
t:
"'
I-
"i
(,)
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
19 111 330 lb (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.67 3.3 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 22.6
1885F(1030C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
20 111 Material 19 + 0. 28% Nb. 1076 42.67 10.0 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 68.7
1995F(1090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
21 111 Material 20, forged. 1076 42.67 9.8 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 67.7
1345 F( 730 C ), 5 h.
22 111 330 lb. (150kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.67 1. 7 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 11. 8
1885F(1030C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
23 111 Material 22, forged. 1076 42.67 2.0 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 13.7
1345F(730C), 5 h.
24 111 Material 22 + 0. 25% Nb. 1076 42.67 4.1 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 28.4
1995F(1090C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
25 111 Material 24, forged. 1076 42.67 6.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1995F(1090C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 44.1
1345F(730C), 5 h.
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Co-Cr- Mo-V Steels land Nb Modifications
e· ... 0
1iE
., ~!. u..
tS ] '<I'
._
*~-
>._ E *r::.'
u) N
Chemical composition, % by wt. N
~·-NE
.....
:J Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
r::. ~
:J
(.J
e·0! 0 .. ._ .,
«i
·;: S! s .g .g :;; :!i: ~ :!i: ~0 -"Z:!i: ·w.0
E "'"' m-" Z ·- .... z 0
.,
l!! ~ t: r::. r::. .,
-0
:!i: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Co Nb p s m
I- i! ...e- 0
iii a:
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
'!!°
a
..
..2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
"c: "'~
form and size, history of material. ~
8. u. u ~ ·s. NE ksi "
~
.. .. :gE "C"''""'"
Oi strain, stress, stress, time,
·;: Heat treatment tJ~ "ij
..
(!')
..
"C
l!! -~ ·~
ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
::!!
'iii
c ~ w
%
h w
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
26 111 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 8.8 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 61.
1885F(1030C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
27 111 Material 29, forged. 1076 42.7 5.3 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled; 580 294. 2 36.
1345F(730C), 5h.
28 ~11 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 8.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting. 580 294.2 58.
1975F(l090C), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
29 111 Material 31, forged. 1076 42.7 6.1 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1975 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 42.
1345F(730C), 5 h.
30 111 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 3.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting 580 294.2 23.5
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled;
1345F(730C), 5 h.
31 111 Material 33, forged. 1076 42.7 1. 4 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cooled; 580 294.2 9.8
1345F(730C), 5 h.
32 111 330 lb. (150 kg) laboratory furnace. 1076 42.7 4.8 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
Casting 580 294.2 33.
1975 F ( 1090 C ), air cooled;
1345 F(730C), 5 h.
33 111 Material 35, forged. 1076 42.7 4.8 Ring specimen in IR-1 stand.
1975F(l090C), air cooled; 580 294.2 33.
1345F(730C), 5h.
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~ Cr-W, ~Cr-W-Mo, ";,Cr-W-V, and ~Cr-W-Mo-V Steels.
-
9
5 9 1 11 >
"-3
5 1 11 2
3
a 11 9 a 0
1
3 z
9 10
9 a 2 0
>rj
4 3 u:i
10
"-3
40 :::0
1 t'l
I/
u:i
J/
"' u:i
,oo "' I "'"'
I
:::0
t'l
t"'
... >
,#"'! ... 0
.. ~
30
·~
30 E
-
"-3
I/(~
• 200 200 200 "- 0
'in z z
"' ~
~
..Ill
l:t
,,,~
vi "-3
- -.. >
Ill Ill
...
Cl) • Cl)
I ll
20 20 . • . I ll d
•• ,ooo°"
:::0
D D t'l
:I
-c
'in
Cl)
100
I
• • 100 100
:I
-c
'in
Cl)
-a
~
a::
10
842 to 850 °F
10
I
0
932 to 950°f
•
10 '----*---+--1o_o_o_h_._
1000°F
a::
-a
t'l
:::0
>
I t"'
t"'
(450 to 4 54 °C) (500 to 510 °C) (538°C) 0
><
3~0 I u:i
0
200 MN/m'
0 0
200 I 300MN/m 2
0
200
O'-------'-"'-------'O
30 40 so 20 30 40 50 20 30 40
Initial stress, ksi
Q Elasticity
factor 5.8
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Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels
Results of tests run with from 0. 15 to 0. 21 % strain for both of these classes of steels have been
plotted on the same graphs of residual stress versus test temperature ( pages 246-247), with solid
symbols used to indicate the presence of vanadium.
Residual stress of Ni-Cr-Mo steels as a function of initial stress are shown on page 248 for the
test templ:!ratures where sufficient data points were available to give a reasonable picture. Attention
has been called on this plot to isolated points for a Ni-Mo steel ( Material No. 1 ), and for one of the
Ni-Cr-Mo-V lots.
No distinction has been made on the plots for data on weld metal ( Material No. 2, 3, 13), tests of
bolts (Material No. 19, 20), or of a Ni-Mo-V plate with no reported chromium content (Material No.22).
But marginal notes signal these features in the tabular listings.
235
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Ni-Cr- Mo Steels
i .... ..,c
!E
.. ~!.
tii ~ cii N --* *
::l
c:
ii
~
::l
Chemical composition, % by wt •
E
LI. u
"'"'
N ii N
e-;;! 5 ·;;! ~,. .._E
"'"' z~ ·-~ "'z
! .g .g :;; ,,.z
>_ ..
r::"
0
~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·~
5l
.c ~ d ~ 'i 0
~
l!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al Ti p s .,
t:
I-
c:
cu
I-
c.
a..
e w
c:
0 .
a:
-ci
NI ·Mo 1 N 0.33 0.63 0.28 0.09 2.70 0.44 0.045 0.02 Room 102.4 45. 25 55 stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at
706. 310. 930F(500C): 14.3 ksi (98.6 MN/m 2 )
Weld 2 T 0.10 1. 30 0.60 0.40 1. 25 0.30 0.05 0.03 o. 03 Room 102 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
metal 93 max. 1. 80 max. max. 2.50 o. 55 max. max. max. 703. (-18C): 65 ft. lb. ( 88 Joules).
Weld 3 T 0.09 1. 85 0.30 0.91 2.10 0.54 0.018 0.01 0.006 0.007 Room 145. Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
metal 93 1000. ( -18 C): 50 ft. lb. (68 Joules).
4 H 0.28 0.86 1. 97 o. 35 Room 128.0 44. 16. 43. stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
882.5 303. 1022 F(550C):1. 95 ksi (13.4 MN/m) 2
5 H 0.26 0.19 0.19 1. 11 1. 90 1.16 Room 117.1 86. 23. 61 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
807.4 593. 1022 F (5 50 C): 4. 3 ksi (29. 6 MN/m 2 )
6 H 0.42 0.69 0.25 0.72 1. 84 0.34 0.015 0.019 Room 117.1 71. 22. 56. stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at
807.4 490. 932F(500C):17 ksi (117 MN/m2)
7 H 0.32 0.58 0.22 0.75 1. 92 0.47 0.013 0.010 Room 120.8 80. 21. 61. stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate a~
832.9 552. 842 F(450C ): 40. 2 ksi (277 MN/m )
8 93 0.15 0.31 0.27 1. 30 2.23 o. 35 0.010 0.018 Room 102. 84. 26. 75
703 579.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
..
:J Residual stress,
s"
-g=·-S.!
Initial
E
:J
., form and size, history of material. l! N ksi
Final
~
c ~ 8. ... u MN/m 2
:J E~ z strain, stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Sl Heat treatment sE ~"'"'
.g stress, time, ·;:;
s l9
"' c"'
:E
~
..,
.....
" ... c.:>
·~
"'
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2 h
1 10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
iii
1 N 17-3/8 in. (440 mm) diameter 930 21. 2 25.0 15.1 (13. 5) (11. 0) 415
As received. 499 146.2 172. 4 104. (93. ) (76. )
2 T Weld metal, deposited by metal arc 1000 56.9 33. 25. 23. 24 Automatic relaxation machine,
93 from 3/16 in. (5 mm) diameter 538 392.3 227.5 172.5 158.5 4000 lbf (18, 000 N) capacity.
coated E-11018 electrodes. 1050 Specimens O. 252 in. (6. 4 mm) dia.
51. 8 26. 17. 14. 24
As welded. 566 357.2 179. 117. 96. 5
~
3 T Weld metal, deposited by inert-gas 1000 78.6 48. 33. 25. 24 Automatic relaxation machine, I
93 metal arc from 1/16 in. (1. 6 mm) 538 541. 9 331. 227. 5 172. 4000 lbf (18, 000 N) capacity. .,
('}
I
diameter AX-140 wire. Specimens 0.252 in.(6. 4 mm) dia. ~
1050 65.3 32. 17. 11. 24 0
566 450.2 220. 5 117. 76.
As welded.
4 H 2280F(1250C ), 10 h, furnace cool; 1022 23.3 0.21 30.0 13.3 4.6 3196
1740F(950C), 2 h; 550 160.6 206.8 91. 7 31. 7
Equalize at 1112 F ( 600 C ) ;
Furnace cool to 662 F ( 3 50 C ) at
18 deg. F/h ( 10 deg. C/h).
5 H 2280F(1250C ), lOh, air cool; 1022 19.9 0.2 25.0 16.0 6.3 (1. 32) 2230
1922 F( 1050C ), 10 h, air cool; 550 137. 2 172.4 110. 43.4 ( 9. 1 )
1202 F ( 650 C ), 3 h, furnace cool.
6 H 1742F(950C), 8 h, air cool; 932 21. 0 o. 2 30.0 26. 19. 5 (117.) 3869
1202 F ( 650 C ), 2 h, furnace cool. 500 144.8 206. 8 179. 134.5 (80. 7)
8 93 HY-80 (lean). Open hearth - air 1000 51. 26. 16. 14. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
melted. 538 351. 6 179. 110. 96. 5 4000 lbf (18,000N) capacity.
Plate 2 in. (50 mm) thick.
1050 43. 18. 10. 9. 24
566 ~96. 5 124. 69. 62.
1700 F( 925 C ), water quenched;
1290 F( 700C ), water quenched. 1100 41. 12. 8. 7. 24
593 282.7 83. 55. 48.
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Ni-Cr-Mo Steels
...
.8E
::J
c "'
!:? Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
a2! ~-
.... _
"'5i
8. .... u ~ ·- E
N
'iii!
]
iii N C/i
> ·-
N
-*
0
'<!'
c'
<Ii-
.a
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
eZ': ., ... z ·-6 ... E
::!: *'"-
::J
z 0
"'
·;
iii Sl
!9
~ "O "O
ii
:;;
c
::!: ~
a.
N.><Z
d ::!: "i,
c
0
-0
::!: "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al N p s I- ~ ...!! 0
w a:"'
9 93 0.20 0.28 0.23 1. 48 3.04 0.47 0.010 0.015 Room 103. 84. 27. 75 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
710. 600. (-18C): 129 ft. lb. ( 175 Joules).
10 93 o. 18 o. 30 0.22 1. 65 2.91 0.42 0.009 0.028 Room 120. 105. 24. 71 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
827. 724. (-18 C): 90 ft. lb. ( 122 Joules ).
Room 125. 109. 25. 73
862. 751. 5
900 86. 73. 26. 76
482 593. 503.
1000 75. 66. 24. 82
538 517. 455.
11 93 0.11 0.78 0.29 0.56 5.03 0.42 0.05 0.015 o. 011 0.008 0.006 Room 154. 143. 18. 62 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
1062. 986 (-18C):99ft. lb. (134Joules).
Room 148. 140. 22. 69
1020. 965.
900 103. 90. 21. 79
482 710. 621.
1000 98. 82. 22. 80
538 676. 565.
12 93 0.10 o. 17 0.31 0.73 5.66 0.34 0.08 0.005 0.007 Room 150. 140. 21. 68 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
1034. 965. (-18C): 88 ft.lb. ( 119 Joules).
900 110. 97. 22. 77.
482 758. 669.
1000 87. 74. 22. 80
538 600. 510.
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2?•
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~ "'
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
:J
"'~:J form and size, history of material. "'
tu..(..) ]
:S •- N
~ E
ksi "
.:!
c:
a;
·;: Si Heat treatment
~ z- z- E"'
.! "C "C CJ~
z
C!J
strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, l!-
·;:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
! ·~ ·~
!!! ~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
:ii: 0"' ~
"'"' "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
9 93 HY-80(rich). Open hearth. 1000 51. 20. 12. 10. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
Plate 2 in. (50 mm) thick. 538 351. 6 138. 83. 69. 4000 lbf (18,000 N) capacity.
1700 F ( 925 C ), water quenched; 1050 46. 11. 7. 5. 24
1290 F ( 700 C ), water quenched. 566 317.2 76. 48. 34.5
10 93 HY-100. Open hearth. 950 71. 5 37. 26. 23. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
Plate 2 in. (50 mm) thick. 510 493. 0 255. 179. 159. 4000 lbf ( 18, 000 N) capacity.
1650 F( 900 C ), water quenched; 1000 67.8 28. 21. 18. 24 ~
I
1150 F ( 620 C ) , water quenched. 538 467.5 193. 145. 124. (')
'1
1050 52.8 18. 11. 10. 24 I
12 93 HY-130 (SR). Electric furnace, 950 86.0 57. 49. 47. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
Air melted. 510 593. 0 393. 338. 324. 4000 lbf (18, 000 N) capacity.
Plate, 2 in. (50 mm) thick. 1000 84. 52. 41. 35. 24
1500 F ( 815 C ), water quenched; 538 579.2 359. 283. 241.
1075 F( 580 C ), water quenched.
1050 70. 40. 28. 22. 24
566 482.6 276. 193. 152.
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Ni-Cr- Mo Steels
..· co<t
.8E
.
e·
a~ t&i N
]
N -1/1.
1/1.
.. - .,~-
Chemical composition, % by wt. cJi
8. u.. ~·;:;~ ~·-NE >._
::J Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c ~ (.J E c·
::J 0 ,._ 0
.g :;;.. "'z ·- "'z ~ .><Z
~ iii ~
E .g
"'"'
~ 'ic 0
~
.. cl!!..
:::!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ii
I-
&i
I-
:::!:
c.
e
11.
:::!: d :::!:
w
0 .
-.;
a:
13 93 0.11 0.75 0.38 0.61 5.03 0.47 0.01 0.004 0.006 Room 152. 141. 19. 59 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
1048. 972. (-18C): 53 ft. lb. ( 72 Joules).
14 95 0.41 0.77 0.21 0.81 1. 78 0.25 0.006 0.005 70 160. 147 19.9 61. 9
21 1103. 1014
650 139. 117 20.5 71. 2
343 958. 807
15 95 0.41 0.73 0.26 0.80 1. 76 o. 25 0.006 0.005 70 157. 144 17.8 60.0
21 1082. 993.
650 138. 112. 21. 5 72.5
343 951. 772.
*%/5D.
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] ~- . Residual stress, ~
E
:I
c
.
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material •
i3
l!
:I
-; ·- N
8. u.. (,J -g a~
Initial
ksi
Final B
"
:1
'iii
:I
E .g
"'"'
e .. z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: 5l Heat treatment ~ .g C,)~ (.7
.,
:J .,
~ ~
Weld 13 93 5% Ni weld metal in 2 in. (50 mm) 950 98. 62. 50. 46. 24 Automatic relaxation tester,
plate; Gas metal arc; Electrode dia. 510 575. 7 427.5 345. 317. 4000 lbf (18, 000 N) capacity.
metal
0. 045 in. (1. 14 mm); 225 F ( 107 C) 1050 17. 24 ~
92. 36. 23. I
preheat; Heat input 40 kilojoules/in. 566 634. 3 248. 158. 5 117. ..,(')
As welded. I
14 95 AISI 4340. 650 27.3 o. 15 39.0 38.7 37. 1 34. 2 32.6 3600 Manual step-down test. E::
0
1600 F ( 870 C ), 2. 8 h, air cooled; 343 188.2 268.9 266.8 255. 8 235.8 224.8 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
>
1525 F( 830C ), 2. 8 h, oil quenched;
1020 F( 550C ), 4 h, air cooled; 8
970 F ( 520 C), 4 h, air cooled.
15 95 AISI 4340. 650 26.0 0. 15 38.0 37.5 35. 8 33.5 32.5 3600 Automatic relaxation tester.
1600 F(870C), 2. 8 h; air cooled; 343 179. < 262. ( 258.6 246.8 231. 0 224.1 Results have been scaled from a
1525F(830C), 2.8 h, oil quenched; plot.
1020 F( 550C ), 4 h, air cooled;
970 F( 520C ), 4 h, air cooled
16 116 "Heat treated". 932 1. 78 106.7 61. 51. 44. 300 Nickel-plated specimens, tested
500 735.5 422. 353. 304. in automatic machine with sensi-
tivity about O. 4 ksi (3 MN/m' ).
932 1. 62 98. 1 68. 60. 41. 900
500 676.7 471. 412. 284.
Results have been scaled from a
932 1. 18 94.2 71. 65. 58.5 48 plot.
500 649.2 490. 445. 403.
932 o. 5 83.8 68. 62. 57. 48
500 577.6 471. 428. 390.
932 0.3 67. 1 60.5 56. 50. 48
500 462.9 417. 385. 347.
17 116 Annealed 1650 F ( 900 C ). 932 1. 65 52.6 37.7 32. 7 30.6 200 Same as for Material 18.
500 362.8 260. 226. 211.
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Ni-Cr-Mo Steels
..·
~
E
:l
.,
~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
rt
a
~
!_LL
-s·
.... _
"'
iii N
]
:. ·- E ~·-NE
cli N
-
0
'<t
a'! ...
a'!
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:f ., ... z ·- ... z ~·;;;~
c U r;;' ~
0 .,_
.."'
:l
;;; E ~ 0
·;:
~
.. ..
~
!l
c s
...,.
.!l "C "C
'iii
.,c ::!: ~
c.
c;::::~z
::!: ~ ::!:
·;:;
c
0
.,
,;
....E
0
::!: 0 Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p t- t-
w cc
18 116 0.19 0.44 0.47 0.80 0.85 0.90 68 114to 85. •10
128
20 785to
883 588.
19 119 Bolt 1 omoo sition
0.40 0.77 0.25 0.52 0.56 0.30 0.024 0.013 68 185.
20 1275.
662 145.
Nut c mpo1 it ion 350 1000.
0.08 1. 51 0.61 14.70 24.71 1. 34 0.016 0.009
21 4 0.13 1. 24 0.39 0.645 0.82 0.26( 0.085 0.021 0.016 Room 105 85.6
o. 125 1. 21 0.34 0.705 0.82 0.25 o. 08 o. 011 0.019 723 590.
Room 85.6 66.3
Cu Sn Nb 590. 457.
0.13 0.014 0.033
0.11 0.012 0.036
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
\!!•
ii
..
::i
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
3 ·- N
form and size, history of material. "' ksi .:"
""':; [u..u ] Q. E
::i
c:
... . w"'
2 MN/m 2
~ 5! Heat treatment "' "'C"' Eio
E "'
!J"'C u~ <.!' strain, stress,
stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·~
!l
"'
!!
"'
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·="'
::!! Cl I- MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
18 116 932 0. 53 81.1 67. 57. 5 48.6 45 Automatic relaxation machine with
500 559. 461. 396. ~35. 4 sensitivity about 0.4 ksi ( 3 MN/m )
Results have been scaled from a
plot.
19 119 Bolt: AISI 8740 steel. 662 0.458 98.9 95. 90. 80. Nut height = 1 dia.
Nut: German Aircraft Specification 350 681. 6 652. 620. 549. Test length 95 mm( 3-3/4 in.)
LN 1. 4944. 662 0.394 85.2 82. 77. 67.5 52. 5
Bolts M 12 bolts with 12-point head Results have been scaled from a ~
350 587.4 564. 530. 466. t363.
plot. I
(')
662 0.312 67.6 65.5 62. 54. 42.7 ...,
~94.
I
350 466. 451. 427. 373.
s::
0
662 0.208 45.0 44. 42. 39. 31. 5
350 310. 304. 290. 267. ~17. >
z
t:l
Bolt 20 32 DIN 34 Cr Ni Mo 6. 797 0.18 11. 4 Bolt specimen tested in a block. 2:i
I
1525 to 1580 F(830to860C), oil 425 78. 5 Results have been scaled from a (')
plot. ...,
quench; 1000 to 1255 F(540to680C) I
s::
0
I
<
~
t:i:J
t:i:J
t'
tf.l
21 4 BS 1501-281 (Ducol W30, Gr. B) 1022 0.15 27.3 20.0 15.2 12 Average relaxation data have been
Basic open hearth. 550 188.5 138. 105. scaled from a plot showing values
Plates 1. 0 and 4. 875 in. ( 25 and for two heats.
1067 0.15 25.1 16.9 10.9 12
125 mm) thick. 575 173. 116. 5 75.
1750 F ( 950 C ), air cooled; 1112 0.15 21. 9 13. 0 7.0 12
Tempered 1200 F ( 650 C ). 600 151. 89. 5 48.3
1157 0.15 19.0 9.3 4.8 12
625 131. 64. 3 33.
1202 0. 15 16.5 6.25 1. 8 12
650 114. 43. 12.5
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Ni-Cr- Mo-V Steels
..
iiE
::J
c
.,
~
Chemical composition,% by wt .
e·
aI! tS
. N
8. .... u .b ·-.,_E 1
.~
:§
·-NE
uj
>._
N
E
-
0
'<I'
'#.
c·
'#.
25 N 0.24 0.75 0.17 1. 09 2.41 0.47 0.22 Grain size 6 to 8. BHN 248.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~·
~
..·
::l
Initial
Residual stress,
Final 2
~
E "5 ·- N
::l
c: "'~ form and size, history of material. "'
!u..u "8 a~ ksi .:"
E "'"' e ...
::l z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment s-!-! .5:?~ strain, stress, stress. time, ·i;
..
s
:!:
~
c"' .
t:
I- w
..
t:
(!)
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
12
h
100
h
1000
h
10.000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
22 121 Plate 3 in. (75 mm) thick. 1022 0.15 21. 3 16.1 Specimens sampled at 1/4 of the
550 146.9 111. 0 plate thickness.
1688 F ( 920 C ) , air cooled. 1067 0.15 20.2 14.6
575 139. 3 100.7
1112 0. 15 15.7 10.7
600 108.2 73. 8
1157 0.15 7.8 2.5 ~
625 53. 8 17.2 I
..,
(')
I
23 121 Plate 3 in. (75 mm) thick. 1022 0.15 20.8 16.6 12.5 72 Specimens sampled at 1/4 of the
550 143.4 114. 5 86.2 plate thickness. 0
==
1688 F( 920C ), air cooled; 1067 0. 15 16.3 12.3 >
1616F(880C), air cooled. 575 112. 4 84. 8 ~
1112 0.15 13.9 9.2 ~
I
600 95.8 63.4 ..,(')
I
1157 0. 15 10. 1 5.1 2.5 72
625 69.6 35.2 17.2 0
==
I
<
24 121 Plate 3 in.(75 mm) thick. 1067 0.15 18.1 12.3 8.1 72 Specimen sampled at 1/ 4 of the
575 124.8 84.8 55.8 plate thickness. ~
t>:I
1688F(920C), air cooled; t>:I
1616F(880C), air cooled. 1157 0.15 11. 0 5.6 2.5 72 t"
C/l
625 75.8 38.6 17.2
25 N Forging, 18 in. (460 mm) diameter. 1050 25.0 11. 9 (10. 9) (10. 5) 262
1640 F(895C), AC to 1200 F(650C) 566 172.4 82.0 (75. 2) (72. 4)
1550F(845C), fan cooled;
1150 F ( 620 C ) , furnace cooled.
Same specimen, reloaded again 1050 25.0 15. 2 (14. 4) (14. O) 259
566 172.4 104.8 (99. 3) (96. 5)
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o Ni-Cr -Mo Steels
0.15 to 0.21 % Strain.
•Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels
(')
-.....,
G>
0
20 -~-·
•
•
20 -.....,
G>
0
>
6::0
t<l
••
::>
""D
·;;;
:i
•
• 100
0
• 100
::>
""D
·;;;
a
.....
GI
ei::
0
• GI ~
Cll: t<l
10
•• 10
0
• ::0
.....
0
•
•
0
a>
~ t"'
t"'
0
• ><:
0
6poc r 700
I 0 0
400
I
500 c. 6po I
0
700
I 0
00
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Material numbers corresponding to points below
1419
7
15
14
6 15
19 6
5 20
4 5
4
40
0
0
I
100 Hours
0
1
1000 Hours
~I
0 ..,
()
I
0
E::
.
0
0
0
30 30 E >
-200 200
"z ~
"iii ~
~ 0 ~ I
-"'GI...
-"'...GI I
E::
0
I
"' 20 20 0 "' <
D
::;) ~
0 "ti tr:!
0
-100 - 100 "iii
GI
tr:!
t"'
UJ
~
0
10 10
Temperature, f 0
Temperature,°F
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Ni -Cr - Mo Steels ...
""°"
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
16
16 18 16 (')
12
16 0
16
16
18
12
13
ll
3 13 a:
16
ll
16 16
16
21
2
12
13
"'>
......
t:"'
17 12 13 21 8 10 11 >-3
11 5 2 3 ......
17 4 0
6 25 z
6 10 25 8 9 0
10 '">j
l 10 5 9 tll
l 4 >-3
::0
t"1
tll
tll
80 I
::0
/ /
t"1
930 to 950 °F 1022 to 106 7°F t:"'
0 >
0 0 • ~
(500 to 510 °C) • (550 to 575°C) >-3
......
• 0
• 0
z
60
. • "' 400
60
400
'E ~
/ /
0
0
......_
'iii >-3
..M z
• "' :I >
.A • • ..
.A
6::0
-"'G>...
"' 40
•
40 0
~..
"ii
t"1
~
/__
0
......
L
0 0 :I
-a
:::>
""O "'
0
0 ·;; ~
'iii 200
• 200 •
iii=
t"1
i:l
GI • 0
GI:
• ~
20 20
0
• 1 h
>
t:"'
0
• • 0
m ©~
&
•
0
•
• 10 h
"'100 h
t:"'
0
...::
tll
• • • • 1000 h
0
200 4~MN/m 1 600 800
0 0
200 400 MN/m 1 600
0 0 Ni-Cr-Mo-V
20 40 60 80 100 120 20 40 60 80 100 0Ni-Mo
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Ultrahigh Strength Steels
Modified H -11
9Ni-Co Steels
18 Ni Mar aging Steel
AM-350; AM355
Limited data have been combined for these quite-different types of high-strength steels (Room-
temperature yield strength near 185 ksi (1275 MN/m 2 ]).
Reported relaxation tests were of relatively short duration, with only one data point for a time
beyond 100 h.
Results for AM-3 50 and AM-3 55 at 600 and 800 F ( 316 and 427 C) have not been shown graphically.
For the other materials, the data included here show the modified H-11 steel to have much higher relax-
ation strength at 900 F ( 482 C) that did the other types.
249
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Modified H-11
9 Ni-Co Steels
..
.8E .,
:::i
c: !::?
Chemical composition, % by wt.
E
!!.
~ u. CJ
~
~
N
]
....·- _E ~·-NE
Iii ~
0 . , _ > ·- E
N
-*
0
"""
c
*10
.,~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
""0
CJ1
...
"'c:0
w
.,
-0
a:
2 93 0.19 0.28 0.00! 0.80 9.02 1. 08 0.06 4.52 o. 006 0.004 Room 196. 185. 18. 66. Charpy V-notch impact strength at Odeg.F
(-18 C ): 48 ft. lb. (65 Joules).
1351. 1276.
Room 204. 181. 20. 64.
1407. 1248.
900 152. 129. 19. 67.
510 1048. 889.
1000 140. 106. 21. 73.
538 965. 731.
3 93 0.28 0.29 0.10 o. 56 8.26 0.47 0.15 3.82 0.005 0.005 Room 199. 185. 18. 62. Charpy V-notch impact strength at Odeg.F
1372. 1276. (-18C): 40 ft. lb. (54 Joules).
4 93 0.11 0.06 0.06~ 2.20 9.91 0.98 8.00 0.005 0.005 Room 200. 185. 19. 76. Charpy V-notch impact strength at Odeg.F
1379. 1276. (-18 C): 130 ft. lb. (176 Joules).
Room 209. 191. 18. 70.
1441. 1317.
900 158. 131. 18. 66.
482 1089. 903.
950 148. 121. 19. 67.
510 1020. 834.
•Nominal composition.
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jj !" ... Residual stress,
B
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a .2 Initial Final
::i
c: "'~ form and size, history of material. "'~ u. u -g ~!
;j · - N
ksi "
~
z MN/m 2 ~
~
::i
~ Heat treatment E "C
~
°' "C°' Eu ..~ <.!'
"'"' strain, stress, stress, time, ·u Relaxation-test procedure and comments
2l
"'
!!l :;; 'i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
"'
:!: c"' r-"' w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
1 x Vascojet 1000 ( Modified H-11 steel) 900 117. 100. 78. 57.5 500 Relaxation-cylinder test.
l/2-inch-20 studs. 482 806.7 690. 538. 396. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
2 93 HP 9-4-20. Electric-furnace air 950 103. 73. 61. 56. 24 Automatic relaxation tester;
melted; vacuum-arc remelted; 510 710. 2 503. 421. 386. 4, 000 lbf. (18, 000 N) capacity.
carbon deoxidized.
Plate 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 1000 103. 66. 65. 44. 24
1650F{900C), air cooled; 538 710. 2 455_ 448. 303.
1550 F ( 845 C ), water quenched;
1000 F ( 540 C ), water quenched.
3 93 HP 9-4-25. Electric-furnace air 950 101. 72. 57. 52. 24 Automatic relaxation tester;
melted; vacuum-arc remelted; 510 696. 496. 393. 359. 4, 000 lbf. (18, 000 N) capacity.
carbon deoxidized.
Plate 2 in. ( 50 mm ) thick. 1000 78. 59. 47. 41. 24
1650 F ( 900 C ), air cooled; 538 538. 407. 324. 283.
1550 F ( 845 C), water quenched;
1000 F ( 540 C ), water quenched.
4 93 Vacuum induction melted; 900 124. 91. 67. 52. 24 Automatic relaxation tester.
Vacuum-arc remelted. 482 855. 627. 462. 358. 5
Plate 1/2 in. ( 13 mm ) thick.
950 120. 77. 33. 17. 24
1500 F ( 815 C ), water quenched; 510 827.4 531. 228. 117.
950 F ( 510 C ), 5 h, water quenched.
950 98. 68. 3 5. 18. 24
510 675.7 469. 241. 124.
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AM-350 & 355
...
.8E i
a., tiii
~
]
c~
- ...
c.n
:::J
c
.
f:! Chemical composition, % by wt. ~
·r;;-€
Cl)
>._ E
N If!.
c·
If!.
...f
.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:::J
E g' ., .... zE ·-6 ....
i' '"'- z If!."'- 0
~ !i ti :::!: ~ N-"Z ·~ 'O
..c :;;
"O "O
~
ca
:::!:
fl
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Fe N p s
~
:G
I-
c
{!. e
c.
a.
:::!: ci :::!:
w
c
0 ..
i:i
a:
5 Q 0.089 0.76 0.24 16. 37 kl. 11 2.73 Bal. 0.090 Room 215.2 140.6 181.1 9.
148.4 969. 1249.
600 190.2 94.8 143.6 8. 5
316 1311. 654. 990.
800 185.2 80.3 132. 3 8. 5
427 1277. 554. 912.
6 Q 0.089 0.76 0.24 16.37 4.11 2.73 Bal. 0.090 Room 290.5 242.7 287.9 3. 5
2003. 1673. 1985.
600 257. 6 191. 0 244.1 2. 5
316 1776. 1317. 1683.
800 242.6 173.5 224.5 4.5
427 1673. 1196. 1548.
7 Q 0.092 0.77 0.20 16.55 4.05 2.87 Bal. 0.090 Room 265.0 261. 6 2.
1827. 1804.
600 235. 9 232.9 2.
316 1626. 1606.
800 223.1 213.8 4.5
427 1538. 1474.
8 Q 0.13 0.95 0.54 15. 00 4.22 2.65 Bal. 0.11 Room 287.7 1. 5
1984.
600 268.5 254. 5 2. 5
316 1851. 1755.
800 249. 0 235. 7 3. 5
427 1717. 1625.
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.!E
!. ... Residual stress, ~
"'
I-
..
iii
C!J
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
iii
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18 Ni Ma raging Steel
... c
iiE
::I
c:
.
:;"
Chemical composition, % by wt.
~
i3
E
!_LL U
fi'
ii"' N
e·cn! ~·-NE
0 .. _
]
> ·-
u) N
E
-*
'<t
c
*~-
.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
iii
·~ ..
51 E .g
~ "'"'
.g .. "'z
'5l
·- "'z
::!: ~
*,..-"Z
.. - 0
-~ 0
::!:
1ii
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Co Ti p s .
t:
.....
c:
.....m e
c.
a..
::!: ci ::!:
"'c:0
iii
.
-ci
a:
9 93 0.003 Less 0.005 17.90 2.96 7.73 0.20 0. 003 0.007 Room 192. 184. 14. 64 Charpy V-notch impact strength at 0 F
than 1324. 1269. (-18 C): 59 ft. lb. ( 80 Joules).
0.02 Room 186. 177. 18. 68
1282. 1220.
900 130. 109. 17. 68
482 896. 751. 5
950 123. 101. 20. 72
510 848. 696.
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~-
] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a "'::J Initial
Residual stress,
B
~
E 3 ·- N Final
::J
c: "'!::! form and size, history of material. f!
"'"- (.) -g IS.~ ksi .!!!"
MN/m 2
o;
·;::
::>
SI Heat treatment
~ Z' ~ E"' z
(.J~ (!) strain, stress, stress. time, i!'
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.!
.. l9.. ..
"C "C
~ ·~ -~
~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
~ Cl "'"'
I- iii MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 iii"'
9 93 Vacuum induction melt. 850 137 81. 67. 58. 24 Automatic relaxation machine.
Plate 2 in. ( 50 mm) thick. 454 995. 558. 5 462. 400.
1500 F( 815C ), water quench; 900 124. 81. 66. 57. 24
900F(482C), 16 h, water quench. 482 855. 558.5 455. 393.
900 95. 70. 56. 48. 24
482 655. 483. 386. 331.
925 115. 70. 50. 37. 24
496 793. 483. 345. 255.
950 107. 52. 29. 17. 24
510 738. 358. 5 200. 117.
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N
C11
Mod. H-11 n • -1)
"'
9 Ni- Co 0 •
18 Ni Ma raging A •
(')
0
s::"d
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below ......
t"'
I
4 "~ 2 4 >
>-3
3 2 ......
9 0
9 2 3 z
117
3 9 9 4 2
9 0
9 4 4 9 4 9 4 "Zj
100 10 h
I ~
i/
0
>
A
00'\'(\ ~
·;;; 0
>-3
~
0 0
'E z
..,.n 60
.., 60 60
~
"
0
• 400 400 400
-..,...
G)
..,
500 h-1)
•
24 h
•
•
A
/ \" z
~
.,,-
"'
>-3
>
6::a
0
:I
0 • ~
""C 40 40 40 • "' t:rJ
·;;; "'ii
G) .,,·:;;
:i Z5
......
a:: ~
• 200 200 200
•
20 20
'}."'" 20
'}.
Di'(\ Ill: t:rJ
i:s
• .., •
il
Z5
11100 °F >
900°F (482 °C) 1593 °C I •
t"'
t"'
..,
0
600,MN/m' 800 I 0 0
600 800
0 0
4001 600MN/m'
0
0
><
en
80 100 120 140 80 100 120 140 60 80 100
Initial stress, ksi
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12% Cr Steels
Materials covered in this section range from plain 12% Cr steels to those containing up to five deliberate
alloy additions, mostly in amounts of from 1 to 3% except for boron, arranged in the following order:
Material numbers
12 Cr (Includes 16Cr 2Ni) 1-6
12 Cr-Mo 7-11
12 Cr-Nb 12-17
12 Cr-W, (Mo) 18-20
12 Cr-W, V 21-26
12 Cr-Mo, V 27-33
12 Cr-Mo, W, V 37-85
12 Cr-Mo, V, Nb 86-99
12 Cr-Mo, W, V, Nb 100-113
12 Cr-Mo, W, V, Nb, B 114-117
12 Cr-5Co, W, V 118-126
12 Cr-4Co, Mo, V, Nb 127-128
19 Cr-2Mo 129.
Although a majority of the lots included were from commercial production, at least one-fourth of the
materials were stated to have been laboratory heats, and others not so reported may well have been. Some
of the compositions, processing, and heat treatments employed fall outside usual commercial practice.
A graphical display of the 100-hour residual stresses as a function of temperature for a nominal strain
level of 0. 2% (P. 314) provides a rough comparison of the relative relaxation strengths of the various com-
position classes. The data available suggest that addition of Nb alone exerts far greater strengthening than
does addition of either Mo or W alone. But these data undoubtedly also reflect a consistent difference in the
heat treatments employed, as well as differences in the initial stress obtained on loading to the same strain
level: The three lots each of the 12 Cr and 12 Cr-Mo types were all tempered after air cooling from finish
rolling at 1450 F ( 790 C ); the 12 Cr-W had been normalized from 1900 or 2012 F ( 1040 or 1100 C ), and then
tempered; the 12 Cr-Nb lots were either oil quenched or air cooled from 2000 F ( 1095 C) or higher before
tempering.
Despite a considerable range in austenitizing temperature, and whether oil quenched or air cooled, all
vanadium-bearing types appear to fall in the same band of residual stress versus temperature, at roughly
the level found for 12 Cr-Nb.
The 12 Cr steels show the familiar pattern of higher residual stress with increased initial stress ( pp.
315, 317, and 318.)
Page 316 shows residual stresses at 100 and at 10,000 hours for 0. 2% nominal strain level in 12 Cr-Mo,
W, V materials, for test temperatures between 800 and 1200 F ( 425 and 650 C ). Data marked by a solid circle
were all for the quenched+ tempered condition. Of possible significance, the few open-circle points falling
near the lower edge of the scatter band were for the normalized+ tempered condition ( Material No. 48) or
for a treatment not reported ( Material No. 73).
Among the data not shown graphically were some of the tests comparing relaxation under bending versus
that in tension ( Material Nos. 73, 74, 75, and 114).
257
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12 Cr
I!!.
=·"' -... ....
Cl
~
] a.. ~ <11
.,
E
::J
c ":;
Chemical composition, % by wt . ! "-U .biii....·- _ >._
N
E ~·-NE
cli N
E
<11
c" I!! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.."'
0 .,_
E gt 5r ., .... z ·--" z ~-=z
0
~ 5l s 5c.
·;::
0
..
!!!
::!:
!!!
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Al Sn p s
.
.,
~
I-
'C 'C
'5i
.,c
I-
::!:
...e
::!: ci ::!:
w
c
0 .,
-c:i
cc
1 N 0.11 0.36 0.17 12.78 0.01 0. 010 0.020 Room 98.5 56. 23. 72.
679. 386.
2 N 0.14 0.43 0.35 12.2 0.20 o. 003 0.017 Room 115. 5 60. 22. 69.
796.3 414.
3 H 0.11 0.44 o. 39 12.04 o. 31 0.015 0.010 Room 103. 9 74.9 24. 66.
716.4 516.4
4 H 0.11 0.44 0.39 12.04 0. 31 0.015 0.010 Room 106.4 78.9 24. 64.
733.6 544.
5 H 0.10 0. 35 0.34 12.43 0.29 o. 01 0.01 Room 111. 4 88.4 21. 67.
768.1 609. 5
16Cr 6 x •o. 20
1. 00 1. 00 15.00 1. 25
max. max. max. to to
2 Ni
17.00 2.50
*Nominal composition.
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~- ,,;
~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..a;
a
=·-8.
::J
°& N
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final ~
:?
""':; u
::J LL. E
c:
Eio Z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
time,
~ 5! eEc. -c"'"'
""'" u ~ strain, stress, ·c:;
·=w..
Heat treatment (!)
.. ..
~
~
~
0
.,
:;;
I-
-c
..
·=w % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
2 N 7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 931 21. 4 25. 0 10.3 8.9 ( 7. 6) 1054
1800 F( 980 C ), 1/2 h, water quench; 499 147.6 172.4 71. 0 61. 4 (52. 4)
1200 F ( 650 C), 1 h, furnace cool.
3 H 1. 25 x 5 in. ( 32 x 127 mm). 1000 0.2 13. 8 10.7 8.0 ( 5.6) 3531
Finish roll 1450 F ( 790 C ) , air cool; 538 95.2 73.8 55. 2 (38. 6)
1157 F( 625 C ), temper.
4 H 1-5/16 x 1-3/16 in. (33 x 30 mm). 800 0.2 27. 21. ( 16.) 2546
Finish roll 1450F(790C), air cool; 427 186. 145. (110.)
1157F(625C), temper.
1000 0.2 12. 5 9. 6.4 ( 3. 6) 2531
538 86.2 62. 44. (24. 8)
5 H 1-1/8 x 4-11/16 in. (28. 6 x 119 mm) 1000 0.2 18.2 14. 4 11. 1 ( 8.6) 2540
Finish roll 1450 F( 790 C ), air cool; 538 125. 5 99. 3 76. 5 (59.3)
1175F(635C), 15h;
1100 F(595C), 15h.
6 x Type 431 stainless steel. 700 95.8 75. 68. 67.8 150 Automatic relaxation tester.
AN6C bolts. 371 660.5 517. 469. 467. 5 Data have been scaled from a plot
"'co
01
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12 Cr- Mo
.!E ., e·
t55
.. c~
....
N
a>
8 H o. 10 o. 43 0.31 12.67 0.41 0.32 0.020 0.008 Room 117.4 84.9 23. 67.
809.4 585.
9 H 0.09 0.50 0.28 12. 35 0.41 0. 29 0.020 0.021 Room 112.4 82.4 24. 68.
775.0 568.
10 H 0. 10 o. 43 0.31 12.67 0.41 o. 32 0.020 0.008 Room 114.9 84.9 23. 67. 5
792.2 585.
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.8E e
a
.. Residual stress, ~
.
::I
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
::I
..
(!)
.. ..
~
::!!
!l
Cl 'ii
I-
-~
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
-~
w
7 H 1-3/16 x 5-7/16 in. (30 x 138 mm). 1000 0.2 17.8 13.9 10.7 ( 8. 0) 2540
Finish roll 1450F(790C), air cool; 538 123. 95.8 73.8 (55. )
1175 F(635C ), 15 h;
1100F(595C), 15 h.
8 H 1-1/4 x 2-11/16 in. (32 x 68 mm). 800 0.2 35. 0 31. 0 ( 27.) 2545
Finishroll1450F(790C), air cool; 427 241. 214. (186.)
1157 F(625C), temper.
1000 0.2 21. 0 16.0 12.3 ( 7. O) 3530
538 145. 110. 85. (48. )
9 H 3/4 x 1-1/8 in. (19 x 28. 6 mm). 900 0.2 26. 0 20.0 15. 8 (12. 2) 3016
Finish roll 1450 F ( 790 C), air cool; 482 179.3 138. 109. (84.1)
1157 F(625C ), temper.
1000 0.2 15. 7 12.0 8.7 ( 6. O) 3311
538 108.2 83. 60. (41. 4)
10 H 1-7/16 x 5-1/16 in. (36. 5 x 129 mm) 900 0.2 26. 5 22.3 19.2 (15. O) 4055
Finishroll1450F(790C), air cool; 482 182.7 153.8 132.4 (103.)
1157 F(625C ), temper.
1000 0.2 17.0 13.5 10. 4 3520
538 117. 93.1 71. 7
11 88 110 lb (50 kg) basic induction furnac Oding ring method. (Bending).
Cast in 55 lb (25 kg) ingots; 1022 35.56 0.2 4000 Result was scaled from a small
Forged to bars; 550 245.2 1. 5 plot.
1920 F(1050C), oil quench;
1200 to 1255 F( 650 to 680C ),
temper.
""
....
O>
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12 Cr - Nb
e· ...
.8E
::l
c "':;" Chemical composition,% by wt.
a
tO. LLen
tiii
en ~·u;! ~·-NE
(.J
0 ..,_
N
! cJi
>._
N
E
-
0
'<t
'if'.
c·
'if'.
.,·
f Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"'
"'"'
E ., .,
"ii"'
c;;
!ii a>-" z ·--" z *-"'- 0
·;: ~ "'O "'O N.><Z ·~
~ ::!! ~ ::!! 0 ::!!
$ "'
10 .,
t: .,c Q.
en
c .,
-c:i
"'
::!! 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb p s I- I- e
a.. w
0
a:
12 H 0.15 0. 53 12.28 0.26 Room 138. 103. 20. 64. Izod impact 40 ft. lb. (54 Joules).
951. 5 710.
13 H 0.15 0.52 12. 56 0.46 Room 135. 99. 18. 64. Izod impact 35 ft. lb. (47. 5 Joules).
930. 8 682.6
14 H 0.09 0.30 0.36 12.72 0. 39 0.32 Room 131. 9 95. 9 18. 52. Charpy impact 22 ft. lb. (30 Joules).
909. 4 661.
15 H 0.09 0.42 0.42 13. 42 0.77 o. 32 Room 137.9 95. 9 16. 49.
950.8 661.
16 H 0.06 0.50 0.40 12. 17 0.70 0.30 Room 117. 0 57.9 21. 62. Charpy impact 31 ft. lb. (42 Joules).
806.7 399.
17 H 0.11 0.49 0.38 12. 09 o. 12 o. 32 Room 130. 5 19. 61. Charpy impact 35 ft. lb. (47. 5 Joules).
899.8
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!.
.2
..- Residual stress,
s
E form and size, history of material. "
10 :I·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
.!!!"
"
c: "'~ mu.. u °& S. E
MN/m 2
~ "
~ Heat treatment
~~~ uEco~ Z
C!J
strain, stress, stress, time, i!'
·o; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
. ..
2l
::!:
!!!
Cl
~~~
t;
"'
I-
·=jjj.. % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·=..
w
12 H Laboratory induction heat. 1000 0.2 30. 25. 18. 5 (13. 3) 3178
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 538 207. 172. 127.5 (91. 7)
2000 F ( 1095 C ), otl quench;
1200 F ( 650 C ), air cool.
14 H Laboratory induction heat. 900 0.2 41. 38. 34. (28. 5) 2480
1 in. ( 25 mm ) diameter. 482 283. 262. 234. (196. n
2012F(llOOC), 2 h, air cool;
1200 F ( 650 C ) , 2 h, furnace cool. 1000 0.2 31. 5 25. (19. 5) 2573
538 217. 172. (134. ")
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12Cr-W,(Mo)
.. c
.8E
.
e·
aI! ~
.... _
ii N
]
<Ji N -*
..,.
*~-
CJ ~ ·- E ~·-NE
.- ..
Chemical composition, % by wt.
"c l;! 8, LL 0 .. _
> ·- E c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c;;
5l" .,, ..... z ·--" z
se.fi'
0
~ -"Z
·~ ~Q. ·w. 0
::iii:
..
5
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Al N s ;
I-
~
c
~
::iii:
e
::iii: 0 ::iii:
c
0
iii
-.;
"'
a:
"-
18 H 0. 17 0.28 0.28 12.03 1. 78 2. 93 Room 143.4 87.5 16. 40. Charpy impact 30 ft. lb. (40. 5 Joules)
988.7 603.
19 H 0.11 0.29 0. 31 14.15 2.05 2.46 Room 134. 5 98.5 20. 55. Charpy impact 36. 5 ft. lb. (49. 5 Joules).
927.3 679.
20 Q 0.24 0.87 0. 13 11. 76 0. 51 0.43 2.81 0.40 0.053 Room 268.0 202. 8.
1848. 1393.
600 246.3 183. a 7.5
316 1698. 1267.
800 238.4 176.€ 8.
427 1644. 1218.
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.8E
2!• ..·
::J
c
.,
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..8.
~
uLL.
..:!
:::::S · - N
-g a~
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final s
"
:!
:I e .. z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment $E .g
"'"'
.g u ~CJ strain, stress, time, ·;;
$ a ·i ·~
...;
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
::.!! c"' w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
18 H 2012 F( llOOC ), 4 h, air cool; 1000 0.2 23. 19. 11. 8 ( 6. 2) 3354
1202F(650C), 4 h, air cool; 538 159. 131. 81. 4 (42. 8)
1112 F (600C ), 2 h, furnace cool.
1100 0.2 16. 11. 6. 5 2590
593 110. 76. 44.8
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12Cr-W,V
.8E e! fi. ..
]
0
~
"'"'""
:I
c
.
l:!
:I
Chemical composition, % by wt.
a~
!. u.. (.J
iii""
~
w
N
E ~·-NE
0 w-.. ~-~!
·-w -..
tn N
-..
*.!!c' *...
..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E : g' z a<.>< z
~ ~ s"tl-o :;; z ·- .>< ::!!:
"'"" ::!!: 5 ic 0
.. :!.
!l
::!!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s .
t:
I-
c
i!
0.
~ ::!!:
...e 0
·u:;
-c..
a:
21 H 0.29 1. 00 0.26 11. 68 0.12 0.25 2.42 Room 126.2 75.0 23. 52. Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. (24. 5 Joules).
870.5 517.
22 H 0.29 1. 00 0.26 11. 68 0.12 0.25 2.42 Room 142. 93. 19. 50. Charpy impact 14 to 16 ft. lb. (19 to 22
979. 641. Joules).
23 H 0.29 1. 00 0.26 11. 68 0.12 0.25 2.42 Room 153. 5 103. 16. 41. Charpy impact 12 ft. lb. (16 Joules).
1058. 710.
24 H 0.32 1. 29 0.42 12.5 0.21 0.07 0.26 2.44 0.020 0.015 Room 156. 3 102.5 126.2 14. 41. Charpy impact 10 ft. lb. (13. 5 Joules).
1078. 707. 870.
26 H 0.20 0. 25 0.33 13.14 0.22 3.14 Room 146.5 19. 44. Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. (27 Joules).
1010.
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.8E f ~
Residual stress, ~
"'
w
% ksi 1
h
10
h
100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
w
~ MN/m 2 h h h MN/m 2
21 H 4-1/16 in. (103 mm) diameter. 1050 0.2 20.5 16. 1 11. 3 ( 8. 0) 2478
1900F(1040C ), air cool; 566 141. 111. 78. (55. )
1200 F ( 650 C ), 16 h, air cool;
1150F(620C), 20 h, air cool;
1400 F ( 760 C ) , 5 h, air cool.
22 H 4-1/16 in. (103 mm) diameter. 1050 0.2 21. 0 16.8 12. 0 ( 7. 9) 2478
1900F(1040C ), air cool; 566 145. 116. 83. (54. 5)
1200 F ( 650 C ), 16 h, air cool;
1150F(620C), 20h, air cool;
1300F(705C), 5 h, air cool.
23 H 4-1/16 in. (103 mm) diameter. 1050 0.2 26.0 21. 2 15. 3 ( 9. 5) 3280
1900F(l040C), air cool; 566 179. 146. 105.5 (65. 5)
1200F(650C), 16 h, air cool;
1150 F ( 620 C ), 20 h, air cool.
24 H 2-9/16 in.(65 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 28. 23. 18. (11. 7) 2700
1885 F ( 1030 C ), air cool; 538 193. 159. 124. (80. 7)
1200 F ( 650 C ), 12 h, air cool.
1050 o. 2 23. 18.2 12. 5 ( 7.8) 2160
566 159. 125.5 86. (53. 8)
25 H 1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 27. 23. 18. (12.0) 3480
2050 F ( 1120 C ), oil quench; 538 186. 159. 124. (82. 7)
1400F(760C), air cool.
26 H Laboratory induction heat. 1000 0.2 35. 30. 22. 5 (13. 3) 3354
1/2 in. (12. 7 mm) diameter. 538 241. 207. 155. (91. 7)
2010 F ( 1100 C ), 4 h, air cool;
1200F(650C), 2 h, air cool;
1100 F ( 600 C ), 2 h, air cool.
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12Cr-Mo,V
jj i
a t5i
..·
]
0
'o:t
-.
N
O>
CD
E *~-
~
:I
c "'~
:I
~
Chemical composition, % by wt. f
!E .g
"'"'
....
!. u.. u ~ ·- -.E ~ ·- E u?
~ :;;
N
z ·-
"'""' :::e
0 .. -.
>._ E
""'z ~ -"Z
N
..... *c·
0 .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
28 H 0.32 1. 08 0.40 11. 58 o. 18 2.57 0.25 0. 018 0.015 Room 143.5 87.5 17. 45. Charpy impact 8. 5 ft. lb. (11. 5 Joules).
989.4 603.
29 H 0.30 0.90 0. 30 12. 16 0.34 2.80 0.28 0.020 0.023 Room 107. 71. 22. 47. Charpy impact 10 ft. lb. (13. 5 Joules).
738. 490.
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!E e· M
Residual stress, ~
28 H 3. 5 in. (89 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 32.9 27.5 20.5 1960
2000 F(l095C), 6 h, oil quench; 538 227. 190. 141.
1300F(705C), 6 h, air cool.
1080 0.2 24.7 20.0 13.0 4208
582 170. 138. 89.6
29 H 6. 25 in. (159 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 26.5 18.5 8.8 703
2000F(1095C ), 6 h, oil quench; 538 183. 127.5 60.7
1300F(705C), 6 h, air cool.
1080 0.2 14.4 9.8 5. 5 3026
582 99. 67.6 38.9
30 H 4 in. (102 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 27.3 21. 0 14.7 3696
2000 F ( 1095 C ), 6 h, oil quench; 538 188. 145. 101.
1300 F ( 705 C ), 6 h, air cool.
1080 0.2 19.2 12.5 6.2 1773
582 132. 86.2 42.8
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12Cr-Mo,V
!!. -s· ... "'0
-
Cl
.8E ..... ] '<l' -J
::J
8. u..
"'
i: N cli
* *..!!-
..
Q>
::J
i: "'l::! Chemical composition,% by wt. (.J
e·w~ ~·-NE >·-NE i:· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
se::
Oi
::J 0 ~
.,-" z ·--" z ~~z
- 0
·;: si :? ~
-~ 0
..
"C "C
~ :!: d
~
:!:
~
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p
:;;
s .... . i:
~
CL
~
0..
:!:
"'i:0
w
-c
cc"'
32 32 0.25 11. 3 0.70 0.90 0. 31 Room 122.8 95.3 20. 4 59.
846.3 657.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
2£ .
.= Residual stress, -
B
E
:::J
c:
.,u form and size, history of material . ~
O>U..(.J
-60 ·~NE
a._
Initial
ksi
Final u
.!!
:; ~ g> :r E~ z MN/m 2 ?: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~.,
:0
..Sl
:0
Heat treatment s-c
.,
t:
"'C u -
-~
.!!!
C!1
strain,
%
stress,
ksi 1 10 100 500 10,000 ksi
stress, time,
h
·;;;
·~
"'
:E 0 I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
32 32 DIN X22CrMoV 12. 1 797 26.0 0.18 24.6 Bolt specimen tested in a block.
1870-1960 F(1020-1070C ), air cool; 425 179.5 169.7 Results have been scaled from a
1255-1400 F ( 680-760 C ). plot of residual stress versus
896 24.3 0.18 16.5 12. 1 30,00( temperature.
480 167.7 113. 8 83.4
33 96 DIN 17006, Type X22 CrMoV 12. 1 662 57.6 51. 2 49.6 48.0 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 397. 2 353. 342. 329.5 determined using rings of uniform
"Heat treated". section.
662 43.7 41. 0 39.7 38. 3 2700
350 301.1 282. 274. 264.
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12Cr-Mo,V
.; c~
!E
"'c
cu
!:! Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
~!. ... CJ
ti N
]
e ··! ~·-NE >._
ui ..
E
-*
c·
*f- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
..."j Sl"' !E .g
"'"'
:E ~
0 .. _
.g ...... z ·- .... z ~~z
0
'ic "'
0
.. c..
:E
!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s i!
t:
'ii
c
i!
Q.
e
~
::!: 0 :E
0
iii
.,
-ci
cc
34 96 0. 17 0.70 0.40 10.5
- - max. max. - - -0.3 -
0.25
- Room 126.6
872.8
0. 23 12.5 0.8 0. 35
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!!.
.8E M
Residual stress, ~
.. ..
$
:ii
:!
0 ..
~
M
I- w
..
·~
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
500
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·-=
w
34 96 DIN 17006, Type X22CrMoV 12.1 662 57.75 51. 6 50.9 49.2 2700 Residual stresses in bending,
350 398. 2 356. 351. 339. determined using rings of uniform
"Heat treated" section.
662 43.25 40.4 39.5 38.3 2700
350 298.1 278.5 273. 264.
35 88 Melted in 120 lb (55 kg) basic in- 1022 35. 56 6.8 4000 Oding ring method; bending.
duction furnace from technical iron 550 245.2 47.1 Average residual stresses from
and ordinary ferroalloys; Forged to two or more tests each have been
bars 0. 7 in. (18 mm) square, 0. 3 5 x scaled from a plot.
0. 55 in. (9x14 mm) section, or 0. 8
in. (20 mm) diameter.
1920 F ( 1050 C ), oil quench;
1200-1255 F(650-680C ), temper.
36 88 [Same as for Material No. 35]. 1022 35. 56 2.2 4000 [Same as for Material No. 35].
""" nAC
-
n •
--· -
~ n
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12 Cr- Mo,W,V
!E ., e·
E
~-
..
]
Cl
"""
~ ~
:I
c !:!
:I
Chemical composition, % by wt. t LL(.) ~~"' ·- "'E ~·-NE
.... ~ 0 ..
cli
>._.. "'
E
'ii<
c·
.,·
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0"'
~ 0
;;; E .,"' "'"' °'"" z ·--" z
Q. ~ ~
·;: R ~ "D "D :;; ::!: ~ N-"Z -~
a ., .,c ::!: ci ::!:
"'c0 .,
,;
*
t; Q.
"'
::!: Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s I- I- e
a.. w a:
37 H 0.22 1. 02 0.80 13.59 0.61 1. 02 0.25 0.30 0.022 0.015 Room 152. 2 113. 19. 51. Charpy impact 18-20 ft. lb. (24. 5-27
1049. 779. Joules).
38 H 0.19 1.15 0.77 12.79 0.77 1. 03 0.24 0.20 0.020 0.018 Room 143. 5 107.3 18. 49. Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. (27 Joules).
990. 740.
39 H 0.20 1. 15 0.73 12.85 0.77 1. 02 0.26 0.26 0.017 0. 011 Room 156. 116. 8 17. 41. Charpy impact 13-14 ft. lb. (17. 5-19
1056. 805.3 Joules).
40 95 0. 19 0.77 0.20 12.8 0.77 1. 03 0.24 1. 15 0.020 0.018 70 143. "106. 16. 47.8
21 986. 731.
1300 33.4 33. 92.4
704 230.
41 95 0.19 0.84 0.47 12.7 0.66 1. 03 0. 30 0.97 70 162. •110. 16. 44.
21 1117. 758.
1300 40.5
704 279.
42 u 0. 19 0.77 0.20 12.79 0.77 1. 03 0.24 1.15 0.020 0.018 Room 144. '107. 18. 49. Rupture strengths at 1050 F ( 566 C):
993. 738. 1000 h: 46 ksi (317 MN/m2).
10,000h: 37 ksi ( 255 MN/m2 ).
Room 146. *106. 16. 43.
1007. 731.
1300 38. 35. 92.
704 262.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
..
..:!
Residual stress,
B
~
"'
::!! "'
Cl I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
37 H 1-5/16 in. (33 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 32. 28.5 22.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), oil quench; 538 221. 196.5 152.
1150 F ( 620 C ), temper.
1050 0.2 31. 24.5 16.4 (10. 3) 2680
566 214. 169. 113. (71. )
39 H 4-9/16 in. (116 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 34. 29. 22.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), oil quench; 538 234. 5 200. 152.
1150F(620C), 12 h, furnace cool.
40 95 Modified Crucible 422. 1100 18.1 o. 2 26.0 25. 7 21. 2 15. 7 2.0 700 Manual load reductions.
1600 F ( 870 C ), 2 h, furnace cool; 593 124.8 179. 3 177. 146. 108. 13.8
1900 F ( 1040 C ), 2 h, oil quench;
1250 F ( 675 C ), 6 h, air cool.
1100 18.2 o. 2 32.0 26.1 21. 7 16.3 3.1 350 Automatic relaxation tester.
593 125.5 220.6 180. 150. 112. 21. 4
41 95 Modified Crucible 422. 1050 20.4 0.2 37.0 32. 1 27.4 21.1 14.2 2.0 2000 Manual load reductions.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), oil quench; 566 140.6 255.1 221. 189. 145.5 98. 13.8
1200 F ( 650 C ), air cool.
1050 19. 4 0.2 38.5 31. 5 27.1 21. 9 15. 1 2.2 2000 Automatic relaxation tester.
566 133.8 265.5 217. 187. 151. 104. 15. 2
42 u ASTM A437 (Crucible 422). 1000 17.4 o. 2 28.0 25. 19. (13. 5) 15. 5500 "Flow-rate" tests.
2. 56 in. (65 mm) diameter. 538 120.0 193. 0 172. 131. (93. ) 103.
1900F(1040C), 3 h, oil quench;
1150F(620C), 12h. 1100 19. 2 0.2 30. 0 19. 12. 5 ( 6. 0) 15. 3350
593 132.4 206. 8 131. 86. (41. 4) 62.
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12 Cr-Mo,W,V
.,·
~
E .,
"'r:. l:! Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
a~
8. .... tJ
iZ
.
:;, ·-
N
~
,._E ~·-NE
0 ,._
Cl)
>._
N
E
-
0
q-
*-r:.·
*-.,·
..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
44 u 0.20 0.73 0.26 12.85 0.77 1. 02 0.26 1. 15 0.017 0. 011 Room 156. *117. 17 41.
1076. 807.
Room 159. 118. 14. 40.
1096. 814.
1300 41. 35. 92.
704 283.
45 u 0. 19 0.79 0.20 12.79 0.77 1. 03 0. 24 1. 15 0.020 0.018 Room 131. 103. 18. 59.
903. 710.
Room 130. 102 20. 59.
896. 703.
1300 27. 43. 94.
704 186.
46 u 0. 19 0.77 0.20 12.79 0.77 1. 03 0. 24 1. 15 0.020 0.018 Room 143. 106. 16. 48.
986. 731.
Room 143. 104. 16. 48.
986. 717.
1300 33. 33. 92.
704 227. 5
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!?•
af!
.·
::J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
~
form and size, history of material. -g s. ..§ ksi
-; ·- N
::J
"'~::J 8. .... u 4!!
c
e .. z MN/m 2 stress, .~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
iii E .g"'"'
.g u ~ 0 strain, stress, time,
·;: ~ Heat treatment l!l u
.,
l!l .,
!I t: "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ..
~
w
:::!: 0 "'
I- ijj MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
43 u ASTM A437 ( Crucible 422 ). 900 18.0 0.1 18. 0 15. 12. 11. 3834 "Flow-rate" tests.
1. 31 in. (33 mm) diameter. 482 124.1 124. 1 103. 5 83. 76.
1900F(1040C ), oil quench;
1150F(620C), temper. 900 19.B 0.15 27.0 24. 21. (18. 8) 20. 3834
482 136. 5 186.2 165. 5 145. (130.) 13B.
44 u ASTM A437 ( Crucible 422 ). 1000 24.5 o. 2 38.0 29. 22. (14. 3) 17. 4000 "Flow-rate" tests.
4. 56 in. (116 mm) diameter. 538 169. 262.0 200. 152. (98. 6) 117.
1900F(1040C ), oil quench;
1150F(620C), 12 h, furnace cool. 1100 18.0 0.2 30.0 17. 10.5 ( 5. ) 7. 3800
593 124. 206. 8 117. 72. (34. 5) 48.
45 u ASTM A437 (Crucible 422). 1100 20.1 0.2 31. 0 15. 5 11. ( 5. 5) 8. 2969 "Flow-rate" test.
2x3 in. (51 x 76 mm) bar. 593 138.6 213. 7 107. 76. (38. )
1600F(870C), 2 h, furnace cool;
1900F(1040C ), 2 h, oil quench;
1300F(705C), 6 h, air cool.
46 u ASTM A437 ( Crucible 422 ). 1100 17.0 0.2 26. 0 16. 10. ( 5.8) 8. 2600 "Flow-rate" test.
2 x 3 in. (51 x 76 mm) bar. 593 117. 2 179.3 110. 69. (40. ) 55.
1600F(870C), 2 h, furnace cool;
1900 F ( 1040C ), 2 h, oil quench;
1250F(675C), 6 h, air cool.
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12 Cr - Mo,W, V
'!!. ~ 0
~
E ., aE t&i ] 'II'
.....
*
::r
c: ~
::r
Chemical composition, % by wt. !. u.
N
·- E ~·-NE >._
.........
(,,) ~
v,j
E
N
* c:'
f~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ ~ !~~
E "'"'
:!: ~
0
.,-" z ·--" z .......
*"' . . .
.-.-"Z
'i
0
"'
0
!
"'
:!:
~
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Co p s
.
~
I-
~
c:
~
c.
~
0..
:!: ci :!:
w
c:
0 .
-c:i
a:
47 u 0.22 0.60 0.36 13. 03 0.68 0.97 0.38 1. 05 0.016 0.014 Room 147. 110. 24. 44.
1014. 758.
Room 148. 116. 22. 45.
1020. 800.
48 77 0.23 0. 81 0.16 13.19 0.65 1. 03 0.25 0.84 0. 011 0.022 Room 149. 94. 18. 5 50.4 Charpy impact 20 ft. lb. (27 Joules).
1027. 648.
49 43 0.25 0.80 0. 37 11. 48 0.80 0.99 0.25 1.14 0.05 0.014 0.010 Room 156. 118. 17. 47. Charpy impact 13. 5 ft. lb. (18 Joules).
Sn Al
1076. 814.
0.05 0.03
50 u 0.21 0.73 0. 51 13.19 0.75 1. 04 o. 39 0.90 0.017 0.009 Room 140. 100. 24. 46.
965. 689.5
51 u 0.23 0.82 0. 45 13. 00 0.66 1. 05 0.34 1.10 0.020 0.022 Room 148. 114. 20. 46.
1020. 786.
Room 145. 112. 22. 48.
1000. 772.
52 u 0.22 0.60 0.36 13.03 0.68 0.97 0.38 1. 05 0.016 0.014 Room 118. 82. 30. 54.
814. 565.
Room 117. 82. 30. 54.
807. 565.
53 u 0.23 0. 75 0. 33 11. 82 0.85 0.84 0.24 o. 82 0.025 0.013 Room 151. 118. 16. 40.
1041. 814.
54 u 0.23 0.78 0.28 12. 32 0.82 0.92 0.21 0.82 0.023 0. 011 Room 149. 112. 12. 38.
1027. 772.
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~-
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~ ""' Initial
Residual stress,
£
., form and size, history of material. ~ "5 ·- N
ksi
Final
"
.!!
c" ~ 8. u... u "8 s. ! MN/m 2
z strain,
E "'"' uE«> (!) ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
;;;
·;: "
~ Heat treatment l'!~~ := stress, stress, time, :s;?
.. ..
l'!
::!!
:s
Cl
.,"'
~
I-
..
·~
jjj
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
t:
jjj
47 u ASTM A437 (Crucible 422). 1150 16.3 0.2 21. 0 12. 4. 3. 1750 "Flow-rate" test.
4. 56 in. (116 mm) diameter. 621 112. 4 144.8 83. 28. 21.
1900F(1040C ), oil quench;
1200F(650C), air cool.
48 77 3. 5 in. (89 mm) diameter. 1100 0.2 18.6 13.9 8.3 ( 3. 9) 2660
1900F(1040C), air cooled; 593 128. 96. 57. (27. )
1100 F( 595C ), 4 h, air cool;
1200 F ( 650 C ) , 5 h, furnace cool. 1200 0.2 16. 11. 5. 0.96 980
649 110. 76. 34.5 6.6
49 43 Bar stock 1050 0.21 29.5 22.5 18.7 15. 4 13.5 300
1900F(1040C ), 1 h, oil quench; 566 203.4 155. 129. 106. 93.
1200 F ( 650 C ), 6 h, air cool.
50 u 4. 06 in. (103 mm) diameter. 1150 0.2 21. 0 9.5 ( 3. ) 5. 500 "Flow-rate" test.
1900F(1040C), oil quench; 621 144.8 65.5 (21. ) 34.5
1200 F ( 650 C ), air cool.
51 u 2. 31 in. (58. 7 mm) diameter. 1150 0.2 22.0 10. ( 4. ) 6. 370 "Flow-rate" test.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), oil quench; 621 151. 7 69. (28. ) 41. 4
1200 F ( 650 C ), air cool.
52 u 4. 56 in. (116 mm) diameter. 1150 15. 0 0.2 11. 0 6.5 4. 5 ( 2. 8) 4. 149 0 "Flow-rate" test.
1900F(1040C), oil quench; 621 103.4 75. 8 45. 31. (19. ) 27.6
1200 F ( 650 C ), air cool;
1350F(730C), 6 h, air cool.
53 u 4. 12 in. (104. 6 mm) diameter. 1000 21. 3 0.2 34.0 25. 19. (13. ) 15. 4535 "Flow-rate" test.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), oil quench; 538 146.9 234.4 172. 131. (90. ) 103. 4
l200F(650C), temper.
54 u 4. 12 in. (104. 6 mm) diameter. 1000 19. 7 0.2 33.0 20.5 15. ( 8. 5) 11. 3408 "Flow-rate" test.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), oil quench; 538 135. 8 227.5 141. 103. (59. ) 76.
1200F(650C), temper.
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
c'<t
-*
N
f ~
.8E .,
~8. ....
tii ~ *ff °"
0
.... _
~
::i
c: f:!
::i
S!
.. c!!!.
l!l
Chemical composition, % by wt.
~
E .g
l!l
..
(.J
Z ·-
.g :;;cu-"' :::!:
"'"'
c:
m
N
.b ·- E ~·-NE
~
0 ,._
c.
_,. z
<Ji
>.-
~ ..
:::!: 0
- "i
N
E
..><Z
:::!:
r:0
c:
..
0
.,
i:i
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:::!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s m
~
~ ~
"- w
0
er:
55 R 0.22 0.80 0.30 13. 59 0.61 1. 02 0. 25 1. 02 0.022 0.015 Hardness: BHN 302 to 311.
Creep-rupture strengths at 1000 F ( 538 C):
Time,h stress, ksi (MN/m2 ).
10 66 (455)
100 59 (407)
1000 53 (365)
56 R 0.22 0.77 0.33 13.24 0.76 0.99 0.25 1. 03 0.021 0.018 Room 128. 104.4 21. 56. Hardness: BHN 255.
882.E 719. 8 Creep-rupture strengths at 900 F ( 482 C ) :
Time,h stress, ksi (MN/m2)
10 80 (552)
100 76 (524)
1000 69 (476)
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j e· ... Residual stress,
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
g ..=
~
Initial
ksi
Final ~
u
-g s. ~
·- N
::J
c "'~::J !. u L1.
e .. z MN/m 2
~
~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
ii
S! Heat treatment s,,,,
E CD
"'"'
CU
.~~CJ strain,
stress, stress. time, ·c:;
"j
.. ..
::;;
!!!
0
t:
...."'
t:
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
•t;
w
55 R ASTM A437, Grade B4B. 1000 0.10 18.12 13.6 12. 5 (11. 6) 12.5 3721 Robinson step-down method.
Electric furnace. 538 125. 0 94. 86. (80. ) 86.2
1-3/16 in. (21 mm) square.
Hot rolled; Commercial heat treat; 1000 o. 15 31. 25 21. 2 18.3 (15. 9) 18.12
Re-heat treat in laboratory: 538 215. 5 146. 126. (110.) 125.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), 1 h, oil quench;
1150F(620C), 4 h, air cool. 1100 o. 15 20.0 13.2 10. ( 7. 9) 9.5 3675
593 137. 9 91. 69. (54. 5) 65.5
56 R ASTM A437, Grade B4C. 900 0.10 20.0 16. 2 15.3 (14. 5) 15. 5 Robinson step-down method.
Electric furnace. 482 137.9 112. 105.5 (100.) 106.9
2-7/16 x 4-1/8 in. (62 x 105 mm).
Hot rolled; 900 0.15 31. 62 23.3 20.5 (18.1) 19.62 3920
Commercial quench, about 1900 F 482 218.0 161. 141. (125.) 135. 3
( 1040C );
straightened; 900 o. 15 31. 62 27.0 24.4 (21. 6) 22.62 3601 2
stress relieved; 482 218.0 186. 168. (149.) 156. 0
Tempered about 1300 F ( 705 C ).
900 o. 15 31. 62 27.7 26.4 (25. 2) 25. 62 3
482 218.0 191. 182. (174.) 176.7
Above specimen, reloaded: 900 0.23 41. 0 31. 9 29.4 (27 .1) 29.0
482 282.7 220. 203. (187.) 200.0
""
0)
.-
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
... c'<!"
.!E -~
!.
aE tiii
.... _
]
en -* *..
.. -
Cl>
Chemical composition, % by wt. N N
::J
c l:! 8. LL.() l:l ·- l
E 0 .. _ ~.- E
·-NE c· Cl>
Iii
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
aE "Ogt "Of :;;., .... ::!:
z ·- .... z ~ .... z
::J 0
~
.. c..
ii
51
l!! ~
c.
::!: d ::!: 'ic Ci
-ti
;i iii e
::!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s I- I-
D..
0
iii
Cl>
cc
57 R 0.22 0.80 0.30 13. 59 0.61 1. 02 0. 25 1. 02 0.022 0.015 Room 119. 93. 25. 58. Hardness: BHN 255 to 269.
820. 641. Creep-rupture strengths at 1000F(538C):
Time,h stress, ksi/t MN/m 2)
10 65 (448)
100 56 (386)
1000 48 (331)
58 R 0.17 0. 93 0.38 12.66 0.79 0.94 0.26 1. 06 0.027 0. 020 Room 112. 7 99.2 22.5 58.6
846.3 684. Tempered martensite with scattered
ferrite stringers.
Hardness: BHN 255.
59 R 0.17 0.93 0.38 12.66 0.79 0.94 0.26 1. 06 0.027 0. 020
60 y 0.19 1. 00 0.72 13.49 0.77 1. 07 0.36 1. 02 0.020 0.012 Room 145.8 121. 4 20. 58. Hardness: BHN 321.
1005. 837. Izod impact 19-20 ft. lb. (26-27 Joules).
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j
2!. ... Residual stress, ~
su
E ., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
g -=
:::I·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
:l a; "g S. E .:?
c:
o;
~
:l E.,.,
LL U
Q. " ' " ' e ... z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·u
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment ·~ ~
.. c.. ·=iii..
J!l"C "C
l!l
:E
fl ~
.,
w
....
..
iii
C)
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
57 R ASTM A437, Grade B4C. 1000 0.15 25. 62 17.4 14.8 (12. 6) 14.38 2160 Robinson step-down method.
Electric furnace. 538 176.7 120. 102. (87. ) 99.2
13/16 in. (21 mm) square.
1900 F ( 1040 C ), 1 h, oil quench; 1000 0.15 25. 62 21. 3 19.4 (17. 6) 20.0 Above specimen, reloaded.
1300 F ( 705 C ), 4 h, air cool. 538 176.7 147. 134. (121. ) 137.9
58 R ASTM A437, Grade B4C. 900 0.15 34. 85 27.9 25.6 (23. 5) 25. 85 3000 Robinson step-down method.
Threads Electric furnace. 482 240.3 192. 176.5 (162.) 178.2 Full-threaded section; Rolled
Round bars hot rolled;Heat treated; threads with O. 614 in. (15 mm)
Threaded; 1000 0.15 30. 85 16.0 13.8 (11. 9) 15. 85 3700 minor diameter.
Commercial quench, about 1900 to 538 212.7 110. 95. (82. ) 109. 3
1950F(1040to 1065C);
Tempered about 1300F(705C), 6h, 1100 0.15 19. 8 10.6 8.3 ( 6. 5) 8.8 3600
air cooled. 593 136.5 73. 57. (45. ) 60. 7
59 R Same as for Material No. 82, but 900 o. 15 34.85 26.1 21. 9 (18. 4) 21. 35 3771 Robinson step-down method.
Threads with ground threads. 482 240.3 180. 151. (127.) 147.2 Full-threaded section; Ground
threads with O. 619 in. (15. 7 mm)
1000 0.15 30. 85 15.5 12.7 (10. 4) 12.1 3076 minor diameter.
538 212.7 107. 87.6 (71. 7) 83.4
60 y Crucible 422. 900 36. 0 30.0 28.4 24.9 (20. 0) 21. 2 6339 Wtial strain corresponds to 45 ksi
1. 5 in. (38 mm) diameter. 482 248.2 207. 196. 172. (138.) 146.2 (310 MN/m 2 ) stress at room
temperature.
950 32.2 26.8 24.4 23.6 270
510 222.0 185. 168. 162.7
"'
00
"'
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
! ...· ....c
]
E ~... tS ~
~
.....
#.
#.
...
0 ·- e
N
::J
.c "'I:? Chemical composition, % by wt. u.. CJ
Q ·- E ~
.........
N
>._ E 0c ; Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
-.; ::J
!!. .g"' .g"' ~...... :ez ·--" .......
.......
z ~ _,.z
"i :i..
Sl
t: c CL
5 :e 0 :e "i c
0
-D
:e c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Cu p s CD
I- ~ e
a..
0
w a:"'
61 y o. 31 0.74 0. 32 11. 92 0.16 2.10 0. 58 1. 36 0.14 0.014 0.019 Hardness: BHN 302 to 311.
62 y 0.23 0.64 0. 35 12.94 0.63 0.97 0.24 0.83 0.18 0.012 0.015 Hardness: BHN 302 to 311.
64 y
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j Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e
i!
..
:I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final 2
~
E :i ·-
:I cu form and size, history of material. "'8. u.. ]
N
S, E ksi .:"
c
... :;"
sE "OCU"'"'
(.J
Eoo z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time,
?;' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~"
CD ·i;
·;: Si Heat treatment
l!!
"'
::!:;
!!!
c"'
..
~
....cu
"O u
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
w
61 y Crucible 422. 950 31. 0 27.2 25. 3 23.1 16.7 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
2000F(1095 C ), 0. 5 h, oil quench; 510 213.7 187.5 174. 159. 115. MN/m 2 ) initial stress at room
13 00 F ( 705 C ) , 2 h, oil quench. temperature.
1050 26.0 23.3 21. 2 18.2 11. 8
566 179.3 161. 146. 125. 5 81.
62 y Crucible 422. 1050 28.0 23.1 20.0 17.0 10.0 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1900F(1040C ), O. 5 h, oil quench; 566 193.0 159. 138. 117. 69. MN/m 2 ) initial stress at room
1200F(650C), 1 h, oil quench. temperature.
63 y Crucible 422 barstock. 900 37.1 33. 30. 28. 24.8 1002 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1900F(1040C ), O. 5 h, oil quench; 482 255. 8 227.5 207. 193. 171. MN/m 2 ) initial stress at room
1300 F( 705 C ), 1 h, oil quench. temperature.
950 33.3 28.3 24.7 25. 5 14.5 1052
510 229.6 195. 170. 176. 100.
64 y Crucible 422 barstock. 950 31. 8 28.0 25. 5 22. 5 (18. 9) 958 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1900F(1040C), 0.5h, oilquench; 510 219.2 193. 176. 155. (130.) MN/m 2 ) initial stress at room
1300 F (705 C ), 1 h, oil quench. temperature.
1050 30. 7 26.3 23.1 18.8 (12. 7) 895
566 211, 7 181. 159. 130. (87. 5)
65 y Crucible 422 barstock. 1275 24.4 13.0 6,8 2.0 70 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1 in. (25 mm) square. 691 168.2 90. 47. 13.8 MN/m 2 ) initial stress at room
temperature.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1275 14.0 6.4 4.7 4.0 24
691 96.5 44. 32. 27.6
66 y Crucible 422. 1275 29.4 15. 3 8.2 5.0 24 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1 in. (25 mm) square bar. 691 202.7 105.5 56. 5 34.5 MN/m 2 ) initial stress at room
temperature.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1275 19. 7 9.0 5.8 4.8 24
691 135. 8 62. 40. 33.1
:
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
.8E ~
i
., ..
fi.
cCl)
~
]
cJi -
..,.0
<fl. ..·
<fl.
""
00
°'
..
N
::J
c "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. g_ "- u ~·u;! ~·-NE
0 .. _
> ·- E
N
c· ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
., .... z ·--" z
seff
::J 0
iij <fl."'-
~ N-"Z ·w, 0
·;: "O "O
:!!! ~
..
l!!
~
c
:!!! ci :!!!
-0
* t: CL c
:!!! 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s CD
t- t! E
D.. jjj
0
a:"'
67 y
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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j Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
j3 ~
.· Residual stress, ~
E
:I
c "'I:? form and size, history of material • ~ .a·;;
8. u ~ ..a.2
L1.
NE
Initial
ksi
Final ti
:!
MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"'"'-c u:: 0
o; :J
E "'"' strain, stress, stress, time,
·;: ~ Heat treatment l!l -c :§
l!l
"'
~
a
"'
0 ii
I-
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
10ot
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h :;;
"'
w
67 y Crucible 422 barstock. 1150 56.0 30. 0 24.5 18.3 16.0 194
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 621 386. 1 207. 169. 126. 110.3
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
-
N
0
.... 00
00
*~-
.,
:i
Chemical composition, % by wt. cJi
>._
~ .
N-"Z
c:i
- "i
N
E
:::!:
r::."
0
r::.
m
0
-g
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s 0
Lil a:
67 y
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.8E
!.
a
.= Residual stress,
s
~
=c:
..
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ~ 3
8. LL.(.) '8 S.!
·-N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
.:!!
iii = E .. z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
E ''"'' u~ 0 strain, stress, stress. time,
~ l!l~-!l ·;;
"i
:E
~
0
Heat treatment
ii
·~
w
ca % ksi 1
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h "i
w
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
67 y (Concluded). 1200 44.2 23.3 18.1 13.8 49.0
649 304. 8 161. 125. 95.2
1250 38. 9 18. 5 12.9 4.6 4. 1 113. 7
677 268.2 127.5 89. 32. 28.3
1250 38. 8 20. 1 13. 5 ( 5.1) 5.2 98.3
677 267.5 139. 93. (35. ) 35. 8
1250 34.2 19. 5 12.3 5.0 92.
677 235. 8 134.5 85. 34.5
1250 34.1 18. 9 12. 0 5.3 4.9 168.0
677 235.1 130. 83. 36.5 33.8
1250 33.1 22.2 16.0 10. 5 50.
677 228.2 153. 110. 72.4
1250 31. 5 16.6 10. 3 4.3 72
677 217.2 114.5 71. 29.6
1250 13.0 9.5 6.2 4.4 26
677 89.6 65.5 43. 30. 3
1300 26.5 10. 2 4.7 2.7 25
704 182.7 70. 32. 5 18.6
1300 26. 5 11. 5 4.5 2.8 25
704 182.7 79. 31. 19.3
1300 23.1 10. 2 3.3 1. 0 89.2
704 159.3 70. 23. 6.9
1300 22. 9 9.7 4.3 1. 9 65. 4
704 157.9 67. 30. 13.1
1300 18. 5 8. 9 4.0 2.4 42.5
704 127.6 61. 27.5 16.6
...
cc
I co
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
jj e· .;;" ..· av
E
:J
c
.,
:::! Chemical composition,% by wt .
~
~
..
u..
(J
"'m N
~ ·- .....
]
i'6
> N
uj N
.....
?f1. ....
?f1.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
.A
::J
Initial
Residual stress, ..
J3u
., form and size, history of material. ~ :i ·- N
ksi
Final
.!!
::J
c: !:! 8_ LL U "8 a.!.
iii ::J
E ""'' .!::?~
e ... z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·o; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment fl~-!
.. ..
fl
::!:
l!!
0 ii
I-
..
t:
w
(!)
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
68 y Crucible 422 bar stock. 1000 34.0 30.0 28.2 26.0 (20. 5)
As received. 538 234.4 207. 194. 179. (141.)
69 y Crucible 422. 1275 29.5 15.0 6. 1 3.9 24 strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310
1 in. (25 mm) square. 691 203. 4 103. 42. 26.9 MN/m2 ) initial stress at room
temperature.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1275 16.9 6.0 4.7 3.9 24
691 116. 5 41. 32. 26.9
N
....
"'
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
... c'd'
~
E .,
!
ae ti ~ en -
<fl.
<fl.
.;
.-
N N
Chemical composition, % by wt. ~·-NE
0 , . _ >._ E
:I
c l! 8. ... CJ
i: ·;; ! c·
~
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:I 0
"' g> CD-"
!E .g..., Z ·- ""'z ~ .:w:z
70
·;:
!..
S!
~
:;;
c
:::!:a :::!: ci :::!: 'ic 0
,;
s I-;
Q.
:::!: c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p ~ ...e w
0 CD
a:
73 14 •p.1 12. 1. 1. 1. ]
•Nominal composition.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!"
a~
.·
::I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
~
71 y Crucible 422. 1225 19.0 5.3 3.0 2.1 24 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi ( 310
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 663 131. 0 36.5 20. 7 14. 5 MN/m') initial stress at room
temperature.
Same specimen, reloaded: 1225 20. 0 6.5 4.1 3.0 24
663 137.9 45. 28.3 20.7
72 y Crucible 422. 1225 21. 0 8.8 5.4 4.1 24 Strain corresponds to 45 ksi (310 .....
N
1 in. (25 mm) diameter. 663 144.8 61. 37.2 28.3 MN/m') initial stress at room ?fo.
temperature. ()
1225 10. 3 5. 9 24
....
Same specimen, reloaded: 22.1 6.9
663 152.4 71. 47.6 40.7
73 14 Soviet type 10Kh12VMF 1040 0.100 11. 7 8.1 6.1 3000 Ring specimens, bending.
560 80.4 55.9 42.2
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
e· ..
.8E
:s
c "':;
u Chemical composition,% by wt.
i!
8.'" u.. (J
l
ii"'
~ ·;n~
N
~ en
~0 ·-.. E
_ >._
N
E
-*
Cl
~
c
*.;
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
ei~
0'"
.!2
5 :!:z ~~z
z ·--"
iii
-~
Sl s "'C "'C "'"' :!:
:;; ic
l!!
"' .,
t: .,c c.
e
0 :!: -.;
:!: Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s I- I-
a.. w
0
a:"' '
74 14
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i!E ~- ."' Residual stress, ~
s
"'
c: "'~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
~
I.! =·-
8. u. (,J "8 S.!
N
Initial
ksi
MN/m 2
Final
.l!!"
Eoo z ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Oi
·;: si"' Heat treatment E .g-!!
l!l "'"'" -~~ e,, strain, stress, stress. time, ·;:;
..
l!l
:::!:
~
a
;
I-
..
t:
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
-~
74 14 Soviet type 1Khl2VMF 932 42.7 24.6 21. 3 Ring specimens; bending.
to to
29.2 25. 9
500 294. 2 170 147
to to
201 178,5
Bending
vs.
Tension 932 42.7 28.7 24.8 Tension specimens.
to to
32.7 28. 5
500 294. 2 198 171
to to
226 196
75 66 Soviet type 1Kh12VNMF 1049 42.7 20. 3 14.4 Tension specimen in UIM5 tester.
(Alloy EI 802) 565 294. 2 140. 99. Gage section O. 4-0. 5 in. (10-12mm
1920F(1050C ), oil quench; diameter x 6 in. (150 mm) long.
Bending
1290F(700C), temper. 1049 42.7 21. 18. 16. 2000
vs. 565 294. 2 147. 123. 108. Oding ring specimen; bending.
Tension
Above specimen, reloaded: 1049 42.7 23. 16.
565 294. 2 157. 109.
76 78 Soviet alloy EI 802. 1040 24.9 0.23 42.7 29.4 23. 16. 13.6 2051 Specimens 0.5 in. (12 mm) diameter
1830 F( lOOOC ), oil quench; 560 171. 6 294. 2 203. 159. 111. 94.1 x 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
1200 F ( 650 C ), 2 h. Tested in UIM-5 tester.
Above specimen, reloaded: 1040 0.384 42.7 32.4 28.5 22. 21. 2 1515
560 294. 2 224. 196. 154. 146. 1
Above specimen, reloaded: 1040 0.399 42.7 32.4 26.5 19.3 15. 9 17. 1 2477
560 294. 2 224. 182. 133. 110. 118.
N
co
c.n
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
... cq-
.8E
:i
c: "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
~
i
.... _
-s·...
ii
Q ·-
N
~
ar~ "' .... z ·- .... z . -
E~
0 ·-
.. E
_
<I?
>._
N
E
-
?/!.
c
?/!.
;· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.... :i
SI E ., ~ -"Z
0
w
0
i::i
a:"'
77 88 0.8 0.4 0.03 o. 03
to max. max. max. max.
85
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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]
E .. Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material •
e·
~
"'
.2
-g a_ E
::::J · - N
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final s-
u
c
::I
~
::I
8. u.. u e .. z MN/m 2
of!
?:' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
n; E "'"' strain, stress, stress, time, ·c::;
·;; ~ Heat treatment s~~ (,)~CJ
•t;
2:1
"'
:E
5
"'
0 .
1;;
I-
"iu::; % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
u::;"'
77 88 Melted in a 120 lb. (55 kg) basic Relaxation in bending by the Oding
to induction furnace from technical ring method.
85 iron and ferroalloys. Average residual stress for two or
Forged to bars: O. 7 in. (18 mm) more tests at each initial stress
square; 0. 35 x O. 55 in. (9x14 mm) has been scaled from a plot.
section; or 0, 8 in. (20 mm) diameter
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12Cr-Mo,V, Nb
e· .;;· ... 0 "'
!E co
! ....
'<t
i! ._ ~ CX>
t 5i"" en ~
""'~
Chemical composition,% by wt. N N
~ ·- E >._,,.z
:i LL(..) Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
r::.
~·iii! E r::.· 'I!
~ ..
~ !c. "" "" ., .... z ·-
0 "'._
-8 -8 :;;; ::!! '§ "'z ~
::!! d
"'._
::!!
0
'i 0
~ :;; Total :;; r::. c. r::. -0
c v s ...."' ~ ....e a:"'
::!! Cr p 0
0 Mn Si Ni Mo Nb N ijj
88 32 0.21 0.56 0.40 10.8 0.24 0.77 0.26 0.20 0.049 Room 143.5 ~ 121. 8 14.0 53.
989.5 839. 5
Room 143.4 • 126. 7 13.3 49.
988.5 873.8
*Yield point.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
;:!
..
-= Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
~
:J
c: "'~ form and size, history of material. e
8. LL. (.J
-g ·s. NE ksi "
~
Z MN/m 2 ~
E "'"' E'° Relaxation-test procedure and comments
:J
~ ~ Heat treatment ~ "'"'"'C,,
CJ~(!) strain,
stress, stress. time, ·o;
. ..
2l
::!:
l!!
Cl
."'
~
I-
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
86 18 Jes sop- Saville H-46. 1112 o. 15 29.8 24.8 21. 5 16.7 12.5
600 205.5 171. 148. 115. 86.
Above specimen, 2nd reloading: 1112 29.8 24.4 22.2 18. 5 13.8
600 205.5 168. 153. 127. 5 95.
Above specimen, 3rd reloading: 1112 29.8 26.5 24.1 21. 2 16.1
600 205.5 183. 166. 146. 111.
88 32 DIN X 17CrMoVNb12.1 797 26.1 0.18 31. 7 Bolt specimens, tested in a block.
2010-2100 F(ll00-1150 C);oil quench; 425 180.0 219. Results have been scaled from a
1245-1290 F( 675-700C ). plot of residual stress versus
896 24.75 0.18 26.7 temperature.
480 170. 6 184.
89 75 Annealed 1740 F( 950C ). 977 35.6 15.5 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
525 245.2 107. Data have been scaled from a
small plot.
1076 35.6 10. 2000
"on
- -.... -<>
i<>AC
-.
nn
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12Cr-Mo,V,Nb
.;
.8E ., e·
~
i
t
.... _g
~
~ -*
0
'<I'
*~-
"'00 °
.. -E ..
Chemical composition, % by wt. N 'ij N ui N
"c: ::! LL(.) I:>·- E 'ii;~ >._ c:" Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
S!" sE _g'"'
0
'ii
'j .g :;;., "'z ·- "'z
:ii: ~
~ .><Z
·w. 0
..
:ii:
~
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb p .,
t:
s ....
.,....c: e
:ii:
Q,
c::i :ii:
c:
0
jjj
.,
"Ci
a:
"-
90 75 0.32 12. 9 0.89 0.31 0.72 2. 92 wt.% M23 C 6 + NbC.
91 88 0.8 0.4 o. 03 o. 03
to imax. max. max. max.
99
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.8E f ; Residual stress,
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ;a
3 ·- Initial Final .9
::J
c I:!
form and size, history of material. lo!
8_ LL (.J -gs. ..€N
ksi "
:?
::J Em z MN/m 2 ?' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Oi
5! E~ "' .g
"' "c strain, stress, stress. time, ·c:;
"j Heat treatment l!l C!J
.. !!!..
::E 0
~
~
.,
I-
..
·-= ~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
~
w
90 75 Annealed 1740 F ( 950 C ). 1076 35. 6 2. 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
580 245.2 12. Data have been scaled from a plot.
91 88 Melted in a 120 lb. (55 kg) basic Relaxation in bending by the Oding
to induction furnace from technical ring method.
99 iron and ferroalloys; Average residual stress for two or
Forged to bars 0. 7 in. (18 mm) more tests at each initial stress
squares; 0.35 x 0. 55 in. (9 x 14 mm has been scaled from a plot.
section; or 0. 8 in. (20 mm) diamete
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12Cr- Mo,W,V,Nb
...
iiE
::J
r:.
.,
:::!
Chemical composition, % by wt .
a
e·
~LL. u
iiii
e·cn!
N
~·-NE
]
0 . , _ > ·-
en N
E
-*
Cl
-<t
r:."
*!... Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
101 13 0.18 0.50 0.25 12.5 0.30 0.63 0. 25 0.57 0.37 0.015 0.022 68 133.5 113. Hardness: BHN 285.
20 920. 780.
1040 87. 83.
560 600. 570.
102 13 0.18 0. 50 0.25 12. 5 0.30 0.63 0.25 0.57 0.37 0.015 0.022 68 127.6 99. Hardness: BHN 255.
20 880. 680.
1040 81. 2 77.
560 560. 530.
1103 89 0.17 0.34 0.22 12.6 0.10 0.4 0.25 0. 70 0. 5 Room 135. 5 112. 5 14. 52. Rupture strength at 1040 F ( 560 C):
934. 776. 100 h: 45. 5 ksi (314 MN/m2 ).
1000 h: 35. 8 ksi (247 MN/m2 ).
1050 84. 78. 16. 65.
566 579.2 538.
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Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Final
form and size, history of material. ksi
MN/m 2 Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment strain, stress, f - - - . , . - - - , - - - , . - - - , . . . - - - 1 stress, time,
l9 % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
a"' MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m2
1100 13 Soviet type Kh12VMBF 1022 43.5 14.5 Ring in bending.
1920F(1050C ), oil quench; 550 300. 100.
1200 F ( 650 C ), temper.
1049 43.5 13.
565 300, 88.
1076 43.5 9. 5
565 300, 65.
1112 43.5 7.
600 300. 48.
~03 89 Soviet type Kh12VMBF 1022 42.67 14.2 Ring specimens in ffi-1 tester;
110 lb. (50 kg) basic induction melt. 550 294.2 98. Bending.
Preheat to 2100-2150 F(1150-1175C Reported extrapolated 10, 000 h
for forging to 0, 8 in. (20 mm) dia. 01 1049 42. 67 12.3 residual stresses have been
0. 5 x O. 7 in. (13 x 18 mm) blanks; 565 294.2 85. scaled from a small plot.
Finish at 1650-1550 F ( 900-845 C ).
1920 F ( 1050 C ), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1076 42.67 8.9
l200F(650C),3h. 580 294. 2 61. 5
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12Cr-Mo,W,V,Nb
iiE e· -s·... .. 0
~
o:t
., ~
ii N
~
*.,.;
:J
c
iii
~
:J
Chemical composition, % by wt . I!
E "'"' .,....
8. u. CJ :; ·- E iii5 ·;;-€
.... z ~
·- _,.
N
z
Cl)
>.-
~
E
~ .
N
*c·
0 :a
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;: S! $ -! .g
:!E 5
-"'Z
'ic 'O
..
$
:!E
~
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Nb p s .,
t:
I-
~
c
~
a.
2
0..
:!E c:i :!E
0
w
.,
,;
a:
104 89 0. 17 0.47 0.61 10.5 0.12 0.45 0.24 0.40 0.43 Room 142. 126.5 14. 56.
979. 872.
1050 85. 82.5 14. 73.
566 586. 569.
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!E e· ... Residual stress,
.9
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a .2 Initial
"'c "~
form and size, history of material. ~
8. ... u
-s ·;; E
0 Cl...._
ksi
Final
.!!!"
o; e ... z strain, MN/m 2 stress, l:' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;:: ~ Heat treatment E ''"'' .~
!!~-!! C!J := stress, time, ·;:;
.,..
!! t: ·~
fl ~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
:!: "'
0 I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
~04 89 Soviet type Kh12VMBF. 1022 42.67 12.9 Ring specimens in IR-1 tester;
1100 lb.(500kg) basic electric-arc 550 294. 2 89. Bending.
furnace. Reported extrapolated 10, 000 h
Heat to 2100-2150F(1150-1175C); 1049 42.67 10.9 residual stresses have been
Forge to O. 8 in. (20 mm) diameter, 565 294. 2 75. scaled from a small plot.
or 0. 5 x O. 7 in. (13 x 18 mm) blanks
Finish at 1650-1550 F ( 900-845 C ). 1076 42.67 8.3
1920F(1050 C ), 1/2 h, oil quench; 580 294. 2 57. 5
1200F(650C), 3 h.
l05 88 Melted in a 120 lb. (55 kg) basic Relaxation in bending by the Oding
to induction furnace from technical ring method.
110 iron and ferroalloys; Average residual stress for two 01
Forged to bars: 0. 7 in. (18 mm) more tests at each initial stress
square; O. 35 x 0. 55 in. (9 x 14 mm) has been scaled from a plot.
section; or 0. 8 in. (20 mm) diameter
c..:>
0
I CJ1
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12 Cr- Mo,W,V, Nb,( B}
c'<!'
e·
-
~
.8E ., .;;'
af °'Iii ~ ~
..-
:I
c ~
"si
Chemical composition, % by wt. ! .... _ enN
u t> ·- E ~·-NE
i' f ., ... z ·- ... z >.-!
LL. 0 .. _
~~2
N ~
c'
.!2
f
ca
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ E
.! :::e ~ 0
ic
.,.
"'C "'C :;; :::e ci :::e
!ca fl
ca
~
.,c Q. -c.,
:::e c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Nb p s I- I- ~
.... w
0
a:
111 13 0. 18 0.50 0. 25 12.5 o. 30 0.63 0.25 0.57 0.37 0.015 0.022 68 119. 93. Hardness: BHN 241. ,
20 820. 640.
1040 77. 72.5
560 530. 500.
I
11~ 66 0.18 0.35 0.27 12.1 o. 17 0. 52 0.29 0.70 0.38 0.03 68 123.7 105. 18. 55.
20 853. 726.
1022 72.5 68. 15. 65.
550 500. 471.
"'Nominal composition.
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.8E ~-
a..
. Residual stress,
B
8. ... u =
-g ·-s. !
CD
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
" N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
.:?
c" "~ MN/m 2 ~
E i' i' E"' z stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ S! Heat treatment !? "C "C ·;::;CJ~(.!) strain,
stress, '(j
't;
.!l fl :a ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
:E c"' ~ w
%
h h
"'
w
I- MN/m 2 h h h MN/m 2
114 66 Soviet type 2Kh12VMBFR; 1049 42.7 20.4 16.8 15. 3 Tension specimen in UIM-5 tester
Alloy EI-993. 565 294.2 141. 116. 105. 0.4-0.5 in.(10-12 mm) diameter
1920F(l050C), air cool; x 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
Tension 1290F(700C), temper.
1049 42.7 21. 8 17.8 14.8 Ring specimen; bending.
vs.
565 294.2 150. 123. 102.
Bending
Above specimen, reloaded. 1049 42.7 21. 4 15. 0
565 294.2 148. 103. 5
c.>
_,
0
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12Cr-Mo,W, V,Nb,B
... a~ c.o
~
E .,
e·
a.. \5i
.... _
]
en -* *.,..·
0
00
z § "i;! .. -
N "ij N
::J
c !:!
::J
Chemical composition, % by wt.
~';,'; Q ·- E >._ N
E c"
0 ta
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"ii 51 E CD CD CD-" ·- .... z ~ .><Z
·;: ~ "C "C ~ :::!: ~ "ic 0
..
!!l
:::!:
~
a c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Nb p s ....;i
c
~ e
a.
a..
:::!: c::i :::!:
w
0
-c.,
a:
115 89 0.21 0.38 0.37 11. 4 0.25 0.52 0.26 0.69 0. 30 Room 142. 127. 12. 38.
979. 876.
[O. oo: % ca culat !cl B ac ditior J
1049 102.5 92.5 11. 47.
565 706.7 638.
lH 89 0.21 0.38 0.37 11. 4 0.25 0.52 0.26 0.69 0.30 Room 142. 124. 13. 47. Rupture strengths at 1049 F ( 565 C):
979. 855. 100 h: 49. 8 ksi (343 MN/m2 ).
[O. OO: % ca culat1 !cl Bad ditior ].
1000 h: 39 ksi (269 MN/m2 ).
1049 89.5 82.5 14. 63.
565 617. 569.
117 89 0. 17 0.50 0.60 10. 6 0.12 0.45 0.24 0.40 0.40 Room 145. 124. 14. 47. Rupture strengths at 1112 F (600 C ) :
[O. 00 ~% ca cul at ~dB ac ditio ]. 999. 7 855. 100 h: 40. 6 ksi (280 MN/m 2 ).
1050 85. 82.5 14. 71. 1000 h: 32. 1 ksi (221 MN/m 2 ).
566 586. 569.
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e·
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
~
:I
Initial
Residual stress, ~
B
., form and size, history of material. l! 3 ·- N ksi
Final
"
:!
:I
c ::! 8. u.. u '8 s.~
iii :I e .. z strain, stress, MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;::
!l
"'
::!:
51
l3
"'
0
Heat treatment E ~-!I
!l
~
.,
~
I-
·=-
"' "' " Q (!)
"'
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·c:;
·="'
iii
l15 89 Soviet type Kh12VMBFR; 1049 42. 67 14.2 Ring specimen in IR-1 tester.
Alloy El 993. 565 294. 2 97.7 Average residual bending stress
11, 000 lb. (5, 000 kg) melt. from two or more tests at the
Rolled at 2200-1550F(1200-850C) 1076 42.67 10.7 same initial stress has been
to 3. 5 in. (90 mm) diameter; 580 294. 2 74.l scaled from a small plot.
Furnace cooled.
2100F(1150C ), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1112 42.67 6. 1
1255F(680C), 3 h. 600 294. 2 41. 8
l16 89 Soviet type Khl2VMBFR; 1022 49. 78 18.4 Ring specimen in IR-1 tester.
Alloy El 993. 550 343. 2 127. Average residual bending stress
11,000 lb.(5,000kg) melt. for two or more tests at the same
Rolled at 2200-1550F(l200-850C) 1022 42.67 17. 0 initial stress has been scaled
to 3. 5 in. (90 mm) diameter; 550 294.2 117. from a small plot.
Furnace cooled.
2100F( 1150C ), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1049 49. 78 17.3
1290 F( 700C ), 3 h. 565 343. 2 119.
l17 89 Soviet type Kh12VMBFR; 1022 42.67 15. 7 Ring specimen in IR-1 tester.
Alloy EI 993. 550 294.2 108. Bending stresses.
1100 lb. (500 kg) basic electric-arc Reported extrapolated 10, 000 h
nielt. Heated to 2100-2150 F ( 1150- 1049 42.67 12.5 residual stresses have been
1175 C) for forging to 0. 8 in. (20 mn ) 565 294.2 86. scaled from a small plot.
diameter, or 0, 5 x O. 7 in. (13 x 18
mm) rectangular bars. Finished at 1076 42.67 9.3
1650-1550 F ( 900-845 C ). 580 294.2 64.
1920F(1050C ), 1/2 h, oil quench;
1200F(650C), 3 h. 1112 42.67 4.5
600 294.2 31.
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12Cr-5Co,W,V
2!' ~-
... Cl
!E ~
.. *..!!
'<I'
a ......
"'
iii
:i
c ~
:i
Chemi(al composition,% by wt. !.!
8. .... CJ e·M! ~
E i' i .,,,., z 0
N
E *>._........E
·-........
"' N *.2c' .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ Si .! ·- ""z N.><Z 0
.. ..
! !!! ...
"'Cl "'Cl
.
:;;
c
::!: ~
0.
::!: d ::!: ic -c:i
::!: Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Co p s ~
I- I-
...e w
0
a:"'
rn H 0.19 1. 48 0.38 12.18 0.16 0.10 0.22 3.05 4.8 0.018 0.018 Room 161. 4 123.9 16. 45. Charpy impact 12 to 13 ft. lb. (16 to 18
1113. 854. Joules).
119 H 0.20 0.47 12.1 1. 21 0.27 3. 03 5.08 Room 149.9 115. 9 15. 37. Charpy impact 10 to 12 ft. lb. (13. 5 to 16
1033. 799. Joules).
112c H 0.24 0.78 0.36 12.19 0.26 2.98 5.23 Room 165.9 65.4 12. 23. Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. (24. 5 Joules).
1144. 451.
1121 H 0.25 1. 0 0.38 12. 08 0.28 2.78 5. 03 0.016 0.011 Room 167.4 87.4 13. 24. Charpy impact 11 ft. lb. (15 Joules).
1154. 603.
1122 H 0.18 0.35 0.24 12.34 0.25 4.69 4.5 0.019 0.012 Room 147.8 100. 15. 39. Charpy impact 11. 5 ft. lb. (15. 5 Joules).
1019. 689.5
1123 H 0.20 1. 23 0.56 12.66 0.43 0.21 2.6 5.32 Room 166.9 74.9 12. 22.
1151. 516.
~24 H 0.18 1.15 0.38 11. 61 0.24 0.07 0.27 3.35 5.13 Room 163.4 110. 17. 48. Charpy impact 18 ft. lb. (24. 5 Joules).
1127. 758.
12[ H 0.19 1. 36 0.60 12.24 0. 25 3.13 4.9 0. 010 0.019 Room 155. 9 18. 49. Charpy impact 14 to 15 ft. lb. (19 to 20
1075. Joules).
12€ H 0.19 1. 48 0.38 12.18 0.16 0.10 0.22 3. 05 4.8 0.018 0.018 Room 161. 4 16. 45. Charpy impact 12 to 13 ft. lb. (16 to 18
1113. Joules).
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1iE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
(!:!.
ii
.·
-= Initial
Residual stress,
$
::J
.,u form and size, history of material. "'
Q; -g a.~
LL(.)
:J ·- N
ksi
Final u
.!!!
c: :;
~ ~~~ e .. z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
Sl
l3
Heat treatment !:! "C "C u:: "
·~ •t:
::E"' 0"'
.,
t: .!!!
w
% ksi 1
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
w
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
18 H 4-9/16 in. (116 mm) diameter. 1000 0.2 32. 28. 20. (13. 8) 2480
1740 F( 950 C ), oil quench; 538 221. 193. 138. (95. )
1200 F ( 650 C), air cool
20 H 7/8 in. (22 mm) square. 1000 0.2 36. 30. 22.7 (15. 0) 2289
2010 F ( 1100 C), 3 h, cool at 1800 F 538 248. 207. 156.5 (103.)
(lOOOC )/ h;
1200 F ( 650 C ), 3 h, furnace cool.
21 H 3/4 in. (19 mm) square. 1000 0.2 35. 31. 23. 5 (16. ) 3210
2010 F( llOOC ), 4 h, cool at 1900 F 538 241. 214. 62. (110.)
(1055C )/h;
1200 F ( 650 C), 4 h, furnace cool.
12: H 4 in. (102 mm) diameter; 1000 0.2 29. 24. 19. (14. ) 2673
1775 F( 970 C ), 6 h, air cool; 538 200. 165. 5 131. (96. 5)
1200F(650C), 12 h, air cool.
1100 0.2 19. 3 14.3 7.8 ( 2. 5) 2352
593 133. 98.6 53. 8 (17. )
12; H 1. 75 x 3.12 in. (44. 5 x 79 mm). 1000 0.2 31. 26.5 21. (15.1) 2813
2000F(1095 C ), 1. 5 h, air cool; 538 207. 183. 145. (103.)
1200F(650C), 3.5 h, furnace cool.
12~ H 4. 25 in. (108 mm) diameter. 1000 o. 2 33. 29. 22. (16. ) 2813
1742 F ( 950 C ), 5 h, air cool; 538 227.5 200. 152. (110.)
1200F(650C), 8 h, air cool.
1100 0.2 22. 16.3 8.9 ( 3. O) 3033
593 152. 112. 61. (21. )
12[ H 1750 F( 955 C ), 4. 5 h, air cool; 1000 0.2 27.5 23.6 18.8 725
1200F(650C), 12.5 h; 538 190. 163. 130.
1150F(620C), 5.5 h.
Co)
12f H 4-9/16 in. (116 mm) diameter 1000 0.2 24.0 20.0 15. 7 (!1. 9) 2695 .....
-- -
1 .. .-n ..... ----
--- _, ' - aa'
. rnn
vvu ---·..,
-- r
... ..,..,. --
---· --· I
.....
l200F(650C), 12 h; '
1150F(620C), 7 h.
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12Cr -4Co,Mo,V,Nb
19Cr-2Mo
...
~
E .,
" e
c
Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
j3
f!
8. LI..
-s·
"'iii
.
u ~ ·-
.,_E
N
]
~·-NE
(/j
>._
N
E
-*
..,.
0
c·
*
~~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Oi Sl"
E g> 2' ., ... z ·-0 .... , _
z *'"- 0 "'
c:i ::!! 'i
l!! "D"C 'i N-"Z 0
·;: :::!: ~
..
l!!
::!!
~
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb Co Cu s ii
I-
c
{!.
c.
....e
::!!
c
0
Ui
.,
-ci
a:
1129 116 0.07 0.13 0,49 18.66 1. 79 0.13 932 56.9 34.1
~o
35. 6
500 1392 235
Ito
245
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
~
..·
-= Initial
Residual stress,
s
~
128 75 Annealed 1740 F ( 950 C ). 977 35.6 8. 2000 Oding ring specimen; bending.
525 245.2 56.
29 116 Cr-Mo Ferritic stainless steel. 932 0.50 39.8 31. 3 28.4 27.5 45 Automatic tester, with+ 0. 4 ksi
500 274.6 216. 196. 189. ( 2. 9 MN/m 2 ) precisioil:
Data have been scaled from a plot.
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Comparison of Residual Stress for Various 12% Cr Steels
40
I
a
I '
'
'
- -
"I ''
30
\
\ '
'
'
r
30
.
... .. E
'
B - 200 • -
.
1=.
\ 200 '
•, '\ '-IB, I
z
~
'
' \ a '
'\ • 111'
100 Hours
-
' lI
' ' ' '" • "'QI...
'' h I '' - • -
~-"~"
0.175 to0.23% Strain
"' 'f_ ''
' 20
•I "'
' ¥
,,::»
0
0
'•
\ 0
'
' ' "
,1 ' ' a
-100 • 100 ·;;;
' ' ~' ,' ' I Cl1
• 12 Cr
',! '
°'
'7
' n •
f, '".... ' n 12 Cr-W
'7
0
800
I
500C
1000
~OfC
1200
Ir 0 0
800
500C
1000
I
600C
I I t
1200
0
• 12
• 12
Cr-Mo, W, V
Cr- 5 Co, W, V
Temperature, f 0
Temperature,°F
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12Cr
-400
60 7 - 400
..
"z
E
""
~
.,
(')
~
t"l
/
~ A/ //~0\) t"l
~ t:""
.,,wi /".,.00
-.
00
.,,
wi
-.
0/
Cll
.,, Cll
-- .,,
,A
,o_ -- --
40 40
/ --
0 ~o\lr~
:I 0
"ti
'iii
-200 A,-
- 200
:I
"ti
'iii
Cll
a:: 20 20 - -- - - - - -0
Cll
--
-,00t.\ours
0
a::
700°F o-
0
900 to931°F
I
371°C 482 to 500°C
0 0 0 ' 0
60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100
Initial stress, ksi
-
..,
C11
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12Cr-Mo, W, V 0.175 to O. 23 D/o Strain
• 6z
0
30
•
-••
100
Hours
200
30
10,000
Hours
- 200
'tj
00
~
::0
l1:I
•
-
00
I 00
I
::0
• l1:I
t"'
• >
• • ..E ~~
20 •• - o•• 20 ...... 6z
·;;; z
..llli • ~ g
.,,~
I .,,~ ~
..."'Cl> >
-"' • 1:'
I
•
-"'..."'
CD
6
::0
'
-100 -1 00
a 0
•• a
l1:I
::::»
"'1:J ::::» ~
.....
·;; • "'1:J
CD ·;; ~
ICll:: 10 •• 10 • CD l1:I
~>
ICll::
•
• t"'
T
o-
-I
I
0
•
• Q+ T
0
t"'
...::
00
o Other
500(
I
600 c
500 c 6opc
0 0 0 ' 0
800 1000 1200 800 1000 1200
Temperature, °F Temperature, °F
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12Cr-Mo,W,V
30~~/..-------.----.-----.----~~,/~
200 -200
•
•
-1----·,ooo~,_o-~(,-":t---+-1-o
....
""
'iii 20
i-----¥/_·_o ·---+-----1- 20 : /
•
..E
'-
2f'i.
("')
'1
/. /
.JI • • z t:EJ
oA • • ~ t:EJ
t"'
-"'GI...
I ll
0
:I
- 100
·-~O
•
,oo~(,":t.
-•
•
•
100
oA
-...
"'
GI
"'
Cll
• 0
"'O
'iii • • :I
"'O
GI
GI:
• 'iii
10 GI
GI:
- -
900°f 1000°f
20 30
Initial stress, ksi
40
482°C
20 30
Initial stress, ksi
538°C
• Q
0
T
40
Heat treatment
not given.
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~ 12 Cr-Mo,V,Nb
~12Cr-Mo,W,V,Nb,(B}
!)
112
113
112
87
87
87
87
87
101
87
87
-
~
t"'
>
..,i
113 86 115 0
87
117 z
100 0
103 "Zj
86 87
tll
87 ..,i
::a
t'l
tll
tll
/,loo to 111~ °F _
I
::a
t'l
t"'
- 300 300 >
/ I '1' 593 to 600 °C ~
40i------------+-/------.- - - - - - + - - - - - - + - ..E ..,i
0
-- -
- - - -· 0 -...._
z
z
t:l
>
--
~
-·-
i:( ..,i
.n Jl
.n >
..."'GI
-
"'
• - 200
---
- 250
- ..."'Cll
"'
6::a
t'l
20 /
D
,,·;;;:» -
~
~
-- -- -- -·
- _,,,,,.. 0 t'l
~Cl
GI
-~,,,,,.. GI:
100 1 - , 000 h -100
-T--- • >
t"'
t"'
0
930 to 977 Of ><
499 to 525°C -g}- tll
O'---~"'---~~~--'--~~~--'-~~~~~~~~~l~o OL-~~~-'-~~~--'-~~~--'-~~~~....._~o
'o'oooh
40 60 80 20 40 60
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Austenitic Stainless Steels
(Including Some Early Super alloys)
This section covers the standard 300-series stainless steels, modifications to those steels, some
related iron-base superalloys containing less than 2% Ti+ Al, and Cr-Mn-Ni stainless steels:
The variety of composition types represented and many singular test conditions preclude useful
graphical presentation except for the 18/8 type in the solution annealed condition and with various degrees
of cold work, 18/8-Nb steel, and 19-9 DL alloy.
A plot of residual stress versus temperature for the solution annealed 18/8 type [ P. 388] indicates
a marked fall-off in relaxation strength between about 1000 and 1200"F ( 540 and 650"C ). A range of the
initial stresses for these tests, between 18. 7 and 25. 8 ksi ( 129 and 178 MN/m 2 ), probably accounts for
much of the seeming scatter near 1100 F.
The large effect of initial stress is more clearly evident in plots of residual stress versus initial
stress at 752"F (400"C ) and at 1100-1112"F ( 593-600 C) on page 389. Yielding characteristics of this
solution annealed stainless steel are such that a two-fold change in total strain on loading corresponds
to a relatively-small difference in initial stress, and therefore has little effect on residual stress. This
expectation is confirmed by the plots on page 390.
Cold working of annealed 18/8 stainless steel to plastic strains up to 50% resulted in negligible change
in the 100-hour residual stress at 500, 600, or 700"F ( 260, 316, or 371"C) for tests with 25 to 35 ksi
initial stress; and only a small increase in the residual stress for tests with 55 to 60 ksi initial stress, as
is shown in plots on page 391.
Pages 392 and 393 compare limited data for annealed bar versus weld metal of 18/8-Nb type stainless
steel; and for 19-9 DL alloy with three different treatments. In each instance, the effect on residual stress
from test temperature is large compared to that from the other variables.
Among the results not shown graphically are comparisons for relaxation in tension versus that under
bending ( Matl. No. 55, 72, 73, 76, 78); tests under combined tension and torsion ( Matl. No. 71); and
relaxation under cyclic stress (Matl. No. 52).
319
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18/8
.... ...
.8E e·
aE t ~ -
0
~
al!
al!
f.
""0
.- ..
; N uj N
8. u.. (,J i: ·;; ! Oj5 ·;;!
Q)
Chemical composition, % by wt.
:J
c ::!
N
>._ E c' Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.g :;;...... ::!!;
z ·- .... z
:J 0
~ -"Z
~ iii E
~ .g"'"'
~ 'ic 'O
.. .
fl
::!!;
:i
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ;
I- ~
c a.
e
0..
::!!; ci ::!!;
0
w
,;
CD
a:
1 w 0.08 1. 66 0. 25 18.62 10.93 0.02 0.017
2 p •ro. 00 2.0 1. 0 18. 8.J Room 92.6 20.2 36.2 71. 82. Hardness: BHN 163.
638. 5 139. 250.
*Nominal composition.
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iiE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
..
:::J Residual stress, 15
:::J
c
.,
~
form and size, history of material. l! =·-
!. ... (,) -g s. !
N
Initial
ksi
Final u
~
:::J e .. z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
.. ..
time,
.~;:!CJ strain,
E '"""' stress, ·u
5! Heat treatment l!l~-!l
l!l
:iE
1;j
0
.,
:;;
I- w
..
:;;
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
1 w Type 304 bar. 1200 0.4 11. 4 8.8 6.0 3.0 950 step-down flow-rate tests.
Solution annealed. 649 78.6 60.7 41. 4 20. 7 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
1200 0.2 9.9 7.0 3.0 2000
649 68.3 48.3 20. 7
1300 0.4 8.4 5.3 3.2 1. 55 1. 0 2200
704 57.9 36.5 22.1 10.7 6.9
1300 0.2 11. 0 5.7 2.75 1.15 1. 0 1500
704 75. 8 39.3 19.0 7.9 6.9
1500 0.4 3. 5 1. 8 1. 0 50
816 24. 1 12.4 6.9
1500 0.2 3.7 2.05 1. 0 70
816 25.5 14. 1 6.9
1600 0.4 2.8 1. 2 1. 0 14
871 19.3 8.3 6.9
1600 0.2 2. 1 1.1 1. 0 16. !
871 14. 5 7.6
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18/8
e· .. c'<I'
.8E ii i
e u.. u 15 .... _ ~ * -*
. - .. 0..
"'l:! Chemical composition, % by wt. c4 ~-
~ ·- E ~·-NE
::J N N
c
::J
8. 0 .. _ >._ E c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E ~ i' "'"' z:!: ~ :!: ~ -"Z
0
iO ·--" z
·;:
.. c..
.!!l
:!:
~
:!
c Mn Cr Mo v p s
...,
! 'ti "O 'iii
~
c
e
Q.
ci :!:
·;::;
en
c
0
-D
cc"'
Si Ni I- c.. w
3 s
4 71 •ro. 00 2.01. 0 18 to 8 to 0.04 o. 03 ] Room 92.6 36.2 71. 2 82.1 Hardness: RB 84.
z max. max. max 20 11 max. max. 638.5 250.
6 71 Room 76.1
z 525.
*Nominal composition.
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1lE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~·
::J
..
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
~
::J
c:
QI
u
form and size, history of material. E
8. u.. u
-6 ·;;NE ksi .:?
ii
:; E OIC:ll e0 ..c. --
z Plastic
stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;:: S! Heat treatment .e "C "'C ·~u := "
QI.,
strain,
-~
!!! ~ % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
::;? "'
Cl
ii
I- "'
iii MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
iii
3 s Type 304 1200 15.6 13.75 12.85 6 Manual load adjustments to keep
Solution annealed. 649 107.6 94.8 88.6 strain constant ±25 microin. /in.
Gage section 1/4 in. (6. 3 mm) dia. Curve was passed through the
x 4 in. (102 mm) long. average of the stresses before and
after load adjustment.
4 71 Type 304. 775 22.2 0.09 23. 0 21. 1 21. 0 21. 0 21. 0 130 Automatic relaxation tester.
z 5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter. 413 153. 1 158. 6 145.5 144.8 144.8 144.8 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Mill annealed + cold straightened.
(Estimated equivalent to 3% cold 900 21. 2 0. 035 19.7 17. 5 17.4 17.3 17. 3 190
work). 482 146.2 135. 8 120.7 120.0 119.3 119. 3
5 71 Type 304. 1050 20.0 0.029 16.2 14. 5 13.5 12.4 12.1 170 Automatic relaxation tester.
z Same bar stock as Material No. 4 566 137.9 111. 7 100. 93. 85.5 83.4 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Annealed 1950 F ( 1065 C ), water
quench.
6 71 Type 304. 900 21. 7 0.07 59.0 56.1 53.3 49.3 49.0 115 Automatic relaxation tester.
z 3/8 in. (9. 5 mm) diameter. 482 149.6 406.8 387. 367.5 340. 337. 8 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Cold-rolled bar. (Estimated equiv-
alent cold work about 22% ). 950 21.1 0.07 57.0 51. 8 46.8 38.8 74
510 145.5 393. 0 357. 323. 267.5
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18/8
.8E ., !
t ~ ~
.. .....
0
'II'
a '#.
I! u..u iii
Chemical composition, % by wt . N '#. co"
·- E ~ ·- E >._ E c
.........
N
::J Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
z ·- ... z ~ ..... --
c ::! ~ I!!
i8. i"'.g 'i.....
::J 0 ....... 0 co
Oi z
"!co S! ::E ~ 0 ::i;: "ic::i;:
0
..;
!! c .,
s I-;
Q.
::i;:
co
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p ~ e
a. w
0
a:
7 71 0.058 1. 41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 97.8 62.9 51.2 74.5 Hardness: BHN 230
z 674.3 434.
8 71 0.058 1. 41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 109.8 73.2 35. 7 70.0 Hardness: BHN 265
z 757. 505.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!.
a~
.
..2 Initial
Residual stress,
B
~
8 71 Cold worked 20% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 59.2 54.5 53.3 52.0 Automatic relaxation tester.
z diameter bar. 260 408, 2 376. 367.5 358. 5 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
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18/8
...· c
.8E .,
::J
~
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!.
.aI!
8. u. u
.;;'
....·- _E ~·-NE
&i"' N
]
vi N
-*
<:I'
0"'
0
~
·;: SI aE -o ~ 'Si :ii: 'g ~.><Z
:ii: c::i ::!: ·~
l!l
~ .,
t: c: c. c: .,
,;
"'
:ii: c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s I- i! !:
"- w
0
a:
9 71 0.058 1. 41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 137.3 95.5 20. 3 65.4 Hardness: BHN 320
z 946.6 658.
10 71 0.058 1. 41 0.60 18.91 9.27 0.019 0.028 Room 157.2 111. 5 17.0 62.3 Hardness: BHN 338.
z 1084. 769.
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~
!. . Residual stress,
E .,
"c: ~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..
~
Q:; LL (..)
.2
~
-g s. !
·- N
Initial
ksi
Final ~
:?
E ., ., E"' z Plastic MN/m 2 i:" Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "SI
stress,
Heat treatment sc. "O"' "O"' u ~" stress, time,
:§
. ..
!!!
~
l!!
0
.,
t;
I-
'i
w
strain 1
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
t;
w
9 71 Cold worked 30% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 67.8 64.2 62.9 61. 5 Automatic relaxation tester.
z diameter bar. 260 467.5 443. 434. 424. 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
500 30.1 29.0 28.0 27.2 27. 1 130
260 207. 5 200. 193. 187.5 186.8
10 71 Cold worked 40% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 60.8 57.9 56.4 54.8 54.5 300 Automatic relaxation tester.
z diameter bar. 260 419.2 399. 389. 378. 375.8 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
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18/8
!
.... c
.8E a ~ ~
v
--
m uj
* *.,·
!8. .gen .g"' :;;"'....... --:::!:z ·-~ ... :::!:z
c" "'f:! Chemical composition, % by wt. I? u. u N
::; ·- E ~·-NE >._
N
12 71 0.056 1. 39 0.54 19.11 9.28 0.020 0.022 Room 85.0 30. 71. 8 78.2 Hardness: BHN 132
z 586. 207.
113 71 0.056 1. 39 0. 54 19.11 9.28 0.020 0.022 Room 87.6 31. 0 65.4 77.3 Hardness: BHN 130
z 604. 214.
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!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e· .
.a Residual stress,
B
~
., s.,
!l
:::!! 0
.,
t;
I-
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .,
-~
w
11 71 Cold worked 50% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 60.0 57.7 56.4 55.2 54.7 300 Automatic relaxation tester.
z diameter bar. 260 413.7 398. 389. 380.5 377.1 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
12 71 Cold worked 10% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 15.5 13.3 13.2 13. 1 13.1 140 Automatic relaxation tester.
z diameter bar; 260 106.9 91. 7 91. 0 90.3 90.3 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Annealed 1850 F( lOlOC ), 1/2 h,
air cool. 600 0.05 15.1 13. 0 12.8 12.7 12.6 130
316 104.1 89.6 88.2 87.6 86.9
13 71 Cold worked 50% to 3/4 in. (19 mm) 500 0.05 35. 8 34.5 34.1 (33. 7) 33.8 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
z diameter bar; 260 246.8 238. 235. (232. 31 233.0 6 in. (152 mm) gage length.
Annealed 1850 F ( 1010 C ), 1/2 h,
air cool. 500 30. 0 29.l 28.8 28.6 28.4 130
260 206. 8 200.6 198.6 197.2 195.8
.- ,.,.,.·-- _..........
700 0.05 37.9 36.1 35. 8 35.4
n" 1 - ...... n nAn n ,_ A 1
·-
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18/8
... c
-8E .,
Chemical composition, % by wt .
~
et
"'
8.E ~., c;"' =
fi.
....
ii"' N
]
_~·-NE u:j *c· N -
"""
*.;
., ·-
::J
e ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.... zE ·- .... z >.;;!
c 0 .. _
::J 0
"'
ti
·;:
s ..
~
:;;
$
ii
"'C "'C 'iii
c
::!: ~
c.
~.:.:z
::!: ~ ::!:
-~
"'c0
0
.,
,;
"'
::!: c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s t- "'
t-
....e w a:
14 z 0.056 1. 39 0.54 19.11 9.28 0.020 0.022 Room 177.4 133.2 15.3 59.5 Hardness: BHN 363
1223. 918.4
15
16 AA
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f!.
-8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
;
Initial
Residual stress, ~
su
., form and size, history of material . f! '5 ·- N
ksi
Final
~
:I
c: ~ i!l_U..U "8
E .. z
s. .€ MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Si" strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
Heat treatment s
E -8
"'"'
.g u ~ (!)
s ~ .,
~
·~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
"' 0"'
:E
~
I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
14 z Solution aIUlealed; 500 60.0 58.2 57.0 55. 2
Cold worked 50%. 260 413.7 401.3 393.0 380.6
17 AA Type 304 plate, 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 1200 21. 2 15. 2 12.0 10. 3 100
Solution aMealed 0, 5 h at 1950 F 649 146. 105. 82.7 71. 0
(1065C ).
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18/8
.... c'd'
1lE
.
!!°
af! t
.... _~·-NE >._
C N ~ CJ) N -* *e.
..
5 "'z ~ .. -
::J Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. u.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c ~
::J
(.) !: ·- E 0 .. _ E c·
0
~ s E .g.g
B "'"' "'"' z ·- -"Z
'ic 0
.. c.
!
:::!:
l!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ...ii
:;;
c
~
:::!:
a.
e
D.
::!: c:i ::!:
w
0 .
,;
er
•Typical composition.
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] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
a.,
.·
-= Initial
Residual stress,
Final s"
E form and size, history of material.
::J
c ""':; 8. ... (.) -g s. !
:::S ·- N ksi
MN/m 2
.:;!
~
c;; E'" z strain, stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment sE ~-!!
"'"' .!:! ~Cl ·;:;
s., .,
!! t; .,
t;
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h .,
·~
::i!: 0 "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
18 3 Soviet type 1Kh18N9. 68 28.7 35.1 31. 2 30. 3 Oding ring of uniform cross
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 20 198. 242.2 215. 209. section; bending.
1740 F ( 950 C), 1. 5 h, furnace cool; Average values from three tests
2100 F ( 1150 C ) , 1/3 h, water quench 752 25.2 25.7 20.4 have been scaled from a small
1290F(700C), 20 h,furnace cool; 400 173.5 177.5 141. plot.
750 F ( 400 C), 2 h, stress relief
after finish machining, air cool. 752 21. 3 18. 1
400 147.1 124.5
752 9.4 8. 5
400 64.7 59.
1112 12.2 5. 8
600 84.3 40.2
1112
----
ft.4.6
.., . . . . -;ii:
2.5
-
.1.1.ie.
-
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18/8
...· c
jj
E
::J
c "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
i
a.,
8. ... u
.s::."
b.
~
(I) N
~
....·- _E ~·-NE >·-
c
0 ,._
u) N
E
-*
'<t
c·
*E.,· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
;;;
·;:
2l
::J
Sl e:~
!! 'C 'C
., .... z ·--"
'iii :::E ~
z *'"-:::E
N-"Z
:::E d
0
-~ 0"'
"'
:!! t:
~
c c. "'c0 ,;
:::E c"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s CD
I-
~
c.. w "'
a:
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!
i!
..
-=-6 ·;;NE Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
E
"
..
:I
c:
·;:
"'f:!
:I
R
form and size, history of material.
Heat treatment
~
"'"-U 0 o. ._
e~ i:i:z- -cz- u~<.:J
E'° z strain, stress,
ksi
MN/m 2 stress, time,
~
~
·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. c..
~ ~ t: 'i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·=w..
:::!; ...."' w MN/m2 h h h h h MN/m 2
19 81 Soviet type Kh18N9. Room 21. 3 20.6 20.1 Oding/Volkova ring method;
"standard" heat treatment; 147. 1 142.2 138.8 Bending.
stress relieved 2 h at 7 50 F ( 400 C ) Residual stresses have been
after machining. 392 21. 3 18.9 18.3 scaled from the published plots
200 147. 1 130. 4 126.0 of residual stress versus test
temperature.
752 21. 3 19.6 19. 2 18.8 18.2 "Negative relaxation" was ob-
400 147. 1 135. 3 132. 4 129.4 125. 5 served between 100 and 1000 h
for temperatures about between
752 14.2 13.4 12. 5 1250 and 1550F(670 and 850C).
400 98.1 92.7 86.3
1832 21. 3 1. 0
1
~
.............
·- . ft
-·~
ft
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18/8
!E .,
::I
c:
c;;
t!
::I
Chemical composition, % by wt .
>._. -
en
~
N-
E
c
"'
~
0
c
~
.,.,·
Iii
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~
"i
N.><Z
"ic: 0
::i;;
l9
ca
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v N
ci ::i;;
w
0 .
-c
cc
20 AA 0. 048 1. 22 O. 48 18. 6 9. 7 O. 32 0. 031 0. 028 O. 015 Room 83. 4 25.5 88. 84. ASI'M grain size 1 to 3.
575. 175.5 Heat No. 9T2796.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!.
.:!
.
.a Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
form and size, history of material •
8."' u.. u .a·;;; "'e ksi :?"
""':;
::i
c: ~ IOC.z MN/m 2
E Z' i stress, i!" Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ 5! Heat treatment s-c u
·~
:= C!1 strain, stress, time, ·c:;
•t;
$
'I"'V ';;; % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h .!!
:iE"' a "'
~
"'
jjj MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 UJ
20 AA Type 304 plate, 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 75 5.9 40.0 35.7 35. 4 35. 4 20 Servo-controlled electro-hydraulic
Solution anneal 2000 F ( 1095 C ), 1/2 24 276. 246. 244. 244. tester.
hour. Gage section O. 25 in. (6. 3 mm)
900 7.0 30.8 29.8 29. 28. 28.0 168 diameter x 1-1/4 in. (32 mm)
482 212. 205.5 200. 193. 193. long.
Extensometers were attached to
900 40.0 39. 5 38.8 37.0 35. 5 300 the specimen shoulders for strains
482 276. 272. 268. 255. 245. greater than 1%.
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18/8
f. of;. ... Cl c.:>
.8E ., ] oqo c.:>
j3
*f.,·
CXl
e L1. "'~ en
"
c: ~
Chemical composition, % by wt. 8.
E gi ~
(.)
....
., ... --
N
~·-NE
z ·- _,. z ~~~
::; ·- E
N
*·=- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ "ii! ~ "t:J "t:J '5i :;: ~
0 .. --
:;: c:i
0
·g 0"'
:;:
~ ~ .,c: "'c:0 .,
s I-.,
t: Q. -ci
....e
:;: "'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v N p I- a:
w
20 AA 0. 048 1. 22 0.48 18.6 9.7 o. 32 0. 031 0.028 0.015
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~·
1lE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a :ii Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
3 ·- N "
..
::I
c:
·.::
2l
"':;"
~
~
form and size, history of material.
Heat treatment
~
~
8. LL. u "'8 s.~
!E "O"'"'
E .. z strain,
"O CJ~(!)
"'"' ·~
stress,
ksi 1 10
ksi
MN/m 2
%
"'
:E a"'
~
"'
I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
w
20 AA (Continuation). 1100 5.4 26.5 22.5 18.1 12.7 100
593 183. 155. 125. 87.6
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1818; 18125; 13Cr,9Mn,4Ni
...
.8E
"
c "'i::? Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
ae t5i
.... _
~
8. u.. u ~ ·- E ~0 ·-. ,E
N ~
_ >._ E
N
-
..,.
0
1f!.
c·
1f!.
..
~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c;; " e::
s..,.., :;; :::!: ·- .... z ~~z
...... z .i
0
·;;;:
tJ ..
~
10 ii
c ~
CL
:::!: ci :::!: c
0
.,;
:::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v N p s I- ~ e
Q.
0
w a:"'
20 AA 0.048 1. 22 0.48 18.6 9.7 0.32 0.031 0.028 0.015
21 13 O. 3 to 1. 5 2 to 17 to 23 to 0.035 0. 030
0.4 max. 3 20 26 max. max.
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!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f. ..
.a Residual stress,
e
., form and size, history of material. ~ ~·;;NE
Initial
ksi
Final
"
::J
c: :;" 8. u
LL. 0
e .. z
c. .....
MN/m 2
~
~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress.
~ 5! Heat treatment E "'"'
CD Gl
~ "C "C u $? CJ strain.
stress, time, ·o;
•t;
!! !! 't;
"'
:iE "'
Cl
.,
'.:
"'
w
% ksi 1
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
w
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
20 AA (Concluded). 1200 30.0 17.0 12.6 11. 6 20
649 207. 117. 86.9 80.0
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16Cr, 8-13Ni, 2Mo
e· .,· 0 .,.
£
!E ~ ~ -.
il
*...I!!
:::J
r:.
;;;
QI
~
:::J
51
Chemical composition, % by wt. tu..(..)
c.
E QI"' "'
..:ii
;:; ·-
"' cu-" Z
N
., -.E ~·-NE
cJi
·--" z ~·~~
0 ., -.
<>"-><Z
N
*.2 r:."
ca
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;: ~,,,,
=ar:. ~ '§ ~ ~ ~ ir:. 0
~ !! :;; c. ~
ca ca
~ 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Ti p s ....
QI I! 2
D..
0
w a:"'
23 w 0.09 1. 83 0.33 16.19 8.36 1. 54 0.02 o. 015
0
25 118 o. 06 1. 50 0.30 16.10 13.32 2.34 0.04 0.036 0. 021 Room 89. 6 72. 5
618. 500.
bo. 04 0.82 0.28 16.84 12.51 1. 87 0.04 0.025 0.008 932 65.4 48. 5
500 451. 333.5
0
Bolt composition.
bNut composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
..
.01 Initial
Residual stress,
~
~
::J
., form and size, history of material. ~
., u.. (.)
:::J ·-
-g ~!
N
ksi
Final
.f!
c: !:
sEg' ~
c;; ::J E.o z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment u ~CJ strain,
stress, time, ·r;
"C "C
2l
"'
~
ii "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
-~
"'
:E "'
Cl I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
23 w 16-8-2 weld metal. 1200 0,4 30.0 24. 2 20.0 17.0 600 Flow-rate tests.
As welded. 649 207. 167. 138. 117. Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
1200 0.2 24.0 20.4 17.0 13.9 13.0 2200
649 165.5 141. 117. 96. 89.6
24 w 16-8-2 weld metal. 1200 0.2 15. 5 12.3 7. 25 6.0 2250 Flow-rate tests.
Solution annealed. 649 107. 85. 50. 41. 4 Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
25 118 DIN 17006: X5CrNiMo 1810. 842 0,255 50.6 49.1 47.9 46.5 44.7 Nut thickness = O. 8 d.
M12 bolt and nut/DIN 931 or 934. 450 349.1 338. 330.5 321. 308. Test length 4-1/8 in. (105 mm).
Form head and reduce; Data have been scaled from a plot
Bolts 1560 F ( 850 C), water quench; 932 o. 258 50.6 48.2 46.4 43. 5 40.0
Roll threads. 500 349.1 332.5 320. 300. 275. 5
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15Cr,25Ni, 1Mo; 16-25-6
f!. ... 0
!E .,
" ":; Chemical composition, % by wt .
a~
8. ....
tiii
u ~ ·- E
N
]
.... _~ ·- E >._ cl? N
-
q-
";!!.
";!!.
.;
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c 0 .. _ E c·
...f!
~ ~
E g'
l!l
f ., ... z ·- ... z
"C "C ~ :iE ~ *"'- "i
N.><Z
:iE ci :iE
0
0
~ ~
... .,
t: c Q. c .,
-ci
:iE 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v N p s I- ~ ...e w
0
a:
26 118 t;t[O. 08 1. 50 0. 58 14.35 24.80 1. 26] 0.018 o. 009 Room 170. 144.
1172. 990.
l*[0.00"1 1. 51 0.61 14.36 24. 5: 1. 36] 0.015 0.010 932 145.1 129.
500 1000. 892.
1112 138.0 126.
600 951. 868.
1202 130.1 119. 5
650 897.3 824.
28 J 0.10 1. 70 0.57 16.58 25.68 6.08 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 1200 °
(649 C): 6.1 ksi (42 MN/m2).
•Bolt composition.
*Nut composition.
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~
E ., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
a ;
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
::J
c: ~
form and size, history of material, "'!. ... u "'5 ·- N
-g c. ..e ksi "
.:?
::J E"' z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
iij
Sl E .g
~ "'"'
.g u~ e,, strain, stress, time, ·o;
·;: Heat treatment
~ ·~ ·~
fl 100
"'
::!; 0"'
.,
t:
"'
iLi
% ksi 1
h
10 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
iLi
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
26 118 German Aircraft Spec. LNl. 4944. 932 0.34 63.6 61. 4 59.9 57. 5 55.5 Bolt with 12-point head;
500 438.4 423.6 413. 396. 382.5 Silver-plated 1/2-20 nut of same
material.
1022 0.266 48.9 38.3 Nut thickness = 1 d.
550 337.4 264. Test length 3-3/4 in. (95 mm).
Automatic relaxation tester.
1112 0.37 63. 6 57.2 52.9 45. 5 33.0 Data have been scaled from a plot.
Bolts 600 438.4 394. 365. 314. 227.5
28 J 16-25-6; 1-1/4 in. (32 mm) diameter 1200 19. 5 0,0125 43.0 ( 5. 9) ( 3. 2) 250
Hot roll; 649 134.5 296. 5 (41. ) (22. )
1275 F ( 690 C ), 4 h;
1200F(650C), 48 h.
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18/8 +Ti
e· ...·
.8E ..
a
10·
"'iii
] ...""'
0
'#.
:>
r:.
c;;
"'l:!
:>
Chemical composition, % by wt. ... u.. (.)
!. "'"' "'"'
N
~ ·0~ ~·-NE
0 .....
·--" z
ct.i
>.-
~ .. --
..
E *r:."
0 ..~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.i .. 51
~
!!E "O
;i
"O "'"' z
~ :E ~
Q.
:E ci
-"Z
:E
·~
"'r:.0
0
""ti
:E 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Ti p s I- ~ 0
ct w a:"'
30 79 0.12 0.51 0.70 18.00 9.15 0.5 0.018 0. 013
32 79
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!. ., a
-8E Residual stress,
. Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
.3
~
8. u.. (.)
.2
] ·s. NE Initial
ksi
Final t;
~
., . u::
::l
c:
... !::?
::l E .,.,,,, e .. z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;:: ~ Heat treatment ! CJ :§
~
.. ..
::i:
~
Q ii
~
"C "C
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
t;;
w
30 79 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 1112 21. 34 13.1 10. 7 600 VR-8 tester; tension.
2100F(1150C ), water quench; 600 147.1 90.3 73.8 Mean residual stress for five
1290F(700C), lOOh. tests has been scaled from a plot.
31 79 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 1067 22.6 28.45 ~17. 5 10 Ring specimens; bending.
2100 F ( 1150 C ) , water quench. to to Residual stresses have been
20.5 12 scaled from a plot.
575 155.8 196. 2 122 68
to to
141 82
32 79 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 1067 28.4 18.3 17.5 Ring specimens; bending.
575 195. 8 126. 121. Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
1067 21. 35 16.2 15. 7
575 147.2 112. 108.
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18/8 +Ti
0
iiE .,
::J
c ~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
-
'o:t
*-
c·
...,·
*-
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c;; ::J 0 Iii
·;: Si .i 0
.. l!!.
l!!
~ 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p
w
c
0 .,
-.;
a:
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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] ~- .. Residual stress,
s"
E
:i
c:
." Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a
~
8. u. u
:i
:i •-
-g
N
cs.~
Initial
ksi
Final
~
...·;: ~
ii! Heat treatment E .g
l!! "'"'
.g
E"'
·~~
z strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. c..
l!l
:!:
l!! ~
;;
I-
16
iii
e,,
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·=iii..
33 13 Soviet type 1Khl8N9T. 1202 21. 8 8.4 7. 1 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
1830 to 1920 F ( 1000 to 1050 C ), 650 150. 58. 49.
quench.
1202 14.5 6.2 3.9 2000
650 100. 43. 27.
34 13 Soviet type 1Khl8N9T. 1202 21. 8 9.9 8.4 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
1830 to 1920 F ( 1000to1050 C ), 650 150. 68. 58.
quench;
1380F(780C), 12 h. 1202 14. 5 5. 2 4. 1 2000
650 100. 36. 28.
35 13 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 1202 21.8 10.2 8.7 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
1830-1920 F ( 1000-1050 C ), quench; 650 150. 70. 60.
1470F(800C), 12 h.
1202 14.5 7.4 6.2 2000
650 100. 51. 43.
36 13 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 1202 21. 8 10. 9 8.6 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
2190-2280 F( 1200-1250 C ), quench. 650 150. 75. 59.
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18/8 +Ti
iiE
!!. .;;· .. 0
....
«>
aca "'
c ! ~
'<t
ae. .."'·
';/!.
(J1
0
:J "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. Q) N
•Nominal composition.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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~-
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a~ .2 Residual stress,
2
:J
., form and size, history of material . "50 "iiic._
NE
Initial
ksi
Final
"
.f
c: ~ 8. .... CJ
<ii :J
E i' "' e .. z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment ~"O.g u :=CJ ·c:;
.. ..
~
::!:
!!
0
.,
~
M
I-
..
-~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
't:
w
37 13 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 1202 21. 8 11. 8 9.4 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
2190-2280F(1200-1250C ), quench; 650 150. 81. 65.
1380F(750C), 12 h.
1202 14.5 6.8 5.7 2000
650 100. 47. 39.
38 13 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 1202 21. 8 12.0 10. 2 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
2190-2280F(1200-1250C), quench; 650 150. 83. 70.
1470F(800C), 12 h.
1202 14.5 8. 6 7.0 2000
650 100. 59. 48.
39 13 Soviet type 1Kh18N9T. 725 28.7 28.4 28.0 26.2 21. 3 15. 9 2500 Tests on springs 2. 3 in. (59 mm)
68 Wire 0. 2 in. (4. 5 mm) diameter, 385 198. 1 196. 1 193. 2 180. 4 147. 1 109.8 high x 3. 1 in. (79 mm) I. D., with
cold drawn from O. 3 in. (8 mm) 0. 4 in. (10 mm) pitch.
diameter hot-rolled bar. 788 33.1 29.2 26.0 18.2 8. 1 6. 1 1750
840 F( 450C ), 30 min.; Room temp. 420 228.5 201. 0 179.5 125. 5 55. 9 42.2
24 h with turns touching; Unload;
840 F ( 450 C ), 30 min. with turns 842 29.2 27. 0 21. 2 8.4 4.0 750
touching. 450 201. 0 186.3 146. 1 57.9 27.5
Coil
springs 40 13 Soviet type 1 Khl8N9T. 725 28.0 27.6 27.3 26.3 18.2 14.8 2500 Tests on springs 2. 3 in. (59 mm)
68 Wire 0. 2 in. (4. 5 mm) diameter, 385 199. 2 190.2 188.3 181. 4 125.5 102.0 high x 3. 1 in. (79 mm) I. D., with
cold drawn from 0. 3 in. (8 mm) 0. 4 in. (10 mm) pitch.
diameter hot-rolled bar. 788 28.4 26.0 24.0 18.8 8.7 6.7 1750
840 F ( 450 C ), 30 min. ; Room temp. 420 196. 1 179.5 165.7 129.4 59.8 46. 1
24 h with turns touching; unload;
840 F( 450C ), 30 min. with turns 842 28.0 25.9 21. 3 12.5 3.0 750
touching. 450 193. 2 178.5 147. 1 86.3 20.6
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18/8 +Ti,AI
-8E .,
!.
tS
..·
]
0
'<t
aE
8. .... u :> ·- E ~·-NE ~
--
~
~
~-
:J
c
iii
l:!
:J
S!
Chemical composition, % by wt .
E .g
l!l "'"'
.... --N
-.
z ~ ..:z
c'
.!!
0"'
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.. ..
·~
l!l !! c ci :::!: ic .,
:::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Ti Al p s .,
t:
{!.
Q.
!! 0
i:i
..... 0.. w a:
42 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77 0.6 0.16 0.01 0.009 Room 85.0 43.8 51. 72.
586. 302.
43 86 0.11 0.55 0.69 18.95 8.77 0.6 o. 16 0.01 0.009 Room 86. 42.5 52 72.
593. 293.
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.8E ~- .. Residual stress,
s
~
..
l!l
::!!
~
0 ii
"C
·~
.!!
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi h 'i
w
I- MN/m 2
41 E stainless "W". 1300 o. 39 50.0 5.3 2.0 18
1300 F ( 705 C ), air cool; 704 344.7 36.5 13.8
950 F ( 510 C ), air cool.
1300 0.25 40.0 5.0 2.25 18
704 275.8 34.5 15. 5
42 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21. 34 16.1 11. 7 Residual stresses have been
1740F(950C), 0.5 h, water quench 600 147. 1 111. 80.7 scaled from a small plot.
43 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 28.44 10. 5 4000 Residual stresses have been
1920F(1050C), 0,5h, water 600 196.1 72.4 scaled from a small plot.
quench.
1112 21. 34 19. 5 17.3 13. 5 9. 5 4000
600 147. 1 134.5 119. 3 93. 1 65. 5
44 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21. 34 12.3 7. 8 500 Residual stresses have been
1920 F(1050 c) 0.5 h, water quench; 600 147. 1 84.8 53.8 scaled from a small plot.
4
Pull cold to 10 o elongation.
45 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21. 34 10.6 6.4 500 Residual stresses have been
1920 F(1050 c) 0.5 h, water quench; 600 147. 1 73.1 44.1 scaled from a small plot.
4
Pull cold to 20 o elongation.
46 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21. 34 9.8 5. 8 500 Residual stresses have been
1920F(1050C), 0.5h, water quench; 600 147.1 67.6 40.0 scaled from a small plot.
Pull cold to 30% elongation.
47 86 Poldi steel AKVS. 1112 21. 34 20. 0 15. 8 Residual stresses have been
2100 F (1150 C), 0.5 h, water quench. 600 147. 1 138. 109. scaled from a small plot.
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18/8 +Nb
... ..,.c
~
E
::i
.,
f:! Chemical composition, % by wt .
!!.
a..
~';~
t.,c
....
l:i ·-
~
._ >._
E ~·-NE
<Ii ..
E
-* *..·f
.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
., ... z ·- ... z * .,_
r: r:"
::i 0 .,_
E ., ., 0
~ 51 N.><Z
'ic
~
::!!
.
l!!
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb p s I-i
! "C 'C 'iii
c
i!
::!! ~
Q.
...e
::!! d ::!!
w
0
0
.,
-0
cc _;.
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j
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e
a
...
"
3 Initial
Residual stress,
Final B-
"
.s"
·-N
form and size, history of material. l? ksi .ll!
c: "'" 8. .... (.) "8 S.! MN/m 2
~ E'" z stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
strain, stress, time,
·;:: Sl Heat treatment sE .g"'"'-8 u~ 0 ·i;
.. ..
:E
!!!
0
~
16
I-
..
-~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
-~
w
48 w Type 347 bar. 1200 0.4 19.0 17.2 15.5 13.1 11. 0 1865 Flow-rate tests.
Solution annealed. 649 131. 118. 5 107. 90. 75.8 Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot.
1200 o. 2 15. 9 14.2 12.8 10.2 10.0 1026
649 110. 98. 88. 70. 69.
1800 o. 2 0.75 1. 25
5.2
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18/S+Nb
e· ~ c
.2i
E a t&i ]
c4 ~
....""' ~
..,·
"'... u..u
..
Cl> N
Chemical composition, % by wt.
~·-NE
::I N
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
~
l:!
::I
SI !!. .... ~-;;~., ... z 0 ...... ~
.g .g :;; ::E ·- ... z N-"'Z .2
......
>._ E c"
'O
~ ic
l!!
"' c
::E
.
~
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb p s
t:
{!?. ~
c Q.
...~
::E ci ::E
w
0
,;
Cl>
a:
49 w 0.09 1. 96 0.27 19.22 10.24 0.68 0.025 0.012
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f.
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a .2 Initial
Residual streu,
s
~
ll
I-
"C "C
~
" .- C!l
.,
jjj
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
jjj
49 w Type 347 weld metal; 1200 0.2 25.8 23.3 20.7 16.0 900 Flow-rate tests.
Low (2%) ferrite. 649 178. 161. 143. 110. 3 Residual stresses have been
As welded. scaled from a plot.
1300 0.2 23.7 19.8 14.3 9.0 1450
704 163. 136. 5 98.6 62.0
51 95 Low ferrite Type 347 weld metal. 1200 15. 2 0.20 29.5 26.9 25.0 21. 3 17.0 500 Automatic relaxation tester.
As welded. 649 104.8 203.4 185.5 172.4 146.9 117. 2 Results have been scaled from a
Automatic plot.
vs. 1200 14.5 0.20 28.6 26.0 23.7 20.2 17.0 500
Manual 649 100.0 197.2 179. 3 163.4 139. 3 117. 2
1200 15. 5 0.20 29.0 25. 3 20.7 17.8 500 Manual load reductions.
649 106.9 200.0 174.4 142.7 122.7 Results have been scaled from a
plot.
I
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18/8+ Nb
2!. -s· ... 0
.3E ""
:I
c:
.,
l::! Chemical composition,% by wt.
aI!
!_LL U
5i"'
::; ·- E
N
~ u)
......... 8 ·;;~ ?ft.>._.......E
- N N
.....
"'"
?ft.
..
?ft.
sE f .,,i' '5i"'"' ·=
:I
~ S! z::!! ·-~ "'z
0
...."'0
.. ..
s .,c: ::!!
N.><Z
0 ::!! 'ic:
::!!
l9
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb+Ti Cu p s ~
t:
..... e
Cl. w
0 .,
'ti
a:
52 106 0.07 1. 68 0.54 17.91 12.4 0.92 0.07 o. 014 o. 018 Room 80.1 •32,3 62.3 71.5
552. 223.
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j Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e· . ·
..:!
Residual stress,
~
~
E
:I
c "'::! form and size, history of material. ~8. ... CJ -50 ·0Q.~
"'e
Initial
ksi
Final
.:?
MN/m 2
~
:I
5l Heat treatment i'
E ..,
!l .f .2Em~ C!1z strain, stress, - stress, time, ~
·c:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
:E
..
l!
0
t:
"'
I-
.,
t:
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·5
w
52 106 AISI Type 347. 1202 0.15 23. 5 21. 5 19.0 15.5 Automatic tester.
2010 F( llOOC ), 2 h, water quench. 650 162. 148. 131. 107. In cyclic-strain tests, a complete
cycle lasted 31 seconds, with a
1202 0.15 ± 22.5 20. 5 18. 12-second hold at maximum and
Cyclic 650 0.0051 155. 141. 123. minimum strain.
strain Results have been scaled from a
1202 0.15 ± 20. 18. 14.5 plot.
650 0.009! 138.5 125. 100.
I I
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18/8 +W,Mo; 14/14 +W,Mo
e· £,• ... c
v
.8E !
"c:
.
~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
.a\? ~
....
8. .... (.)
lo E ~ ·- E >._ E *
·- -.
N CJi
.::
N
-.
*~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ "51 e::
$
...... z ·- .... z
0
~~2 .9
.. -.
0"'
"O "O
'ic: ::!: ~ ic:
~
::!:
!!!
"
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w p s ..
t:
I- ~
Q.
e
0..
::!: d ::!:
0
w
.
-ci
a:
i.
56 13 O. 4 to 0. 30 o. 30 13 to 13 to 0. 25 2 to 0. 030 0. 030
0. 5 max. to 15 15 to 2.5 max. max.
0,80 0.40
•Nominal composition.
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] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~
ii
..
::J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
B
E
::J CD form and size, history of material • ~ -; ·- N
!. ... u -g IS. E
ksi "
~
c
~
~
::J
l!! .g
E "'"' E~
.g "-Cl z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time. ~
:~
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
. .
l!!
~
51
fl
0
Heat treatment
..
CD
I-
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
w
53 J 1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 1200 19.2 1. 42 40.0 ( 3. 9) ( 2. 2) 260
Hot rolled; 1400 F ( 760 C ), 25 h; 649 132.4 275.8 (27. ) (15. )
1200F(650C), 48 h.
54 82 Soviet type 1Kh14Nl4V2M. 1112 23. 5 17. 15. 500 Oding ring method; bending.
(Alloy EI 257). 600 162.0 118. 103.5 Residual stresses have been
2100F(1150C ), water quench; scaled from a plot.
1290F(700C), 50 h. 1112 20.55 15.7 14. 500
600 141. 7 108. 96. 5
55 50 Soviet alloy EI 257. 932 21. 3 17.1 200 Tension specimens in automatic
2100F(l150C), 2 h, water quench. 500 147. 1 117. 7 relaxation tester.
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20Cr,25Ni +W,Mo,B
...
.8E
"r::. "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
'I!.
.,
~ t5i
~';,~ ~·en! ~·-NE
N
]
u) N -*
0
<I'
?f1.
.,·
.,~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~~~ 'i
0 .. _ r::.'
;;; "5l "'CD
!E "'C
..... z ·- ... z
::!: ~
0
0
·~ 'iii ~ ::!:
"'C
:i r::.
::!:
t; Q. r::. -ci
::!: 0"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s "'
I- i! e
.:..
0
iii a:"'
57 13 Hardness: BHN 187.
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~ !!" .. Residual stress,
E ., Specifications, type melting, deox idation, ~ ..2
-60
Initial Final ~
::J form and size, history of material. "'~ ... c._
·;;NE ksi .!!!
c:
:;" (.)
., .,
Eoo z strain, MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment E "C"'"'
:!! "C u ~"
stress, time, ·;;
•t;
l!l l!! ...ll •t;
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"' c"'
~ I- "'
jjj
MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
jjj
57 13 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3B. 1202 29.0 13.6 6. 5 6.2 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
Austenitized 1830-1920 F( 1000- 650 200. 94. 45. 43.
1050C ).
1202 21. 8 11. 0 6.0 3.3 2000
650 150. 76. 41. 23.
58 13 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3B. 1202 29.0 12.9 9. 7 7.5 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
Austenitized 1830-1920 F ( 1000- 650 200. 89. 67. 52.
1050 c );
Aged 1380 F ( 750 C ), 24 h. 1202 21. 8 6. 1 3.6 2000
650 150. 42. 25.
59 13 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3B. 1202 29.0 14.2 10.9 8.7 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
1830-1920 F( 1000-1050 C ); 650 200. 98. 75. 60.
1470F(800C), 24 h.
1202 21. 8 5. 7 3.8 2000
650 150. 39. 26.
60 13 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3B. 1202 29.0 14.5 8.6 7.7 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
2190-2280 F ( 1200-1250 C ). 650 200. 100. 59. 53.
61 13 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3B. 1202 29.0 15.1 11. 6 9.4 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
2190-2280F(1200-1250 C ); 650 250. 104. 80. 65.
1380F(750C), 24 h.
1202 21. 8 12.0 9. 1 5.8 2000
650 150. 83. 63. 40.
62 13 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3B. 1202 29.0 19.6 14. 5 12.2 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
2190-2280 F ( 1200-1250 C ); 650 200. 135. 100. 84.
1420F(800C), 24 h.
1202 21. 8 12.3 9.9 7.5 2000
650 150. 85. 68. 52.
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17Cr,13Ni +Mo, Ti
... c'ot
]
E .,
e·
j3 t
e8. .... u 5i
]
cli -"* "*ff
.- ..
N 7ij N
Chemical composition,% by wt. N
:I
r::. ~
:I ~·;;;! a·;;;~
..... z ·- ... z
>._ E r::.·
.5!
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ ~ $E .g .g
"'"' ~ .><Z
:::!: ~ ir::. 0
. cl!..
&
:::!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Ti p s i
I-
~
i!. ~
c.
D..
:::!: d :::!:
w
0 .,
"Ci
a:
63 118 •o. 06 1. 32 0.50 16.98 12.32 1. 94 0. 53 0.038 0.008 Room 101. 0 72.
696.3 495.
*0.07 1. 32 0.42 17. 06 11.88 2.24 0. 53 0.032 0.009
572 80.4 58.
300 554. 402.
932 75.4 51.
500 520. 353.
"Bolt composition
*Nut composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e
a
..
.a Residual stress,
2
~
..
,e?"'C (!)
.. ..
l!!
::!:;
~
Cl
i
I-
..
-~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
-~
w
63 118 M12 bolt, DIN 931 or 934. 572 0.232 50.6 49.1 47.9 47.2 45.8 Nut thickness 0. 8 d.
Bolt steel XlOCrNlMoTi 1810/ DIN 300 349.1 338. 330.5 325.5 316. Test length 4-1/8 in. (105 mm).
17006; Nut of the same alloy. Data have been scaled from a plot.
Bolt processing: Form head; 842 0.255 50.6 47.8 46.4 45. 1 43.7
Bolts 1510-1580 F ( 820-860 C ), water; 450 349.1 329.5 319.5 311. 301.
Reduce; roll threads.
932 0.258 50.6 47.1 45.0 41. 8 39. 5
500 349.1 324.5 310. 288. 272.5
64 79 Soviet alloy El 432. 1112 21. 34 14.2 9.2 600 VR-8 tester; tension.
2100 F ( 1050 C ), water quench; 600 147.1 97.9 63.4 Residual stresses have been scale
1290F(700C), 100 h. from a plot giving an average
curve for five tests.
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13Cr, 12 Ni+ W, Ti,AI; 15Cr, 18-35Ni + W,Ti
f ~·
... c'd'
~ ]
il "'m -- <;".
-- ._ e > .0...
E Q) e ... N cJi N '#.
::J Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. u J= ·- E ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
r::. ~ .,.!_ r::.· ~
66 13 0.08 0. 5 0.6 13 to 18 to 3 to 4 1. 3 to
max. to max. 15 21 1. 8
1. 9
67 13 0. 12 1. 0 0.6 14 to 34 to 2.8to 1. 1 to
max. to max. 16 38 3.5 1. 5
2.0
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
i3
.
.2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final
g
~
65 86 Poldi steel AKVJB. 1112 28.44 7.1 4000 Residual stresses have been
1740F(950C), 1 h, air cool. 600 196.1 49.0 scaled from a small published
plot.
1112 21. 34 2.2 4000
600 147.1 15. 2
68 65 Soviet alloy EI 612. 1202 43.4 36.8 26.0 23.75 1800 Gage section 12 mm (O. 5 in)
650 299.2 254. 179. 164. diameter x 155 mm(6 in.) long.
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15Cr, 25·35Ni -i-W,Ti
~ Pi -s· ~- 0
*--
~
. a *.;
E
"'t LL. u ~c"' ·- E ~·-NE cJi N
.... --
QI N
::J
~
Chemical composition, % by wt. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c c· ~
::J
E 0 .. .._ >= ·- .§
c. .,"' .,
'O"'
"' 0
ii
"'"' z:::;; ·-~ "'z ~~z
·;: ~ !! "'Q "'Q :;; :::;; d 'ic
~
:::;;"'
l!l
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Ti p s ..
t:
fo-
c
i!
c.
e
Q.
:::;;
w
0 ..
-0
a:
70 13
72 85
•Typical composition.
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j E .,,· Residual stress, ~
71 84 Soviet alloy El 612. 1202 0 35. 5 29.8 28.9 250 0. 28 in. (7 mm) diameter x 5. 5 in.
"Appropriate" heat treatment. 650 0 245. 205.5 199. (140 mm) long gage section.
IRS-01 tester with rigid dyna-
1202 7 .1 35. 5 28.9 27.8 250 mometers to measure axial load
650 49. 245. 199. 191. 5 and torque.
Residual stress (axial) has been
1202 14.2 35. 5 27.8 26.6 250 scaled from a plot.
Tension 650 98. 245. 191. 5 183. 5
+
Torsion 1202 21. 3 35. 5 26.2 25.0 250
650 147. 245. 181. 172.5
72 85 Soviet alloy El 612. 1202 34. 8 a29. 3 28.4 26.5 500 Step-down test, with curve passed
Austenitized. 650 240.3 202.0 195.6 182.4 thru the minimum point for each
step. Results have been scaled
from a plot.
1202 34.8 a29.9 28.7 26.9 500 1.09
Tension 650 240.3 205.9 198.1 185.4 IRS-01 tester; load measured to
YI. 0. 5% with a stiff hydraulic dyna-
lending mometer. Gage section 0. 28 in.
(7 mm) diameter x 5. 5 in. (140 mm
1202 34.8 a30.6 29.5 27.9 500
650 240.3 210. 8 2.03. 5 192.2 Ring specimen; bending.
Results have been scaled from a
plot.
* 120 h. a50 h.
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15Cr, 35Ni + W, Ti
iiE
"c
.
::! Chemical composition, % by wt . Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Ci
·;: 51"
**
::!:
73
0
14
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s
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] ~ ... Residual stress, ~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, aca ::i
Initial Final .9
u
form and size, history of material. :; ·- N
ksi
::i
c: "'~
::i
8. u. u -ge ..~~z MN/m 2
.:!!
~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress,
~ 5! Heat treatment E "'"' u ~ <..?
J!! -8 -8 strain, stress, time, ·.:;
J!! !!! ·~ ·~
ca ca
~
~ ca % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ca
~ 0 "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
73 14 Soviet type Khl 5N3 5V5T. 1202 35. 6 *32. 3 a30. 4 26.3 Tension specimens.
650 245.2 222.6 209. 9 181. 4
*120 h.
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lSCr, 25Ni +W, Ti,B, Ce
...
.8E
::J
c:.
. !::! Chemical composition, % by wt .
i
aE
8. ....
u
.s:::
b.
ii N
.. _
]
"' ·- E ~0 ·-.,,_
:::; E
Cl)
>._
N
E
-0
oot
'IF.
c:."
'IF.
.. .
!
~
l!!
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Ti B Ce .
t:
I-
"C 'C
~
c:.
~ e
a.
c.
::!: d ::!:
w
"'c:.0 .
,;
a:
76 14
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.!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~
aI!
..·
:I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final su
:; •- N
form and size, history of material. ksi
:I
"'~ 8. .... °8 S. .:?
c
ftj
·;:
:I
Si Heat treatment
u
Ef"'
l!I
E.o
E
z
.g u ~CJ strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
..
* ..
•t;
5
~ "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
w
:::!: Cl I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
74 10 Soviet type Kh15N25V5T. 1292 42.7 32. 26. 24.5 2000 Ring specimens; bending.
Soviet alloy EP 164. 700 294.2 220. 177. 169. Data have been scaled from a plot.
75 13 Soviet type Kh15N25V4T. 1202 36.3 30. 8 29.2 23.2 "Typical" values.
Soviet alloy EP 164. 650 250. 212. 201. 160.
Austenitized;
Aged 90-180 deg. F (50-100 deg. C) 1256 36.3 29.6 26.8 17.4
above test temperature. 680 250. 204. 185. 120.
76 14 Soviet type 3Khl9N9VBT. 1112 0.100 15. 2 11. 4 Ring specimens; bending.
600 105. 78.5
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HS-88; Cr/Ni +W, Mo, Ti, B
f.
-
Cl
~
~-
.8E ~ ] oqo
"#.
....·- _E ·--"
"' .,·
.. -
E ~ cJi ~
::i
c: ":::! Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. ... (..) ~
N
~·-NE ~--
0 .. _
N
E c:' f Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~
::i
51 e~i z ~ -><Z .g 0"'
l!l =a""' z ~ ~
.,
l!l
~
:;
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Ti B s
.
~
"
I-
-0 -0
"
c:
I-
~
a.
e
a..
ci ~
w
"'c:"'
0
-c
"
er:
77 N 0.06 1. 48 0.69 11. 81 ~6.04 2.64 0.85 0.75 0.19 Hardness: BHN 255.
Grain size 4.
78 14
79 w "'0.070 1. 5 0.4 12. 15. 2. 3.68 1. 13 0. 011 80 104.9 *73. 85. 32. 63.
27 723.3 503. 586.
1200 71. *54. 61.
649 489.5 372.
1350 57.5 *46. 56. 30. 71.
732 396.4 317. 386.
•c and B by analysis; other elements by addition. *o. 02% offset yield strength.
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~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
e
;:!
~
~
"
:; ·- N
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final B-
.:"
"c:
CD
~ 8. u. u -g IS.!
E"' z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "&l Heat treatment E "'"'
CD CD
~"C "t:1 u ~ (!) strain, stress, stress, time, ·c:;
2l ·~
ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·="'
*
';;; %
"'
::E Cl
CD
I-
"'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
77 N HS-88. 1050 60.0 47. 3 ( 46.) 432
1-1/16 in. (27 mm) diameter. 566 413. 7 326. (317.)
Hot-cold worked.
1200 40. 0 20.0 ( 18.) 236
649 275.8 138. (124.)
79 w 150 lb. (70 kg) induction furnace. 1200 21. 36.2 35. 33.9 31. 0 28.0 (25. 0) strain corresponds to an initial
4 x 4 x 18 in. (100x100x460 mm) 649 144.8 249. 6 241. 234. 214. 193. (172.) stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m 2 )
ingots forged to 2. 75 in. (70 mm) at room temperature.
squares between 2100 and 1900 F 1350 18. 30.15 28.1 25. 6 22.0 16.0 ( 9. 5)
(1150 and 1040 C); Cogged to 1. 75in 732 124.1 207.9 194. 176.5 152. 110. (65. 5)
(45 mm) squares; Rolled to 1 in. (25
mm) rounds. 1350 30.15 28.8 26.5 23.2 17.0 (10. 0)
2100F(1150C), 1 h, air cool; 732 207.9 198. 5 183. 160. 117. (69. )
Reheat to 1500F(815C); roll to 7/8
in. (22 mm) rounds between 1400 and
1200 F( 760 and 650C ); Straightening
passes taken as low as 900 F ( 480 C )
1500F(815C), 2 h.
*120 h .. a500 h.
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EME; Cr,Ni+W,Nb,B or Mo,Nb,B
...·
.8E .,
::l
c ~
Chemical composition, % by wt .
Pi
i3
t LL. u
~-
~
"'
....
iii
_ N
~
·- E ~·-NE
0 .. _
u)
>._
N
E
-*
0
"3'
c·
*~' Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::l Cl."'"' ., ... z z *"'- 0
"'
~ 5l E i:s
~ "'"'
"'C ~ :E ~
·- .>< N.><Z
:E d
·~ 0
;; ~ t: c
{!!.
Cl.
:;;
c"' -g
:;; 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Nb N p s Q)
I-
E
CL w
0
a:
80 H 0. 13 0.55 0.60 19.5 11.98 3.28 1. 24 0. 10 Room 117. 4 69.9 32. 55. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 1000 J"
809.4 482. (538C ): 39. 5 ksi (272 MN/m 2 ).
81 u o. 12 0.54 0.40 19. 03 12.30 3.25 1. 25 Room 132.5 120.5 16. 52. Hardness: BHN 285/302/
913.6 831.
Ta
82 u 0. 14 o. 56 0. 36 19.02 12.00 0. 15 3.01 0. 54 0. 162 0.016 0.016 Hardness: VPH 240/302.
B
83 13 0.12 13 to 17 to 2.4 1. 0.007
max. 14 19
•%/5D. *Nb+ Ta
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] e· ,,.· Residual stress, ~
. ..
'ii
ii strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
·;:: Heat treatment
~
::!!
10
Cl
.,
<;;;
~
~w % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
•t;
w
80 H EME 1000 23.0 0.18 37. 6 35. 4 500
3 in. (76 mm) diameter. 538 158.6 259. 244.
Cold work at 1200 F ( 650 C);
1250 F ( 675 C ), 4 h, air cool.
82 u Modified EME 900 36.0 35. 5 35. 4 32.7 1054 Strain corresponds to an initial
3. 75 in. (95 mm) diameter. 482 248.2 244.8 244. 1 225.5 room-temperature stress of
45ksi(310.3 MN/m2).
1000 42.8 38. 3 34.4 30. 3 1007
538 295.1 264. 237. 209.
83 13 Soviet type 1Kh14N18V2BR1 1202 29.0 18.3 16.2 13. 9 5000 "Typical" values.
Soviet alloy El 726 650 200. 126. 112. 96.
Austenitized;
!Aged 90-180 deg. F (50-100 deg. C) 1202 21. 8 15. 5 13.3 12.8 2000
above test temperature. 650 150. 107. 92. 88.
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20Cr/25Ni +Mo, W, Nb, B, Ce
e· - ..
~
E cu
a
E
~-
""~ N
] -* *.e.-
0
~
..
Chemical composition, % by wt. Cl) N
"'c ~ 8. u.. (.J ~·u;~ ~·-NE
0 .. _
>.;;~ c" Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
iij "'IX Eg~ cu-" Z ·- ""z c;e.:.:z
0
·;:
tJ ..
l!!
!:? ,,
t;
'C
'a
c
::!; ~
Q.
::!; ~ ::!; 'i
c
0
,;
cu
::!; 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Nb B Ce cu
I-
I- e
a..
0
Ui
cu
cc
85 15 0. 14 0.89 0.38 21. 5 23.7 2.65 1. 08 1. 25 0.003 0.020
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] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
a..
.-
:I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final 2
E
:I
c: "':::! form and size, history of material.
~LL U
3 ·- N
~ S.!
ksi "
:!
:I
~:: e .. z MN/m 2 stress, time, l:' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment "'C "'C ·~~ (!)
strain, stress, ·c:;
. ..
2l
::;!;
:l
Q
."'
!
~
I-
..!!!
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
85 15 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3BR 1202 28.4 19. 2 14. 5 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet alloy EP 148 650 195.8 132. 100.
2190F(1200C ), quench.
1202 21. 3 12.0 9.7
650 146.9 83. 67.
86 15 Soviet type Kh20N25VM3BR. 1202 28.4 13. 9 11. 0 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet alloy EP 148. 650 195.8 96. 76.
1830 F ( 1000 C ), quenched.
1202 21. 3 10.0 5.8
650 146.9 69. 40.
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19Cr/9Ni i· Mo, Nb, Ti
e· ... a
]
E aE t ] ""
._
*...
::J
c
Oi
"'~
::J
i
Chemical composition, % by wt.
sE .g"'"'
....
8_"-U bii ·- "._
E ~0 ·- E
cu-"' Z ·--"' z *
~ :;;
~
>._ E *c·
.. ._
N
.. ._ .2
N.><Z
..
0
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;: ::!! 5
.. a..
l!l l9 ..... c Q.
::!! c:i ::!! ic -c
::!! c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb Ti p s "'
I- i! ...e 0
w cc"'
87 78 0.27 0.7 0.4 18 to 8 to 1 to 0.3 0. 25 68 106.7 46.9 42. 50.
to to to 20 11 1. 5 to to 20 735. 5 324.
0.36 1. 2 0.7 0.6 0.55 1112 69.7 35. 6 20. 46.
600 480.5 245.
1202 63. 3 34. 1 24. 55.
650 436.4 235.
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iiE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!
~
..
::i
Residual stress,
B
~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
87 78 Soviet alloy EI 572. 1112 24.2 0.150 30.9 24.2 19. 5 17.1 16.4 1548 UIM-5 Relaxation tester.
2155 F ( 1080 C ), water quench; 600 167. 212.8 167. 134. 118. 112. 8 Gage section 5. 9 in. (150 mm)
Age 1470 F ( 800 C ), 15 h. long x 0. 5 in. (12 mm) diameter.
1112 0.241 28.5 24.2 22.8 20.6 19.8 1240
600 196.1 167. 157. 142. 136. 3
88 13 Soviet alloy EI 572. 1040 29.0 22.0 20.9 19.4 "Typical" values.
Austenitized; 560 200. 152. 144. 134. 5000
Aged 90-180 deg. F (50-100 deg. C)
above test temperature. 1112 43.5 26.1 20.2 14.5 5000
600 300. 180. 139. 100.
1112
600
1112
36.3
250.
29.0
23.2 17. 8
160. 123.
20.0 17. 0
13.9 5000
96.
13. 0 5000
-
600 200. 138. 117. 90.
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19·9· DL
.8E •l £
~
]
..,a
i!
~ 5i
b.
I/) --
~ ....·
~
.... --
N
::I
c:. "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. LL (J
N
:::; ·- E ~·-NE>.-! c:." ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.g
c. "' "' ...... z ·-
..
::I
o; .... z ~~z
0 .. --
·;:: 51 ~ .g .g :;;; 0
~
.. a.
$
::!:
l!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Nb Ti p s ..
t:
I-
::!:
c:.
I!.
c.
...e
::!: ci ::!:
w
en
c:.
0
.,;
"'
a:
89 J 0.33 1. 14 0.65 19.10 9.05 1. 35 1. 14 0.35 0.16 Room 120.5 79. 0 33. 46. Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 12001
830. 8 545. (649C ): 5. 2 ksi (35. 9 MN/m2 ).
90 c 0.26 0.52 0.27 18.95 9.05 1. 22 1. 19 0.29 o. 21 Stress for 0. 00001 91oI h creep rate, ksi
MN/m2
1050 F 23. 0 1200 F 15.7
566C 159. 649 c 108.
1350 F 7.0 1500 F 2.0
732 c 48. 816C 14.
Co
91 N o. 30 0.90 0.70 18.72 9. 12 1. 18 1. 33 0.35 o. 25 0. 10 Room 103. 21. 3 36.5 42. 47. Hardness: BHN 193.
710. 147. 252.
92 u 0.33 1. 14 0.65 19.10 9.05 1. 35 1. 14 o. 35 0. 16 Room 156. 93. 17. 46. Creep-rupture strengths, ~~/m 2 :
1076. 641.
100 h 1000 h 10, 000 h
llOOF
-- - --
53. ( 27.)
593 c 365. (186.)
1200 F 45. 28. ( 15.)
649C 310. 193. (103.)
Elongations in the above tests were only
1-2% at 1100 F; 1-4% at 1200 F.
V-notch Charpy impact: 20 ft. lb. (27 JoulN ).
93 u 0.29 1. 23 0.77 19. 30 9.50 1. 18 1. 12 0.51 0. 16 0.026 0.019 Room 110. 60. 47. 55.
758. 4 414.
1000 82. 46. 35. 51.
538 565.4 317.
94 u 0. 31 1. 28 0.65 19. 20 9.02 1. 42 1. 43 0.51 0.30 0.025 0.016 Room 107. 41. 40. 51.
737.7 283.
1000 73. 34. 28. 44.
538 503.3 234.
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~-
~ Residual stress, ~
10
:E
.
~
Cl
l!! "C "C " .... (!)
.,
t:
I-
.,
w
·~
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
'£;
w
89 J ASTM A453, Grade 651. ["19-9DL"] 1200 19.9 1. 23 32.0 5.0 (2. 85) 1012
1. 25 in. (32 mm) diameter. 649 137. 2 220.6 34.5 (19. 6)
As received, plus 1200 F ( 650 C ),
48 h.
93 u 19-9DL. 1000 23.5 0.2 40.0 36. 32. 28.5 30.0 3000
2 in. (51 mm) diameter. 538 162.0 275.8 248. 196.5 207.
Finish roll at 1500 F(815C);
1200 F ( 650 C ), 4 h, air cool. 1100 20.6 0.2 37.0 28. 22. (18. 0) 20.0 2700
593 142.0 255.1 193. 152. (124.) 138.
94 u 19-9DL. 4 in. (102 mm) diameter. 1000 21. 0 o. 2 37.0 34. 32. (27. 5) 30.0 3050
Finish roll 1500 F ( 815 C ); 538 144.8 255.1 234. 221. (190.) 207.
1200 F ( 650 C), 4 h, air cool.
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19-9 DL
...
.8E
::i
c 8
~
Chemical composition, % by wt.
et
a~ ~
.... _
5i N
!_ "-U J:J ·- E ~·-NE
]
en N *-
0 .. _ >._ E c·
-
0
'<t
*-
...
..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E gt f ..... z ·- ... z *-'"- 0
~ ~ $ "t> "t>
~ ~
N.><Z
~ d 'ic 0
~
~
~
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Nb Ti p s I-ii
. I
~
I-
~
0
iii
.
-0
IC (')
0
95 u o. 32 1. 09 0.62 19.27 9. 17 1. 37 1. 36 0.42 0. 40 0.027 o. 010 Room 105. 1*39, 44. 52. Charpy V-notch impact 34 ft. lb. (46 Joules . s::
::g
Cu 724. 269.
0.24 fll26. f;
1000 79.
538 545. 179.
34. 45.
...
>-3
0
z
96 u 0.29 1. 11 0.65 19.11 9.00 1. 28 1. 29 0.32 0. 25 0.018 0.016 Room 121. *72. 34. 51. Charpy V-notch impact 57 ft. lb. (177 Joule~)
0
834. 496. 'tj
Co Cu en
o. 32 0.16 1000 91. *58. 28. 45. >-3
538 627. 400. ~
en
enI
97 u o. 31 1. 20 0. 56 18.37 8.86 1. 42 1. 37 0. 39 o. 25 0.027 o. 004 !XI
Cu t'l
t"'
K>.012
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~-
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a .2 Residual stress, ~
B
., Initial Final
!_LL (.J ~·~e "
form and size, history of material. ~ ksi
=
c: ~
::i Eio Z MN/m 2
~
~ Relaxation-test p·rocedure and comments
iii E "'"' u :=CJ strain, stress, stress, time,
·;: Sl Heat treatment !! ~-! ·c:;
.!!
::E
21
"'
0 ~
I-
·~
w
.. % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·=..
w
95 u 19-9DL; 2.81 in. (71.4 mm) diameter. 1050 22.7 0.2 29.0 27. 25. (23.) 24.0 2000
2175 F ( 1190 C), 2 h, water quench; 566 lt6. 5 200.0 186. 172. (159.) 165.5
1400F(760C), 8 h, air cool.
96 u 19-9DL; 2.31 in. (58.7 mm) diameter 1000 20.0 o. 2 37.0 31. 28. (25.) 27.0 2252
Hot-cold work to 1200 F ( 650 C ); 538 137.9 255.1 214 193. (172.) 186.
1400 F ( 760 C ), air cool.
97 u 19-9DL; 2.00 in. (50.8 mm) diameter 1100 21. 5 0.2 35.0 31. 24. (17. 5) 20. 3650
Hot-cold work; 593 148.2 241. 3 214. 165.5 (121.) 138.
1200F(650C), 6 h, air cool.
98 u 19-9DL; 2.00 in. (50.8 mm) diameter. 1100 20.5 o. 2 37.0 28. 23. (18. 5) 21. 2768
Hot-cold work; 593 141. 3 255.1 193. 159. (127. ~ ) 145.
1250 F ( 675 C ), 6 h, air cool.
99 u 19-9DL; 2.00in.(50.8mm) diameter. 1100 21. 0 0.2 37.0 30. 26. (22. 3) 25. 2435
Hot-cold work; 593 144.8 255.1 207. 179. (154.) 172.
1350F(730C), 6 h, air cool.
10< u 19-9DL; 2.31 in. (58. 7 mm) diameter. 1100 21. 3 o. 2 40.0 33. 30. (24. 5) 28. 2751
Hot-cold work; 593 146.9 275.8 227.5 207. (169.) 193.
1250F(675C), air cool.
....
CX>
"'
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7to203 Mn
...
]
E
:>
c:
.,
~
:>
Chemical composition, % by wt .
e·
z
~ u... (.J
i
ii"' N
,;;
*...
..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Oi E
c. .,
"' .,"' z ~~z
0
·;: Sl :!! ·~ 0
~ :;;!
.. 'iii
"C "C :::!; :::!; :::!;
l!l
~ .,
t: .,c: c. "'c:0 .,
,;
:::!; 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Nb p s ~
~ e
"- w a:
102 13 0. 18 17 to 12 to o. 5
to 20 14 to
0.33 0.8
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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~ ~ .. Residual stress,
.. ~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ::i
~ Initial Final ...
E °'5 ·-
form and size, history of material .
a;"' u. u
N
ksi
::i
c: !:! -g s. ! MN/m 2
.:?
::i
E ., ., E'" z stress, ?: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Sl Heat treatment c. ""'"
~"1:1 "t:I .!:?~ (!)
strain, stress, time, ·;:;
2l
"'
!!!
..
t: t: % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h "i
:;; "'
Cl I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
102 13 Soviet type 3Kh14G20F. 1022 29.0 21. 0 2000 "Typical" properties.
Soviet alloy El 729. 550 200. 145.
2100F(1150C ), quench;
Age 50 hat 1110 F ( 600C ). 1022 21. 8 16.0 2000
550 150. 110.
103 79 SoViet alloy El 388. 1112 21. 34 18. 16.5 600 Gage section 4 in. (100 mm) long
2100F(1150C), water quench; 600 147.1 124. 114. x 0. 3 in. (8 mm) diameter.
1290F(700C), 100 h. Residual stresses have been
scaled from a plot giving an avera1
curve for five tests.
104 13 Soviet type 4Kh12N8G8MFB. 1112 26.1 *19. 9 18.0 500 "Typical" properties.
Soviet alloy El 481. 600 180. 137. 124.
2100F(1150C ), quench;
1310F(710C), 5h; 1112 17.4 *13.9 10.0 9. 1 2000
1580 F( 860C ), 5 h. 600 120. 96. 69. 63.
*200 h.
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~
18/8 Type, Solution Annealed. Initial Stress 18. 7 to 2 5. 8 ksi I 129to178 MN/m 2 1 00
00
0
0
- ISO
20
-· 0
• a
0
I
0
.
.
0 0 0
'iii 0 a E
• -......
..lii
..,
.,; a
0
I
B
z
~
-
a 0
....., ..,
QI a .,;
I
D
::::>
"'O
15
• I a
a
a
a
0
0
I
0
- 100
-.....,
QI
D
'iii a ::::>
QI I "'O
DC: a 'iii
QI
a DC:
10
0
a• •
- so
a
a
5
0
•
o I h
a 100 h
a 0
a • 1000 h
0 400 eoo"C 0
I I I I I I
0 0
0 400 800 1200 1600
Temperature, °F
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18/8 Type , Solution Annealed
.E
>'3
>
......
.A
.A ~
"'...GI t'l
"'...GI
-a
"' 20 -a
"'
t'l
t"'
Ul
:::>
:::> ""O
""O
'in
CD
- 100
·u;
CD
a.::
ci::
0 l h
a 100 h
• 1000 h
0 20 40 0 20 40
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18/8 Type, Solution Annealed
..E
-100 - 100 'z
~
• .n
. -.
111'
-.
Ill • • Ill
Cll
• •
Cll
•
I ll
I
0
• I ll
10 0 10
I
a
.,,·;;;
::> • ••
•
Cll
Di: •
- 50 0
0
I
- 50
• •I
0
I
• i
·-· Strain,%
•6 •
0
0 0.2
• e
• 0.4 to 0.5
0
500
I I
100°c
I I I 900
I
0 0
500
I I
1oo•c
I I I
900
I 0
800 1200 1600 800 1200 1600
Temperature, °F Temperature, °F
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Initial Stress,ksi
18/8 Type, Cold worked •SS ta60 100 Hours
o2S to 3S
8 10 11
60
so
•
• •
•
. •
>
c::
C/l
..,i
• I:':!
~
- •
- - 300 . E
-
(")
C/l
"iii
,.lji
in
40 40 40
'-
z
~ -
..,i
>
zt"'
-.
111' I:':!
"'GI
-.
"'GI C/l
C/l
~
"'
0
"'
c
30
0 0
0 0
0
- 200
0 0
0
- 200
0 0
- 200
c
I:':!
I:':!
t"'
:::> 0 0 0
:::> C/l
"'C "'C
"iii "iii
Q) Q)
a:: 20 20 20 a::
I
- - - 100
10
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18/8- Nb Type O. 20/o Strain or <0.150/o> o Annealed bar
a Low-ferrite weld metal
* 11 O/o ferrite weld metal
25
8*
-a
I
I a "i
I
1000
(o)
1 Hour a 10 Hours 100 Hours
- 150
I
(o) -150 -150
Hours
- 150
*
20 20 a 20 "*
aa
a
20
...
I E
'iii
(o) '-
~
z
a
* ~
.n * 111'
"'GI...
-
0
- 100 "'GI...
(o)
"'
a
:I
15
0
a
*
0
"*
-
0
~
*
-
-"'
a
-a :I
'iii
GI 10
a
10
I
0 10 10 0
-a
'iii
ll
t GI
ai::
0
- 50
' - 50 - 50
* - 50
ai::
5 0
a-
I
0 . 0
0
*
0
0
700°C
I I
900
I I
0 .
700 800
I
0 .
700 800°C
0
700°C
I
0
1200 1600 1200 1600 1200 1600 1200 1400
Temperature, °F
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AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS 393
94 93 100
96 99
95 97
98
93
101 90 101 90 92
91 101 90
101 90
40
- ..'E
00
30 I ll
·;;;
I 200
.:ii.
ll
I z
ll
~
....n • I
ll
....n
-...
GI
...
0
20
00
ll
.I
0
-
-...
GI
...
.,,·;;;
:;) 0
.,,·;;;
:;)
QI
00
- 100
cii:: QI
ll cii::
10
00
~~o
700"C
II
800 i
0 0
1000 1200 1400
Temperature, °F
0 Hot roll + Stress relieve
n Hot-cold work+ Stress relieve
• Solution treat + Age.
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High-Iron Superalloys
The largest mass of data is for A-286, mostly following an 1800 deg. F (980 C) solution treatment plus
aging at 1325 or 1350 deg. F. Data for Material No. 6 and 10 with 1650 deg. F (900C) solution treatment are
presented only in the tables.
Four tests [1000 F/70. 5 ksi; 1200 F/74. 7 ksi; 1350 F/ 54. 8 and 34. 4 ksi] reported by Data Source Q
(Material No. 13) appear to exactly duplicate results submitted by Data Source L (Material No. 5 and 14),
suggesting that these may actually be for the same tests performed under a joint effort. The possible dupli-
cation has not been removed from the tabulation, but only one set of points is shown on the graphical pre-
sentation.
Coded symbols on plots (pages 412 and 413) for 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1350 deg. F (538, 593, 649, and
732 deg C) show residual stresses at 10, 100, and 1000 hours of relaxation time versus the initial stress
level. Results for A-286 strip ( Materials 15-20) did not lend themselved to this graphical treatment.
At the 1100 and 1150 deg. F (593 and 621 deg. C) test temperatures and the rather low initial stress
levels of reported tests on W 545, little change in stress with time was observed. Typically, a small initial
stress decrease was followed by a later stress increase, giving a 1000-h stress higher than that at the start
of the test in several instances. Such negative relaxation presumably reflects a contraction associated with
continuing aging reactions during the test. One test after 20, 000 h of service ( Material No. 40) displayed
the more-usual behavior of steady decline of stress with relaxation time.
For Discaloy, a plot of residual stress at 1000, 1200, and 1350 deg.Fas a function of initial stress
(page 414) shows mostly results for 100-h relaxation time, plus isolated points for 10 hand 1000 h. One test
at 1130 deg. F ( Material No. 3) is not plotted.
The single set of 1600 deg. F data for U-212 bolts with A-286 nut is given only in tabular form.
Data for the German X 5 Ni Cr Ti 26 15 alloy were too sparse to be plotted. One 50-h test at 1022 deg. F
(550 deg. C ) showed "negative" relaxation.
395
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Discaloy
U-212
...
~
E
::i
r::.
.,
:;"
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!.
a~ -=·...
.... _
iii N
!. ... u ~ ·- E ~·-NE
]
~ N
0 .. _ >._ E
-
..,.0
~
r::."
*!!ra Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Egg .,-" z ·--" z ~~z
0"'
0
~ Si B -o -o ~ :e ~ :::!! ~ :::!! 'ir::.
!!! ~ r::. -c.,
s I-.,
t: Cl.
:e"' "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Nb+Ta Ti Al p ~ ~
a. w
0
er
2 62
Co
3 u 0.05 0.82 0.90 13.4 25. 3 2. 77 1. 52 0.91 Room 141. 105. 20. 25. Hardness: BHN 248-255.
972. 724.
B
4 x 0.087 0.05 0.038 16.10 25.24 0.066 0.44 3.98 0. 038 o. 003 0.005 Room 213.6 145.
1473. 1000.
1200 167.1 148.4
649 1152. 1023.
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] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!.
aE
.
..2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
2u
E .,
8. u.. u ~·~NE .:
::J form and size, history of material. ksi
c ~
MN/m 2
E "'"' uEioQ 2 ~
.. -
::J stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ SI Heat treatment B~-!! CJ strain, stress, ·;:;
.. ..
J!l
:E
J!!
0
..
.,
~
I-
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2 h
1 10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
1 L Discaloy bar. 1000 49,4 45. 8 44.6 41. 7 6 in. (150 mm) gage length.
62 1750 F (955C)to1900 F (1040 C) in lh 538 340.6 315.8 307.5 287.5 Automatic relaxation tester.
1250 F (675 C) to 1400 F (760 C) in 5 h; 1200 75. 1 38. 8 26.9
Cool to 1200 F ( 650 C ), hold 20 h; 649 517.8 267.5 185. 5
Air cool.
1350 34.6 15. 3 6.0 50
732 238.6 105.5 41.
4 x U-212 bolt, with A-286 nut; 1/4 in. - 1600 109. 34.9 34.8 50 Data are average results for 3
28 threads. Silver plated/ AMS 2410. 871 751. 5 240.6 239. 4 tests.
Hot forge 12-point head; Bolt test in a cylinder.
1850 F ( 1010 C ), 2 h, water quench;
1425 F ( 775 C ), 2 h, air cool;
1250 F ( 675 C ), 16 h, al.r cool;
Roll threads.
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A-286
e· -s· ... a.:
.8E .,
::i
c: ~
Chemical composition, % by wt.
aE
1!l_ "-U ~ ·- E ....
"'ai N
:!~
_·--" z
~·-NE
~ N
-
~
~
ca·
e Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0 .. _ >._ E c:·
::i
E g' ~ ., .... z ~~z
0"'
c;; 0
·;: &l ! ·;:;
:E ~
....,.
"C "C
~ :E ~ :E
l!l l9 .,c: c. "'"'c:0 .,
,;
"' a"'
:E c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Ti Al p s I-
I-
...e w a:
5 L 0. 06 1. 38 0.70 14. 71 26.08 1. 22 0.15 1. 92 0. 16 0.017 0.014 Hardness: RC 27.
62
6 s 0.01 0.05 0.11 15.05 25.1 1. 27 0.47 1. 99 0. 1 0. 006 0.005 1200 40.
649 276.
7 s 0.01 0.05 0.11 15.05 25. 1 1. 27 0.47 1. 99 0. 1 0.006 0.005 1200 55.
649 379.
8 u 0.02 1. 21 0.89 14.78 26.32 1. 28 0.33 1. 99 0.21 Room 152. 86. 40. 26. Creep-rupture strengths, ~~/m 2 :
1048 593.
100 h 1000 h
1200 106. 82. 14. 12. -- 89.
649 730.8 565.
llOOOF
538C 614.
1350F 34. 21. 3
9 u 0.025 1. 21 0.86 15. 12 126.16 1. 32 0.33 1. 94 0.40 0.016 0.017 Room 158. 96. 25. 37. 732C 234. 147.
1089. 662.
Room 154. 60. *80. 25. 30.
1062. 414. 552.
1200 110. 60. *71. 8. 10.
649 758. 414. 489.5
10 u 0. 037 1. 30 0. 86 14.57 125.51 1. 39 0.30 1. 83 0. 31 0.016 0. 035 Room 150. *75. 18. 25.
1034. 517.
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iiE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
i!
..
.=· Initial
Residual stress,
Final s"
:J
c "'~ form and size, history of material. "'mu.u -g::::J ·s.- ~
N
ksi ~
MN/m 2 ~
;;; :J
c. "' "' E~z
§-!!-@! strain, stress, stress. time, ·c::;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: ~ Heat treatment ·~ r- C!J
l!l l!! ~
la % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·-=
.!!!
"'
:!: c"' "'"'
I- ijj MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
6 s A-286 bar stock. 1200 22.5 0.281 60.0 55. 51. 42. 22. 22. 1 1000 Manual unloading, with stress
1650 F ( 900 C ), 1 h, oil quench; 649 155.1 413.7 379. 352. 290. 152. 152. 4 decrements of approx. 2 ksi
1350F(730C), age. (13. 8 MN/m2 ).
7 s A- 286 bar stock. 1200 22.5 0.403 80.0 64. 55, 46. 24. 22. 1100 Manual unloading, with stress
1800 F ( 980 C ), 1 h, oil quench; 649 155. 1 551. 6 441. 379. 317. 165.5 152. decrements of approx. 2 ksi
1350F(730C), 16 h. (13.8 MN/m 2 ).
1200 0.269 60,0 58. 54. 46.5 28. 26.5 1300
649 413.7 400. 372. 321. 193. 183.
8 u A-286 1200 22. 0.2 41. 0 38. 32. (18. 6) 26.0 2800 Robinson flow-rate test.
1.38x2.88in.(35x73 mm). 649 151. 7 282.7 262. 221. (128.) 179.
1800 F( 980 C ), 1 h, oil quench;
1325 F ( 720 C ), 16 h, air cool.
9 u A-286 1200 23. 1 0.2 42.0 38. 32. (18. 6) 26.0 2820 Robinson flow-rate test.
0. 88 in. (22 mm) diameter. 649 159. 3 289.6 262. 221. (128.) 179.
1800 F ( 980 C ), 1 h, water quench;
1325 F( 720 C ), 16 h, air cool.
10 u A-286 1200 20.8 0.2 41. 0 32. 23. (15. 5) 19.0 3200 Robinson flow-rate test.
2. 31 in. (58. 7 mm) diameter. 649 143.4 282.7 221. 159. (107.) 131.
1650 F ( 900 C ), 2 h, oil quench;
1400 F( 760 C ), air cool;
1325 F( 720 C ), 6 h, air cool.
Automatic relaxation tester.
11 v A-286; AMS 5735. 1200 70.0 67. 51. 5 45.0 50
1800 F( 980 C ), solution treat; 649 482.6 462. 355. 310.
1325 F(720C ), 16 h.
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A-286
e -s· Cl ol>o
.8E .,
::J
~
Chemical composition,% by wt.
;:!
~
.... _
°'iii
!. u. u ::; ·-
N
u3
E ~--NE
en N -
q-
c:
::J
E i' ~ .,..: z ~-c;! c:' ~
0"'
;;; cR~Z a<..:z
0
·;:
~
£
..."'
~ "'C "'C
'ii
c:
:ii! g :ii! ~ :ii! "i -.;.,
:ii! Cl c Cr v Ti Al p s .,
t:
~"' 0
c:
0
Mn Si Ni Mo ~ w a:
12 62 0.046 1. 57 0.66 14.47 24.91 1. 27 0.23 1. 78 0.4 0.015 0.005 Room 149.8 100. 5 25. 41. Hardness: BHN 250-270.
1033. 693. Grain size 6 (5).
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~
.."· Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
~
"
c ~ !. u. u
MN/m 2
Eo0 z i!" Relaxation-test procedure and comments
"'ii
·;::: "li Heat treatment $E ~ -8 •t;u ~ C) strain,
"'"' stress, stress, time, ·;:;
$
.. .
:!';
J!!
Cl
t:
Q)
f-
..
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
•t;
w
12 62 A-286 bar. 1000 75.0 57.9 Automatic relaxation tester.
1800F(980C), 1 h, oil quench; 538 517.1 399.
1325F(720C), 16 h, air cool.
1000 50.0 45.3 45. 4
538 344.7 312. 313.
1200 70.0 42.0 34.9 26.0
649 482.6 290. 241. 179.
1200 45. 1 34.8 29.2
649 311. 0 240. 201.
1350 55.1 23.8 10.8
732 379. 9 114. 74. 5
1350 35.1 18.0 9.8
732 242.0 124. 67.6
1350 35.1 21. 4 10.3
732 242.0 147.5 71.
1350 35.1 21. 0 9. 1
732 242.0 145. 62.7
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A-286
.8E .,
:J
c u
:;
Chemical composition, % by wt.
-""'
0
?f?,
c·
?f?,
.,·
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0"'
0
-.;
·;:: ~ ·~
l!! ~ "'c0 .,
.,;
"'
:::;; 0"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Ti Al B s w a:
13 Q
16 Q 0. 041 1.19 o. 76 15. 04 ~5.62 1. 07 0. 30 2.12 0.18 o. 004 Room 205. 1 192. 3 7.5 Elastic modulus at room temperature:
1414. 1326. 29. 7 x 10 6 psi (204. 8 GN/m 2 ).
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.8E !£ "' Residual stress, ~
a s
:J
c:
..
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. "'<Gu..u ]
:J
:; ·- N
~ E
Initial
ksi
MN/m 2
Final
.:;"
Em Z
s~ "'tig> "'tig>
:J ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Si .:1~(!) strain,
stress, time, ·;:;
Heat treatment
•
~
"'
::!:
*
Cl
.
t:
~
t:
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
h
·~
~
w
14 L A-286, forged. 1200 74.65 54.0 42.7 300 Automatic relaxation tester.
62 7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter. 649 514.7 372. 294.
1800 F ( 980 C ), 1 h, oil quench;
1325 F ( 720 C ), 16 h, air cool.
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A-286
...
.8E e·
a
"'i!l. LL
.s:."
b.
;
-5
N
] -*""'
Cl
*
~~
E:: ....
" "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. ~
~ ·- E
~ ·- E
u) "' Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
., .... z ·- ... z >.c;;!
c U 0 .. _ c·
~ "~ e...,..., *~z
0
·~
"'
0
:;; ::!: ::!: ~ ::!:
tJ ~
"' c v s .,
t:
~
c c.
e "'0c .,
-ci
::!: Cl Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Ti Al p .... "- w a:
18 Q 0. 053 1. 19 0.67 14.61 26.09 1. 36 0.25 2.02 o. 25 Room 180.9 107.8 150.5 15. Elastic modulus at room temperature:
1247. 743. 1038. 29. 2 x 10 6 psi (201. 3 GN/m 2 ).
600 160. 5 103.3 139. 6 9.
316 1107. 712. 962.5
800 154.7 92.9 137.5 8.5
427 1067. 640.5 948.
1000 139. 1 83.1 127.6 8.
538 959. 1 573. 880.
20 Q 0.053 1. 19 0.67 14.61 26.09 1. 36 0. 25 2.02 0. 25 Room 185.7 133.4 148.8 4.5
1280. 920. 1026.
600 153. 4 115. 5 149.5 2.
316 1058. 796. 1031.
800 149.8 120.3 148. 2.
427 1033. 829. 1020.
1000 137. 1 91. 9 136.5 2.
538 945.3 634. 941.
21 x
22 x
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] ~- ..· Residual stress, ~
E
::i
c:
.,
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. E
8.
=
-g
•-
u.. (.)
::i
~!
N
Initial
ksi
Final ~
.!!
z strain, MN/m 2 ~
E "'"' uEm CJ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
::i stress,
ii
·.: Sl Heat treatment J!!~~
-~
:= stress, time, ·;;
-~
J!! ksi 5 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
*
t; % "'
"'
:::!; 0
Ql
I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
18 Q A-286 strip. 600 25.5 )-120 •4, 8 96
1800 F( 980C ), O. 5 h, air cool; 316 175.8 )-827. I
Cold roll 10%;
800 26. )-120 "'9. 5 96
1250F(675C), 16 h, air cool.
427 179.3 D-827. It
1000 24. D-80 26.1 96
538 165.5 )-551. )
21 x AMS 5735; A-286 1200 70.0 58.5 52.4 46.8 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
5/16-24 bolt to MS9035 configuration . 649 482.6 403 . 361. 323.
1800 F ( 980 C ), solution treat;
1325F(720C), 16 h. 1200 70.0 50.4 49.5 48.2 50
649 482.6 347.5 341. 332.
22 x AMS 5735; A-286. 1200 70.0 57.7 55. 1 48.2 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
Same heat as above; 5/16-24 bolt to 649 482.6 398. 380. 3~2.
NAS 625 configuration.
1800 F ( 980 C ), solution treat; 1200 70.0 55.0 54. 5 52.2 50
1325F(720C), 16 h. 649 482.6 379. 376. 360.
1200 70.0 56.0 55. 1 50.0 50
649 482.6 386, 380. 345.
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A-286
e· ... 0
~ ~ ] <t
E ..:; ..
~
""
c: *.e·
·- E *c:"
cJi
..
G> N N
~-u;! ~·-NE
::J u Chemical composition, % by wt. ~LL Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c:
e~:
(.J
0 ....... >
~~z
0
~ 5l .! "a "a ~.. ""z ·- ""z
::!: '§ ·~ 0
~
. .. c:
.. c.
::!: ci ::!:
""c:0 .
,;
::!:
23
*
0
x
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s
t:
I-
I-
a..
e Ui a:
24 x
25 x
26 x
27 x
28 x
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.; ...
.8E
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a"' -=
:::I·- N
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final
§
u
~
:l
c: ~ Giu..u "g S. E
:l
~ 2' ~ E~ Z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment .!! 'C 'C ·~ - (!) strain,
stress, stress, time,
:§
l!!
"'
::!!
!!!
"'
Cl
.,. IS
jjj
% ksi 5
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h :;;
"'
jjj
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
23 x AMS 5735; A-286. 1200 70.0 56.5 53.7 44. 1 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
Same heat as Material No. 21. 649 482.6 389.5 370. 304.
5/16 in. -24 studs. 1200 70.0 55. 1 51. 0 44. 1 50
1800 F ( 980 C ) , solution treat;
649 482.6 380. 352. 304.
1325F(720C), 16 h.
1200 70.0 54.3 50.8 45.6 50
649 482.6 374. 350. 314.
24 x AMS 5735; A-286. 1200 70.0 57.2 51. 2 45.0 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
0. 142 in. (3. 6 mm) diameter speci- 649 482.6 394. 353. 310.
mens machined from 5/16-24 studs.
1800 F ( 980 C ), solution treat;
1325F(720C), 16 h.
25 x A-286 bolt to MS 9034 configuration, 1200 49.6 18.7 17.1 Relaxation cylinder, 1. 625 in. (41.:
with A-286 nut. 649 342.0 129. 118. mm) long x 1. 062 in. (27 mm) 0. D.
made of A-286 heat treated to the
1200 31. 7 20.7 18.2 same hardness as the bolt.
649 218.6 143. 125.5
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A-286
W545
2!. Cl >l>-
-
~
0"'
0
·;: 5l !?"'C i:s "'""" z
·- .><z ~~z ·;:::
~ ::!: ~
"'"'c
~ ::!: d ::!:
"'
::!:
fl
"'
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ~
~ c
i'!-
a.
!! 0 .,
-c:i
a:
a.. w
29 x
30 x
31 x
32 x
33 y
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f.
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, aI! ;
Initial
Residual stress,
B
~
I-
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .,
·~
w
29 x A-286. 1200 a70.0 55.8 52.9 100 Automatic relaxation tester.
5/16 in. bolt, MS 9035-19 configur- 649 482.6 385. 365. Data have been scaled from a plot.
ation.
HiR thread form, per AMS 7478. 1200 *70.0 45.5 34. 100
649 482.6 314. 234.
30 x A-286.
1/2 in. MS 9038-31 bolts.
55% thread form: 1200 69. 55.8 52. 60 Automatic relaxation tester.
649 475.8 385. 358.5 Data have been scaled from a plot.
31 x AMS 5735; A-286. 1200 70.0 46. 45.4 50 Automatic relaxation tester.
1/2-20 bolts, MS 9038-31 configur- 649 482.6 317. 313. Data have been scaled from a plot.
a ti on.
Fabricated to AMS 7478. 1200 70.0 42.8 42.2 50
649 482.6 295. 291.
33 y ASTM A453, Grade 655; "W545" 1100 19.9 15. 9 14.3 15.9 16.0 3769
2 in. (50mm) diameter. 593 137.2 109.6 98.6 109. 6 110.3
Solution treat;
Multiple age.
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W545
e· ..- 0
"'...."
.8E a~
.... _
~-
ai"'
] -
'd'
* *.f!!.-
0
..
N .,; N
:::J
c: "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. u.. u ~ ·- E ~·-NE >._ E r£ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c;; :::J
51 e:: 0 .,_
"'"" :!:
z *"'-
·- ""z N-"2
0
·~ 0
·;: $ "O "O :;; ~Q. :!: d :!:
~
:!:
..
l!!
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Ti Co B p s ii
I-
c:
"'
I- !:!
Q.
"'c:0
w
-c:i
a:"'
34 y 0.025 1. 89 0.69 13.4 26.4 1. 85 2.95 0.25 0.064 <O. 04 <O. 03 Room 159. 100. 18. 31. Hardness: RC 33-35.
1096. 689.5
Cu Al Room 156. 100. 19. 22.
0.06 0.08 1076. 689.5
36 y 0.023 0.48 0.29 13.6 25.7 1. 82 2.99 o. 030 l<O. 03 <0.03 Room 183. 149. 17. 32.
Cu Al 1262. 1027.
<O. 03 o. 15
37 y
38 y 0.032 1. 93 0.78 13.5 26.5 2.08 3.11 0.15 o. 052 r::o. 04 <O. 03
Cu
0.05
39 y
41 29 0.07 1. 31 1. 12 14.65 125. 70 1. 30 1. 60 0.089 0.020 0.013 Room 132.3 85.6 *29. 51.
912. 590.
v Al
0.42 0.27 1022 98.6
550 680.
42 29 0.045 1. 30 0.56 14.3 27.1 1. 35 1. 92 0.007 0.005 Room 143.3 98.2 *26. 50.
988. 677.
v Al
0.37 0. 16 1112 95.7
600 660.
*%/5D.
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~
e· .. Residual stress, ~
E
"'
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a
~
8. LL.
="' ·-N
-o S. E
Initial
ksi
Final B
.:?"
c
;;;
·;:
~
5l"' Heat treatment
u
E i' :ii' ~ .. z
! 'C 'C u~ ~ strain,
stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. ..
l!l
~
!!!
c
.,
t:
I-
.
·u
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
•t;
w
34 y w 545. 1100 35.6 34.9 34.0 34.0 34.2 34.1 1217
1. 25 in. (32 mm) diameter. 593 245. 5 240.6 234.4 234.4 235.8 235. 1
2000F(1095 C ), 3 h, water quench;
Multiple age.
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A-286
60
1000°f (538°C)
/' • 400
60
1100 °f ( 593 °C)
/ • 400
.
/:
E
"z
·;;;
.JI. ~
-
.,,'
A
.,,'
-..."'QI 40
-"'CD...
"'
0
:::>
"'O
·;;;
CD
Di:
/ - 200 - 200
"'
0
:::>
"'O
·;;;
CD
Di:
20
• -
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Material numbers corresponding to points below
13 7 7 5
1313 30 5
7 12
8 9 32 7 12 12
13 13 32 30 5
7
5
13 13 12 12
7 12
8 9
12
12 5
12
25 13 25 12
25 25
400
. E
.......
z
~
111'
-.
Ill
CD
• 200 200 Ill
I 0
,,·;;;
:::>
20 ° CD
Qi:
• 0
' •
0 10 h
• 100 h
!:. 1000 h
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Discaloy ..E -
"'"
"'"
Material numbers corresponding to points below "z
~
2 2 2 2 vi
3
-...
2 Ill
1 2 Cll
3 1 2
1 1 ()
Ill
70 0
a::
0
/
0 'ti
1000°f (538°C)/ 1200°F (649°C) 1350°F (732°C) :::> p
-a >
"iii >-l
60
100 Hours / 100 Hours 100 Hours Cll
a.:: 0
z
/
0
/ /
400 400 400 >rj
rn
>-l
::0
t":1
rn
so rnI
/ /
::0
1/0 0 t":1
0 - - 300
t"'
>
Ill
..lii •1000 h ~
40 40 40 >-l
......
vi
I/
0 0
- /
Ill
...
Cll z
I ll ~
>-l
0 >
v
:::> 30 >rj
-a 200 200 200 0
"iii 0 ::0
Cll t":1
a.:: 0 00 az
20 20 20 t":1
t":1
2:l
0 .. 10 h 100 a
>
t"'
10 t"'
0
• 1000 h ...::
rn
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Iron- Base Superalloys with Cobalt
Data for all of the following materials are presented only in tabular form:
Material No.
GlBB 1
N-153 2
N-153 + B 3
N-155, Including modifications 4-15
415
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G18B
N-153
N-155
c·
*.,·
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0 "'
'ic 0
-c.,
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo W Co Nb N B w
0
cc
1 83 •ro. 04 o. 8 i. o 13. 13. 2. 2. 5 10. 3.]
01 ksi
2 G 0.24 1.32 0.4315.95 15.8 3.252.05 13.72 1.05 0.11 Stress for 0. 0000110/h creep rate, MN/ .2
1200F 14. 7 m
649 c 101.
1400F 1. 7
760C 11. 7
3 w *0.077 1. 5 0. 4 16. 15. 3. 2. 13. 1. 0. 10 0.012 80 137. 9a 116. 23. 46.
27 944.6 676. 800.
1350 78. 60. 75. 25. 59.
732 537.8 414. 517.
1500 60. 43. 55. 29. 67.
816 413.7 296.5 379.
5 c 0. 06 20. 20. 3. 2. 20. 1. 0. 15 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 1500 F
(816C ): 4. 0 ksi (27. 6 MN/m2).
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.8E e .. Residual stress, ~
su
"
i:
..!::! Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
ll
~
8. .... (.J
..:!
-S0 ·u;
Cl.._
"'e
Initial
ksi
Final
:?
MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
::I
E i' lir E'" (!)
2 strain,
(, ) := stress,
~ si Heat treatment !? i:I "C
stress, time, ·cr
·~
ca
:E
!!!
a
ca ..
~
I-
-~
ca
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
•t;
ca
w
1 83 G18B 1112 0.3 43.2 39. 8
Warm worked. 600 298. 274.5
3 w N-153 + B 1350 17. 30.15 26.5 24. 18.5 10. 5 ( 8. 5) 2400 strain corresponded to an initial
150 lb. (70 kg) induction heat; 732 117. 2 207.9 183. 165.5 127.5 72. (59. ) stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m2)
Cast into 4x4x18 in. (100x100x460 at room temperature.
1350 30.15 27. 23. 17.5 9.5 ( 7. 6) 1040
mm) ingots; Forged to 2.75 in.
732 207.9 186. 158.5 121. 65. 5 (52. )
(70 mm) squares between 2100 and
1900 F(1150 and 1040C ); Cogged to 1500 16. 28.0 20.5 14. 7.0 5. 0 ( 4. 5) 3500
1. 7 5 in. (45 mm) squares; Rolled to 816 110.3 193. 0 141. 96.5 48. 34.5 (31. )
1 in. (25 mm) rounds.
2100F(1150C), 1 h, air cool;
Reheat to 1500 F ( 815 C ) ; Roll to
7/8 in. (22 mm) rounds, working in
the range from 1400 to 1200 F( 760
to 650 C ); Some straightening passei
taken as low as 900 F ( 480 C ) ;
1500F(815C), 2 h.
4 w N-155 1350 17. 30.15 22.2 17.0 11. 3 8. 1 ( 6. 0) strain corresponded to an initial
Melting and processing to 1-in. 732 117. 2 207. 9 153. 117. 78. 56. (41. ) stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m2)
round as for Material No. 3; at room temperature.
1350 30.15 23.1 16.7 10. 5 7.2 ( 6.0)
2100F(1150C ), lh., air cool;
732 207.9 159. 115. 72. 50. (41. )
Reheat to 1500 F ( 815 C ); Roll to
7/8 in. (22 mm) rounds between 1500 28.0 14.8 8. 1 5. 0 ( 4. 0)
1400 and 1200 F ( 760 and 650 C ) ; 816 193. 0 102. 56. 34.5 (27. 5)
Some straightening passes taken as
low as 900 F ( 480C ).
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N-155
.8E
::l
.
~
Chemical composition,% by wt.
i
a. i
5i""
8. ~ u ~.... _
N
cli
E ~-;;;1
~
vj N
-*
0
~
*..·:!:!
. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
i' .,_,. z cf?.-"Z >.-!
c: ·- c:·
::l 0
E g'
~
~
.
5l
:;;
s
..
t:
"C
.
'ti :;;;
c:
:ii;
~
~~z
:ii; ci :ii;
-~
""0c:
0
.
-c:i
:ii; 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Co Nb N B I- I- 0 w a: (')
0
6 F 0.11 1.33 0.47 20.16 18.86 3.20 0.79 22.44 1. 19 0.16 Room 151. 0 132. 23. 41. Hardness: VPN 366. s:::
910. >tj
1041. ......
t"'
Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 1500 F >
7 c 0. 15 1. 46 0,42 20,84 20.58 3. 18 2.56 W.48 1. 06 i-:J
......
(816 C ); 4. 0 ksi (27. 6 MN/m2 ). 0
z
8 J 0. 15 1. 54 0.50 21. 42 19.69 3.16 2.15 20.44 0.86 0.05 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1200 F 0
>rj
(649C ): 5. 6 ksi (38. 6 MN/m2 ).
~
9 Q *[0.15 1. 5 0. 5 21. 20. 3. 2. 5 20. 1.J 70 119. 58. 40. 48. Rupture and creep strengths at 1500 F (816 t; ): :ll
t"l
21 820. 5 400. Cll
100 h 1000 h 0. 0001%/h: o. 00001%/t C(J
1200 80. 43. 32. 43. 18. 13. 7. 9. ksi :ll
t"l
649 551. 6 296.5 124. 90. 48. 62. MN/m. t"'
>
~
10 N 0.34 0.74 0.62 20. 15 21.32 2.99 2.0 20.11 1. 0 o. 17 Room 121. 41. 46. Hardness: BHN 200. i-:J
......
834. Grain size 5 to 6. 0
z
§;
11 N 0.34 0.74 0.62 20.15 21.32 2.99 2.0 20.11 1. 0 o. 17 Room 121. 57. 1 41. 45.9 i-:J
>
834. 394.
6:ll
12 w *0.085 1. 5 0.4 20. 20. 3. 2. 20. 1. 0. 12 0.013 80 150. 106. 125. 23. 39. t"l
27 1034. 731. 862. a
......
1350 85.2 69. 80. 26. 55. ~
732 587. 5 476. 552. t"l
a
1500
816
65.
448.
44.
303.
59.
407.
27. 65.
a>
t"'
t"'
0
><
Cll
I I
•Nominal composition. *All but C and B by addition.
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e·
!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
~-
::J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
~
form and size, history of material, I! -; ·- N
ksi
::J
c: "'~ !. ... (.J '8 S...§. .:!
ii ::J
E .g
"'"'
e .. z stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: 5l Heat treatment B .g u ~ ~ strain, ·;:;
l!!
"'
l!
"'
t: "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
"'
::!; 0 "'
I- iii MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 iii
12 w N-155 + B 1350 17. 30.15 26.5 23.l 16.5 10.5 ( 9. O) strain corresponded to an initial
Melting, processing, and heat 732 117. 2 207.9 183. 159. 114. 72. (62. ) stress of 50 ksi (344. 7 MN/m2 )
treatment as for Material No. 3 at room temperature.
1350 30. 15 26.8 23.4 18.1 (11. 0)
732 207.9 185. 161. 125. (76. )
1500 16.5 28.0 20.5 14.0 9.6 8. 5 ( 8. 4)
816 113. 8 193. 0 141. 96.5 66. 59. (58. )
-9-500 h.
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Modified N-155
...
.8E .,
:J
c:: l:!
Chemical composition, % by wt.
!
a~
8. LL. u
~-
~ ·- E
]
.... _~·-NE > ·-
:ii"' N
0 .. _
clj N
E
-
0
'<I'
*-
c0
*-.;
~
.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:J
E g' ~ ...... z ·- ""z ~~z
~ SI ~ "Cl "Cl :;; :::!: ~ :::!: 0 :::!: 'ic:: 0
~ ~
ii
c:: c. -c.,
....e
CD
:::!: "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Co Nb N Ta I- I-
w
0
a:
13 N 0.25 1. 5 0.5 20.0 20.0 3.0 2.2 21. 0 2.0 stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 1500 F
(816 C): 7. 3 ksi (50. 3 MN/m2 ).
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~
~- ..· Residual stress, -
E
:J . Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..!_u..u "8 a_ E
~ .2
:::J ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
g
u
~
c:
c;;
!:!
:J Em z
"'"' (,)~CJ strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·u
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
51 Heat treatment lYE ~-!!
·;:
.. ..
lY
::?:;
!'!
Cl
.
~
...."'
'i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
13 N N-155 + 2% Ta 1500 20.3 13.55 4.7 3.9 ( 3. 6) 1679
2260 F ( 1240 C ), 1/2 h, water quench 816 140.0 93.4 32.4 26.9 (24. 8)
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Cobalt-Base Superalloys
Results for S-816 alloy cover differing solution temperatures and aging practices, presence versus
absence of intermediate "hot-cold" working, and momentary prestraining at test temperature before the
start of the relaxation period. No satisfactory graphical presentation was found for the resulting complex
pattern of relaxation behavior.
Because data for the remaining materials were generally limited to a single test at each temperature,
little was seen to be gained by presenting them other than in tabular form.
423
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S-816
i .;;·
-*
Cl
~
.8E ] ~
i!
l! !ii""
.... _ ~ ..-
'if-
:J
c:
iij
"'~:J
SI
Chemical composition, % by wt.
E .g
~
N
!. "- tJ ~ ·- E ~·-NE
.g ~.,.,. ::!:
""""
0 .. _
z ·- ""'z ~~z
>._ E
N
c:'
0 .
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;:
"'
1ii .
!!! ,. c:
~
c.
::!: ci ::!: "i
c:
"ii
-0
::!: Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Co Nb Ta Fe "'
I-
i! e
0..
0
w a:"'
()
1 K 0.38 1. 22 0.49 20.04 19.43 3.98 3. 93 43.32 2.89 0.85 3.44 1350 83. 5 36. 47.5 39. 34. Grain size 6 to 9. 0
Rupture strengths at 1350 F ( 732 C ), ksi
-
113 732 575.7 248. 327.5 ~
MN/m 2 'd
10 h 100 h t""'
50.0
345.
--
38.
262. -
>
>-3
0
z
0
'Tl
Ul
>-3
:::0
t'l
Ul
Ul
I
:::0
t'l
t""'
>
~
-
>-3
0
z
~
>-3
>
'Tl
0
:::0
t'l
-a
~
t'l
2 K 0.38 1. 22 0.49 20.04 19.43 3.98 3.93 43. 32 2.89 0.85 3.44 i::!
z
0
>
t""'
t""'
0
><!
Ul
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~ e ... Residual stress,
.9
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a\? -= ·en NE
-6
Initial Final
" "':;"
c
form and size, history of material.
8. u. (J 0 0. ._
ksi ~"
e., z
E "' co "c:> MN/m 2 stress, z: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ 5! Heat treatment $ -8-! ·~,.... CJ strain, stress, time, ·c:;
$
"'
:iE
..
!
a
w
"'
I-
..
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
w
1 K S-816 1350 23. 0.9 53. 5 16.5 9.4 4.6 ( 1. 6) 230
113 3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter annealed 732 159. 368. 9 114. 65. 32. (11. )
bar. 1350 0.6 50.0 (23. 9) 0.7
2150 F ( 1175 C ), 1 h, water quench; 732
344.7 (165.)
1400 F ( 760 C ), 12 h, air cool.
1350 0.2 40.0 24.6 13.7 8.3 ( 5. 0) 550
732 275.8 170. 94.5 57. (34. 5)
1350 0.2 40.0 26.0 13.6 6.5 260
732 275.8 179. 94. 45.
1350 35.0 24.5 12.8 5.3 ( 1. 0) 235
732 241. 3 169. 88. 36. 5 ( 7. )
1350 30.0 22.7 13.2 6.5 105
732 206.8 156.5 91. 45.
1350 A 4, 0 41. 5 17.0 10.4 7.0
732 286.1 117. 72. 48.
1350 • 2. 65 30.7 16.5 11. 4 7.0
732 211. 7 114. 79. 48.
1350 • 9. 2 37.5 24.6 18.5 13.8 170
732 258. 6 170. 127.5 95 .
1350 • 6. 0 37.5 23.0 15.9 12.1 ( 9. 2) 810
732 258.6 159. 110. 83. (63. )
1350 • 3. 15 37. 5 21. 3 13.2 8.5 ( 4. 6) 700
732 258.6 147. 91. 59. (32. )
1350 A 1. 35 37. 5 22.1 13.4 9.3 330
732 258.6 152. 92. 64.
1350 37. 5 24.3 12.4 6.7 ( 2. 9) 780
732 258. 6 167.5 85. 5 46. (20. )
*Prestrained at 1350 F ( 732 C) by momentary overload to the total strain indicated, then immediately
unloaded to the indicated initial stress.
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S-816
L- 605
X-40
..- c'II'
1iE
::I
c
..
~
Chemical composition,% by wt.
rt
i!
\!
!_LL U ....
iii
.s::.'
b.
~ _ >._ N
]
·- E ~·-NE
0 .. _
~ N
E
-* c·
~
~~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ *'"- 0"'
fti
:I
51 ~E "'°' ..... z ·- .... z
.g ~ N.><Z
0
-~
·;: :;;; ~ ~
~
"'
~
l3
"'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Co Nb B Fe ..
t;
I- ~
c c.
e
"-
0 ~
"'c0
iii
..
-ci
cc
3 N 0.37 0.50 0.16 20.06 20.09 3.74 4.2 42.6 3.42 3.72 Stress for 0. 00001%/h creep rate at 1500 F
(816 C) : 7 ksi (48. MN/m2 ).
4 c 0.36 0.72 0.19 18.4 20.23 3.72 4.23 45. 63 3.04 3.48 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate, ksi I 2
MN m
1350 F 1500 F 1500F
-732C
-- -816C
-- -816
-- c
12.3 4.8 6.1
84.8 33. 42.
5 54
Ti
6 N 0. 10 1. 41 0.53 20.56 9.67 16.4 Bal. k0.01 <O. 01 1. 17 Hardness: BHN 265.
Grain size 3 to 6.
7 F i. [19. 10. 15. 56.J Room 146. 55.2 68. 57. 50. Hardness: VPN 280.
1007. 381. 469.
9 c 0.48 0.64 0.72 25.12 9.69 7.23 55.23 0.55 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 1400 F
(760 C): 6. 0 ksi (41. 4 MN/m 2 ).
•Nominal composition.
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~- .. Residual stress,
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a~ .a Initial
ksi
Final
form and size, history of material. u '8 a.
:J ·- N
Q) u.. ~1---~--1
~ i' i' E ~ Z strain, 1---~--~M_N_lm_~-----l
2
stress, stress, time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Heat treatment
~""""·~.,.. ~(!] %
..
~
0
;;;
~ w
ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m2
h
7 F L-605, Hot rolled. 1100 25. 0.12 30.0 28. ( 28.) 672 6.1
1-1/16 in. (27 mm) diameter. 593 172. 206. 8 193. (193.)
8 X L-605, Cold reduced 30%. 1400 80. 3 32. 5 23. 7 13.9 50 Cylinder test.
Bolt, 1/4 in. -28 x 1. 562 in. (6. 35 760 553. 6 224. 163. 96.
mm dia. x 39. 7 mm).
2225F(1220C), l/2h, water quenct;
Cold extrude 30% (0. 320 to 0. 268 in.);
Forge 12-point head; Roll threads.
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422-19
6059
...
.8E
::i
c: "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!.
.a
t L1. (.J
-=·
iii"'
t; ·v;
N
]
.! ~0 ·-.. '_E
c4
>._ E
N
-*
0
<!'
r::?
*~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~
!l
::i
5! c. "' "' z ·--" z
!~~ ~"'-" :::!: 'g :::!: * .. -:::!: "i
N-"Z
c::)
0
0"'
:! c:
"' "' c Co .,
t:
~ e
c. c:
0
i::i
:::!: 0 Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p Fe I- a. w "'
a:
10 c 0.40 0. 51 24.75 15.92 6.08 Bal. 0.65 Stress for 0. 00001 %/h creep rate at 1400 F
(760C):7.0ksi (48 MN/m2).
12 N 0. 16 0.94 0.42 24.19 ~2.37 6.39 31. 29 Bal. Room 123.8 54.7 63. 61.6
853. 6 377.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
\!:!"
i!
.
.=!
Residual stress,
s
~
:::J
., form and si2e, history of material. "'~U..(.) :I·-
"g a_ E
('\I
Initial
ksi
Final
~"
c: l:?
MN/m 2
E ., .,
:::J Eco Z stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment """ u ~ (!) strain, stress, time, ·c:;
~
"'
:!!
!!!
c"'
.
!
.,
~
I-
'C 'C
·~
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ·=w"'
10 c 422-19, cast. 1400 16.8 0. 173 20.74 6.79 4.53
1350F(730C), 50 h. 760 115. 8 143. 0 46.8 31. 2
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Nickel-Base Superalloys
A variety of materials familiar in the United States, together with similar German DIN types and
Soviet types, are listed in alphanumeric order:
Plots of 100-h residual stresses for U.S. alloys tested at reasonably-comparative initial stresses
(P. 486 and 487) demonstrate that for most alloys in this group the particular composition had a smaller
effect than did the level of starting stress and, especially, the test temperature.
Soviet alloys similarly displayed but moderate scatter in a plot of the 1000-h residual stress versus
test temperature. (P. 488). Data for Materials No. 74 and 75 were omitted from this plot because the
solution temperature used was lower than is normal.
Data for individual alloys were too sparse to justify separate graphical treatment except in four
instances.
Tests at four different temperatures for Alloy 718 ( Matl. No. 2) all at 60 ksi initial stress, and for
Hastelloy X ( Matl. No. 8) all at about 30 ksi initial stress lend themselves to plots of residual stress
versus test temperature. ( P. 489).
431
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NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS 433
Data for Inconel X-550 (Mat!. No. 14) were included with Inconel X on plots of residual stress versus
initial stress (P. 490). The pattern of results differs from common trends displayed by many materials, for
which the residual stress for a given relaxation time and temperature steadily rises with increasing initial
stress, and residual stresses after the same relaxation time from a given initial stress become steadily
lower for increasing test temperature.
Here, the 1000-h residual stress at 1050 deg. F appears to fall significantly below that at 1200 deg. F.
Even for the same lot of material, the 10-h residual stress at 1350 deg. F rises with initial stress only for
tests started at 60 ksi or lower stress. At longer times, a leveling-off or a drop in residual stress occurs
for increasing level of initial stress.
Material numbers 9 and 10 both showed an actual increase in stress during the first ten hours. For all
lots, the rate of relaxation at 13 50 deg. F ( 732 deg. C) accelerated considerably after 100 hours.
Material No. 47 and 48, Nimonic BOA, exhibited similar negative relaxation at 752 to 1022 deg. F (400
to 550 deg. C); but behavior of this alloy at higher temperatures followed the usual pattern. Residual stresses
at 100; 1000; and 10, 000 hours are shown on P. 491 as a function of temperature, for tests at a strain level
of either 0. 15 or 0. 2%.
Examples of negative relaxation for other alloys are found in tabulations for Mat!. No. 52, 53, 55 and
58.
Attention is called to features of some of the tests not shown in graphical form:
Tests of 96 h duration at 600, 800, and 1000 deg. F of D-979 strip (Mat!. No. 3-5) investigated the
effect of O, 10%, and 50% cold rolling between the solution and aging treatments.
The influence on stress relaxation at 13 50 and 1500 deg. F from momentary prior prestrain at test
temperature was studied for Waspaloy, Mat!. No. 41.
Data for El-617 ( Mat!. No. 64) cover effects of superimposed vibration.
Relaxation under bending (using the Oding ring specimen) is compared to relaxation in tension speci-
mens for two Soviet alloys ( Mat!. No. 69 and 72).
Other Soviet tests ( Mat!. No. 56, 64, 67, and 70) featured repeated cycles of relaxation.
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AF 1753
Alloy 718
D-979
!E .,
!.
j3 t!ii -
]
c'V
....
*!
:I
r:;; ~
Chemical composition, % by wt . f!
8_ LL U
N iij
~·;;~ § ·;;~
N
* Cl)
>._
N
E r:;;"
'° Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
z * ...... .2
.g ., ... z ·-~ ... ~
:I
~ iii sE .g"""" N.><Z 0
"'
s., :;;"' ~ ~ Q.
d ~ ir:;; -a.,
~ c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Ti Al Fe B ii
I- ~ e
a. w
0
a:
1 x 0.21 0.02 0. 03 16.64 Bal. 1. 62 8. 53 2.96 1. 96 8.60 0.007 70 187.3 144.4 Tensile data, average of 3 tests.
21 1291. 995.6
Co p s Zr
7.46 0.002 0.005 0.049 1600 95.6 76.3
871 659.1 526.
2 Q •ro.o4 0.01 0.09 19. 54. 3. 1. 0 0.65 Bal.
Nb+Ta
5.25
3 Q 0. 068 0.28 o. 35 15.04 45.56 4.22 3. 93 2. 83 1. 04 26.33 o. 012 Room 160. 69.0 92.6 30.
1103. 476. 638.5
600 140.7 67.4 89.2 29.5
316 970. 465. 615.
800 148.2 73.9 97.4 21.
427 1022. 509.5 671. 5
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f ...
.2
Residual stress, ~
$u
~
::J
., form and size, history of material. ~ ~
-g s. ..§
·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
.l!
c: ~ 8. u. tJ
MN/m 2
z ~
sEco co E'° Relaxation·test procedure and comments
c;; ::J
strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
·;: 5l Heat treatment .g .g u ~CJ
s .,
~
.,
t:
·~
., % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
"'
::i: 0 ii:i MN/m 2 h h h h h
"'
ii:i
I- MN/m 2
1 x AF 1753 bolts, 1/4 in. -20 threads, 1600 73. 5 41. 0 21. 5 Cylinder test of a bolt.
2. 25 in. (57 mm) long. 871 506.8 283. 148.
Hot forge 12-point head;
1900 F ( 1040 C ), 2 h, water quench; 1600 73. 5 27.1 22.6 18. 1 50
Holl threads; 871 506.8 187. 156. 125.
1400F(760C), 16h, aircool. 1600 73.5 48.6 20.9 12.5 50
871 506.8 335. 144. 86.
2 Q Alloy 718. 1000 25.5 60.0 60. 60. 60. 62. 58.
1800 F( 980C), 1 h, water quench; 538 176. 413.7 414. 414. 414. 427.5 400.
1325F(720C), 16 h, air cool.
1100 60.0 60. 60. 59.6 58.2 51. 5
593 413.7 414. 414. 411. 401. 355.
1200 24.5 60.0 59. 58. 56.9 54.4 39.
649 169. 413.7 407. 400. 392. 375. 269.
1300 60.0 57.6 54.2 46.8 28.8
704 413.7 397. 374. 323. 198.5
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Hastelloy C, N, and X
..
.8E i
a
"'
tfii ~
_
8. '; ~ :>....·- E ·--"
~ -
0
'<t
~
~
f.
"'~::l
.-
N
::l Chemical composition, % by wt. ftj N N
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c:
s "ii;!z >._ E c0
~ S! ! .g.g "'"" ::!:
~
z 15
~ -"Z
"ic:
"'
0
.. fl..
2l
.,
t: .,c: Cl.
::!: 0 ::!:
-ti
c w ....e
0
::!: 0 Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Ti Fe s I- I-
w "'
a:
6 N 0.05 0.45 1. 04 13.99 Bal. 15.37 4.88 5.86 Hardness: BHN 207.
Grain size 3.
•
8 AA "Grain size 0. 00005 ".
•Nominal composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a
e· ..
:J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
~
:J
c: "'~ form and size, history of material. e8. u.. (.J
:; ·- N
-g S.! ksi "
:!
:J e .. z strain, MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
ii E "C "" "' stress, stress. time, ·;:;
"C CJ~(!)
CD CD
·;: Sl Heat treatment
.. ..
l!l
':E
l!I
0
J!:I
t:
"'
I-
~ w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
l<si
MN/m 2
h ..
-~
w
6 N Hastelloy C 1050 60.0 51. 8 ( 50.G) 155
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter, hot-rolled 566 413.7 357. (345.)
bar.
1200 45.0 19.5 17. 1' 115
Annealed.
649 310.3 134.5 118. ;
1350 25.0 14.5 14. o; 190
732 172.4 100. 96.5
7 22 Hastelloy N (Fuel cladding material 1200 0. 1 *23.1 23.0 22.2 17.6 5.8
INOR-8) 649 159. 3 158. 6 153. 1 121. 4 40.
1300 0. 1 *22.5 20.8 15. 7 5.5
704 155.1 143.4 108. 38.
1400 0. 1 *21. 6 14.5 6.7 3.5
760 148.9 100. 46. 24.
1500 0. 1 *19. 0 7. 1 2.75 2.0
816 131. 49. 19. 14.
1600 0.1 *15.0 4.5
871 103.4 31.
*stress at 0. 01 h.
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lnconel X
..
!E
:>
c:
.. f:! Chemical composition, % by wt.
!
a~
8. ... (.)
tii
.... _N
]
'ij N c4
>,_ E
N
-*
..,.
0
c:·
*
..
f~
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
..... z ·-§'ii~
:> t> ·- E
~ Si
s.. ..
ef:
.! ,, ,, :;; :!:
... z
~ *"'-
:!: ci :!: 'i
N.><Z
0
0
:!:
:i
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Cu Nb+Ta Ti Al Fe s i
I-
c:
~
Cl.
e
a.
c:
w
0 .
-c
a:
9 s o. 04 0.8 0.34 15.15 [72.57 0.04 0.84 2.73 0.81 6. 63 0.007 1350 57.5
732 1396.5
10 s 0.04 0.8 0.34 15.15 ri2.57 0.04 0.84 2.73 0.81 6.63 0.007 1350 57.5
732 1396. 5
13 54
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j e· .. Residual stress, ~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..!u..u =
ii
-g ·-
"
s.~
N
Initial
ksi
Final s
.f!"
"c: "'~ ~E"' z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
7ii
·;: "5! Heat treatment
E i'
! -c -c u :="' strain, stress, stress, time, ·c:;
.
l!l
::!!
~
Cl
t:
...."' w
..
-~
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
-~
9 s Inconel X bar stock. 1350 23. 70.0 58. 50. 39. 5 16. 14.2 1170
2100 F ( 1150 C ), 2 h, air cool; 732 158.6 482.6 400. 345. 272. 110. 98.
1550F(845C), 24 h;
1300F(705C), 20 h. 1350 60.0 55. 50. 40.5 18. 13.7 1300
732 413.7 379. 345. 279. 124. 94. 5
1350 45.0 44. 42. 38. 21. 19.3 1120
732 310. 3 303. 290. 262. 145. 133.
1350 35. 0 39. 38. 34. 23. 20.4 1250
732 241. 3 269. 262. 234. 159. 141.
10 s Inconel X bar stock. 1350 23. 0.317 70.0 53. 48. 39. 16. 13.9 1210
2100F(ll50C), 2h, air cool; 732 158.6 482.6 365. 331. 269. 110. 96.
1550F(845C), 24h;
1350F(730C), 24h. 1350 0.263 60.0 53. 47.5 40. 17.5 1000
732 413. 7 365. 327.5 276. 121.
1350 0.195 45.0 44. 5 41. 35. 21. 17.2 1470
732 310.3 307. 283. 241. 145. 119.
1350 0.174 40.0 38. 34. 20. 20. 2 980
732 275. 8 262. 234. 138. 139.
1350 0.152 35. 0 36.5 34. 23. 23.5 940
732 241. 3 252. 234. 159. 162.
12 J Inconel X, Hot rolled; 1200 22.6 0.371 77.0 49.0 (37. 4) 1649
2100 F ( 1150 C ), 24 h, air cool; 732 155.8 530. 9 338. (258.)
1300F(705C), 16 h.
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lnconel X-550
lnconel 700
lncoloy 901
-
~ 0
i
iiE a~ tIii ~
'<I"
~
"c
Q)
~
Chemical composition, % by wt. g_ LL. tJ .... N
~ ·- E_ >._ z
..... z ·- ... z ..... -
~·-NE
Iii ...
E
~
c·
ro'
~
"'
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
ftj
·;: a" $E .g.g
"'"'
'iii
0
::!: ~
.. -
~
0
"ic 0
~ c ::!: c::i ::!:
..
*
c. -0
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Fe s .....ii ~ e
0.. w
0
r:c
14 K 0.05 0.73 0.28 14.92 Bal. 2.5 1. 16 6.59 0.007 1350 104. 72. 89.5 4. 7. Rupture strength at 13 50 F ( 732 C):
Cu Nb+Ta 732 717. 496. 617.
10 h 100 h 1000 h
o. 03 1. 03 - -
67 ksi 53. 37. 5
462 MN/m 2 365. 258. 5
15 s 0.12 0.07 0.24 15.7 46.25 3.08 28.69 2.02 3.13 0.65 0.007 1400 65.5
760 452.
16 23 0.05 0.48 0.22 12.77 43.15 5.68 2.43 0. 15 35.02 0.007 Room 168. 107.5 22. 31.5 Stress-rupture test, 80 ksi (551. 6 MN/ni2)
1158 741. at 1200 F ( 649 C): 99. 9 h; 23% Elongation;
Cu 25. 5% Reduction of area.
0.02
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~
!!.
a~
.. Residual stress,
s
~
E
"
c:
.
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
8. u. (,J
"
3
-g 8.!
.-N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
of
"'iii "~ e .. z stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: Heat treatment sE -8-!
"' "' u ~ (!)
•t:
strain, ·c:;
s ·~
"'
::!!
J!
"'
0 .
t:
I- w"'
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
"'
w
14 K Inconel X-550. 1350 23. 80.0 56.5 48.3 38.3 (15. 0) 860
13/16 in. (20. 6 mm) diameter bar, 732 158.6 551. 6 389.5 333. 264. (103.)
Hot rolled.
2150F(1175C), lh, air cool; 1350 70.0 59.3 49.5 39. 2 (17. O) 770
1600 F ( 870 C ), 4 h, air cool; 732 482.6 409. 341. 270. (117.)
1350F(730C), 4h, air cool. 1350 70. 0 61. 0 50.6 39. 2 230
732 482.6 420.5 349. 270.
1350 60.0 54.3 48.5 39.3 (18. O) 860
732 413.7 374. 334. 271. (124.)
1350 50.0 48.6 45.9 40.5 (23. 7) 910
732 344.7 335. 316.5 279. (163. )
1350 40.0 38.0 35.0 (30. 5) 200
732 275.8 262. 241. (210.)
Prestrained to 1. 2% plastic strain 1350 50.0 46.5 44.4 41. 1 (18. 0) 750
by momentary loading to 89, 800 psi: 732 344.7 321. 306. 283. (124.)
15 s lnconel 700. 1400 24.8 0. 335 80.0 60. 49. 38. 5 26. 22. 2600
11/16 in. (17. 5 mm) diameter bar. 760 171. 551. 6 414. 338. 265.5 179. 152.
2160 F ( 1180 C ), 2 h, air cool;
1600F(870C), 4 h. 1400 60.0 58. 48.5 40. 30. 27.4 1800
760 413.7 400. 334. 276. 207. 189.
1400 45.0 45. 42.5 37. 5 28. 26.5 1400
760 310. 3 310. 293. 258.5 193. 183.
l:>UU
816
.....
.:
304. 8
13.U
90.
:i. 7
39.
1.11
12.4
:>UU
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M-252
MP35N
Nimonic 80A
!!° ... c'<I'
.!E tii ~
:I
c
Cl>
~
:I
Chemical composition, % by wt. (u.u .... -- ~ ·- E *u? .. ._ *--
N
.ti·- E >_E
N
c·
0
*ii
~
"'
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
l!!E -!
"'"' 0 .. --
~ si .g "'"' z ·- "'z N.><Z
l!l
~ 'iiic == ~ == 0 == ic 0
"'
==
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Fe B
t:
"'
I- ~ e
a.
0
u::;
-ci
Cl>
a:
17 Q i-[o. 15 0.50 0.30 19. 55. 10. 10. 2.5 1. 0 2.J o. 005] Room 178. 128. 21. Creep-rupture strengths, 11.si I 2 :
MN m
1227. 882.5
100 h 1000 h 10,000 h
1200 165. 111. 18.
649 1138. 765. 1200 F 93. 80. 72.
649C 641. 552. 496.
1300 145. 107. 17.
704 1000. 738. 1300F 75. 54. 49.
704C 517. 372. 338.
1400 120. 97. 18.
760 827. 669. 1400F 53. 35. 27.
760C 365. 241. 186.
18 x
....
20 19 0. 08 19.45 Bal. 0.25 2.45 1. 40 0.002
Zr
0.050
*Nominal composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e· .-
:I Residual stress,
~
~
19 x "Multiphase" alloy, MP35 N. 700 I 132. • 113. l 150 Bolt in an MP35 N alloy block.
1/4 in. -28 bolt, 1. 23 in. (31. 2 mm) 371 910. 780. Residual stress is the average for
long. Nut of the same alloy. five bolts tested.
20 19 Nimonic BOA 1202 0. 15 39. 5 30.4 24.2 17.8 14.2 21,167 Relaxation strengths have been
3. 5 in. (89 mm) diameter. 650 272.3 210. 167. 123. 97.9 determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled; times to reach stated residual
1202 0.15 36. 8 29.3 25. 4 525
1975 F ( 1080 C ), 8 h, air cool; stresses.
650 253. 7 202. 175.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool.
1292 0.15 37.1 33. 1 28.5 22. 1 15. 7 2900
700 255.8 228. 196.5 152. 108.
1292 0. 15 36.3 30.4 25. 5 20. 5 714
700 250.3 210. 176. 141.
1382 0.15 31. 45 24.6 17.C 5. 3 794
750 216.8 170. 117. 36.5
1499 0.15 29.6 18. 1 9.8 5.7 290
•Initial and residual stress were 815 204.1 125. 68. 39. 3
measured at room temperature.
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Nimonic BOA
e· ...
.8E
. af! i N
~ ]
en N
...
0
'<I'
ill! ..:;;·
ill!
::J
c
;;
~
::J
Chemical composition, % by wt . 8. ... u .......
~·-NE
e:: :>.....·- zE ·-0 ........z >._ E
~ .><Z ..... c·
0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;: 51 !! :a :Ii: ~ "ic 0
.. ..
"O "O
:Ii: ci :Ii:
!! l!!
i i Q.
~
:Ii: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Zr B I- I-
...e w
0
a:
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E
f.
a~
.. Residual stress,
s
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. "
:; ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
~"
"c ~ 8. .... (.) "g a_ E
~ "~ Heat treatment E "'"' E~
l!l~~
z strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. .. ·=..
" - t:1
s ~ ;i ·-= % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
~ c I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
21 19 Nimonic 80 A 1022 0.38 89.6 81. 2 78.8 72.4 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 550 617.8 560. 543. 499. determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled; times to reach stated residual
1067 0.15 35. 9 34.0 30. 9 28.7 24.6 17 ,600
1975F(l080C), 8h, air cool; stresses.
575 247.5 234. 213. 198. 170.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool.
1112 0.313 71. 7 67.7 63.0 54. 5
600 494.4 467. 434. 376.
1112 0.15 33.3 30. 7 29.6 23. 0 20. 2 26,400
600 229.6 212. 204. 159. 139.
1157 0.15 33.1 30. 7 28.0 24.2 18.6 15. 7 27,200
625 228.2 212. 193. 167. 128. 108.
1202 0.30 71. 8 49.9 39. 7
650 495. 0 344. 274.
1202 0.276 62.7 53. 2 45.4 35.5
650 432.3 367. 313. 245.
1202 0.15 35.3 32.1 28.8 26. 1 16.5 9.5 19,700
650 243.4 221. 199. 180. 114. 65.5
1202 0.15 38.2 29.0 25.2 16.0 11. 2 21,600
650 263.4 200. 174. 110. 77.2
1292 0.30 72.2 42.0 24.6
700 497.8 290. 170.
1382 0.15 34.0 26.3 20. 2 11. 5 7. 1 4,679
750 234.2 181. 139. 79.3 49.
22 19 Nimonic 80A 1202 0.15 39. 0 28.5 22.8 6,737 Relaxation strengths have been
3. 25 in. (82. 5 mm) diameter. 650 268.9 196. 5 157. determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled. times to reach stated residual
1382 0.15 33.6 31. 3 27.6 21. 6 10.6 8.0 2,011 stresses.
1975F(1080C ), 8 h, air cool;
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool. 750 231. 7 216. 190. 149. 73. 55.
1382 o. 15 35. 75 30.4 22.0 11. 8 9.0 2,000
750 246.5 210. 152. 81. 62.
23 19 Nimonic 80A 1202 0.28 67.2 53. 8 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 650 463.3 371. determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled. times to reach stated residual
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; stresses.
1290 F( 700C ), 16 h, air cool.
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Nimonic 80A
e· ...
.8E
., i3 ii
.... _
]
~ -
0
<t
*-c·
*-
..0f.
.. -
::I
e Chemical composition, % by wt. E ""<..>
N - N N
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
8. .... ~ ·- E ~0 ·-.. _E >.- E
~ j .g.g ...... z ·--" z ~ -"Z 0
~ 'ic
.. ..
Ii
:i;
l!!
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Zr B
t:
CD
I-
~
~ e
:i; ~
11.
:i; ci :i;
w
0 .,
,;
a:
24 19 0.06 19. 35 Bal. 0.65 2.34 1. 39 0. 060 0. 002
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ilE 2t .. Residual stress, ~
25 19 Nimonic BOA 1202 0.15 34.4 29.3 25.2 17.0 15.9 11,659 Relaxation strengths have been
4-1/B in. (105 mm) diameter. 650 237.2 202. 174. 117. 110. determined by plotting reported
Extruded. times to reach stated residual
1975F(lOBOC), Bh, air cool; 13B2 0.15 32.4 27.4 22.0 11. 2 4.7 7, 116 stresses.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool. 750 223.4 1B9. 152. 77. 32.4
1499 0. 15 30. 75 20.3 9.0 B.3 142
B15 212.0 140. 62. 57.
26 19 Nimonic BOA 1202 0. 15 37.2 31. 0 23. 9 6,326 Relaxation strengths have been
4 in. (102 mm) square. 650 256.5 214. 165. determined by plotting reported
Forged. times to reach stated residual
1975F(lOBOC), Bh, air cool; 13B2 0.15 37.2 33.2 27.9 15.9 9.B 3,0B9 stresses.
1290 F ( 700 C), 16 h, air cool. 750 256. 5 229. 192. 110. 67. !
27 19 Nimonic BOA 1112 0. 15 2B. 1 32.4 24.6 24.2 12,123 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/B in. (2B. 6 mm) diameter. 600 193.7 223. 170. 167. determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled; times to reach stated residual
1975F(10BOC), Bh, air cool; 1202 0.15 34.4 2B.5 22.1 B.5 B.3 10,102 stresses.
650 237.2 196.5 152. 5B.5 57.
1290 F ( 700 C ), 16 h, air cool.
13B2 o. 15 31. 4 25.1 15. 1 9.0 244
750 216. 5 173. 104. 62.
1499 0. 15 29.6 23. 5 15.4 9.0 50
B15 204. 1 162. 106. 62.
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Nimonic 90
Nimonic 105
! .: ....c
iiE
., a ti N
~ cli N --
~
~
I! u..u ~~
"c ~
~ "S!
Chemical composition, % by wt.
s
.... --
Q ·- E ~·-NE
g_ .,"' .,"' ., ... z ·-0 ..... --
E >·-.. --
z ~ .><Z
E
c·
0
., Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
s.. c..:I
ii
"O "ti
~ i
::!: ::!: 0 ::!: "ic 0
.,
i:i
::!: c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Zr B I- ~
...e 0
ijj a:
28 19 0. 07 19.40 Bal. 16.00 2.49 1. 40 0.045 0.006
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] Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!.
i3
..·
::J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~
E .,u form and size, history of material. "'
3 ,_ N
ksi ~
::J
c: 8_u..u "8 a.~
:; E"' z MN/m 2 stress. time, l: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Sl Heat treatment E .g
l!I "'"'
-!! u~ CJ strain, stress, "<l
~ l9 .,
t:
·~
.!!! % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·="'
:E c"' I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
28 19 Nimonic 90 1112 0.15 39.0 29.0 28.8 12,181 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 600 268.9 200.0 198.6 determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled. times to reach stated residual
1975 F ( 1080 C ), 8 h, air cool; 1202 0.30 71. 7 59.4 51. 4 41. 7 35. 7 2,70( stresses.
1290 F ( 700 C ), 16 h, air cool. 650 494.4 403. 5 354. 287.5 246.
1202 o. 15 40.7 34.8 30. 2 28.0 1,961
650 280.6 234. 208. 193.
1202 0.15 38.7 32.4 29.6 27.5 5,329
650 266.8 223. 204. 190.
1292 0.15 36.6 29. 4 26.0 21. 2 19. 5 2,048
700 252. 4 203. 179. 146. 134. 5
1292 0.15 35.2 28.0 23. 9 15. 3 15. 2 10,175
700 242.7 193. 165. 105.5 105.
1382 0.15 34. 95 29. 4 24.8 16.2 10.1 3,552
750 241. 0 203. 171. 112. 70.
1382 o. 15 34.95 28.8 24.1 (15. 3) 15. 7 930
750 241. 0 198.5 166. (105. 51 108.
29 19 Nimonic 105. 1202 0.15 39. 6 33.6 10,000 Relaxation strengths have been
1-1/8 in. (28. 6 mm) diameter. 650 273.0 232. determined by plotting reported
Extruded; Hot rolled. times to reach stated residual
2100F(l150C), 4h, air cool; 1202 0.15 40.6 (32. 9) 33.4 8,613 stresses.
1920 F ( 1050 C ), 16 h, air cool; 650 279. 9 (227.) 230.
1560 F ( 850 C ), 16 h, air cool. 1292 0.15 40. 1 34.5 25. 1 23.3 13 ,427
700 276.5 238. 173. 161.
1382 0.15 39. 0 30. 2 22.8 15. 1 14.35 16,546
750 268.9 208. 157. 104. 99.
1472 0.15 35. 1 26.4 19. 1 10.4 8.7 2,014
800 242.0 182. 132. 72. 60.
1562 0.15 32.25 20.2 12.2 4.7 698
850 222.4 139. 84. 32.4
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Refractaloy 26
..
!E
.,
";;;c ~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
et
.aI!
8. ....
~-
.... ..._
5i"'
]
u :0 ·- E ~ ·- E >._ E
~ N
-*
....0
c·
*.,·i:! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;;; "~ aE i' ~ ., .... z ·--"
-o -o :;;
0 .. -z
::!: ~ *"'-
N-"Z
0
·~ 0"'
a.. ..
::!:
B
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Al Ti Fe B
..
t:
I- ~
a.
....e
::!: 0 ::!:
w
"'c:0 -c:i
a::"
30 y 0.052 0.91 0.95 18.1 36.9 3.17 19.6 0.06 2.34 17.4 Hardness: VPH 312/317.
31 y 0.057 0.85 0.86 18. 30 37. 4 2,6 20.1 0.07 2.78 16.00 Hardness: VPH 363/383.
32 54
33 y 0. 03 0.02 0. 31 17.98 36.76 3.08 18.94 0.06 2.86 Bal. 0.006 Room 167.8 97.1 27. 28. Hardness: DPN (30 kg) 381; BHN 311.
1157. 669.5 Grain size 4 to 5.
Room 171. 0 97.6 26.5 35.
1179. 673.
35 y 0.046 0.83 0.86 18. 3 37.0 2.99 19.8 0.86 2.60 17.0 Room 159.4 88.05 30. 41. Hardness: Vickers (10 kg) 298/367.
1099. 607. Grain size 6 to 7.
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.!E
.,· ... Residual stress,
s
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, E "' Initial Final
"'c: ":;
form and size, history of material. ca
8. u.. (.)
-; •- N
-g s. ~ ksi ~"
e .. z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress, time,
~ 51 Heat treatment E ,,
!? "'"'
CD CD
,, u ~CJ strain, ·o;
l!! :I 'iiij 't:ca
ca
::!!:
ca .,
t: % ksi 1
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
iij
Cl I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
30 y Refractaloy 26 1100 37.4 36.5 36.2 35.1 406 Strains correspond to initial stres !
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter bar. 593 257. 9 251. 7 249.6 242. at room temperature of 45 ksi
1800 F ( 980 C ), 1 h, water quench; (310. 2 MN/ m2 ).
1500F(815C), 20h; 1200 34.0 32.0 25.6 989
1350F(730C), 20h. 649 234.4 220.6 176.5
31 y Refractaloy 26 1100 62.3 57.5 53. 7 53. 190 strains correspond to initial stres 6
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter bar. 593 429.5 396.5 370. 365. at room temperature of 80 and 45
1800F(980C), lh, water quench; ksi (551. 6 and 310. 3 MN/m2 ),
1500 F(815C ), 20h; 1100 39.0 38.5 38.0 35.2 1053 respectively.
1350F(730C), 20h. 593 268.9 265.5 262. 243.
33 y Refractaloy 26 1050 52.3 51. 3 50.7 50.0 48.6 47.3 2791 Test-sample location approximate y
Consumable electrode melt. 566 360.0 353. 7 349.6 344.7 335. 326. mid-radius.
2-9/16 in. (65 mm) diameter, strains correspond to initial stres I
1050 39.2 37.8 36.9 34.7 2161 at room temperature of 60 or 45 k
566 270.3 260.6 254. 4 239. (413.7 or 310.3 MN/m 2 ).
34 y Refractaloy 26 1050 31. 8 31. 6 31. 0 29.4 25. 1 25. 1 1006 Strains correspond to initial stres
Consumable electrode melt. 566 219.2 218. 214. 203. 173. 173. at room temperature of 45 ksi
Rotor forging. (310. 3 MN/m2 ).
1100 42.6 40.0 39. 6 40.0 38.5 38. 2 1090 Test at 1050 F on longitudinal
593 293. 7 276. 273. 276. 265.5 263. specimen; other two tests on
1200 39.8 39.4 38. 7 38.4 34.9 34.7 1010 tangential specimens.
649 274.4 272. 267. 265. 241. 239.
35 y Refractaloy 26. 900 42.5 41. 7 41. 2 39. 6 1010 strains correspond to initial stres
Samples 3/4 x 3/4 x 9 in. (19 x 19x 482 293. 0 287.5 284. 273. at room temperature of 45 ksi
230 mm) cut from a cylinder seg- (310. 3 MN/m 2 ).
ment. 1000 40.7 40.6 40.5 38.3 1033
1800F(980C), lh; 538 280. 6 280. 279. 264.
1500F(815C), 20h; 1050 39. 2 38. 7 37.5 503
1350F(730C), 20h. 566 270.3 267. 258. 5
1100 35. 7 35. 2 34.7 32.4 1006
593 246.1 243. 239. 223.
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Rene 41
c
e·
-*
~
.8E
. aI! tiii ! ..i-
*...e
::i
c: ~
::i
Chemical composition, % by wt. .... _ N
!. ... (.) :> ·- E ~·-NE
...... z ·-0 ...... -z
cJi
> - "i
N
·-. E
~ -"Z
c:·
0 .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ 51 sE .g"'"'
~ :;; :;: ~ :;: ci 0
s. .. .
:;:
!!
c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al Fe B I- ..
'.:
~ ~
Q.
c:
0
jjj
:;:
c: -a
IC
36 Q 0.092 0. 19 0. 16 19.07 54.19 9.60 10.80 3.25 1. 10 0. 007 Room 206.8 142.5 153. 22.
1426. 982. 5 1054.
600 194.9 119. 6 148.2 15. 5
316 1344. 825. 1022.
800 188.5 120. 142. 22.
427 1300. 828. 978.
1000 188. 118. 5 150. 14.5
538 1296. 817. 1034.
37 Q 0. 092 0.19 0. 16 19.07 54.19 9.60 10.80 3.25 1. 10 0. 007 Room 235. 5 171. 8 207.9 12.5
1624. 1185 1433.
600 212.6 152.7 192. 9.
316 1466. 1053. 1325.
800 207.5 151. 188, 9.5
427 1431. 1041. 1296.
1000 205.8 156.9 184.6 8.
538 1419. 1082. 1273.
38 Q 0.092 0. 19 o. 16 19.07 54.19 9.60 10.80 3.25 1. 10 o. 007 Room 269.5 229.
1858. 1578.
600 259. 7 202.8 259. 0.5
316 1791. 1398. 1785.
800 248.8 196.3 1.
427 1715. 1353.
1000 251. 3 169. 244.3 0. 5
538 1733. 1167. 1684.
39 x 0.08 0.03 0. 10 18.6 Bal. 9.95 11. 2 3. 11 1. 47 0.80 0.005 70 167. 1 130. 5
21 1152. 900.
41 x 0.08 0.03 0. 10 18.6 Bal. 9.95 11. 2 3. 11 1. 47 0.80 0.005 70 168.9 125. 1
21 1163. 862.5
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.8E e· ..
:s Residual stress, ~
39 x Rene 41 bolt, #10-32 threads, with 1400 99.7 36.2 25.5 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
Waspaloy nut. 760 687.4 250. 176. Results are average of 3 tests.
Hot forge 12-point head;
2150 F ( 1175 C ), 1/2 h, oil quench; 1400 62.3 21. 9 18.2 50
Roll threads (MIL-S-8879); 760 429.5 151. 125. 5
1650F(900C), 4h, air cool.
40 x Rene 41 bolt, same as Material 39, 1400 77.4 43.4 32.9 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
but 1/4 in. -28 threads. 760 533.6 299. 227. Results are average of 3 tests.
41 x Rene 41 bolt, same as Material 39, 1400 73. 0 43. 8 35. 1 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
but 1/2 in. -20 threads. 760 503. 3 302. 242. Results are average of 3 tests.
1400 46.4 30.0 28.3 50
760 319.9 207. 195.
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Udimet 500
Udimet 630
.8E
::I
"'~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
j3
I.!
..... _1]-
-s·
iii N
8. u.. u ,::. ·- E 0 ·-NE
v.i N
c'<I'
-
;,!'. ....-
(fl.
. , _ >.- E
c: c:· ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
::I
E gt gt ., ... z ·- ... z 0
~ Si ~~z
.. ..
!!
:;;
:i
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al p s -
!"'O'C ~
16
I- ~
c:
:;; ~
Q.
....e
:;; ci :;;
-~
c:
w
0
0
,;
"'
a:
42 98 0.09 0.10 0.11 19.2 Bal. 4.30 0.30 2.97 2.97 0.007 1200 178. 17. 19.5 stress-rupture test at 25 ksi (172. 4 MN/rr
Cu Mg 649 1227. at 1650 F ( 899 C): 31. 5 h; 8. 6% Elongation
Co
10. 1% Reduction of area.
0.01 19.0 0.01
43 x
44 x 0.04 0.21 0.10 17.5 Bal. 2.90 17.2 1. 05 0.61 0.01 0.004 70 256.1 201. 4 Tensile data are average of 3 tests.
21 1766. 1389.
w Nb+Ta Co Cu B
2.75 6.20 0.10 0.10 40 1200 205.4 188.2
ppm 649 1416. 1298.
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~
!.
a~
.. Residual stress, -
E
::I
"'::I
!!
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material • =
8. u.. l S.!
c..>
::I
·-N
Initial
ksi
Final B
u
.:!!
E .''"'"
c:
MN/m 2
co
·;: Sl Heat treatment !? "' .. z u ~ C!J strain, stress, stress, time, ·u~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
a.. e.. ·=..
"'Cl "'Cl
·~
~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
;; "' w
~ Cl I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
42 98 Udimet 500. 1300 25.1 0.3 75.0 66.9 54.5 45.5 415
1975F(1080C), 4h; 704 173. 517.1 461. 376. 314.
1550F(845C), 24h;
1300 55.0 52.2 46.7 40.5 450
1400F(760C), 16h. 704 379.2 360. 322. 279.
1300 0.2 50.0 48.5 44.1 38.8 500
704 344.7 334. 5 304. 267.5
1400 24.4 0.3 75. 0 50.0 36.6 30. 8 280
760 168. 517.1 345. 252. 212.
1400 0.2 48.5 40.0 32.2 25.4 500
760 334.4 276. 222. 175.
1500 23.7 0.33 71. 0 32.6 19.5 11. 6 475
816 163.5 489.5 225. 134. 5 80.
1500 0.2 47.2 30. 0 20.3 12.8 500
816 325. 4 207. 140. 88. #
43 x Udimet 500 bolt, with 5/16 in. -18 1100 50.0 41. 2 36.5 36.5 12 Automatic relaxation tester.
threads. 593 344.7 284. 252. 252. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
1600 37.5 24. 11. 8. 14
871 258.6 165.5 76. 55.
44 x Udimet 630 bolts, 1/4 in. -28 xl.750 1200 151. 2 122.1 97. 9 75. 9 50 Cylinder tests of bolts.
in. (6. 35 mm dia. x 44. 5 mm long). 649 1042.5 842. 675. 523.
Thread form MIL-S-8879.
Hot forge 12-point head. 1200 151. 2 117. 7 103. 4 83.6 50
1900F(1040C), lh, air cool; 649 1042.5 811. 5 713. 576.
1400 F ( 760 C ), 8 h, air cool; 1200 151. 2 121. 0 94.6 78.1 50
1200F(650C), 10h, air cool; 649 1042.5 834. 652. 538. 5
~oll threads.
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Waspaloy
.8E e tiii
..
]
c'<t
*-- *.,~
.. ae ~ N
:I
c
ii
::!
:I
Sl
Chemical composition, % by wt.
E "'"'
.... --
......
!I .g .g :;;; z
N
8. ... u lo·- E ~ ·- E >._
0 .. --
·- ....
:::!: 5 :::!:
z . --
E
~ .><Z
c·
0
'ic: 0
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·~
:::!:
.c
!!!
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Co Ti Al p s .
t:
t-
~
c Q.
e
Q.
ci :::!:
0
Lii
.
.;
cc:
45 K 0.08 0.80 0.61 18.72 Bal. 2.93 13.44 2.29 1. 29 1350 58. 91. Rupture strength at 1500F(816C), KSl/.:
MN m
732 400. 627.
Cu Fe 10 h 100 h 1000 h
o. 10 1. 17 1500 81. 0 48. 76.5 6. 7. -- --
816 558.5 331. 527. 5 40.0 27.7 17. 5
276. 191. 121.
'
46 x 0. 07 0. 03 0.08 19. 57 Bal. 4. 45 13.22 2.92 1. 21 0.004 0.007 70 274.4 214.8 Tensile data are average of 3 tests.
21 1892. 1481.
Cu Fe Zr B
0.01 0.34 0.08 0.004 1400 139.3 115. 3
760 960.4 795.
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iiE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
2!.
i3
..
..2 Initial
Residual stress,
Final ~u
8. ... (.) -60 ·v;c. ""e
form and size, history of material • ~ ksi .!!!
c" "'~ ._
MN/m 2
z ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "~ Heat treatment .g E'"
sE .g"'"' u~ C!J strain, stress, stress, time, ·u
~ !!!
; ·~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 'i
"'
:E "'
0 I- "'
w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
45 K Waspaloy 1350 24. 85.0 55.1 40.0 (28. 0) 15
7/8 in. (22 mm) diameter bar, 732 165.5 586.0 380. 276. (193.)
annealed.
1350 60.0 50. ~ 39.0 (30. O) 30
1975F(1080C), 4h, air cool;
1550F(845C), 4h, air cool; 732 413.7 348. 269. (207.)
1400 F ( 760 C ), 4 h, air cool. 1350 ~o. 85 60.0 52.3 46.2 34. 1 390
732 413.7 361. 318.5 235.
1350 1. 4 60.0 50.6 43.6 22
732 413.7 349. 301.
1350 ~2. 6 60.0 47.7 (37. 4) 4.7
732 413.7 329. (258.)
1500 21. 1. 44 70.0 24.5 13.7 5.8 (1. 0) 190
816 145. 482.6 169. 94.6 40. (6. 9)
1500 50.0 30. 3
816 344. 7 207.
1500 50,0 26.0 17.0 9.0 ( 1. 5) 250
816 344. 7 179. 117. 62. (10. )
1500 40.0 26.5 17. 5 9.6 ( 2.3) 430
816 275.8 183. 121. 66. (16. )
1500 30. 0 22.4 17.8 12. 9 ( 7. O) 500
816 206.8 154. 123. 89. (48. )
1500 '0. 09 40.0 25.0 16.0 40
816 275.8 172. 110.
1500 ' 1. 15 40.0 23.3 13.2 ( 5. 9) 80
816 275.8 161. 91. (41. )
46 x Waspaloy bolts and nuts. 1400 100.0 23.0 7.7 50 Cylinder test of bolts.
Thread form MIL-S-8879, with 760 689.5 158.6 53. Results are the average for three
1/4 in. -28 threads. tests.
1900F(1040C ), 1 h, water quench;
Cold extrude 25% (0. 312 to 0, 268 in.)
1400F(760C), 16h, air cool;
Roll threads
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DIN Types
e· .... c~
.8E
::J
r:;; "':::! Chemical composition, % by wt.
..
i!
._LL U
8. .,, ..
fi.
.,,
.... _
iii N
~
J= ·- E ~·-NE
0 ,._
c/i
>._
E
N
-*
r:;;"
*..·
..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
iO
·;:
::J
~ i .g .g z ·-
"'""' ::!! ""'z ~~2
5 ::!! d ::!!
.2
0
.. c..
~
::!!
B
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al p s
:;;
i!
'5i
r:;;
i!
Cl.
e
ir:;;
w
0
-0
a:"'
"-
47 29 0.045 0.02 0.07 20. 5 Bal. 1. 50 2.52 1. 24 Room 155. 9 93.6 l-22. 36.
1075. 645.
B
0.005 752 101. 5
400 700.
932 100.
500 690.
48 29 0. 10 0.15 0.48 19.9 74. 5 0.66 2. 54 1. 30 1022 100.
Co 550 690.
0.50 1112 99.4
600 685.
1202 98.6
650 680.
49 32 0.06 19.27 Bal. 2.24 1. 28 Room 153. 3 101. 22.4 26.0
1057. 696.
50 32 0.05 0.12 0.43 20. 6 Bal. 2.2 1. 10 0.010 0.010 Room 159.6 131. 23.8 28.
1096. 901.
51 32 Room 160. 7 90.5 25. 4 42.3
1108. 624.
52 29 0.055 0.09 0.37 20. 4 Bal. 4. 36 1. 70 2.52 Not Room 182.8 116. 1*26. 24.
repor 1260. 800.
ted.
B
0.006 752 103.
400 710.
*%/5D.
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-8E ~ ."' Residual stress, ~
.,
"'c: ~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ..
i!
8.
'5 ·-
u.. u "8 s.~
N
Initial
ksi
Final s
"
~
e .. z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
Oi
·;: 5!"' Heat treatment E .g
!I "' u~ CJ strain,
"' .g stress, stress, time, ·;:;
"' .,
!I fl
::!!: c .,
t:
I- w
..
-~
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·;;
"'
w
47 29 DIN 17006: Type XBNiCrAlTi 7520 752 0.2 58.0 58. 45 60.5 4170 Automatic relaxation tester.
DIN 17007: 2. 4952. 400 400. 403. 417. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
(Nimonic 80 A).
1975F(1080C), Bh, air cool; 932 0.2 56.85 56.85 57.6 2670
1560F(850C), 24h, air cool; 500 392. 392. 397.
1310F(710C), 16h, air cool.
48 29 DIN 17006: Type XBNiCrAlTi 7520 1022 0.2 43.8 44.1 1000 Automatic relaxation tester.
DIN 17007: 2. 4952 550 302. 304. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
(Nimonic BOA).
Solution treated by manufacturer; 1112 0.2 42.8 40. 3 31. 3 30.8 11,100
1560F(850C), 24h, air cool; 600 295. 278. 216. 214.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool. 1202 0.2 34.1 28.0 1000
650 235. 193.
49 32 DIN: Type NlCr20TiAl 896 27.7 0.18 38.8 35. 7 30,000 Bolt specimen in a block.
1975F(1080C), Bh, air cool; 480 191. 2 268 • 246. Results have been scaled from a
..
51 32 DIN: Type NlCr20TiAl 1004 27.2 0.18 34. 3 30,000 Bolt specimen in a block.
1 in. (25 mm) diameter forgings. 540 187.8 236. Results have been scaled from a
1975F(1080C), Bh, air cool; plot.
1560F(850C), 24h;
1290 F( 700C ), 16 h.
52 29 DIN 17006: XBNiCrMoTiAl 7020 752 0.2 58.9 57.7 61.6 9040 Automatic relaxation tester.
1975 F( lOBOC ), 24h, air cool; 400 406. 398. 425. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1560F(850C), 24h, air cool;
1310F(710C), 16h, air cool.
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DIN Types
~
e·
aI!!
~-
..·
]
a
!!'
E ., ii"' uj
*c· *..e-
::J
c
iO
~
::J
Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. ... u
.... --
E "'.,, "'·-
~ .g .g :;;
N
E ~ ·- E
., ... z ·- .... z ~;2
0 .. --
>._ E
N
53 29 0.08 0.20 20. 30 69.0 4.65 1. 24 2.80 1. 80 Room 182.8 117. 5 26. 40.
1260. 810.
932 101. 5
500 700.
1112 100.
600 690.
1202 99.
650 685.
1292 97.
700 670.
54 29 0. 075 0.05 0.08 12.6 43.7 6. 30 Bal. 2.82 0.22 0.010 0.008 Room 174.5 126. 22. 34.
1203. 867.
B
0.018 752 111.
400 765.
932 109.
500 750.
1112 104.
600 715.
1202 100.
650 690.
1292 93.
700 640.
55 29. 0. 06 0.09 18.8 53.3 10.12 1. 54 3.36 0.49 Room 183.5 130. 25. 28.
1265. 897.
Co
12.27 1112 135.
600 930.
1202 132.
650 910.
1292 130.5
700 900.
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.!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!?•
a~
..
::J
Residual stress,
s"
-g=·-!. E
Initial Final
form and size, history of material. ksi ~
::J
"'~ 8. ... <.J
N
c:
::J
E i"'' E~ z MN/m 2
stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. 10..
ftj strain, stress, time,
·;: ~ Heat treatment ~ "C-! " - ·c:;
~
::!: 0 'ii
I-
..
·~
iii
CJ
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·-s;
iii
53 29 DIN 17006: X8NiCrMoTiAl 7020 932 0.2 54.0 64. 92. 5640 Automatic relaxation tester.
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; 500 372. 442. 635. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1560F(850C), 24h, air cool;
1310F(700C), 16h, air cool. 1112 0.2 52. 5 57. 57. 500
600 362. 392. 392.
1202 o. 2 46.0 43. 43. 950
650 317. 296. 296.
1292 0.2 49.3 31. 3 22.3 5450
700 340. 216. 154.
54 29 DIN 17006: X8NiFeCr12Mo 752 0.2 49.0 51. 6 53.8 5610 Automatic relaxation tester.
(Alloy 901) 400 338. 356. 371. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1975F(1080C), 2h, water quench;
1425 F( 775 C ), 2 h, water quench; 932 0.2 50. 5 49.0 48.9 1100
1290F(700C), 24h, air cool. 500 348. 338. 337.
1112 0.2 48.4 49.0 46.6 46.6 10,330
600 334. 338. 321. 321.
1202 0.2 46.8 35. 5 17.8 18.0 9900
650 323. 245. 123. 124.
1292 0.2 45.5 23. 5 12.8 5150
700 314. 162. 88.
55 29 DIN 17006: XlONiCrMoTi 50 20 1112 0.2 51. 0 51. 3 670 Automatic relaxation tester.
1975F(1080C), 4h, air cool; 600 352. 354. 2 in. (50 mm) gage length.
1290 F ( 700 C ), 16 h, air cool.
1202 0.2 50.2 45.7 ( 40.) 45.5 1050
650 346. 315. (275.) 314.
1292 0.2 48.2 36.5 ( 26.) 36.5 1000
700 332. 252. (180.) 252.
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El 437 A
.8E !?° ~-
..· 0
. ]
..
~
ii ..... ?/!.
"'::? Chemical composition, % by wt. "'iii N N uj ?/!.
!~c; .........
N
:I 7ii Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
:I
,:= ·- E c0 ·- E >,_ E c0 ~
7ii
·;: Si j .g .g :;;., ... z::!! ·-~ ... ::!!z
....... ?/!. .......
N
.><Z
::!!
·;;
0
"'
fl ~ t: c c. d "'"'
c ..,;
"'
::!! 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al Ce s ..."' t!?. ...e 0
iii "'
a:
57 13
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!E E' ... Residual stress, ..
su
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
.,
~ ..:!
:S ·-
Initial
ksi
Final
c" I:! 8. u. u ~ !. E
E ..
N
z MN/m 2
~
?' Relaxation-test procedure and comments
iii
·;:: "51 Heat treatment $E .g
"'"'
.g u ~CJ strain, stress, stress, time, ·c:;
$
"'
::!:;
:l
"'
Cl
.
t:
I-
'i
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·i;;
w
56 16 Soviet alloy El 437 A 1382 42.7 22.0 12.2 7.1 3000 Presumably tested by the Oding
standard two-stage heat treatment. 750 294.2 152. 84. 49. ring method; bending.
Results are average from 2 to 4
1382 35. 6 19.2 11. 8 6.8 3000 tests.
750 245.2 132. 81. 47.
1382 28.45 15. 9 9.4 5.8 3000
750 196.1 110. 65. 40.
Above original material conditioned
by four 1-hour cycles of relaxation
from 28. 45 ksi (196.1 MN/m2 ): 1382 28.45 19. 5 11. 0 7.0 3000
750 196.1 134. 75.5 48.
57 13 Soviet alloy El 437 A 1112 36.3 29.4 26.7 5000 "Typical" values have been scaled
Solution treat; 600 250. 203. 184. from a plot.
Age.
1112 29.0 23. 4 (21. 5)
600 200. 161. (148.)
1112 21. 8 18.1 16.4 5000
600 150. 125. 113.
1202 36.3 26.1 21. 9 5000
650 250. 180. 151.
1202 29.0 21. 3 ( 18.)
650 200. 147. (124.)
1202 21. 8 15.2 13. 5000
650 150. 105. 90.
1292 36.3 19.1 12. 5000
700 250. 132. 82.
1292 29.0 16. 8 (10. 7)
700 200. 116. (74. )
1292 21. 8 11. 6 7.5 5000
700 150. 80. 52.
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E1437B
...·
.8E !!'
a.. t5i ] -*
0
'<I'
*..·
~
::J
r:.
.. l!!..
J!l
"':;
u
S!
Chemical composition, % by wt.
;
8. . . u
se::
N
:::!!! c:i
- "i
N
:::!!!
r:.·
0
r:.
0
"'
Iii
,;
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:::!!! 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al Cu B I- I- 0
ii: w
0
cc"'
58 110 0.05 0.28 0.44 20.70 Bal. 0. 71 2.57 0.90 0.05 0.004
59 110 0.05 0.28 0.44 20.70 Bal. 0.71 2. 57 0.90 0.05 0.004
60 110 0.05 0.28 0.44 20.70 Bal. 0. 71 2.57 0.90 0.05 0.004
61 80
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~ ~:!" ... Residual stress,
s
E ., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a .2 Initial Final
form and size, history of material. ~
(.) -g :;.~
:J ·- N
ksi ~"
"...c: !::!
·;: "~ Heat treatment
8. u..
.,
E "C"'"'"
!?
..
E'° z strain,
"C u ~CJ
stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ?"
·c:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
l!! e
"' Cl"'
...,
I-
'i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
-~
"'
w
58 110 Soviet alloy El 437 B 1022 79. 65 81. 6 81. 8 82.2 32 Automatic Rel-Vl-ST tester.
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; 550 549.2 563. 564. 567. Sensitivity of optical extensometer
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool. + 1 micron.
1202 78.25 75.7 72.5 9
650 539. 4 522. 500. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
1292 78.25 64. 0 50.5 48.1 25
700 539.4 441. 348. 331. 5
59 110 Soviet alloy EI 437 B 1112 78.25 79.5 78.5 77.4 20 Automatic Rel-Vl-sr tester.
&I.me lot as Material No. 58. 600 539.4 548. 541. 533. 5 Sensitivity of optical extensometer
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; + 1 micron.
1290F(700C), 16h, air cool; Results have been scaled from a
1110F(600C), 4h. plot.
60 110 Soviet alloy El 437 B 1112 78.25 76.7 75. 0 70.8 47 Automatic Rel-Vl-sr tester.
&I.me lot as Material No. 58. 600 539. 4 528.5 517. 488. Sensitivity of optical extensometer
1975F(1080C), 8h, air cool; + 1 micron.
1290 F(700 C ), 16 h, air cool; Results have been scaled from a
1110 F( 600C ), 40h. plot.
61 80 Soviet alloy El 437 B 752 28.7 42.7 42.2 42.0 Tests in bending; Oding ring
1975F(1080C ), 8 h; 400 198. 294.2 291. 289. method.
1290 F ( 700 C ), 16 h, air cool; Average results of triplicate tests
Stress relieve finished specimens 752 28.45 28.2 27.8 have been scaled from curves of
930 F ( 500 C ), 2 h, air cool. 400 196.1 195. 192. stress vs. time.
752 14.2 14. 1 13. 8
400 98.1 97. 95.
932 27.7 42.7 40.4 39.5
500 191. 294. 2 278.5 273.
932 28.45 26.7 26.2
500 196.1 184. 180.5
932 14.2 13.4 13.1
500 98.1 92. 90.
1022 27.2 42.7 38.6 36.8
550 187. 294. 2 266. 253. 5
1022 28.45 25. 6 24.5
550 196.1 176.5 169.
'Continued on next page]. I
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El 4378
c
f.
-*
~
1iE t;'
.,, ] .t
:>
c: ~:> Chemical composition, % by wt.
j3
.... _
"'&a;~ ;,Iii ·- E 0~ ·-.. _E
N - N <Ji N
> ·-! r;'
*~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
'"
·;:
!!l
~
l9 ...,
~
J 2 ~ :E
:E c. ci :E
·;:;
"'"'c:0 .,
-ci
"'
:E "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s I- D.. w er:
61 80
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!"
~
.
.=· Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
~
:::J
"'::!:::J form and size, history of material. f! ::::J · - N
"' u. (.) -g ~~
ksi "
:?
...c:
·;: ~ Heat treatment
~ : ir e ... z
~ 'C 'C u ~ C!J
strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
:§
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
*
10 t: % ksi h
:E 0 "'
~ w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
61 80 Soviet alloy EI 437 B 1022 14.2 12.7 12.1
550 98. 1 87. 83.
[Continued]
1112 26.6 42.7 36.6 33.7
600 183. 294.2 252. 232.
1112 28.45 24.2 22. 5
600 196.1 167. 155.
1112 14.2 11. 9 11. 3
600 98.l 82, 78.
1202 25.9 42.7 34.5 30.8
650 178.5 294.2 238. 212.
1202 28.45 22.4 20.3
650 196.l 154. 5 140.
1202 14.2 11. 0 10.3
650 98,l 76. 71.
1292 25.2 42.7 29.5 24.6
700 173.5 294. 2 203. 5 170.
1292 28.45 20.3 17.2
700 196.1 140. 119.
1292 14.2 9.6 8.2
700 98, 1 66. 56.
1382 24.5 42.7 23.1 16.1
750 169. 294. 2 159. 111.
1382 28.45 15. 8 11.1
750 196. 1 109. 76. 5
1382 14.2 7.7 5. 7
750 98.l 53. 39.
1472 23.3 42.7 14.2 6,0
BOO 161. 294.2 98. 41.
1472 28.45 10. 8 4.7
800 196, l 74.5 32.
[Concluded on next page]
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El 4378
!. ...· c
.2!
E
c" "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt.
i!
~
8.
ii
-=·.,,
.... _ N
... u ~ ·- E ~·-NE
~ u)
0 . , _ > ·;i-€
N
-*....
c·
*!.,· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Oi
·;: "Sl l!l -8 ~ :;;
E "'"' "'"" :ii!
z ~ ·- ""z *-"'Z .2 "'
'O
l!l :i c.
:ii! :;i :ii! ic .,
,;
~
t;
"'
:ii! a"' c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe Ti Al p B [!!. e
a.. w
0
a:
61 80
•"Typical".
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E a
e!•
.=
.. Residual stress,
£
:J
c:
.
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. f! ~
8. u.. <.> -g a...§
·- N
Initial
ksi
Final u
~
...·;: :J
Si Heat treatment
E i' i' e .. z
s "C "'C ·~ ~
strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
.. !!..
2!
0
~
...
I-
..
iii
C)
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
iii
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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El 4378
El 617
0
.8E ., '<I'
~
*c:· *..-
:I
c:
...
i::!
:I
S!
Chemical composition, % by wt .
0 ..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;:
.,,c:
-~ 0
~
.. .,
*
-ci
::!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Ti Al Fe 0
iii a:
62 3
•"Typical".
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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ilE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
.,
i!
.
:I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final £
form and size, history of material • 3 ·- N ksi .:"
""':; ~LL "8 ~!
:I
c: (..J
MN/m 2
;;;
~ Heat treatment
~:: E'° z strain, stress, stress, time, ~
·;;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
'j
., ~.,
~ Cl
~
."'
,2:l"T:l
I-
"C
"f:.,tJ !: "
jjj
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .,
·~
w
62 3 Soviet alloy El 437 B 1292 41. 3 23. 5
700 284.4 162.
[Concluded).
1292 40.8 36.
700 281. 5 247.
1292 30.2 18. 5
700 207, 9 127. 5
1472 66.4 17. 6,4
800 458,0 117. 44.
1472 56,9 16. 6.3
800 392. 112. 43.
1472 47.9 15.
800 330.5 105,
1472 45.5 5. 8
800 313.8 40.
1472 38.8 13.
800 267.7 92.
1472 35. 4 5.
800 244.2 35.
1472 30.6 11. 5
800 210.8 79.5
1472 24.6 4.
BOO 169.7 27.5
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El617
...
.!E
::i
c
..
~
Chemical composition,% by wt.
et
a
"'8. ... u
tc
....
..
~
N
~
_ <4>._. -
·- E ~·-NE
N
E
-
....Cl
?fl.
r:0
?fl.
~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~
:I E g> g' ...... z ·- _,. z
0 .. - ~ -"Z "'
5! ! "C "C
~ ::!: ~ 'ic 0
!!
"'
::!:
..
:!!
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ii
I-
c
~
Q.
0
a:
::!: c:i ::!:
w
0 ..
,;
a:
63 3
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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-8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
I!!. ..
:J
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
~
Ill
I-
.
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
63 3 Soviet alloy EI-617 68 64.7 64.
20 446.2 440.
[Continuation).
932 101. 0 88.
500 696.3 604.
932 90.3 80.
500 622.7 552.
932 78. 2 70.5
500 539. 4 486.5
932 69.0 64.
500 475. 6 439.
932 59.3 54. 5
500 408.9 375.5
1292 92.5 71. 50.
700 637.4 490. 343.
1292 79. 6 63.
700 549. 2 434.
1292 76.1 43.
700 524.7 297.
1292 68.3 55.5
700 470.7 382.5
1292 61. 2 36.
700 421.7 250.
1292 56.5 47.
700 389. 3 325.
1292 44.1 38. 28. 5
700 304. 0 260. 197.
1292 28.5 20.
700 196.1 135.
1562 69. 5 35. 5 15. 7.
850 480.5 245. 105. 47.
1562 58.3 31. 5
[Concluded on next page). 850 402.1 217.51
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El 617
...
~
E a
p£
. tii
8. '; ~ l:l....·- _
] -*
0
ot
*IV::!
.."' .,..
Cl)
~::> Chemical composition, % by wt. N N
E ~·-NE
::>
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
z ~~~
c 0 .,_
c·
iO
·;: s i -! -! :;;...... ::!:z ·--"' 0
·;::;
'O
.. ..
fl
::!:
fl
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v w Fe Ti Al
t:
~ ~ e
~
c.
::!::;i ::!:
w
c
0
,;
cc
"-
63 3
• "Typical".
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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!E ~- ... Residual stress, ~
64 110 Soviet alloy EI-617 1292 64.0 62. 62. 21 Automatic Rel-Vl-5T tester.
700 441.3 427. 427. /'iensitivity of optical extensometer
.!. 1 micron (O. 00004 in. )
1292 -9-54,Q 42. 5 47. 95 Temperature control.! 2 C (3. 6 F)
700 441. 3 292. 5 324.5 Results have been scaled from a
1292 *64.0 48. 36. 24 plot.
700 441.3 333. 250. Amplitude of vibrating stress
approximately 0. 17 to O. 71 ksi
1472 42.7 32.5 20. 19. 116 (1. 2 to 4. 9 MN/m 2 ).[100 Watts].
800 294.2 224. 137. 5 133.
1472 -9-44,1 32.5 23. 68
800 304. 0 224. 157.
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El 893
...
-8E .,
:I Chemical composition, % by wt.
1!.
.a~
8. ....
~
.... _
5i N
u :::; ·- E ~·-NE
]
u:i N
-* *...,
0
..r
66 9 <0.1 0.27 17.3 65.3 4.2 10. 3 0.92 1.16 1382 85. 3 Contained about 10% Ni 3 (Ti,Al) precipitat•i
12 750 588. at the start ; as high as 17% after 20, 000 h
Fe at 1382F(750C).
0.53
68 13 1382 87.0
750 600.
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.8E e· ... s"
:>
"':>:::!
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
E..
~U..(,J
~
:::I·-
°8 !.
N
E
Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final
~
c:
~ ix Heat treatment .g E"'
!E .g"'"' (,,)~
z
C!J strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. !!!..
!
:E Cl
1.:
"'
I-
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
120
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
65 11 Soviet alloy EI 893. 1472 42.7 12.4 8.5 3000 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet type KhN65VMTYu 800 294. 2 85. 3 58.8 Results have been scaled from a
Solution treated + aged. small plot of log stress vs. time.
1472 35. 6 11. 4 9.25 3000
800 245.2 78.5 63. 7
66 9 Soviet alloy EI 893 1382 49.8 28.4 21. 8 18. 5 20,000 Oding ring method; bending.
12 Soviet type KhN65VMTYu 750 343. 4 196. 150, 127.5
2155F(l180C), air cool;
1470F(800C), 12h. 1382 42.7 25.3 18.9 17.2 20,000
750 294.4 174. 5 130. 118. 5
1382 35. 6 21. 8 17.1 14.2 20,000
750 245.5 150, 118. 98.
1382 28.4 17.9 13.5 11. 2 20,000
750 195.8 123. 5 93. 77.
67 16 Soviet alloy El 893 1472 42.7 21. 3 13. 5 7.8 3000 Average results from 2 to 4 tests,
Soviet type KhN62VMTYu 800 294. 2 147. 93. 54. presumably by the Oding ring
Standard two-stage heat treatment. method.
1472 35. 6 19.6 12. 1 7. 1 3000
800 245.2 135. 83. 49.
1562 42.7 18. 5 10.8 4.8 4000
850 294. 2 127.5 74.5 33.
Above material conditioned by three
prior 15-hour cycles of relaxation
from the indicated initial stress: 1472 42.7 25. 3 15. 6 8.8 3000
800 294.2 174.5 108. 61.
1472 35. 6 24.2 13.6 8,2 3000
800 245.2 167. 94. 57.
1562 42.7 23. 5 12.8 6.4 4000
850 294. 2 162. 88, 44.
68 13 Soviet type Khl5N65VMTYu 1382 52.2 29.7 22.6 19.4 20,000 Results have been scaled from a
2155F(l180C), air cool; 750 360. 205, 156. 134. small plot.
1470F(800C), 16h.
1382 43. 5 25.4 19.7 17.1 20,000
750 300. 175. 136. 118.
1382 34.8 22.5 17.4 16.0 20,000
....
-J
--- vv
- - ---
ivv, =u-. -~
.a..1.v.
-J
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Soviet Types
..
iiE
::J
., Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
a.,
~-
"'iii
8. '; ~ ~·;;~ ~·-NE
N
! u) N -*"'
Cl
*...f
.. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
! .g .g ~...... :ii:z ·-~ .... :ii:z ~~~
c :::! 0 .,,_ r::?
::J 0
ii S!
~ :ii: "i
·;: 0
..
$
:ii:
~
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Ti Al B Ce
.,
t:
I-
c.,
I-
c.
~
a..
c
w
0 .,
-ci
a:
69 14
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University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
~
e·
a
..· Residual stress, ~
E
:l
c:
..
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material • 3 ·-
LL (.)
:l
::!: c "
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
69 14 Soviet type KhN65VMTYu 1382 42.7 31. 9 27.3 Ring specimens; bending.
750 294.2 220. 188.
1382 35. 6 26.7 23.3
750 245.2 184. 161.
1472 42.7 25.6 21. 3 500
800 294.2 176.5 147.
70 16 Soviet alloy EP 202 1472 56.9 24. 5 14.9 9.4 3000 Average results from 2 to 4 tests,
Soviet type KhN67VMTYu 800 392.3 169. 103. 65. presumably by the Oding ring
Standard two-stage heat treatment. method.
1472 49.8 22.3 12.8 8.1 3000
800 343. 2 154. 88. 5~.
1562 49.8 17. 8 7. 4 3.7 3000
850 343. 2 122.5 51. 25.5
1562 42.7 15. 4 6.8 3.1 3000
850 294.2 106. 47. 21. 5
1562 35.6 l4o 1 6.3 3.1 3000
Above material conditioned by three 850 245.2 97. 43. 21. 5
prior 1-hour cycles of relaxation
from the indicated initial stress: 1472 56.9 29.2 16.1 10. 1 3000
800 392.3 201. 111. 70.
1472 49.8 27.7 15.4 10.0 3000
800 343.2 191. 106. 69.
1562 49.8 18. 2 8. 1 3.8 3000
850 343.2 125. 5 56. 26.5
1562 42.7 17.8 7.4 3.4 3000
850 1
94. 2 122. 5 51. 23.5
1562 35.6 16.4 7. 1 3.4 3000
n~n
- '~ n
...... v ....
,_
~~u.
·-
oVo
ftft
~.,o.,
~
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Soviet Types
e· ~-
~ cqo
] ~ ] .... If!.
E 1! ""
5i N ~ If!. ~~
::i
c: "'~
::i
Chemical composition, % by wt. !_ LL tJ ~·;;! ~·-NE >._ E
N
0 ...... If!. ......
c ca
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.S?
~ ~ E ~
!! ~ "'"" z ·--"' z N..><Z
"'""
::!: ~ 0
!! !ca
~
c: ::!: ci ::!: ic: -0
ca
::!: c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo w Ti Al B Ce
t:
"'
I- i! ~
c. w
0
"'
cc
71 11 0.06 0.23 0.45 Not Bal. 4.6 4.7 2.65 1. 20 0.02 0.01
given Fe
(15 to 1. 0
16?)
72 14
•Nominal composition.
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i!E 2t
a~
.. Residual stress, ~
~
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, Initial Final
form and size, history of material. :; ·- N
ksi
~
c "'~ "'LL.(.) -g ~! ~
e .. z MN/m 2
e~ "'C~ "'C:f (,)~CJ
~ ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ~ Heat treatment strain, stress, stress, time,
:~
~
:i
l!I
c"' ..
t:
~
-~
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h t:
"'
w
71 11 Soviet alloy EP 202 1562 49.8 17.8 7.4 3.7 3000 Oding ring method; bending.
Soviet type KhN67VMTYu 850 343.2 122. 5 51. 25. 5
Solution treated + aged. 1562 42.7 15. 4 6.8 2.8 3000
850 294. 2 106. 47. 19. 5
1562 35.6 14,1 6.3 3.1 3000
850 245.2 97. 43. 21. 6
72 14 Soviet type KhN77TYu 1292 28.45 •20. 9 16.5 Ring specimens; bending.
700 196.1 144. 114.
1292 35.6 *24.9 18.6
700 245.2 172. 128.5
73 13 Soviet type KhN77TYu 1202 50.8 28.6 24.7 2000 Oding ring method; bending.
1975F(1080C ), air cool; 650 350. 197. 170.
1380F(750C), 16h.
1202 43. 5 25.1 21. 8 2000
650 300. 173. 150.
1202 36.25 18.6 15.4 2000
650 250. 128. 106.
1292 29.0 16.7 14.8 2000
700 200. 115. 102.
1292 21. 75 11. 2 9.9 2000
700 150. 77. 68.
1292 14.5 6.4 5.1 2000
700 100. 44. 35.
74 12 Soviet type KhN77TYu 1202 42.7 21. 5 14.8 12.4 2100 Tests in bending, using rings of
1740F(950C), 4h, air cool; 650 294. 4 148. 102. 85.5 uniform cross section, formed
1380F(750C), 16h. from strips 9 x 15 mm (0. 35 x 0. 6
1292 35. 6 19.4 10.7 8.5 2100 in. ) cross section.
•120 h.
650 245.5 134. 74. 58. 5
-
....
co
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Soviet Types
e!"
... 0
1iE a~ tfii ~
..:
..... ?/<.
~
:::J
r:;;
..
s l!.,
"'~
:::J
SI
Chemical composition,% by wt.
s "O "O
t:
~
r:;;
N
u ~ ·- E ~·-NE ,._: ·- E
8. LL. .........
E g' g ., .... z ·-
0 .......
_,. z ~ _,.z
:::!!: ~
c.
uj
:::!!: ci
.. -
N
:::!!:
?/<.
r:;;'
0
·w.r:;; 0
.;
..
~
-.;
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:::!!: 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Nb Ti Al p s "'
I- ~ ...e 0
ii:i a:"'
78 6 0.06 14 to Bal. 4 to 10.5 1. Oto Room 192 to 156.5 171 to Hardness: RC 45 to 48.
max. 16 6 1. 5 227.5 tol 71 192.
1324 1079 1177
to to to
1569 1177 1324
932 194.6 10.
500 1342.
1112 170.7 5.
600 1177.
79 5
*Nominal composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e!•
a.
.
.2
Residual stress,
9
:I
., form and size, history of material. ~ .g0 c. NE
"iii __
Initial
ksi
Final
"
:!
c: ~ 8. ...
...
(.J
:I E., 2 MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: SI Heat treatment
E i'"'
l!l ... .g u:: C!J strain, stress, stress. time, ·c:;
.. ..
l!l
:::!;
~
0
.,
t:
I-
..
·-=
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
•t;
w
75 12 Soviet type K hN'77TYu 1202 42.7 21. 2 15. 0 12.8 2100 Tests in bending, using rings of
Same lot as Material No. 74. 650 294.4 146. 103. 5 88. uniform cross section, formed
1740 F ( 950 C ), 4 h, air cool; from strips of9xl5 mm (0.35 x
1470F(800C), 16h. 1202 35.6 15. 9 7.8 5.8 2100 O. 6 in. ) cross section.
650 245. 5 110. 54. 40.
76 12 Soviet type KhN'77TYu 1202 49.8 37.7 28.5 24.2 2100 Tests in bending, using rings of
Same lot as Material No. 74. 650 343.4 260. 196. 5 167. uniform cross section, formed
1975F(1080C), 4h, air cool; from strips of 9 x 15 mm(O. 35 x
1380 F( 750C ), 16 h. 1202 42.7 31. 2 25.0 21. 3 2100 O. 6 in. ) cross section.
650 294.4 215. 172. 147.
1202 35. 6 28.6 18. 5 15. 4 2100
650 245.5 197. 127.5 106.
77 12 Soviet type KhN'77TYu 1202 42.7 28.3 20.8 17.9 2100 Tests in bending, using rings of
Same lot as Material No. 74. 650 294.4 195. 143. 123. uniform cross section, formed
1975F(1080C ), 4h, air cool; from strips of 9xl5mm (0.35 x
1470F(800C), 16h. 1202 35.6 21. 2 14.5 12.5 2100 0. 6 in. ) cross section.
650 245.5 146. 100. 86.
78 6 Soviet type 70NKhBMYu 932 27. 2 101. 0 95. 94. 94. 50 Bending tests of strips 0. 012 x 0. 2
Laboratory induction heat. 500 187.8 696.3 657. 647. 647. x 4. 3 in. ( 0. 3 x 5x110 mm).
2010 to 2100F(1100 to 1150 C ), Results have been scaled from a
water quench; 1022 26.7 92.5 85. 79. 78. 50 plot.
1380F(750C), 5h. 550 184.4 637.4 588. 544. 539.
1112 26.3 93. 9 80. 67. 65.5 50
600 181. 4 647.2 549. 461. 451.
79 5 Soviet type 70NKhBMYu 932 96.7 90. 85. 5 83.2 200 strips in bending.
500 666.8 618. 588. 5 574. Results have been scaled from a
plot.
1022 99.6 86. 79. 5 78.2 200
550 686. 5 593. 5 549. 539. 5
1022 82.5 74. 69. 66. 200
550 568.8 510. 476. 456.
1112 89.6 75. 67.5 63.3 200
600 617.8 515. 465.5 436. 5
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Soviet Types
.8E .,
!?.
t5i ]
..- c
..r
a -- ~
..0f.
~
"'c: ~
Chemical composition, % by wt . i,u..u b ·- --E 10 ·-NE
.... N CJ) N
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~·
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, j3
~
"' Initial
Residual stress, g
~
I-
u
..
·~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
80 5 Soviet type 60NKhBMVYu 932 86.0 79. 75.5 74.7 200 Strips in bending.
2100 to 2145F(1150 to 1175C ), 500 593. 3 544. 520. 515. Data have been scaled from a plot.
water quench;
1380F(750C), 5h. 1022 88.2 74. 72. 68.7 200
550 608. 510. 495.5 480.5
1112 65. 4 53. 5 44. 39. 8 200
600 451. 1 368. 304. 275.
81 5 Soviet type 70NKhBMVYu 932 81. 1 75.5 74. 72.5 200 Strips in bending.
2100 to 2145 F ( 1150 to 1175 C ), 500 559.0 520. 510. 500. Data have been scaled from a plot.
water quench;
1380F(750C), 5h. 1022 74.0 67.5 64. 61. 200
550 510.0 465.5 441. 421. 5
1112 69. 7 60.5 54. 52.6 200
600 480.5 417. 372. 5 363.
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486 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
80
{;
CD
a
I
I
"
{;
I
60 - - ¢ - -¢-
"I - 400
I
-¢-
I
{;
. E
* ........
e ,,I z
"iii {;
" ~
.¥ e I 111'
-
-¢-• Ill
111' {;
...G>
-...
Ill
G>
{;
- Ill
Ill
a
40
~-·
; ~ a
:::»
:::» -0
-0 "iii
"iii I
•
G>
ICI.:
G>
ICI.:
•
x
- 200
(also h
20 • •
I
x
)ol
so h I -
x
'\(o)
I I
•
I
•
0 I
600C
I
700
I
ao~c I 0
1000 1200 1400 1600
0
Temperature, f
60/80 60/72 60/72 50/72 45/60 40/50 57/73
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NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS 487
80
o AF 1753
-¢- Alloy 718
<D D-979
0 Hastelloy C
i:. Hastelloy N
Q Hastelloy X
e Inconel X
• Inconel X-550
• Inconel 700
60 • Incoloy 901
- " M-252
"' Nimonic 80 A
.. Nimonic 90
<> Nimonic 105
* Refractaloy 26
~" a Rene 41
• Udimet 500
x Waspaloy
I ; • *
* *
"' *
"'
I ~
•l•
*
"' "'
~ ,,. - 200
"' g.
I
e
"'
J
..E
& "'z
20 "' "' ~
<> ..,.,;
Q
"'
e "' "'
I
I
"x
"'"'
<>
-
-.....,
Q)
CJ
:t
...I
"'O
~
·;;;
Q)
0
600 c 1op/ I Q BO?( I 0
1¥
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Soviet Types (Initial Stress 36 to 45. 5 ksi ) (")
0
61
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
61
-
~
'ti
t"'
>
>-3
61 8
61 61 z
57 63 0
57 61 66 "':!
76 73 66 67
~
62
65 67
77 57 61 67 :::0
56 65 70 71 i:'l
76 73 ti)
77 61 63 f{l
62 :::0
61 i:'l
t"'
300 >
40 '
~
~
~ >-3
1000 8
~ z
Hours
~ "E ~
'-- >-3
"iii 30
~ z >
0
- 200
..lii I i)- ~ 6:::0
"'.,, .,,on'
-.
0
•
-.
*" :S i:'l
-a
Cl)
Cl)
I • .,,
.,,
c
20
.I
*
0
c ~
:I
"'tJ
"iii *
~
•
- 100
::::>
"'tJ
"iii
Cl>
0 EI-437A
~ EI-437B
l} EI-617
-a
i:'l
:::0
Cl>
' >
0
0
400
'
500 60
I ,,
700 eooc A 0
BOO 1000 1200 1400 1600
Temperature, °F
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Alloy 718: Mat I. No. 2 Hastelloy X: Matl. No. 8
Initial stress, 60ksi (414 MN/m2 ) Initial stress, 30 ksi (207 MN/m 2 )
I
•,
60 - !I '-
"- -- - '--=--:~.:::
'
='' 'o
' - /', 100 h
400
'
' ''I '•, ''
'' ' ' '
'
"' \
'' \
\
''
' \
0
' \
10,000\h
\
\
\
\
\
..E - 300
..E
40' '- '-
'A I
I z z
.,; I ~ .,; ~
Ill I
.,; Ill .,;
-
...
Cll
I ll
1000 h1
I
• 200
Ill
...
Cll
ti -...
Cll
I ll
a
Ill
-...
Cll
I ll
,,"iiia
:II
,,"iii
:II
,,"iiia
:II
GI
20 GI ai: GI
ai: ai:
6poc 700~
I
0 0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
0
Temperature, °F Temperature, f
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lnconel X and lnconel X-550 ....
<O
0
/
-400 - 400 >rj
1200"F/ 1350°F (732°C) Cl.l
(649°~,!e
>-3
::a
i:'l
Cl.l
Cl.l
0 § I
::a
I/
"
/1
0 0
/(•) 0
0
i:'l
t'"
1oso°F I -
>
""'-(") I
-
..E ~
>-3
......
·;;; 40 40 t .cm ........ 0
~ 0
• • z z
.,.' 0
I ~ §Z
•• •
-"'Cll...
_,,.•
/ .. I
wi
"'Cll...
>-3
>
"'
0
::>
- 200
VI
" - 200
- "'
0
>rj
::a
i:'l
"'ti
·;;;
Cll
•
" M. "
0
::>
"'ti
a......
Cl!: 20 20 """
·;;; ~
" Cll
Cl!:
i:'l
::a
"a ......
-
"
M
" - 0 10 h
• 100 h
a>
t'"
" 1000 h t'"
0
~
Cl.l
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Nimonic BOA ( 0.15 or O. 2 % Strain)
-..."' ~
0
GI 0
0
0
0
0 "......_E t"'
"' 0 0
~ 0
200
0
0 I
8
200 0 - 200 z
t"'
0
0
:::)
0
0
0
0 I ~
><
Ul
0
0
"'O ~ 8 .,;
·;;; 0
-"'"...'
0 0
GI 'B 0 Cll
Cll: 20 0 20 20 • 0
0 I
0
0
0
0
§ D
:::)
0
0 - 100
"'O
·;;;
o-
0
~
~
I Cll
Cll:
Temperature, °F
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Aluminum Alloys
Somewhat limited numbers of tests are reported for each of a variety of alloy types:
Effect of the level of initial stress on residual stress for 336 hours is shown on page 522 for 1060-H 19
at test temperatures of 75, 212, and 300 deg. F ( 24, 100, and 149 deg. C).
Corresponding tests for 2014-T651 after 960 hare given on page 523 for the above three temperatures
plus 350 deg. F ( 177 deg. C ).
Pages 524 and 525 compare 10-hour and 1000-hour relaxation strengths for 2024-T4, 6061-T6511, and
7075-T73 over a range of temperatures between 75 and 500 deg. F ( 24 and 260 deg. C). Initial stress in all
instances was the yield strength at the test temperature. Results are compared for tests run by the step-down
method and using a stressing frame.
Among results not shown graphically, the following features are noted:
Compression stresses were relaxed for 1100 alloy, high-purity aluminum, 5083-Hlll, 6101-T6, and
7039-T6 (Mat!. No. 2,3,12,15-17); and bending stresses for 2014-T6 and 5052-H sheet, and for four cast
alloys(Matl. No. 4,11,21-25).
Results for Mat!. No. 10 (3003-0) cover one test each at room temperature under tension, torsion,
and combined tension plus torsion. Tests of cast alloy RR 59 ( Mat!. No. 26) were also run under combined
tension and torsion.
Tabulations for Mat!. No. 6 and 7 list a pair of short tests at 400 deg. F ( 204 deg. C) for 2024-T4
bar with and without 1. 9% plastic prestrain.
493
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1100
..
]
E
:>
c:
..
~
:>
Chemical composition, % by wt.
a
i
~ u.. u
~-
"'iii N
]
.... _~ ·- E >._
,::. ·- E 0 ,,,_ E
cli N
-
0
'<I"
'#
c0
'#
.,·
f! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0"'
c. "' "' <1>-" 2 ·--" 2 ~~z
~ 5! E 'C
~ "'"'
-a ~ ::!! ~ :;! "ic:
~
. ::!! ::!!
..
* t: c: c. -ci
....e
CD
::!! 0"' Si Fe Cu Mn Zn v Al I- 0
cc
Mo I- w
1 49
3 120
*Composition limits.
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~- .,
~ Residual stress, ~
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1060-H19
jj !
af! t5i
..·
~
Cl
'd"
..... 'IF-
E
"'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. N en N 'IF-
e'
::l
c: 8. ... (J
.........
~ ·- E ~·-NE>.-.......E
0 .......
c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0"'
~
::l
51 E
s~~ :;;
CD " ' ...... z ·- .... z -"'Z ~ .!2
s ::!! 'g ::!! c:::i ::!! ~
"'
~
"' c
... c:
"'
Q. c: -ci
....~ "'
0
::!! Cl Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p Al "'
I-
I-
w a:
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iiE 'If .."' Residual stress, ~
8
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
a\! =
"8 S.!
·-N
Initial
ksi
Final
g
u
~
~
"'c: ~
s Heat treatment
!. LL.
E "'"'
J!!"CI
.... e .. z
....
(,)
u ~CJ
Pre- stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. .
B
::!:
l!
0
t;
"'
I-
..
·-=
w
strain
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
336
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
'i;
w
1 49 Alloy 1060-H19. 212 9. 5 2.45 Tests using a loading frame.
100 65.5 16.9 Gage length 2-1/4 in. (57 mm) x
[Conclusion]. 7/16 in. (11 mm) diameter.
212 7. 5 2. 5
100 51. 7 17.2
212 5.0 1. 4
100 34.5 9. 6
212 3. 5 1. 45
100 24. 1 10. 0
300 10.0 2.55
149 69. 0 17.6
300 4.75 o. 55
149 32.8 3.8
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2014
....
!E e·
a.. ii
.. _
]
8. '; c; lo·-.. E § ·;;;~z ~ -
0
'<I'
;/!.
;/!.
!.
~:J
.. - ..
:J
c Chemical composition, % by wt. N - N N
c· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
>._ E
~ S! ! .g .g :a"',,. :::!!z ·-,,.
~ :::!!
~ .><Z
0
'ic 'O
.. l!!..
:i
:::!! 0 Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti p s .....,
t;
~
c.
...e
0 :::!!
w
0 .,
,;
a:
4 73 *[0.50 1. 0 3.9 0.40 0.2 0.10 0.25 0.15J
to to to to
1. 2 5.0 1. 2 0.8
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!E !?°
aI!
. Residual stress, ..
"'
c
..
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
8, IL (.)
"' ·-
:i
-g 8.! N
Initial
ksi
MN/m 2
Final B
u
.l!
c;; "'SI E i' .f Em z stress, stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
u~ CJ strain, ·;:;
'! .
f!
Heat treatment J!l"O
iw ksi 1 48 240 960 10,000 ksi h ·5
:i: c ! %
MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
u;
5 49 Alloy 2014-T651 75 66.4 62.1 60.3 59.8 57.2 2400 Specimens 7/16 in. (11 mm) dia.
Plate, 1 in. (25 mm) thick. 24 457. 8 428. 4.16. 412. 394. Residual stresses have been
Specimens sampled parallel to the scaled from a plot.
rolling direction. 75 46.3 45.6 45.3 45.2 44.3 43.6 2400
24 319.2 314.5 312. 311. 5 305.5 300.5
75 39.8 39.4 38.4 38.8 37.7 37.2
24 274.4 272. 265. 267.5 260. 256. 5
75 33.2 32.6 32.2 32.6 32.4 32.2 2400
24 228.9 225. 222. 225. 223. 222.
212 43.7 41. 9 38. 9 37.7 36.1 33.9 2400
100 301. 3 289. 268. 260. 249. 234.
212 37.4 35. 7 34.1 32.5 31. 6 28. 1
100 257. 9 246. 235. 224. 218. 194.
f Concluded on next page) I
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2024
..· cv CJ1
1iE
.,
!.
a! tiii
.... _
~
~
-
~
~
0
0
.. -
~-
..
N
::J
c l:! Chemical composition, % by wt. g_ IL (.J :> ·- E1 ·-NE
0 ,._ >,_ E c
N
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.g 'iii...... :ii
z ·- _,. z ~ .:.<Z 0
::J
;;; E .g"'"'
R
·;:
.
~
~
:!
c 5 :ii d :ii ·w,
a. c
0
.,
-0
:ii c c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ! i! e
a..
0
iii a:
5 49
7 K
8 x
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j ~- .. Residual stress, ~
,g
E
"
c
.
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ~8. ... u
..2
-50 ·i;; NE
Q. ....
Initial
ksi
MN/m 2
Final
"
.f
Em z ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ "Sl
.. !!!.. Heat treatment E .g
l!l "'"'
.g u ~CJ strain, stress, stress. time. ·;;
t;j
::!! Cl
.
'.;;
I-
..
-~
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
-9-10
h
alOO
h
*1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·;;;
iii
7 K 2024 bar, same material as above. 400 40,0 27.8 (16. 5) 15. 9 8.5
Strain plastically 1. 9% at 400 F 204 275.8 192. (114.) 109.6
( 204 C ), by momentary loading to
50 ksi ( 345 MN/m2 ).
-
t11
c:nn .,., 11 n
? 1
0
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2024
3003
...
-
c.n
.8E r£
t5i ]
0
'<t
*- ...
0
"! 5.
:::!: 0 Si Fe Mn Zn v p s ..
t; c
~
~
c.
e
:::!: d :::!: ·w.
c
0
0
-a
CD
Cu Mo I- I>. w a:
9 AB Room 85.7 71. 1 11. 13. Tensile specimens were held O. 5 h at
591. 490. test temperature before testing.
212 80.4 67.5 13. 16.
100 554. 465.
300 72.9 61. 3 14.5 24.
149 503. 423.
350 70.7 58.7 14.5 27.
177 487. 405.
400 60.6 56.9 13.5 37.
204 418. 392.
450 44.6 41.1 18. 50.
232 308. 283.
500 35.7 32.5 21. 5 59.
260 246. 224.
*Nominal composition.
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ff ,,;
.!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, i! "'
Residual stress, ~
B
., form and size, history of material. l! '; ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
"
:!
"'
c i:? !. ... (,) 1l s.~ MN/m 2
ii "'5l E "C z strain,
i' .g"' .!:!Em~CJ stress, stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.i Heat treatment l!l :g
.. c..
:E
!! ~
;:
I-
..
w
:;;
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h :a
w
9 AB 2024-T4 Room 71.1 66. 65. 64. 63 Stressing-frame method.
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter, extruded 490. 455. 448. 441. 434. Initial stress was 10o% or 60% of
rod. the yield strength at the test
Room 42.7 42. 41. 8 41. 5 41. 2 2400 temperature.
Same lot as Material No. 8. 294. 290. 288. 286. 284. Results have been scaled from a
212 67.5 61. 58. 56. 45. plot.
100 465. 421. 400. 386. 310.
212 40.5 38.6 37. 9 37. 2 36.3 2400
100 279. 266. 261. 256. 5 250.
300 61. 3 48. 34. 27. 22.
149 423. 331. 234. 186. 152.
300 36.8 31. 7 30. 8 27.0 19.6 2400
149 254. 219. 212. 186. 135.
400 56.9 22. 18. 12. 7. 5
204 392. 152. 124. 83. 52.
400 34.1 19.5 16.2 11. 8 6. 5 2400
204 235. 134. 112. 76. 45.
500 32.5 12. 5. 5 1. 0
260 224. 83. 38. 7. 0
500 19. 5 5.8 2.9 1. 7 0.8 2400
260 134. 40. 20. 12. 5. 5
10 45 Alloy 3003-0 (Annealed) Room 10.3 a8. 0 6.85 6.45 6.45 250 Tension loading of a thin-wall tube
71. 6 55.2 47.2 44.5 44.5 Gage section 1. 000 in. (25. 4 mm)
I. D. x O. 050 or O. 075 in. (1. 3 or
1. 9 mm) wall thickness.
Room ~5.12 4.5 4.2 4.0 250 Relaxation of shear stress in pure
35.3 31. 0 29.0 27.6 torsion of thin-wall tube.
Room 0
3.025 2.4 1. 85 Relaxation of axial tension under
20.9 16. 5 12.8 combined tension and torsion with
Sy/5 1 = -0.5
Axial strain and principal-stress
ratio maintained constant.
CJ1
8
a Axial tension -<>Shear stress in torsion.
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5052
5083
6061
...·
i!E .,
::J
r:;; l:! Chemical composition, % by wt .
~
e·
I!
15·
E .,, .,, t:
!_LL(.)
.,,
ii
]
·;n ~ ~·-NE
N
0 .. _
~ N
-*
0q-
r:;;'
*.,.;
:;;
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
., .... z ·- ""z > ·- E
<ii
'j
::J
~
~
! -! .g 'iii :=;;: ~ *"'- i
N..><Z
:=;;: d :=;;:
.9
0
t: r:;; Q. r:;; .,
,;
"' "' Pb t! ....e
0
:=;;: 0 Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Ni Zn Ti Al t! w a:
12 131 0. 13 0.25 0.09 0.75 4. 53 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.01 !Room 51. 7 39. 3 15. 8
356. 271.
13 x
Nominal composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e· .
..2
Residual stress,
s
~
12 131 5083-Hlll 77 0.317 26.7 26.1 26.0 26.0 25. 9 Relaxation of compression stress
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 25 184. 1 180.0 179.3 179.3 178.6 in cylinder 2. 5 in. (63. 5 mm) long,
with ends ground flat and parallel
77 0.327 30. 2 29.4 29.1 28.7 28.2 (.:_ 0. 0001 in. )
Com- 25 208.2 202.7 200.6 197.9 194.4
pression Extensometer precision about 10
250 0.3045 21. 6 19.9 18.1 17.2 15. 2 microinches/ inch.
121 148.9 137.2 124.8 118.6 104.8 Manual load reductions.
250 D.3025 24.75 22.6 20.4 18.9 16.8
121 170.6 155.8 140.6 130. 3 115. 8
01
0
01
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6061
6101
.,·
i!E
,.c e
e·
a tS
.... _
]
~ -
0
"'"
';/!.
';/!.
""0
O>
.. - !f..
CD
Chemical composition, % by wt. f LL CJ N 1j N N
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
,. !. i"'
:> ·- E 6 ·;; -E >._ E c·
Oi SI i .g CD-"z ·--"
i
z ~ .><Z 0
-~ 0
"i l!!.. ii
'ii
c
:E :E c:i ::i;
"'0c "ti
~ ....e
CD
:E 0 Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr v Zn Be I- iii cc
14 AB Room 43.9 40.1 19.2 63. Tensile specimens were held 0. 5 h at test
303. 276. temperature before testing.
212 40.8 38.1 20.0 63.
100 281. 263.
300 37.6 36.2 22. 68.
149 259. 250.
350 35.2 34.4 23. 5 71.
177 243. 237.
400 32.8 32.1 23. 73.
204 226. 221.
450 28.3 27.6 23. 73.
232 195. 190.
500 23.4 22.3 20.5 56.
260 161. 154.
15 131 0.46 0,10 0.01 0.003 0.53 0.001 0.03 0.015 Room 35, 5 35.5 15.5
245. 231.
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j Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e· · .
:J Residual stress, ~
su
E
:J
c
.,
~
form and size, history of material. ~8. .... u '8 s.~:; ·- N
Initial
ksi
Final
,£!!
Total
E i' "' e .. z
:J MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. ..
~ S? strain, stress, stress. time, ·.:;
~ Heat treatment l!l 't1 .g u CJ
!
:!:
'; i 'i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h 'i
0 I- iii MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 iii
15 131 6101-T6 77 0.297 28.8 28.2 27.8 27.1 25. 9 Relaxation of compression stress
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 25 198.6 194.4 191. 7 186.8 178.6 in cylinder 2. 5 in. (63. 6 mm) long,
Aged 6 h at 400 F ( 204 C ). with ends ground flat and parallel
Com- 77 0.301 25. 41 25.3 25. 0 24.6 23.9 (.:!:_ O. 0001 in. )
pression 25 175.2 174.4 172.4 169.6 164.8
Extensometer precision was about
250 0.300 22.0 20. 2 19.0 16.8 12.1 10 microinches/ inch.
121 151. 7 139.3 131. 0 115. 8 83.4 Manual load reductions.
250 0.3065 24.35 21. 6 20. 0 17.6 12.2 10.85 1500
121 167.9 148.9 137.9 121. 4 84.1 74.8
C11
0
-.:i
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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7039-16
e ..
:
-
0 c.n
.8E
. a., t5i ] o:t
ae.
0
CX>
...e
::!: c:i ::!:
w
c
0 .
,;
cc
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
2!° .. Residual stress, ~
su
ii
., form and size, history of material. '"8. LL U "c
~ •E
Initial
ksi
Final
.f
"c l:! ., .,
~.SE strain, MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
'j ~"ii!
<ii E "'"' stress, stress, time, ·c:;
Heat treatment ,ei:w
.,..
i:I
~ :a % ksi 2 25 100 400 10,000 ksi h ·='"
'" 0'"
:!: I- ;: MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 iii
16 49 7039-T6 75 0.5 43.9 42.8 42.4 41. 0 48 Sampled in the long transverse
Plate O. 5 to 3. 0 in. (13 to 76 mm) 24 12.7 302. 7 295. 292. 283. direction.
thick. Relaxation in a loading frame,
212 0.5 43.9 39.4 36.2 34. 7 30. 2 29.9 800 using 1/8 in. (3. 2 mm) diameter
100 12.7 302. 7 272. 249. 5 239. 208. 206.
specimens.
212 3.0 42.7 33.2 30.2 28.8 800 Data have been scaled from a plot.
100 76. 294.4 229. 208. 198.5
17 49 7039-T6 E132 75 1. 5 42.4 40.2 37. 3 39.0 48 Sampled in the long transverse
Plate O. 5 to 2. 0 in. (13 to 51 mm) 24 38. 292.3 277. 257. 269. direction.
thick. Relaxation in a loading frame,
212 0.5 44.7 34.6 31.4 29.7 800 using 1/8 in. (3. 2 mm) diameter
100 12.7 308. 2 238.5 216.5 205. specimens.
212 0.625 43.7 35.4 30. 3 28.3 800 Data have been scaled from a plot.
100 16. 301. 3 244. 209. 195.
212 1. 5 42.4 37.2 34.0 32. 4 29.8
100 38. 292.3 256. 5 234. 5 223. 205.5
212 2.0 43.0 34. 6 30. 7 29.0 800
100 51. 296. 5 238. 5 212. 200.
C11
0
"'
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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7075-173
.... ....
e·
-*
0 t11
.8E ., a tii N
~ ul
~
*...e
0
.. - ..
Chemical composition, % by wt . I! N
c" LL U
~·-NE
0 .. _ >._ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"'"' e·;;!
~ E c·
ii "Sl !! .g .g .,,,., z ·- "'z
5 ~ .><Z
0
'ic 'O
. a..
j
::E
fl
c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s .,
';;;
I-
~
c
~
::E
Q.
£
::E 0 ::E
0
w
~.,
a:
18 AB Room 76.9 68.5 11. 5 34. Tensile specimens were held 0. 5 h at test
530. 472. temperature before testing.
212 68.8 64.7 15. 42.
100 474. 446.
300 57.3 54.3 21. 53.
149 395. 374.
350 49.8 46.8 25.5 63.
177 343. 323.
400 39. 0 35. 9 25.5 74.
204 269. 248.
450 28.7 26.7 25. 79.
232 198. 184.
500 20.4 18.2 33. 86.
260 141. 125.
19 x
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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j e· ,,; Residual stress, ~
E
::I
c
.,
!!
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
af!
g_ ... tJ
=
::I
,_N
-g s. !
Initial
ksi
Final B
u
.fl
MN/m 2 ~
.g -~E~ z strain, stress,, Relaxation·test procedure and comments
~ ~ E .g
"'"' stress, time, ·c:;
!
"'
:::!!
:i
c"'
Heat treatment
-
l!I
;
I-
!w
.... CJ
% ksi
MN/m 2
l 1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
•t;
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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7075-17351
.. c..i-
.......
-
C11
!!'
!E ., ~ ~
a
.... _
ii ....-
111.
.-
f <Ii 111.
Chemical composition,% by wt . N N
"
r::. ~ 8_ LL t.l :;, ·- E
~0 ·-, .E
_ > .. E
E Z' 2' ., ... z ·- ... z ~ ... z
r::.· ~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ "5! !l 'D 'D
.2
0
:::!: ~
..
l!!
;
~
c.
:::!: c:i :::!: ir::. .,
,;
:::!:
20 49
c
* Cu Mg
*[1. 6 2.5
Cr
0.3
Zn
5. 6]
Ni Mo v p s ~
*Room
~
67.7
....e
55.1 10.3
w
0
a:
466.8 380.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E e· ... Residual stress, ~
:i
c "'~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
aI!
8. u.. (.J
=
:i
"8 s.~
·-N
Initial
ksi
Final 2u
:!
:i E.,..,. Et:, z MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress, time,
~ SI Heat treatment B .g .g u - C!' strain, ·;;
't;
B
"'
!!! t: 'i % ksi 2 20 200 2,000 10,000 ksi h
"'
~ "'
0 "'
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
20 49 7075-T7351 Room o. 58 60.0 57.1 56.2 52. 5 51. 1 Specimens had been prestressed
Plate 2. 5 in. (63. 5 mm) thick 413. 7 394. 387.5 362. 352. in a universal testing machine to
Fully aged + stress relieved. the desired initial stress and im-
Room 60.0 55.4 52.8 mediately unloaded, prior to beilll!
413. 7 382. 364. placed in a loading frame for the
Room 0.52 53. 7 50.9 50.6 49. 1 48.9 relaxation test.
370. 2 351. 349. 338. 5 337. Specimens were 1/8 in. (3. 2 mm)
diameter.
Room 53. 7 50.9
370. 2 351.
Room 53. 7 48.1
370. 2 331. 5
Room 0.46 47.4 45.6 44.8 44.6 43. 6
326.8 314.5 309. 307. 5 300. 5
Room 47.4 42.6
326.8 294.
Room 47.4 44.7
326.8 308.
Room 0.40 40.8 37. 6 40.1
281. 3 259. 276.5
Room 0.39 40. 5 39. 9 38.6
279. 2 275. 266.
Room 0.26 26.9 26.5 26.3 25.8 25.4
185. 5 183. 181. 178. 175.
Room o. 17 17.8 17. 3 17.3 17.8 17.1
122.7 119. 119. 123. 118.
Room o. 105 10. 8 10.8 10.3 10. 5
74.5 74.5 71. 72.5
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Cast 122
... c..s-
.!E 2!"
a~ tiii
.... _
]
cJi -* *.,...
"':>!:? !. u.. (,J p._ E ii
.-
Chemical composition, % by wt. N N
:>
r::.
·u;!
z ·-6 ....
N
>._ E r::."
:a
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
ii 5i $E .g .g :;;., .... :ii!
"'"' z ~ .... z .5!
0
"j ~ ir::.
. c..
:ii!
!!
Fe Cu Mg Al Ni Mo v p s ;
.....
r::.
....."'
c.
...e
:ii! d :ii!
w
0 .,
i:i
a:
•Nominal composition.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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j Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e· ...
::J
Residual stress,
s
~
E
::J
c "'!! form and size, history of material. ~8. ... (.J
3
"8 S.!
.-N
Initial
ksi
Final u
~
! .f .f 'ie ..~CJz
::J MN/m 2 stress, l;- Relaxation-test procedure and comments
time,
~ SI Heat treatment u
strain, stress, ·c:;
s., 5.,
::!: 0
'.:
"'
I-
.
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h 'i.,
iii
21 55 Cast 122 alloy. 437 34.02 18.7 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930F(500C), air cool. 225 234.6 129. 1/16 in. (1. 6 mm) x 1/4 in. (6. 4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 30.78 17.0 10. 7 Data have been scaled from a plot
225 212.2 117. 74.
437 26.28 14.4 9. 5
225 181. 2 99. 65.5
437 20.00 10.7 6.0
225 137.9 74. 41. 5
437 14.05 10.3 8.3 4.8
225 96.9 71. 57. 33.
437 9.96 6.7 4.2
225 68.7 46. 29.
437 7.36 4.2 2. 5
225 50.7 29. 17.
437 7.00 5.4 4.0 2.4
225 48.3 37. 27.5 16.5
437 4.01 2. 1 1. 1
225 27.6 14.5 7. 5
482 14.02 8.4 5.4 ( 1. 0)
250 96.7 58. 37. ( 7. )
482 10.08 3.5
250 69.5 24.
482 7. 35 2.3
250 50.7 16.
482 7.00 4.2 2.55
250 48.3 29. 17.5
482 4.00 1. 7
250 27.6 12.
....
tn
tn
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A132
195
356
... c<I'
-*
CJ1
] 2t tg ]
......
E . aI!
.... _ <Ji *~- °'
- 'i ..
N
Chemical composition,% by wt . g_ u..u to ·- E ~0 .. _
N
23 55 *[4. Bal.]
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
2!'
a..
~
"' Initial
Residual stress, .
su
.,u Final
"'c: :;
form and size, history of material.
8. . . (.) "8"5 ·-IS.~
N ksi
MN/m 2
~
~
E f .g""
E°b z stress. time, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ SI Heat treatment ~,, u .. C!1 strain,
stress, ·c:;
..
~
::!!
~
Cl
'ii
I-
·a
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
't:
w
22 55 Cast Al32 alloy. 437 14.0 8.3 5.4 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930 F ( 500 C ), air cool. 225 96.5 57. 37. 1/16 in. (1. 6 mm) x 1/4 in. ( 6. 4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 7.0 4.2 2.7 1. 1 Data have been scaled from a plot.
225 48.3 29. 18.5 7.6
482 14.0 5.3 2.7
225 96.5 36.5 18.5
482 7.0 2.6 1. 2
250 48.3 18. 8.3
23 55 Cast 195 alloy. 437 14.0 8.0 ( 1. 8) Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930 F ( 500 C ), air cool. 225 96.5 55. (12. 5) 1/16 in. ( 1. 6 mm) x 1/4 in. ( 6. 4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
435 7.0 4.7 Data have been scaled from a plot.
225 48.3 32. 5
482 14.0 2.6
250 96.5 18.
482 7.0 2.6
250 48.3 18.
24 55 Cast 356 alloy. 437 14.0 8.5 5.6 2.9 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
930 F( 500C ), air cool. 225 96. 5 58.5 38.5 20. 1/16 in. (1. 6 mm) x 1/4 in. ( 6. 4
mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 7.0 3.8 2. 5 ( 1. 3)
Data have been scaled from a plot.
225 48.3 26. 17. ( 9. 0)
482 14.0 5.4 2.8
250 96.5 37. 19.
482 7.0 2.6 1. 2
250 48.3 18. 8.3
25 55 Cast 356 alloy. 437 14.0 6.8 4.0 Fixed 3-point bending of a beam
1000 F( 540C ), 2 h, quench in 250 96.5 47. 27.5 1/16 in. ( 1. 6 mm) x 1/4 in. ( 6. 4
boiling water. mm) x 12 in. (305 mm).
437 7.0 3.2 1. 8 Data have been scaled from a plot.
250 48.3 22. 12.4
482 14.0 4.2
250 96. 5 29.
482 7. 0 1 8
....
c.n
_,
250 48.3 12.4
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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RRS9
... ....00
-
0 <:11
j !?° ~
~
oo:t
i! "#.
E ., !ii"'
e ... <..> ~·;;~ uj "#. .;
..e
N N
Chemical composition, % by wt . ~·-NE
"'c i:! !. ... g> 0 .. _ >._ E 0c Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
ii "'5l j.g.., :;; :E ·-~ ... :Ez ~~2 'i
., ... 2
0
"i
:;;
:E
..
l!!
0 Si Fe Cu Mg Ni Ti Al p i
s I-
!ii
I- e
Q.
0..
d :E c
w
0 .,
.,;
a:
-
•Nominal composition.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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.!E e· .,.· Residual stress, ~
-
t11
co
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
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Soviet Types
e ... a<I"
1iE
.. ~
~·
"'iii
] -ae. ae.
.,·
c
::J
o;
·;:
..
~
::J
~
Chemical composition, % by wt . f! LL (.)
e ·en~ 1._ E >._.. E c·
N
0 .,_
c/i
-
N
!8. .g"' .g"' :;;...... ::!:z ·-~ .... ::!:z ~c:i ,,.z 0
:::E 'i
\!!
"'
'O
..
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:i
::!:
:a"'
a Mg Zn Al Cr Ni Mo v p s ..
t:
I-
iii
I-
CL
!1
0.. w
0
c -0
a:
•Nominal composition.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
~-
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, ~
M
:I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
~
., form and size, history of material. f! '; ·- N ksi "
~
:I
8. u. 0 "8 a.~
...c:
·;:
:::!
:I
5! Heat treatment $E .g
"'"'
Eo0 z
.g u ~Cl strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, .~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ ..
l9 .,
t; ~w % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h .,"
·~
28 13 Soviet alloy A Ts M 284 52.2 37.0 32.6 31. 2 32 Results have been scaled from a
140 360. 255. 225. 215. plot of residual stress vs. time.
320 52.2 33.4 28.3 24.7 32
160 360. 230. 195. 170.
356 52.2 29. 21. 0 16.0 32
180 360. 200. 145. 110.
392 52.2 21. 8 13.8 10.2 32
200 360. 150. 95. 70.
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()
0
s::
'd
.....
t"'
>
~
.....
0
z
1060-H19 336 hours All Material No. 1 0
>tj
rn
~
::0
t'l
rn
/
rn
I
::0
t'l
0 t"'
0 >
16
~
·;;;
0
0
0
100 . E
-...._
~
.....
0
z
..M z ~
111' ~ ~
-.
Ill 0
111' >
-.
Cll Ill >tj
I ll Cll 0
::0
Ill
D t'l
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.....
·;;; ;::)
oc zt'l
/
50
Cll
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OF
t'l
DI: 75 24
Cll
DI:
0
C?
• 212 100 ~
"' 300 149 >
t"'
t"'
0
><:
rn
150
0
24
Initial stress, ksi
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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ALUMINUM ALLOYS 523
60..---~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--r~~-.,,..----,
240h
400
·;;; 40
..E
......_
.M
z
.,,.n ~
-
.,,...
GI
D •
200
.,,.n
-.,,...
GI
::>
~ "' D
·;;; ::> Temperature
GI ~
~ 20 ·;;;
GI
OF ·c
~ 0 75 24
• 212 100
* "' 300 149
* * 350 177
01--~~~1....1....~~~---'~-'-~~-'-~~---'--'-~~~--'0
20 40 60
Initial stress, ksi
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Relaxation by step-down vs. stressing- frame methods from yield stress at test temperature
Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
9 8 14 13
8 9 8 8 13 13 14
98 9 8 1314 14 13 14
8 9 13 14
8 9 8 9 9 13 14 13 14 13
14 (")
9 8
9 13 14 0
s::
'ti
.....
t"'
0 >
>-i
l;f .....
1 • 0
z
60 60 0
400 400
"'
0
tll
l;f >-i
::0
t"l
..E
tll
tll
I
::0
t"l
en'
~
>-i
.....
:::' 40 40
-..."'"'
0
-"'
... 0
GI
GI z
i l;f t:l
0
• 0
>
>-i
D
~ ;) >
•
l;f
200 0 200
"ti
·;;;
GI
"'
0
::0
a: t"l
a.....z
20
• I
• 20 • t"l
t"l
I
0 I
0
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z
- I 0
2024-T4 6061-T6511 • >
I t"'
l;f
• t"'
0
• i)> ...::
I tll
0
I
0
0 lOOC 2001 l 0 0
0 lOOC 200 •• 0
100 300 500 100 300 500
Temperature, °F Temperature, °F
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Material Numbers Corresponding to Points Below
1819 19 19
19 18 19 18 18
T.8
1819 19 18 19
19 18 19
18 18
d}
60
..
400
>
• 0
..E t"'
c:::
·;;; ....... ES
~ z ~
40 ~
"'......cu •
...cu"'
ii::
-...
0
~
-......
>
t"'
t"'
~
:I Relaxation method CJ.l
0
200 0
""O :I Step-dawn Stressing frame
·;;; ""O
cu ·;;; 10 h: ~ 0
GI: cu
GI: 1,000 h: • •
20 •
I ~
7075-173 •
I
i
•
I ~
0'
0
0
100
lOOC
300
2opl
•
500
0
0
Temperature, f
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Copper Alloys
Data are presented in tabular form only. Types of alloys are listed below, together with an indication
of test methods employed:
527
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...
]
E
:I
c: "'~:I Chemical composition, % by wt.
!.
a.. ~-
8. '; ~ ....
"'
c:
Ol
_ >·-.. -
N
~ ·- E
]
~·-NE
0 .,_
Cl) N
E
-
Cl
-.!'
;,e.
c:·
;,e.
..
~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
;;;
·;: Si ! -8 -8 'ic:
"'-" z ·--" z
i5c.
~ -"Z
0
'1ii 0
..l!! l!!.
::!!; Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ;
I- ~
::!!;
....e
::!!; 0 ::!!;
"'c:
0
iii
,;
"'
0::
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~- .,.·
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
.8.
a -= Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
:J
c:
Q)
~
form and size, history of material.
u. (J
::::J ·-
] S. E
N
ksi "
~
-.; :J
E iii'"' Eco 2 strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: 5! Heat treatment s,, ~ -~ ~ "(j
. .
21
::!;
!l
0
'<;;
Q)
I-
~
w
C!J
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h .
·~
w
1 17 Hard-drawn copper wire, 0. 204 in. Room 16.60 29.2 25.7 24.2 22.7 Specimen gage section 20 in. (508
(5. 2 mm) diameter. 201.3 177.2 166.8 156. 5 mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm)
Annealed 1060 F ( 570 C ), 2 h, in a 14.52 27.2 23.9 diameter.
Room 22.4 20.8
hydrogen atmosphere. 187.5 164.8 154.4 143.4
Room 10.46 23.4 20.6 19.6 18.4
161. 3 142. 135. 127.
Room 8.56 21. 95 19.2 18. 1
151. 3 132. 5 125.
Room 7.62 19.85 17.6 16.8 16.0
136.9 121. 116. 110.
Room 7.11 19.33 17.0 16.2
133.3 117. 112.
Room 5.13 17.2 15. 3 14.6 13.8
118. 6 105. 5 101. 95.
Room 4.58 15. 66 13.7 13.0
108.0 94.5 89.6
Room 3.85 14.04 12.4 11. 7
96.8 85. 5 80. 7
Room 2.43 11. 86 10.5 10.1
81. 8 72.4 69.6
Room 1. 62 9.75 8.6 8.2
67.2 59.3 56. 5
Room 1. 32 8.61 7.6 7.2 6.8
59.4 52.4 49.6 46.9
Room 0.75 7.45 6. 5 5.3
51. 4 44.8 36.5
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.,·
e·
- ....-
Cl CJ1
] oj;' v °"
a~ "'
] *- 0
E en
"'
c "'~
51"'
Chemical composition, % by wt. !. ... u
gt~
E ...,
..
~ N
.,_E
t> ·- ~·-NE
0 .,_
., .... z ·--" z
>._
N
~ -"Z.-
E
*-
c'
0
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
iO
-~ .. !I ...,
'iii ::!: 'g ::!:
c. ci ::!: "ic 0
-c:i
::!:
10
Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ;i
I- ~ e
CL.
0
w "'
a:
2 17
3 17
4 17
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
a -=
. Initial
Residual stress,
Final .9u
::I·-
8."' u.. (.) ]EioS. ZE
N
::J Q) form and size, history of material. ksi .:!
c ::! MN/m 2
""iii ::J
stress, stress, time, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
strain,
·;: si Heat treatment sE -c"'"'
CD
-c
Q)
u ~ (!) ·;:;
s
"'
5 t: 'i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
·~
"'
:ii "'
Cl ~ w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 iii
2 17 Same as Material No. 1. Room 3.85 14.04 12.4 11. 7 Specimen gage section 20 in. (508
Prestretched 3. 23% at room tern- 96.8 85.5 80.7 mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm)
perature. diameter.
Room 3.42 13.20 11. 9 11. 3
91. 0 82.0 77.9
Room 3.47 12.26 11. 2 10.8
84.5 77.2 74.5
Room 3.11 10.03 9.4 9.0
69.2 64.8 62.1
Room 3.29 7.83 7.5 7.2
54.0 51. 7 49.6
Room 3.27 5. 46 5.3 5.1
37.6 36. 5 35. 2
Room 3.25 3.43 3.3 3.1
23.6 22.8 21. 4
3 17 Same as Material No. 1. Room 11. 62 19. 79 18.5 17.6 Specimen gage section 20 in. ( 508
Prestretched 11. 47% at room 136. 4 127.5 121. mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm)
temperature. diameter.
Room 11. 57 14.75 14.0 13. 5
101. 7 96. 5 93.
Room 11. 52 7.94 7.6 7.3
54.7 52.4 50.5
4 17 Same as Material No. 1. Room 15. 39 31. 0 27.4 26.2 24.7 Specimen gage section 20 in. (508
1Annealed1200F(650C), 3/4hin 213. 7 189. 181. 170. mm) long x 3/16 in. (4. 8 mm)
nitrogen; diameter.
Prestretched 4, 7, 10, or 17% at Room 10.42 25. 3 22.2 21. 3
room temperature before testing 174.4 153. 147.
for relaxation. Room 7.62 19.85 17.7 16.8 16.0
136.9 122. 116. 110.
Room 10.46 15. 25 14.8 14.3
105. 1 102. 98.6
Room 4.52 15. 85 14.2 13. 6
109. 3 97.9 93. 8
[Concluded on next page].
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~· 0
i
1iE a..
~-
"'c:
] -
-=!"
<f.
..0..·
cJi <f.
::J
c: "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. ... (.) ~ ·;; !. ~·-NE
O> N N
c.
.. -
::!!;
~~z
d ::!!;
.."'
0
·;;
c: ..;
::!!; 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ;i
I- ~ ...
~
w
0
"'
cc
4 17
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~-
~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, .2 Residual stress, g
E ., form and size, history of material. ~ ::I·- N
Initial Final
"
:J
c:
:;"
g_u..u -ge ..s. ~z ksi
MN/m 2
.:?
?: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
stress,
~ 5! Heat treatment E "'"'
$ ~ .g CJ~" strain, stress, time, ·c:;
•t;
$ ~ ·~
"'
::!: "'
Cl
.,
~ .!!!
w
% ksi 1
h
10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
iii
I- MN/m 2 h h h h MN/m 2
4 17 [Conclusion]. Room 14.81 14. 18 13. 7 13.4 12.9
97.8 94.5 92. 89.
Room 3.95 12.07 11. 5 11. 1
83.2 79.5 76.5
356 10.9 22.1 15.7 13. 5
180 152.4 108. 93.
356 7.45 19.2 14.4 12.4 9.6
180 132. 4 99. 85.5 66.
356 9.92 16.19 14.2 12.2
180 111. 6 98. 84.
356 7.57 14.94 12.8 10.9
180 103. 0 88. 75.
356 4.47 13.8 10.4 9.2
180 95.1 71. 7 63. 4
356 3.99 12.2 10.2 8.9 6.4
180 84.1 70.3 61. 4 44.1
428 7.49 18.1 12.4 9.8 6.6
220 124.8 85.5 67.7 45.5
514 7.49 16.18 8.6 5.9 2.7
268 111. 6 59.3 40.7 18.6
572 7.49 15. 28 8.0 4.2 1. 8
300 105.4 55.2 29.0 12.4
626 15. 40 19.8 6.0 0.6
330 136.5 41. 4 4.1
626 7.49 14. 35 6.3 3.0 0.9
330 98.9 43.4 20.7 6.2
626 4.47 11. 2 5.2 2.6 0.9
330 77.2 35.9 17.9 6.2
626 15. 39 8.46 4.8 0.1
330 58.3 33.1 0.7
626 4.47 8.36 4.9 2.5
330 57.6 33.8 17.2
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e· ~ 0
~
E ., a.. ii N
]
~ ~
o<t
......
;,e.
;,e.
~-
::I
r::.
c;;
:::!
::I
~
Chemical composition, % by wt.
8. '; ~
!-fl-!
~-0~ ~·-NE
.,.,,. z ·-.,,.
0 ........
>._ E
~
z ..><Z........
r::.·
0
-~
..
'O
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;: ~ ::?: ~ .,,r::.
..
l!l
::?:
~
0 Cu Cd Si Cr Ni Mo v p s ii
I-
r::.
~
c.
e
a..
::?: 0 ~
w
0 .,
-c:i
cc
5 120
6 120
7 120
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e
il
..
::i
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
g
~
E
::i
"'~ form and size, history of material. ~ -; ·- N
(.) °8 S. E
!. u.
ksi ~"
c:
iij
·;:
::i
Si Heat treatment Ei' "' E'b z
strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·c:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
!.. ..
::?;
:I
0
~
.."'
!"'-! ·~" .... C!)
I-
..
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
•t;
6 120 Same as Material No. 5, but was 75 31. 5 25.2 (24. 2) Relaxation of compression.
prestrained 13. 9% in compression. 24 217.2 174. (167.) Data have been scaled from a plot.
7 120 Same as Material No. 5, but was 75 35. 2 28.2 (26. 2) Relaxation of compression.
prestrained 18. 1% in compression 24 242.7 194. 5 (180. ~ ) Data have been scaled from a plot.
10 40 Cadmium copper wire, 0. 0201 in. 76 15. 0 10.0 8.4 7.5 7.2 30,000 Tested by frequency method.
(0. 51 mm) diameter. Annealed. 24 103.4 68.9 57.9 51. 7 49.6
Tested after simulated wrapping
which imparted two twists per inch 76 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.0 30,000
of length. 24 34.5 31. 7 29.6 27. 6
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.8E
::l
c: "'!:?
::l
Chemical composition, % by wt.
-*
0
'<t
c:·
*..
~ Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
0"'
0
~ IX ·;:
s l9 "'"'0c: .,;
"'
:::!: "'
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p
w a:"'
11 40 Room 34. 7 •15.1 *2a. a
239. 2 104.
13 114
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!!. .,
~
E .. Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a :I
Initial
Residual stress,
Final s
form and size, history of material. f! .:?"
-; ·- N
:I
°8 S. E ksi
~
c: :::!
:I
~ Heat treatment
G>U..U
~i~ EID z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ?;
·u Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. ..
2!
::!!
!!
Cl
!!
"C "C
...,
I-
..
CJ
·~
w
!= "
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
11 40 Electrolytic tough pitch copper wire 76 14.1 12.0 • 8.4 6.9 30,00C Tested by frequency method.
0. 0201 in. (O. 51 mm) nominal dia- 24 97.2 82.7 57.9 47.6
meter.
76 10.0 *7_ 0 5.3 30,00C
Annealed.
24 68.9 48.3 36.5
76 8.0 *5.3 4.6 30,00C
24 55.2 36.5 31. 7
76 6.0 *4.6 3. 5 30,00C
24 41. 4 31. 7 24.1
76 5.0 *4. 0 3.1 30,00C
24 34.5 27.6 21. 4
12 40 Electrolytic tough pitch copper, 85 14.1 14.0 10.2 7.9 7 .1 22,500 Tested by frequency method.
silver plated. 29 97.2 96. 5 70.3 54. 5 49.0
Wire, 0. 0201 in. (0. 51 mm) nominal
diameter. 85 12.0 8.9 6.8 6.1 22,500
Annealed. 29 82.7 61. 4 46.9 42. 1
85 10. 0 7. 1 5.7 4.8 22,500
29 68.9 49.0 39. 3 33.1
85 8.0 5.7 4.6 4.2 22,500
29 55.2 39.3 31. 7 29.0
85 6. 0 4.2 3.5 3.2 22,500
29 41. 4 29.0 24.1 22.1
85 5.0 3.5 2.8 2.5 22,500
29 34.5 24.1 19.3 17.2
13 114 Soviet grade M2 Room 7.11 7.0 6.7 6.6 300 1.12 Ul\flP-10 tester; tension.
Vacuum annealed 1020 F ( 550 C ) , 2 h 49.0 48.0 46.1 45.6 Gage section 0. 20 in. (5 mm) dia.
x 3. 9 in. (100 mm) long.
• 3, 000 h.
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..
.8E
:I
c "'
!! Chemical composition, % by wt.
2!'
a.
.. u. u
ts N
~
;: ·;; ! ~0 ·-.. E
_
~ N
>.-!
-* *..
0
'<t
c·
~
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
:I
!. "' "' ...... z
.§ .g .g 'iii :lE ~ :lE ~~z
·- .... z 0
~ Sl 'ic 'O
.. ..
!l
::p;
23
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s
t:
~ ~
c Q.
e
Cl.
c::i :lE
0
w
-a
a:"'
14 47
15 47
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.8E it Initial stress, Residual stress, ~
15 47 Same lot as Material No. 14. 482 6.72 2.24 3.70 3. 02 2.68 2.52 8.33 Thin-wall tubular specimens with
752 F ( 400 C ), 1 h, furnace cool. 250 46.3 15.4 25. 5 20.8 18.5 17.4 O. 50 in. (12. 7 mm) I. D. x 0.030
in. (O. 76 mm) wall thickness.
482 4.48 2.98 3. 23 2.83 2.33 2. 03 8.33 Shear strain maintained fixed by
250 30.9 20.5 22.2 19. 5 16. 1 14.0 manual reduction of shear load,
482 2.74 3.43 3. 08 2.51 2. 14 1. 98 8.33 with axial load reduced in pro-
250 18.9 23.6 21. 2 17.3 14.8 13.7 portion.
Residual stresses are given as
482 1. 34 3.36 2.82 1. 91 8.33 octahedral shear stress:
250 9.27 23. 2 19. 5 13. 2
r0 =..f2(T2 + 3 S2)Yi , where
482 1. 34 3.36 2.82 2. 31 2. 02 1. 89 8.33 3
250 9.27 23. 2 19. 5 15.7 13.9 13. 0
T =tensile stress;
S = torsion shear stress.
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e· ...
1!E .,
:>
c: l::? Chemical composition, % by wt .
..
i3 tc:
8. '; c; .... _
G> N en
>._
]
iij N N
-
0
"""
;fl.
'#
...
..f! Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
z 6 "in~
t:; ·- E E c:"
.."'
:>
E ., ., z ~-=z
0
~ SI ! "'O "'O
., .><
~
·- .>< ·;::;
0
.. ..
2l
::!!!
~
0 Sn Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v p s
....,. 'iii
.,
c:
I- e
:;;!
::!!!
c.
::!!! ::!!!
c:
0 .,
-0
a:
I- a. w
16 37
17 37
18 37 5.
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~ Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~-
~ .=
.. Residual stress,
B
~
17 37 Same lot as Material No. 16. Room 129.6 126.6 125.5 500 Test in tension.
1435-1455F(780-790C), water 893.4 872.8 865. 4 Data have been scaled from a plot.
quench;
610F(320C), 2h.
Room 129.6 127.6 127.2 500 Test in bending.
893. 4 879.8 877.1
18 33 Phosphor bronze, Alloy A. 80 120.0 115. 7 112. 7 109.3 105.4 Wire loop method.
Spring temper. 27 827.4 797.7 777.0 753. 6 726.7 Listed stresses are maximum
Wire, 0. 0226 in. (0. 57 mm) diamete stress in bending.
80 100.0 97.5 97. 95.7 93. 9
27 689.5 672.2 668.8 659.8 647.4
80 81. 0 80. 79.5 78.4 76.5
27 558.5 551. 6 548. 540. 5 527.4
80 67.0 65. 64.5 64. 62.8
. 27 461. 9 448. 444.7 441. 433 .
I I
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.·
iiE
:I
c "'!:! Chemical composition, % by wt.
e·
~!. u. u
tiii
.... _N
l:I ·- E
]
~·-NE
c4
0 . , _ >._ E
E CD CD ...... z ·- .... z *-"'-
N
-
0
'<I'
?f.
c
?f.
~- Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
;;; :I
N_,.z
0 "'
·;: SI l!! -! .g :;; ::!: ~ 'ic 0
..
l!!
::!:
~
0 Sn Ni Cu Cr Mo v p s
t:
i!!
c
i!!
c.
e
a..
::!: d ::!:
0
iii
i
a:
19 34 5. 70 65. 6 139. 4 •i.1
21 452. 961.
*%/10 in. (254 mm). aNominal composition. *o. 01% Offset Yield strength.
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] e ." Residual stress,
s
E
"
c:
.
~
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material. ~8. ... u "8 S.!
:i ·-
e .. z
N
Initial
ksi
MN/m 2
Final u
.:!!
l: Relaxation-test procedure and comments
c;;
"S! E .g
!l "'"'
-! _g ~CJ strain, stress, stress, time, ·;;
~
.
·;:
:::?;
.,
:i
0
Heat treatment
;;
...."'
.,
t:
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h "i
w
19 34 ASTM B 159-64. 80 17. 2 88.5 86.8 85. 5 80.6 78.8 3 5,00( Cantilever bend method.
Phosphor bronze, Alloy A. 27 118.6 610.2 598.5 589. 5 556. 543. Listed stresses are the maximum
gpring temper. stress in bending.
150 88.5 76.6 72.0
0. 009 in. (0. 23 mm) diameter. 66 610.2 528. 496.
As received.
170 88.5 73.4 68.8 66.4 3 5,00C
77 610.2 506. 474. 5 458.
215 88.5 71. 7 67.8 61. 1
102 610.2 494. 5 467.5 421.
270 88.5 50.9
132 610.2 351.
20 34 Same lot as Material No. 19. 80 94. 7 94.5 94. 2 (93. 7) Cantilever bend method.
Mechanically straightened in dies 27 652.9 651. 6 649.5 (646.) Listed stresses are the maximum
rotating 7500 RPM while the wire stress in bending.
twas drawn through at 240 in. (6. 1 m) 150 94.7 94.1 93. 3 91. 8
per minute. 66 652. 9 648.8 643.3 632. 9
Stress relieved in air, 10 minutes 150 83. 5 82.8 81. 8 80.5
at 300 F ( 150 C ). 66 575.7 570.9 654.0 555.
170 94. 7 93.3 91. 3 87.5
77 652. 9 643.3 629.5 603.3
215 94.7 91. 8 88.9
102 652.9 632. 9 612.9
215 55.7 53.7 51. 7
102 384.0 370. 2 356. 5
21 41 Wire, 0. 0226 in. (0. 57 mm) dia. 215 81. 0 52.6 Loop-bending method.
Spring temper. 102 558. 5 363.
22 41 Wire, O. 0226 in. (0. 57 mm) dia. 215 100.0 68. 8500 Loop-bending method.
Spring temper. 102 689.5 469.
~
270 100.0 68. 8500
132 689.5 469.
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..
.8E
:J
c "':J::! Chemical composition, % by wt.
!!.
aE bi
.s:::
iii ..
]
.... _
8. u.. u ~ ·- E ~0 ·-. ,E
cli ..
_ >._ E
-*
0
o:l'
c·
'#.
.,·
.,E Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
;;;
·;: S! E::
ii
...... z ·- .... z *"'-
N-"Z
0
-~ 0
"O "O
~ ~ :!: d
.,
ii :!: :!: ,;
*
a. c
;i
v p s i! ....e a:"'
0
:!: 0 Sn Ni Zn Cu Mo ~ w
23 41 •r2. 10. 88. J 80 107.8 *72. 2 105. al. 7
27 743.3' 498. 724.
25 41 80 101 to
114
27 696 to
786
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~-
.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, .3 ~ Initial
Residual stress,
Final 8u
8."' .... u ~·~NE
form and size, history of material. ksi
::i
"'u:; .f!
c
EID z MN/m 2 ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
!!!
~ Heat treatment s-c "'"'"'C 't;u :=
E "'"' (.!)
strain, stress, stress, time, ·;:;
•t;
l!l ~
% ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h
"'
::!: "'
0 "'"'
I- "'
iii MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2
"'
iii
23 41 Cupro-nickel strip 0. 006 in. (O. 15 80 17.7 39.0 36. 2300 Cantilever bending test.
mm) thick. 27 122.0 268.9 248.
Spring temper.
150 39.0 32. 2300
66 268.9 221.
170 39.0 29. 2300
77 268.9 200.
215 39.0 28.5 2300
102 268.9 196.5
24 41 Cupro-nickel strip, 0. 006 in. (O. 15 80 16.8 40.0 39. 2300 Cantilever bending test.
mm) thick. 27 115. 8 275.8 269.
Spring temper.
150 40.0 34. 5 2300
66 275.8 238.
170 40.0 33. 2300
77 275.8 227.5
215 40.0 31. 2300
102 275.8 214.
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iiE ., ff
tii
.. c'II'
a ] -- 'ii!.
.f"' ....
cli N 'ii!.
I! ... (.) ji
~
N
Chemical composition, % by wt .
::J
r:. l:! ~ ·- .._
N
...e
:::E ci :::E
w
0 .
-c:i
a:
. .
29 132 1. 85 0.29 <t> 73 200.5 145. 2 179.8 a2. 5
23 1382. 1001. 1240.
31 132 8.98 6.17 0.077 0.027 0. 003! 73 161. 5 *126. 153.8 a2.6
<!> 23 1114. 869. 1060.
• %/10 in. (254 mm). <>Values are average for five tests parallel to the rolling direction. * 0. 01% Offset yield strength.
a%/ 1 in. (25. 4 mm)
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1iE Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
~
a\!
..·
.a Initial
Residual stress,
Final B
~
.g ·s. 'E
u
form and size, history of material. ksi :?
:I
c "'~ !_IL U
~ ..0 2 MN/m 2 ?;-
~ § Heat treatment i'
E ,,
l!! .f ·~ ... Cl
u strain, stress, stress, time, '(j
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
l!!
"'
:ii:
!9
"'
0
;
I-
..
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
't;
"'
iii
27 34 Nickel silver, Alloy D. 80 18.7 94. 5 89.5 86. (81. 5) Cantilever beam method.
O. 009 in. (O. 23 mm) diameter. 27 128.9 651. 6 617. 593. (562.) stresses are the maximum stress
Extra hard temper. in bending.
As received. 150 94. 5 80.5 77.5 (73. 5)
66 651. 6 555. 534. (507.)
170 94. 5 78.5 75.5 (72. )
77 651. 6 541. 520.5 (496. ~ )
215 94. 5 73. 69. (65.)
102 651. 6 503. 476. (448.)
270 94. 5 69.5 66.5 ( 64.)
132 651. 6 479. 458. 5 (441.)
28 34 ASTM B 197-65. 80 18. 7 90.0 85.5 85. (84. 6) Cantilever beam method.
Beryllium copper. 27 128.9 620.5 589.5 586. 0 (583.3) stresses are the maximum stress
0. 009 in. (O. 23 mm) diameter. in bending.
Condition 1/2 HT 205 90.0 84.6 83. 2 (81. 4)
96 620.5 583.3 573.6 (561.2)
29 132 CA 172 (TH 04) 250 129. 125. 121. 116. 109.6 Tapered cantilever spring;bending.
Strip, O. 0150 in. (O. 38 mm) thick. 121 889. 859. 833. 780. 776. Results have been scaled from
Cold roll 37%; plots of remaining stress ( % of
600F(315C), 2h. 350 129. 114. 105. 89.7 69.7 initial) vs. time.
177 889. 785. 725. 618. 480.
30 132 Cu-4 NI- 4 Sn. 250 66.9 65.6 64.7 63. 0 60.9 Tapered cantilever spring; bending.
strip, 0. C15 in. (O. 38 mm) thick. 121 461. 452. 446. 434. 419.5 Results have been scaled from
Cold roll 53%; plots of remaining stress ( % of
660F(350C), lh. 350 66.9 62.4 59.3 54.3 46.8 initial) vs. time.
177 461. 430. 409. 374. 323.
400 66.9 58,9 56.3 49.0 36.8
204 461. 406. 388. 338. 253. 5
31 132 Cu - 9 NI - 6 Sn. 250 118. 116. 114. 111. 107.4 Tapered cantilever spring; bending.
strip, 0. 0125 in. (0. 32 mm) thick. 121 814. 797. 787. 766. 741. Results have been scaled from
Cold roll 75%; 350 118. 107. 102. 96.3 89.7 plots of remaining stress ( % of
660F(350C), 2h. 177 814. 735. 5 704. 664. 619. initial ) vs. time.
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.8E ., !!" of;• ~
..,.c
a~ "'
] -.. ?fl.
; N ~ ?fl. .;
::J
c
iii
·;:
~
::J
SI
Chemical composition, % by wt. 8. "- u e·;;~
s "tizt "tii' ~., .>< ::!:z
E
~·-NE
0 .. -..
·- .><
>._ E
z
N
. --
~ .><Z
c·
.2 ..
0
f Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~ ic
s.. c!!!.
::!: Ni Sn Mn Zn Nb Mo v p s
~
;;
I-
.
c
I-
c.
0
.t
::!: ci ::!:
w
0 .,
-r:i
cc
32 132 14.96 8.17 0.11 0.055 0.1 73 178.2 146.4 174.2 a2. 4
23 1229. 1009. 1201.
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~-
~ Residual stress,
..
~
E
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a ::J
3 ·- Initial Final B
::J "':;" form and size, history of material.
t "8 lS.
N
E ksi ::"
~
c:
Sl Heat treatment
LL U
c. "' "' E"'
!-!l-8 CJ~(.!')
z strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
:g
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~
.. ..
:ii:
!l
Cl
~
~
"'
I-
·~
"'
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
:a
32 132 Cu -15 Ni - 8 Sn. 250 143. 141. 139. 5 138. 135.8 Tapered cantilever spring;
Strip, 0. 0150 in. (O. 38 mm) thick. 121 986. 972. 962. 951. 937. Bending.
Cold roll 78%; Results have been scaled from
660F(350C), 1.5h. 350 143. 134. 130. 125. 118. 7
plots of remaining stress ( % of
177 986. 925. 898. 860. 818.
initial) vs. time.
400 143. 131. 127. 122. 114.4
204 986. 902. 875. 5 843. 789.
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Titanium Alloys
Nomenclature used varied among the data sources; designations listed in the tables are those of the
source.
Matl. No.
A-70 ( Commercially-pure titanium) 1-2
A-110 AT ; Ti-5 Al - 2. 5 Sn 3-6; 13-15
Ti-6211 7
C-130 AM 8-12
Ti- 8 Al - 1 Mo - 1 V 16-18
Ti-5Al- 5Sn-5Zr 19
7-12 Alloy 20
7 Al-4 Mo 21
Alloys A-70, A-llOAT, and C-130AM had sufficient data to justify graphical presentations. Most
or all of the data in each instance had been obtained using material with a single analysis, but heat-treated
to give two or three different grain-size conditions. Residual stress at 100 hours is plotted as a function
of initial stress level for test temperatures of 80, 600, and 800 deg. F ( 27, 316, and 427 deg. C). Some
data shown were obtained with a Barr-Bardgett type tester, giving an elasticity factor of 2. 3 to 2. 6.
Most tests for materials not shown graphically were of bolts tested for 50 hours in a relaxation
cylinder
551
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A-70
]
E
::i
c: ~::i Chemical composition, % by wt.
-
Cl
'd"
"#.
c:· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
iii .S!
·;: Sl
~ !!! ic:
:!: "
0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v N H 0 Ti w
0
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jj Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
i!!.
a
.
.2
Residual stress, ~
su
E
::J
.,u form and size, history of material. e
!_LL (,) ~ ·s. NE Initial
ksi
Final
~
c
~
~
SI Heat treatment E "'"'
$~~
e ..
u $?
z
C!> strain, stress,
MN/m 2
stress. time, i!'
·;:;
Relaxation-test procedure and comments
.. !!..
$
~ 0
.,
t;
I-
..
~
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
w
1 39 A-70 (Commercially-pure). 80 71. 0 54.75 49.6 44.5 (40. 05~ 4 in. (102 mm) gage length.
5/8 in. ( 16 mm) diameter. .- 27 489.5 377.5 342. 307. (276.)
Fine-grain condition. 80 63. 25 56.1 50.8 47.25 (43. 0)
Stabilize anneal at 1500 F ( 815 C ), 27 436.1 387. 350. 326. (296. M
1 h, furnace cool.
80 55.0 50.0 45.9 41. 7 (38. 0)
27 379.2 345. 316. 5 287. 5 (262.)
80 42.0 39.0 36.5 34.0 (31. 9)
27 289.6 269. 252. 234.5 (220.)
80 32.75 31. 5 29.5
27 225.8 217. 203. 5
600 20.4 16.75 16.1 14.3 (12. 9)
316 140.7 115. 5 111. 98,5 (89. )
600 14.5 13.45 12.8 (11. 4)
316 100. 0 92.7 88.3 (78. 6)
600 12.25 11. 95 11. 42 (10. 08~
316 84.5 82.4 78.7 (69. 5)
800 15.0 10. 25 6. 12 4.02 (2. 23)
427 103. 4 70. 7 42.2 27.7 (15. 4)
800 9. 75 7.5 5.52 2.91 (1. 66}
427 67.2 51. 7 38. 1 20.1 (11. 4)
800 5.3 3. 52 2.98 1. 49 (O. 92)
427 36.5 24.3 20.5 10. 3 (6. 3 )
2 39 A-70 (Commercially-pure). 80 70.1 51. 45 45.0 41. 7 (35. 5) 4 in. (102 mm) gage length.
5/8 in. ( 16 mm) diameter. 27 483. 2 354. 7 310. 3 287.5 (244. 8
Coarse- grain condition.
1750 F( 955C ), 1 h in argon; 80 58. 5 47.75 43.8 39.85 (38. 0)
Furnace cool to 1500F(815C), and 27 403. 3 329. 302. 275. (262.)
hold 1 h; 80 42.0 39.1 35. 6 31. 95 (29. 0)
Furnace cool to room temperature. 27 289.6 269.6 245.5 220. 3 (200.)
80 39. 25 34.8 32.2 28.02 (23. 0)
27 270.6 240. 222. 193. (158, 5
[Concluded on next page] C11
C11
I
I
""'
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A-110AT
.8E !.
a.. t5i
..
]
0
'o:t
..... ;,e.
c4 ;,e. E.
c"
o;
~
s"
Chemical composition, % by wt.
8. '; ~ lo·-
! .g .g
.........E
...... z
N iij N
g ·;; -E >.-!
·- ""'z ~~z
N
c·
0 .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
·;:
~ .
:g ~ :::!: 5 :::!: ci :::!: "ic 0
-g
:::!: 0 c Al Sn Cr Ni Mo v N H 0 s ! ~ ...e- w
0
er
2 39
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~ ef ...
::J
Residual stress, g
~
I-
"i
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
•t;
"'
w
2 39 A-70 (Commercially-pure). 80 32.0 31.1 30.4 28. 5 (27. 0)
27 220.6 214. 5 209.5 196. 5 (186.)
rconclusion].
600 19.52 16.85 16. 71 16.62 (16.20
316 134.6 116. 2 115. 2 114.6 (112. ()
600 14.75 11. 9~ 11. 79 11. 2 (10. 9)
316 101. 7 82.2 81. 3 77.2 (75. 2)
600 12.57 10.75 10. 35 9.02 ( 8.1)
316 86.7 74.1 71. 4 62.2 (55.8)
800 14.0 11. 05 7.8 ( 5.4)
427 96.5 76.2 53.8 (37. 2)
800 7.6 6.9 6.3 4.65 ( 4.1)
427 52.4 47.6 43.4 32.1 (28.3)
800 4. 5 3.45 3.3 3.0 ( 2. 8)
427 31. 0 23.8 22.8 20.7 (19.3)
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A-110 AT
· ..
]
E
"r:.
.,
~
Chemical composition,% by wt.
i
a~
.;,·
ii"'
!N
! u. (..) ~ ·.n! ~·-NE c4 N
-*...
Cl
r:.·
*e.,· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
E ii' Z' .,-" z ·--" z > ·- E
0 .. _
"~ 0"'
0
c;;
s "C "C ~~z
·;:
'iii ~ ~ ~ ci ~ "i
~ ., r:. ,;
.,
* t: c. r:.
~ Cl c Al Sn Fe Ni Mo v N H 0 s I- t! e
0.. w
0
a:
4 39 0.10 4.9 2.6 0.02 162 0.16
ppm
5 104 0.10 *4.4 2.2 0.17 0.02 0.009~ 0.11 80 142.5 127.5 17. 39.
5. 0.23 0.001( 0.0064 0. 102 27 982. 5 879.
400 109. 84.8 21. 42.2
204 751. 5 585.
600 96. 71. 5 22.3 41.7
316 661. 9 493·.
800 88.3 66.7 23. 48.
427 608.8 460.
*Where two values are given, they represent analyses by different methods or sources.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
'/:!• ...
.2
Residual stress, ~
B
~ Initial Final
:I
c
QI
I:!
form and size, history of material. ~
!. ... u -g
~ ·- N
s.~
ksi ~"
MN/m 2 ~
~~ ~
:I
stress, Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Sl Heat treatment E ~"'"'
l!! -8 strain, stress, time, ·;:;
. !9.
l!! ~
w "i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·=..
:E 0 QI
I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
4 39 A-110 AT, Coarse-grain condition. 80 130.0 111. 2 107. 103.3 (101.)
Same lot as Material No. 3. 27 896.3 766.7 737.7 712. 2 (696. 4)
5/8 in. (16 mm) diameter. 94.
1950F(1065C ), 1/2 h, furnace cool 80 120.0 100. 1 98. (92. 2)
27 827.4 690.2 676. 648. (636.)
80 106.7 98.5 94. 90.5 ( 87.)
27 735.9 679. 648. 624. (600.)
600 62.0 58.4 57.5 56.3 ( 56.)
316 427.5 403. 396.5 388. (386.)
600 56. 0 53.7 52.8 52.5 ( 51.)
316 386.1 370. 364. 362. (352.)
600 50.0 47.0 46.8 46.8 (46.1)
316 344.7 324. 323. 323. (318.)
800 59.5 53. 7 50.4 47. 1 (40. 5)
427 410. 2 370. 347.5 325. (279.)
800 55.0 51. 3 48.4 45.5 (42. 5)
427 379. 2 354. 334. 314. (293.)
800 34.0 31. 5 29.6 26.9 (21. 5)
427 234.4 217. 204. 185.5 (148.)
5 104 A-110 AT. 400 15. 3 69.4 69.0 68.6 67.5 68.4 383 2.7 Barr-Bardgett type tester.
Bar, 3/4 in. (19 mm) or 13/16 in. 204 105.5 478.5 475.7 473. 465.4 471. 6
(20. 5 mm) diameter. 600 14.7 57.2 56.4 57.0 57.0 395 2.8
Annealed. 316 101. 4 394.4 388.9 393. 393.
700 55.0 52.4 53. 0 51. 8 31 2.7
371 379. 2 361. 3 365.4 357. 2
800 12.7 53. 4 50.9 48.0 46.1 43.6 358 2.9
427 87.6 368.2 350. 9 330.9 317.8 300. 6
800 40.2 39.0 37.8 34.6 34.6 310 2.7
427 277.2 268.9 260.6 238. 6 238. 6
800 29.8 29.0 27.9 26.8 27.6 381 2.8
427 205.5 199.9 192.4 184.8 190.3
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A-110 AT
Ti-6211
C-130AM
..
e·
-*
0 C11
]
~!_LL U
tii ! <ii'
*;...
C11
co
E
"'r::. ~ Chemical composition,% by wt. .... _N
Oj
~ ·- E 6 ·u;~
...... z
N ~
>._ E
. - "i
N
r::.' Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Sl"'
0
Oi s .g .g =a :::!! ·--"
E "'"' z ~ -"Z 0
·;:
:;; s. 5 :::!!
:::!! 0 c Al Sn Mn Nb Ta Mo Fe N H 0 ~
t:
~ ...e-
ci :::!! r::.
0
iii
.
-r:i
a:
6 104 0.10 a4. 4 2.2 0.23 0.02 0.009E 0.11 80 175. 151. 10. 28.
5. 0.17 0.001( 0.006~ 0.102 27 1207. 1041.
7 21 0.02 6.1 2.3 1. 0 0.73 0.06 0.007 0.006( 0.073 Room 120. 102. 12. 32.
827.4 703.
aWhere two values are given, they represent analyses by different methods or sources.
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jj !!" ..
.=· Residual stress, ~
s..,
E . Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
~
~ :J ·-
"8 s. ~
N
Initial
ksi
Final
.:?
8- u..
.... .i
::I
c: ~ (.J
... ::I
S! E "'"'"
l!!...,...,
E"' z
S! C!J strain, stress,
MN/m 2 stress, time, ~
·;:; Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;:
.. ..
l!!
~
!!
0
Heat treatment
~
;;
I-
CJ
iii
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h ..
·~
iii
6 104 A-110 AT. 700 55.2 54.2 52.5 49.3 48.4 328 2.8 Barr - Bardgett type tester.
Bar, 3/4 in. (19 mm) or 13/16 in. 371 380.6 374. 362. 340. 334.
(20. 5 mm) diameter.
Same as Material No. 5.
800 53. 2 49.8 47.2 40.3 36.6 239 2.6
427 366.8 343. 325. 278. 252.
Cold drawn 15%.
7 21 Ti-6211 ( A near-alpha alloy). Room 17. 95.0 86. 82. 5 81. 8 31 Longitudinal specimens.
Beta fabricated to plate 1 in. (25 mml 117. 655.0 593. 569. 564. Gage length 5 in. (127 mm) long x
thick. O. 198 in. (5. 0 mm) diameter.
t11
t11
co
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C-130AM
!. ~-
... 0
iE ..8. ... ] '<I'
~
"'"' "'
c: If. ..!!·
If.
::J
c: "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt. u ~·;;;~ ~·-NE
vi
>·- "'
E c:·
.g .. Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
..
0 ......
::J
E : i' "'"" z ·--" z *~Z
~ Sl ! "C :;;; ::!! 'g ~
0
.. ..
"C
::!! ::!!:
!l 5 t: c: c. "'c:0 ,;
::!! 0 c Mn Al Cr Ni Mo v N H 0 s "'
I- "'
I- e
11. w a:"'
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.!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
!!°
af
...
::>
Initial
Residual stress,
Final
g
..
u
form and size, history of material. :; ·- N
ksi of
::>
c ~::> 8. ... (.J "8 s.~ MN/m 2
E i"'' e .. z stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ s Heat treatment B,, .g .!:! ~ <!1 strain, stress, time, ·c:;
~
:ii
..
:i
0
.,
<;;;
I-
;
w
% ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
w
..
t;
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C-130AM
Ti-SAl-2.5 Sn
Ti- 8Al-1Mo-1V
e· .. c'<t
!E .,
:i
c u
:;
Chemical composition, % by wt.
. ii"'
ii
~-
0 . , _ > ·- E
-
* *..,..
c' f Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
Oi
-~
Sl ! .g .g :;;., .... :::!:
z ·--"'
~
z ~~z
:::!: d
0
"ic 0
., 5.,
; c
{!.
c. :::!:
.,
-ci
:::!: c c Mn Al Sn Fe Mo v N H 0 s I-
E!
D.. w
0
a:
0
11 104 0.10 4.1 3.9 0.21 0.02 0.0136 0.21 80 165. 155. 17. 40.
3.6 4.5 0.0018 0.0127 o. 193 27 1138. 1069.
0.0010 0.0131
400 134.7 119.3 18.5 50.7
204 928.7 822.5
600 121. 5 105.3 18.8 50.3
316 837.7 726.
800 108.3 89.7 24.8 67.5
427 746.7 618.5
12 104 o. 10 0
4. 1 3.9 0. 21 0.02 ~.0136 0. 21 80 180. 168.5 14.5 34.0
3.6 4.5 0.0018 0.0127 0.193 27 1241. 1162.
0.0010 0.0131
13 x 0.014 0.05 5.58 2.56 0.063 0.010 0.0048 0.10 *70 129.6 101. 7
21 893.6 701.
750 86. 1 64.1
399 593.6 442.
14 x 0.014 0.05 5. 58 2. 56 0.063 0.010 0.0048 0.10 * 70 128.0 101. 4
21 882.5 699.
750 86.2 62.3
399 594.3 429.5
15 x 0.014 0.05 5. 58 2. 56 b.063 0.010 0.0048 0.10 * 70 144.2 114. 2
21 994.2 787.
750 89.8 68.5
399 619. 1 472.
16 x •ro. o: 8.0 0.11 1. 0 1. 0 0.01 0.0074 0.10] * 70 165.1 141. 3
21 1138. 974.
750 110. 2 91. 7
399 t759. 8 kl32.
"Where two or more values are given, they represent analyses by different methods or sources.
•Nominal composition. *Tensile properties are average for three tests.
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!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
f.
~
.=
: ; ,_ N Initial
Residual stress,
Final
~
~
form and size, history of material. ~
=
c: "'~ 8. u.. tJ -g ~ s. ksi
MN/m 2
~
= E en"' E'b z strain, stress, ?" Relaxation-test procedure and comments
~ Si Heat treatment l!l -8 -8 u.- CJ
stress, time, ·u
~ ~ ii 'i % ksi 1 10 100 1000 10,000 ksi h ·1
:!!: c I- w MN/m 2 h h h h h MN/m 2 w
11 104 C-130 AM. 400 13-4 95. 5 95.3 95.0 95. 0 94.4 427 2.3 Barr-Bardgett type tester.
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 204 92.4 658. 4 657 .1 655.0 655.0 650.9
Hot rolled + annealed. 600 12.7 84.0 82.0 81. 5 80.9 78.4 431 2.5
316 87.6 579.2 565.4 561. 9 557.8 540.5
600 63.0 62.2 61. 8 61. 7 58.6 480 2.3
316 434. 4 428.9 426.1 425.4 404.0
700 78.8 76.8 73. 1 66.8 57.2 431 2.4
371 543.3 529.5 504.0 460.6 394.4
800 11. 9 72.0 66.4 53.8 36.9 31. 6 312 2.4
427 82.0 496.4 457.8 370.9 254. 4 217.9
800 54.0 46.5 38.3 24.4 20.0 230 2.6
427 372.3 320. 6 264.l 168.2 137.9
12 104 C-130 AM. 700 78.4 73. 6 70.5 62. 1 57.6 359 2.3 Barr-Bardgett type tester.
3/4 in. (19 mm) diameter. 371 540.5 507.6 486.l 428.2 397.1
Same lot as Material No. 11.
800 72.0 62.0 42.1 39.5 33.0 287. 2.3
1550F(845C), water quench;
Reheat to 1000 F ( 538 C ). 427 496.4 427.5 290.3 272.3 227.5
13 x Ti- 5 Al- 2. 5 Sn (EL 1). 750 *52.2 49.4 49.4 49.4 50 Relaxation cylinder.
Bolt, 1/4 in. -28 threads x 2-1/4 in. 399 359. 9 340.6 340.6 340.6
(6. 4 mm x 57 mm). 750 52.2 28.8 28.8 28.8 50
Hot forge 12-point head; 399 359.9 198.6 198.6 198.6
1500F(815C), lh, air cool;
Roll threads.
14 x Same as Material No. 13, but with 750 80.0 49.9 43.3 50 Relaxation cylinder.
A-286 alloy nut. 399 551. 6 344.0 298.5 Average results for three tests.
15 x Same materials as for Material No. 750 80.0 46.4 40. 5 50 Relaxation cylinder.
14, but with 3/8-24 threads (9. 5 399 551. 6 319.9 279.2 Average results for three tests.
mm).
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Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V
Ti-5Al-5Sn-5Zr
7-12 Alloy 7Al-4Mo
e· ..
j
., aI! tIii
.... _ ~ -*
0
"9'
*~-
- 'i
E N en N
Chemical composition, % by wt.
:> ·- E ~·-NE >._ E
::J
c !! 8. ... Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
.. c·
(.J
:i
::J
SI E Z' Z' ..... z ·-0 ..., . z_ ~ .><Z 0 "'
s 0
..
ii
:::E
~
0 c Al Zr Sn Fe Mo v H 0 N s
t:
CD
I-
'a 'C :;;
!
:::E t::
8.
...e
:::E
d :::E
c
0
w
.,
-0
a:
20 x
21 x
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f!' .,.·
!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
"'
Residual stress,
~
~
18 x Same as Material No. 16, but with 750 83. 2 75.2 64.1 50 Relaxation cylinder.
1/2 in. -20 threads (12. 7 mm) dia. 399 573. 6 518.5 442. Average results for three tests.
750 52. 47.3 39.1 50
399 358. 5 326. 269.5
C11
O>
C11
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A-70
40 /
"iii
~
.,;
Ill
/: •
- ...
GI
I ll
0
::::»
"lJ 20
"iii
/·
CD
iClli::
0 20 40
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A-llOAT
100 0
/
0
600
80 ..e ~
.....
'- ~
z >
~
.,,.., ~
"iii E::
-.....,
~
GI
60 >
..,on' 400 t"'
t"'
- .....,
0
QI
0
,,"iii:»
Temperature,
OF oc
0
-<
00
,,"iii:» 40 °'
GI
•
80
600
27
316
GI ~ BOO 427
°'
200
100 Hours
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568 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERlNG ALLOYS
C-130AM
80°F (27°C)
1000
120 ..E
800 .......
'iii z
-Ill
-9- ~
-9-
oA .-¢- oA
Ill Ill
-
...
G>
I ll
0
• -...
G>
I ll
0
:I :I
""O ""O
'iii 600 'iii
G> G>
Qi: Qi:
80
400
100 Hours
800 1000
40"'-~~~~'-'-~~~~~"'--~'--~~-'"-~~~~'--"'--~~~~-'-~"'--~~~...L.-~~
40 80 120 160
Initial stress, ksi
Fine grain _
-9- Medium grain
• CoarH grain
<f Elasticity factor 2.3 to 2.6
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Material numbers corresponding to points below
12
10 11
108 8 10 11
89
9 9
400
"'GI... i:t .n
-
"'
0
~o
'\.e
,,~
e
200
..."'GI
-"'
:::> 0
"'O :::>
·u; 20 • "'O
GI -¢- ·u;
GI: 0 GI
0 100-... Hours GI:
•
-¢-
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Miscellaneous Alloys
Data are presented in tabular form only. Listed alloys follow, together with an indication of the test
methods employed:
571
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Kovar
Mg-2AI
Soviet TsM2A
...
j
E .,
•l
a..
15·
i.... _ ~~ -
0
.i-
*-c·
*-
..0e.
.. u..u
-
N Oj
::J Chemical composition, % by wt. N N
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
c
o;
~
::J
5! !. "' "'
j .g .g ..... z a
:> ·- E·a! >._
z ~ ..
·- .><
E
.><Z
0
·;: :;; :::!: ~ :::!: 0 -~
~
:::!:
~
0 Fe Co Mg Al Ni Mo Zn Sn Cu Mn Si .
t:
~
i
~ e
Q.
0.
:::!: c
w
0 .,
.,;
a:
1 40 a[Bal. 17. 29.] 85 75.7 *36.7 13. 9 Coefficient of thermal expansion compar-
29 522. 253. able to Corning Glass #7052.
Ti Zr
3 13 a[ Base 0.20 0.15] 68 96 to
104
20 660to
720
1652 55 to
62
900 380to
430
1832 49 to
58
1000 340to
400
aNominal composition. •o. 01% Offset yield strength. *%/10 in. (254 mm).
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.8E !"
af
." Residual stress, ~
w
1 40 Kovar wire, 0. 0179 in. (0. 45 mm) 1 Frequency method.
85 18.8 38.o 34.4 34.2 3000
diameter. 29 129.6 262. 0 237. 236.
2010F(llOOC), 30 min.; 85 35.0 31. 5 31.1 3000
1380 F( 750 C ), 10 min.; 29 241.3 217.2 214.4
1785 F( 975 C ), for a short period;
(Simulates use in a glass-sealed 85 30.0 28.4 28.2 3000
product). 29 206. 8 195.8 194.4
85 25.0 23.8 23.6 3000
29 172.4 164. 1 162.7
85 20.0 19.6 19.5 3000
29 137.9 135. 1 134.4
85 15.0 14.5 14.5 3000
29 103. 4 100. 0 100.0
2 53 Mg- 2 Al. 122 1.12 3.36 2.11 1. 61 1. 43 176 Tension-torsion tests on tubes
Cast billet 12 in. (305 mm) diameter 50 7.72 23.2 14.5 11.1 9.88 O. 5 in. (12. 7 mm) I. D. x 0. 02 in.
x 12 in. (305 mm) long. (O. 5 mm) wall thickness.
122 3.36 2.24 1. 80 1. 46 1. 38 154
790 F ( 420 C ), 4 h, furnace cool to Torsion strain was held constant
50 23.2 15. 4 12.4 10.0 9.50
room temperature in about 10 h. by automatic proportional decrease
(Treated in an atmosphere of sulfur 122 0 3.70 2.78 2.15 2.08 151 of torsion and tension loads.
dioxide). 50 0 25. 5 19.15 14.8 14.4 Residual torsion stresses have bee ~
scaled from a plot of torsion stres~
122 2.40 3.00 2. 13 1. 64 1. 52 154
50 vs. time.
16.5 20. 7 14.7 11. 3 10.5
122 6.72 2.24 1. 75 1. 39 1. 28 152
50 46.3 15. 4 12.05 9.58 8.80
•120 h.
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Nickel
Nickel- Iron
...·
.!E ., r£
aI!
fl.
i"'
~ en -.,
0
111-
.. -
111-
::J
c !!
::J
Chemical composition, % by wt . 8_ "-U t;:·;;!
.g ., .... z
N iij
·--" z
N
g ·;;! >._
~ -"Z
N
E c·
.2 ..ff
1
Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
J ~ ....
Oi
·;: SI !E .g
"'"'
'g ~ 0
..
! 0 ~ ic .,
-.;
* .,
t; c.
~ 0 c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Fe p s I-
!2
w
0
a:
•o. 01% Offset yield strength. *%/10 in. (254 mm) ~ %/2 in. (51 mm).
aNominal composition.
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!?.
i!E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation, a
~
.= Initial
Residual stress,
Final
g
~
5 40 Nickel-iron wire, 0. 0201 in. (O. 51 85 36.0 32.7 32.5 16,500 Frequency method.
mm) diameter, with fused tin finish. 29 248.2 225.5 224.1
Annealed.
85 30. 0 27.6 27.0 16,500
29 206.8 190.3 186.2
85 27.5 24.7 23.9 16,500
29 189.6 170.3 164.8
85 25.0 22.9 21. 8 16,500
29 172.4 158. 150.3
85 20.0 18.6 17.3 16,500
29 137.9 128. 119.
85 15. 14.0 13.6 16,500
29 103. 4 96.5 93. 8
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lnconel
.. c
.8E
.,
•l
a.. tc ~ -
'<t
?/!.
e.
.. - 'i
c:/) ?/!.
"'c !::! Chemical composition, % by wt. ! "-U II
~·;;!
N
~0 ·-. ,E
_ >._ E
N
c· ., Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
"'SI .g ., ... z ·- ... z ~ ,,.z
0
ii E .g
"'"'
'i., !!!., ..
!!
~ ~ :::!E
:::!E
a. ci :::!E
c
'O
i:i
:i; Cl c Mn Si Cr Ni Mo v Fe p s ~ ~ ...e 0
w "'
a:
6 56 a[15. Bal. 5. 1
a Nominal composition.
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.8E Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
e·
i3
..·
::l
Initial
Residual stress, g
~
E i"'' e .. z
iij ::l MN/m 2 stress, ~ Relaxation-test procedure and comments
·;: Sl Heat treatment $ "C .g CJ:: CJ strain, stress, time, ·;:;
.. :!..
l!l ~
7 56 Inconel, coarse grain size. 1300 18.0 17.2 15. 2 High-speed pneumatic relaxation
Same lot as Material No. 6 704 124. 1 118. 5 105. tester.
As received: 2050F(1120C), 2h, Gage length 6 in. (150 mm) x O. 375
1300 16.5 16.2 14.6 11.3
in hydrogen. in. (9. 5 mm) diameter.
704 113. 8 112. 101. 78.
Most of the data at a given tern-
1300 12.4 12.4 12.3 10.8 8.2 6.0 4.0 100 perature were obtained using a
704 85.5 85.5 85. 74.5 56. 5 41. 27.5 single specimen.
Results have been scaled from a
1300 10. 5 10.5 10.4 9. 9 8. 1 plot.
704 72.4 72.4 71. 7 68.3 55.8
1500 12.0 11. 0 7.9
816 82.7 75.8 54.5
1500 9.0 8,9 7.4 5.0 3.0 1. 6 0.9 100
816 62.0 61. 4 51. 0 34.5 20.7 11. 0 6.2
1650 11. 0 7.6 C11
899 75. 8 52.4 -:r
-:r
1650 8,0 6.6 4.7 2.6 1.3 0.7 0.4 100
899 55.2 45,5 32.4 17.9 9.0 4.8 2.8
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20Cr-80Ni
Zircaloy-4
jj e· ~-
..- c'<I'
E . .<!
\? "'
15 N
]
~
--
*
?fl.
...f
* .. -. .. 0..
Chemical composition, % by wt.; or (ppm) 8_ LL U l= ·- E ~·-NE
N
"
r::. ~
"5!
.........
...... z > ·- E .g
r::.· Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
w
"'0r::. .
i::i
a:
8 13 o. 15 1. 5 0.5 20 to 75 to Bal. 0. 030 0.025
max. max. max. 23 78 max. max.
0 N H
(1195) (24) (13)
10 60 (207) (42) 0.11 (<50) 0.21 1. 45 (35) (65) Grain size: ASTM 10.1
0 N H
(1195) (24) (13)
0 N H
(1195) (24) (13)
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e·
i!E = Residual stress,
su
~
::J
c:
.
!:!
Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material •
i3 0
.
M
f-
.... 0
o ..... % ksi
MN/m 2
1
h
10
h
100
h
1000
h
10,000
h
ksi
MN/m 2
h
·~
"'
jjj
10 60 Zircaloy-4. 590 r:I'rans. 26.8 23.5 22.6 21. 4 19.9 Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0. 18 x
Same lot as Material No. 9. 310 184.8 162.0 155.8 147.6 137.2 0. 035 in. (100 x 4. 5 x 0. 9 mm).
Cold reduced 15%; Test run in water under 2000 psig
950 F( 510 C ), in vacuum, 4 h. 590 !Trans. 17. 1 16.05 15. 35 14.8 13. 9 pressure.
310 117. 9 110. 7 105.8 102.0 95.8
590 l'rans. 6. 1 5.80 5. 57 5.61 5. 35
310 42.1 40.0 38.4 38. 7 36.9
12 60 Zircaloy-4, Beta quenched. 550 Trans 10.0 9.3 8.4 8.1 1992 Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0. 18 x
Same lot as Material No. 9. 288 69.0 64. 1 57.9 55.8 0. 035 in. ( 100 x 4. 5 x 0. 9 mm).
1860 F ( 1016 C ), argon quenched; Test run in water under 2000 psig
550 Trans 10.0 •0. 59 8.27 1992 pressure.
950 F ( 510 C ), in vacuum, 6 h.
288 69.0 59.2 57.0 Data have been scaled from a plot
of% relaxation vs. time.
•500 h.
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Zr+ Nb, Cu
.,..
e·
-
0
~
~
E ~g_"-c.J
tIS ]
rJi
'<t
?fl.
?fl.
00
0
.. -
= "'~ Chemical composition, % by wt; or (ppm) N
~·-NE >._
N
ai Miscellaneous properties and microstructure
~--~
c E c· :;;
...'j =Sl E~ .g 'ii.,
"'"' .... z ·- 0 .,_
.... z ~ _,.z
0
"ic
"'
5
0"' c N
!l
.,
t;
~
c
::E
a~ == ci ::E
0
0
.,
..;
::E Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Nb Cu 0 H I- .... w a:
13 60 2.49 0.51 (1070) (15) (13) Interlamellar spacing 1. 9 microns.
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e·
.8E
., Specifications, type melting, deoxidation,
form and size, history of material.
~
~
=
0
- bll
• Initial
Residual stress,
ksi
Final
~
$u
::J
c: :::! 8. u.. (.) ~;§ .l!!
~
~
:E
::J
Sl
..
l!!
c
Heat treatment E
$
~
lil'.g'
"O
-
=-...
QI
o.e
0 strain,
%
stress,
ksi 1
h
10
h
MN/m 2
I- MN/m 2 h h h MN/m 2
13 60 Zr+ Nb,Cu. 140 Long. 35. 0 34.3 34. 2 Bending of a beam 3. 94 x 0.18 x
1515 F ( 824 C ), Ice-brine quench; 60 241. 3 236.4 235. 8 0. 03 5 in. ( 100 x 4. 5 x 0. 9 mm).
1000 F( 538 C ), in vacuum, 6 h. Test run in water under 2000 psig
590 Long. 37.5 24.5 21. 45 19. 5 17.1 pressure.
310 258. 6 168.9 147.9 134.4 117. 9
590 Long. 21. 9 14.95 13. 9 12.6 11. 25
310 151. 0 103.1 95.8 86.9 77.6
Cl
....
co
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Data Sources
1. Freeman, J. W. and Voorhees, H. R., "Relax- 3. Aleskin, F.1., "Nomograms of the Stress Re-
ation Properties of Steels and Super-Strength laxation Quotient", Soviet Materials Science,
Alloys at Elevated Temperatures", American Vol. 1, No. 1 (1965), pp. 98-106. [Translation
Society for Testing and Materials, Special Tech- from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Mater-
nical Publication No. 187, August 1956. Re- ialova, Vol. 1, No. 2 (1965), pp. 151-161.
issued August 1961 as ASTM Publication DS-14.
4. Barr, R.R. and Moir, F. E., "The Short-time
Data collected by the ASTM-ASME Joint Com- Uniaxial Stress Relaxation Characteristics of
mittee on Effect of Temperature on the Proper- Some Carbon-Manganese and Low-Alloy Weld-
ties of Metals were contributed by the following able Steels", [Welding Institute] Proc. Conf. on
organizations; the code letters adjacent to names Welding Creep-Resistant Steels, Cambridge,
in this list identify respective sources on data (1970), pp. 152-168; Discussion, pp. 194-205.
sheets both in Ref. 1 and in the present report.
5. Barseg'yan, L. V. , et al, "Heat Resistant Ni-
A. American Steel and Wire Division, Cr-Nb Spring Steels", Metal Science and Heat
United States Steel Corporation Treatment of Metals, (1972), pp. 406-409.
B. Babcock & Wilcox Co. (M. I. T.) [Translation from Metallovedenie i Termiches-
C. Battelle Memorial Institute kaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 35-39,
D. Bethlehem Steel Co. May 1972.]
E. Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co.
F. Crane Co. 6. Belov, B. G., Platova, S. N., and Barseg'yan,
G. Elliott Co. L. V., "The New Heat-Resistant Spring Alloy
H. General Electric Co. 70 NKh BM Yu", Metal Science and Heat Treat-
J. International Nickel Co. ment of Metals, (1970), pp. 112-115. [Trans-
K. Materials Laboratory, Wright Air Devel- lation from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Ob-
opment Center (University of Michigan) rabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 25-28, Feb. 1970.
L. Naval.Research Laboratory
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P. Westinghouse Electric Corp.
8. Benson, L. E. and Watson, S. J. , "Low Temper-
2. Unpublished data on stress relaxation of speci- ature Stress Relieving of Mild Steel Welded
mens under tension were contributed by the fol- Structures", Transactions of the Institute of
lowing organizations in response to solicitation Welding, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Aug. 1953), pp. 90-95.
by the Metal Properties Council, Inc.; the letters
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Q. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. pp. 462-465. [Translated from Metallovedenie
R. Allis-Chalmers, Research Division i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, July 1965,
S. Battelle Memorial Institute pp. 39-42. (In Russian)].
T. Curtiss-Wright
U. E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co. 10. Borzdyka, A. M., (On the temperature interval
V. Department of the Navy for softening under conditions of creep and stress
W. General Electric Co. relaxation), Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR,
X. SPS Laboratories, Jenkintown, PA Metally, (1970), No. 1, pp. 119-122. (In Russian).
Y. Union Carbide Corp. (University of
Michigan) 11. Borzdyka, A. M., "Effect of Repeated Loading on
z. Westinghouse Electric Corp. the Resistance of Heat-Resistant Chromium-
AA. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Nickel Alloys to Stress Relaxation", Strength of
AB. Alcoa Research Laboratories Materials, Nov. 1973, pp. 1085-1087. [Trans-
lated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 9, Sept.
1972, pp. 53-55.
583
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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584 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
12. Borzdyka, A. M., Astakhova, L. M. , and Sala- 23. Danek, G.J. and Achter, M.R. ,"stress Relax-
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1, pp. 60-63, Jan. 1966. nov, Yu. N. , (Creep and Relaxation of Chrome-
Molybdenum steels), Izvestiya, Akademii Nauk
13. Borzdyka, A. M. and Getsov, L.B. , (Relaxation SSSR, Otdelenie Tekhnicheskikh Nauk, (1955),
of Stresses in Metals and Alloys), Izdatel'stvo No. 5, pp. 102-108.
"Metallurgia", Moscow, 1972. (304 pp.; 216 refs.)
25. Davies, V. de L., Augland, B. , and Christen, N. ,
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1972. Free Copper", Transactions, American Society
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the effect of stress relaxation on the structure
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~. Mfilfil!y, (1970), No. 3, pp. 152-157. H., "Effects of stress Relief on Creep-Resistance
of Carbon Manganese steels", British Welding
16. Borzdyka, A. M. and Sveshnikova, G. A. , "In- Journal, Vol.12, Nov. 1965, pp. 531-537.
creasing the Relaxation Resistance of Heat Re-
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29. Detert, K. and Bertram, W., "Die Relaxation
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Resistant steels, Paper V, 5.
18. Briggs, J. Z. and Parker, T. D., "The Super
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steel wire", Wire and Wire Products, Vol. 42,
19. Buchan, J., Kent, R. P. , and Kirke, M., "Stress- Oct. 1967, pp. 1778-1783, 1818-1819, 1886-1888.
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national, Canoga Park, CA, Report No. NAA- 34. Fox, A. , "Stress-Relaxation and Fatigue of Small
SR-MEM0-12590, 1 Nov. 1967, 35 pp. Diameter Wires Used for Miniature Springs",
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
DATA SOURCES 585
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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
586 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
56. Kennedy, C.R. and Douglas, D.A., "Relaxation 67. Liberman, L. Ya., and Volkova, N. V., "Investi-
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Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, Vol. 32 (1966), pp. kaya Obrabotka Metallov. ]
1114-1118.
69. Mangel, G., "Creep of Steel and Concrete in
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71. Manjoine, M. J. , "Stress Relaxation Character-
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( In German). fect of the Composition of Ferrite on the Resist-
ance of Chromium Steels to Relaxation", Metal
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612 and 20Kh1M1Fl Steels During Tension and [Translated from Metallovedenie i Termiches-
Failure", Metal Science and Heat Treatment of kaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, Aug. 1964, pp.
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datel' stvo Nauka, 1967. Pridantsev, ed., 380 pp. , Moscow, Izdatel'stvo
Nauka, 1967.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
DATA SOURCES 587
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Russian).
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
588 COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS
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and Metallurgical Properties of steels for steam of Metals, (1962), pp. 326-328. (Translated
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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014
Downloaded/printed by This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
University of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.