Sharp EL9900 en

EL-9900
MODEL
EL-9900
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
OPERATION MANUAL
SHARP CORPORATION
02CGK(TINSE0511EHZZ)
PRINTED IN CHINA/IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE/IMPRESO EN CHINA
®
In the U.S.A.
Declaration of Conformity
Graphing Calculator: EL-9900
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Responsible Party:
SHARP ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
Sharp Plaza, Mahwah, New Jersey 07430-1163
TEL: 1-800-BE-SHARP
Tested To Comply With FCC Standards
FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE
WARNING — FCC Regulations state that any unauthorized changes or modifications to this
equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to
operate this equipment.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy
and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interfer-
ence to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
— Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
— Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
— Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
— Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Note: A shielded interface cable is required to ensure compliance with FCC regulations for Class B
certification.
FOR YOUR RECORDS...

For your assistance in reporting this product in case of loss or theft, please
record the model number and serial number which are located on the bottom
of the unit.
Please retain this information.
Model Number
Serial Number
Date of Purchase
Place of Purchase
Introduction
This graphing calculator can handle many types of mathematical formulas and
expressions for you. It is powerful enough to process very complex formulas used in
rocket science, but yet so compact that it fits in your coat pocket. The main features of
this graphing calculator are as follows:
• Reversible Keyboard to suit the needs of students’ levels, ranging from middle-
school level arithmetic to high-school calculus, and beyond,
• Graphing Capability to help you visualize what you are working on,
• Slide Show Function to help you understand common formulas, prepare for presen-
tations,
• Large memory capacity, with fast processing speed, and more.
We strongly recommend you read this manual thoroughly. If not, then browse through
the very first chapter “Getting Started”, at least. Last, but not least, congratulations on
purchasing the Graphing Calculator!
NOTICE
• The material in this manual is supplied without representation or warranty of any
kind. SHARP assumes no responsibility and shall have no liability of any kind,
consequential or otherwise, from the use of this material.
• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all
important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory
product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility
for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use,
repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired,
or any other cause.
• SHARP assumes no responsibility, directly or indirectly, for financial losses or claims
from third persons resulting from the use of this product and any of its functions, the
loss of or alteration of stored data, etc.
• The information provided in this manual is subject to change without notice.
• Screens and keys shown in this manual may differ from the actual ones on the
calculator.
• Some of the accessories and optional parts described in this manual may not be
available at the time you purchase this product.
• Some of the accessories and optional parts described in this manual may be
unavailable in some countries.
• All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of
their respective holders. i
Introduction
Reversible Keyboard
This calculator comes equipped with a reversible keyboard. Reverse the keyboard to
select Basic Mode or Advanced Mode.
Basic Mode
A green background color keyboard with basic mathematical functions. This mode is
suitable for learning mathematics in lower grades.
ii
Introduction
Advanced Mode (Default mode)

A blue background color keyboard with advanced mathematical functions. This mode
is suitable for learning or studying mathematics in higher grades.
iii
Contents
Caring for Your Calculator ............................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1
Getting Started ..............................................................................................................2
Before Use ...................................................................................................................... 2
Using the Hard Cover ..................................................................................................... 3
Part Names and Functions ............................................................................................. 4
Main Unit ................................................................................................................. 4
Reversible Keyboard ............................................................................................... 6
Basic Key Operations ..................................................................................................... 8
Changing the Keyboard .................................................................................................. 9
Quick Run-through: Basic Mode ...................................................................................10
Chapter 2
Operating the Graphing Calculator ......................................................................... 13
Basic / Advanced Keyboard ..........................................................................................13
Basic Key Operations - Standard Calculation Keys ..................................................... 13
1. Entering numbers ............................................................................................. 14
2. Performing standard math calculations ............................................................ 15
Cursor Basics ............................................................................................................... 15
Editing Entries ..............................................................................................................17
Second Function Key .................................................................................................... 18
ALPHA Key ...................................................................................................................19
Math Function Keys ......................................................................................................20
MATH, STAT, and PRGM Menu Keys ........................................................................... 23
SETUP Menu ................................................................................................................ 24
SETUP Menu Items ......................................................................................................25
Precedence of Calculations ..........................................................................................27
Error Messages ............................................................................................................28
Resetting the Calculator ............................................................................................... 29
1. Using the reset switch ....................................................................................... 29
2. Selecting the RESET within the OPTION menu .............................................. 30
Chapter 3
Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard .................................................................... 31
1. Try it! ........................................................................................................................31
2. Arithmetic Keys .......................................................................................................33
3. Calculations Using Various Function Keys ............................................................. 35
4. Calculations Using MATH Menu Items ................................................................... 42
iv
Contents
Chapter 4
Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard ......................................................... 50
1. Try it! ........................................................................................................................50
2. Explanations of Various Graphing Keys ................................................................. 52
3. Other Useful Graphing Features ............................................................................. 58
Substitution feature ............................................................................................... 63
Chapter 5
Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard .................................................... 66
1. Try it! ........................................................................................................................66
2. Various Calculation Keys ........................................................................................ 67
3. Calculations Using MATH Menu ............................................................................. 70
4. More Variables: Single Value Variables and LIST Variables ................................... 80
5. TOOL Menu .............................................................................................................81
6. SETUP Menu .......................................................................................................... 83
Chapter 6
Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard .......................................... 84
1. Try it! ........................................................................................................................84
2. Graphing Parametric Equations .............................................................................. 87
3. Polar Graphing ........................................................................................................ 88
4. Graphing Sequences .............................................................................................. 89
5. The CALC Function ................................................................................................93
6. Format Setting ........................................................................................................ 95
7. Zoom Functions ......................................................................................................96
8. Setting a Window .................................................................................................... 98
9. Tables ...................................................................................................................... 99
10. The DRAW Function ............................................................................................. 102
11. Substitution Feature ..............................................................................................114
Chapter 7
SLIDE SHOW Feature .............................................................................................. 115
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 115
2. The SLIDE SHOW menu ...................................................................................... 118
Chapter 8
Matrix Features ........................................................................................................ 120
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 120
2. Entering and Viewing a Matrix ............................................................................. 122
Editing keys and functions ..................................................................................123
3. Normal Matrix Operations ..................................................................................... 124
4. Special Matrix Operations ..................................................................................... 125
Calculations using OPE menus ......................................................................... 125
Calculations using MATH menus ....................................................................... 129
Use of [ ] menus .................................................................................................. 130
v
Contents
Chapter 9
List Features ............................................................................................................ 131
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 131
2. Creating a list ....................................................................................................... 133
3. Normal List Operations .........................................................................................133
4. Special List Operations .........................................................................................135
Calculations using the OPE menu functions ..................................................... 135
Calculations using MATH Menus ....................................................................... 139
5. Drawing multiple graphs using the list function ................................................... 141
6. Using L_DATA functions ........................................................................................142
7. Using List Table to Enter or Edit Lists .................................................................. 143
How to enter the list ............................................................................................ 143
How to edit the list ..............................................................................................144
Chapter 10
Statistics & Regression Calculations .................................................................... 145
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 145
2. Statistics Features ................................................................................................149
1. STAT menus .................................................................................................. 149
2. Statistical evaluations available under the C CALC menu .......................... 150
3. Graphing the statistical data ................................................................................ 153
1. Graph Types .................................................................................................. 153
2. Specifying statistical graph and graph functions ......................................... 157
3. Statistical plotting on/off function ................................................................. 157
4. Trace function of statistical graphs .............................................................. 158
4. Data list operations ...............................................................................................159
5. Regression Calculations ....................................................................................... 160
6. Statistical Hypothesis Testing .............................................................................. 165
7. Distribution functions ............................................................................................ 177
Chapter 11
Financial Features ................................................................................................... 183
1. Try it! 1 .................................................................................................................. 183
Try it! 2 .................................................................................................................. 187
2. CALC functions .....................................................................................................189
3. VARS Menu .......................................................................................................... 193
Chapter 12
The SOLVER Feature ................................................................................................194
1. Three Analysis Methods: Equation, Newton, and Graphic .................................. 194
2. Saving/Renaming Equations for Later Use ......................................................... 200
3. Recalling a Previously Saved Equation ............................................................... 201
vi
Contents
Chapter 13
Programming Features ........................................................................................... 202
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 202
2. Programming Hints ...............................................................................................204
3. Variables .............................................................................................................. 206
Setting a variable ................................................................................................206
4. Operands ............................................................................................................. 206
Comparison operands ........................................................................................206
5. Programming commands ...................................................................................... 207
A PRGM menu ....................................................................................................207
B BRNCH menu .................................................................................................. 209
C SCRN menu ....................................................................................................209
D I/O menu ......................................................................................................... 209
E SETUP menu .................................................................................................. 210
F FORMAT menu ................................................................................................211
G S_PLOT menu ................................................................................................213
6. Flow control tools .................................................................................................. 214
7. Other menus convenient for programming .......................................................... 216
H COPY menu ....................................................................................................216
VARS menu ....................................................................................................... 217
8. Debugging ............................................................................................................ 219
9. Sample programs .................................................................................................. 220
Chapter 14
OPTION Menu ........................................................................................................... 222
Accessing the OPTION Menu .................................................................................... 222
1. Adjusting the screen contrast ...................................................................... 222
2. Checking the memory usage ....................................................................... 222
3. Deleting files .................................................................................................. 224
4. Linking to another EL-9900 or PC ............................................................... 224
5. Reset function ...............................................................................................227
Appendix ................................................................................................................... 228
1. Replacing Batteries ...............................................................................................228
2. Troubleshooting Guide ..........................................................................................231
3. Specifications ....................................................................................................... 233
4. Error Codes and Error Messages ........................................................................ 235
5. Error Conditions Relating to Specific Tasks ........................................................ 237
1. Financial ....................................................................................................... 237
2. Error conditions during financial calculations .............................................. 239
3. Distribution function ...................................................................................... 239
6. Calculation Range ................................................................................................. 241
1. Arithmetic calculation .................................................................................... 241
2. Function calculation ...................................................................................... 241
vii
Contents
3. Complex number calculation ........................................................................ 245

7. CATALOG Feature ................................................................................................246
8. List of Menu/Sub-menu Items .............................................................................. 247
1. MATH menus ................................................................................................. 247
2. LIST menus ................................................................................................... 249
3. STAT menus .................................................................................................. 251
4. STAT PLOT menus ........................................................................................253
5. DRAW menus ................................................................................................254
6. ZOOM menus ................................................................................................255
7. CALC menus ................................................................................................. 257
8. SLIDE SHOW menus ....................................................................................258
9. PRGM menus ................................................................................................258
10. MATRIX menus .............................................................................................261
11. FINANCE menus ...........................................................................................262
12. TOOL menus .................................................................................................263
13. SOLVER menus ............................................................................................264
INDEX ........................................................................................................................ 265
viii
Caring for Your Calculator
Caring for Your Calculator

• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it
may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and
is particularly fragile.
• Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car
dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to exces-
sively humid or dusty environments.
• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it
where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops,
water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also
cause malfunction.
• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents.
• Do not use a sharp pointed object or exert too much force when
pressing keys.
• Avoid excessive physical stress.
1
Chapter 1
Getting Started
Before Use
Inserting 1. Open the battery cover
batteries - located on the back of the
resetting the calculator. Pull down the
memory notch, then lift the battery
cover up to remove it.
2. Insert the batteries, as

indicated. Make sure that the
batteries are inserted in the
correct directions.
3. Pull off the insulation sheet

from the memory backup
battery.
4. Place the battery cover
back, and make sure that the
notch is snapped on.
5. Press O and you will
see the following message on the display:
PRESS [CL] KEY TO CLEAR ALL DATA
PRESS [ON] KEY TO CANCEL
Note: If the above message does not appear, check the direction of the
batteries and close the cover again. If this does not solve the
problem, follow the instruction described in "Resetting the
Calculator - 1. Using the reset switch" on page 29.
6. Press C to reset the calculator’s memory. The memory will
be initialized. Press any key to set the calculator ready for
normal calculation mode.
2
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Adjusting Since the display contrast may vary with the ambient temperature
display contrast and/or remaining battery power, you may want to adjust the
contrast accordingly. Here’s how:
1. Press @, then p.
2. Adjust the contrast by using the + and - keys.

+: increases the contrast
-: decreases the contrast
3. When done, press C to exit the mode.
Turning the Press @ o to turn the calculator off.

calculator OFF
Automatic power off function
• The calculator is automatically turned off when there is no key
operation for approximately 10 minutes (The power-off time
depends on the conditions.)
• The calculator will not automatically power off while it is
executing calculations (“■” flashes on the upper right corner of
the display.)
Using the Hard Cover

To open the cover: When in use:
When not in use:
3
Part Names and Functions

Main Unit
1 Display screen
2 Power ON/
4 Graphing keys
OFF key
5 Cursor keys
3 Key operation
keys
4
1 Display screen:
Displays up to 132 pixels wide by 64 pixels tall of graphs and texts.
2 Power ON/OFF key:
Turns calculator ON. To turn off the calculator, press @, then o.
3 Key operation keys:
These keys are used to change the key functions.
@: Changes the cursor to “2”, and the next keystroke enters the
function or mode printed above each key in yellow.
A: Changes the cursor to “A”, and the next keystroke enters the
alphabetical letter printed above each key in purple.
Note: Press @ . to lock the specific keys in the alphabet
entering mode. (ALPHA-LOCK)
4 Graphing keys:
These keys specify settings for the graphing-related mode.
Y: Opens the formula input screen for drawing graphs.

G: Draws a graph based on the formulas programmed in the Y
window.
T: Opens a Table based on the formulas programmed in Y.
W: Sets the display ranges for the graph screen.
Z: Changes the display range of the graph screen.
U: Places the cursor pointer on the graph for tracing, and displays
the coordinates.
,: Displays the substitution feature.
": Displays both a graph and a table at the same time.
y: Opens the table setup screen.
d: Draws items on the graph. Use this key also to save or recall the
graph/pixel data.
f: Sets the operations of the graph screen.
k: Calculates specific values based on formulas programmed in
Y
5
5 Cursor keys:
Enables you to move the cursor (appears as _, ■, etc. on the screen) in four
directions. Use these keys also to select items in the menu.
Reset switch (in the battery compartment):
Used when replacing batteries or clear the calculator memory.
# key: Returns calculator to calculation screen.
p key: Sets or resets the calculator settings, such as LCD contrast and memory
usage.
n key: Obtains the screen for the slide show.
l key: Accesses list features.
] key: Creates your own slide shows.
[ key: Sets the statistical plotting.
Reversible Keyboard
Basic keyboard Advanced keyboard
Basic Operation keys
E: Used when executing calculations or specifying commands.

C / q: Clear/Quit key
B: Backspace delete key
D: Delete key
i: Toggle input mode between insert and overwrite (in one-line edit
mode).
;: Allows you to set up the basic behavior of this calculator, such as
to set answers in scientific or normal notation.
6
Menu keys (Function of these keys may vary between basic and advanced mode.)
M: Enter the Math menu with additional mathematical functions.

S: Enter the statistics menu.
P: Enter the programming menu.
z: Enter the menu for calculator specific variables.
Advanced Mode specific keys

V: Converts hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary numbers or
solves systems of linear equations, finds roots for quadratic and
cubic equations.
m: Enter menu for matrix functions
': Enter screen and menu for Solver features
g: Enter menu for financial solver and functions
Scientific Calculation keys (See each chapter for details.)

Basic Mode specific keys
Q / / / < / >:
Fraction calculation keys
i: Integer division and remainder calculation keys
%: Percentage calculation key
* In Advanced mode, you can access above functions from
CATALOG menu.
Advanced Mode specific keys

s / c / t / s / c / t:
Trigonometric function keys
l / I / 0 / @:
Logarithm and exponential functions.
7
Basic Key Operations

Since this calculator has more than one function assigned to each key, you will need
to follow a few steps to get the function you need.
Example
@ x: Specify x-1
x-1 F
Operation of y A F: Specify character F
2
y: Specify x
• Press “as is” to get the function and number printed on each key.
• To access secondary function printed above each key in yellow, press
@ first, then press the key. Press C to cancel.
• To press the key printed above each key in purple, press A first,
then press the key. When in Menu selection screen however, you do
not have to press A to access the characters. Press C to
cancel.
• If you want enter alphabetical letters (purple) sequentially, use @
.. Press A to return to the normal mode.
• In this manual, alphanumeric characters to be entered are indicated
as they are (without using the key symbols). Use of the key symbol
indicates that it is for selecting the menu specified by the character or
number. The above example also indicates the key notation rules of
this manual.
8
Changing the Keyboard

This calculator is designed with a reversible keyboard, which by utilizing it will not only
change the appearance, but will also change the internal functions and configurations
of the calculator as well.
To change the 1. Press @ o to turn off the calculator’s power.

keyboard: 2. Open the battery
compartment cover.
Hold the calculator as
illustrated.
3. Slide the keyboard eject
tab (KEYBOARD
EJECT) down.
The keyboard will be
ejected.
Be careful not to drop
the keyboard on the floor, as this may damage it.
4. Turn the keyboard
over, and replace in
the calculator as
illustrated. Secure by
gently pressing the
keyboard until you
hear the notch click.
Note: Clean the edges and contact points of the keyboard and the
keyboard tap before reattaching the keyboard to the main unit.
DO NOT touch the pad portion in the keyboard tap.
5. Replace the battery compartment cover.
6. Press O.
7. Make sure that the message
shown on the right appears.
8. Press O.
9
When you reverse the keyboard, the following settings are automatically changed.
Basic → Advanced
• Simplifying: Auto (Auto at SIMPLE in SETUP menu)
Advanced → Basic
• Coordinate system: Rectangular coordinates (Rect at COORD
in SETUP menu.)
• Answer mode: Displays a mixed number if ANSWER is set to
complex numbers.
• Angle unit: Set to Deg if DRG is set to Grad.
• Decimal format: Set to FloatPt if FSE is set to Eng.
Quick Run-through: Basic Mode

Here are the major ingredients for 18 doughnuts:
1
4 cup warm water
3
4 cup warm milk
1
3 cup sugar
4 cups all-purpose flour
2 eggs
3 tablespoons butter
Based on these values, solve the following problems using the calculator.
Question If you make 60 doughnuts according to the above recipe,

how many cups of warm milk are required?
At first, you may calculate how many cups of warm milk are
required for 1 doughnut =
3
4 ÷ 18
As for the ordinary calculator, the answer is 0.041666666. But
how much is 0.04166666 of a cup of warm milk? The Basic mode
of this graphing calculator is initially set to the fraction answer
mode instead of the decimal answer mode. You may easily obtain
the answer in fraction.
10
Set up the 1. Press # to enter the

calculator calculation screen.
before 2. Press C to clear the
calculation display.
Enter fractions 3. Press 3 b 4 '.

4. Press b 18 '.
5. Press E.
1
Now we have found 24 of a cup of warm milk is required per one
doughnut, how many cups are required for 60 doughnuts?
If you want to use the answer of the previous calculation, press
b and you do not have to reenter the value.
6. Press @ b |, or directly | (multiplication).
“Ans×” is displayed. ANS is a calculator specific variable which

indicates the answer of calculations just before.
* When you enter + (addition), – (subtraction), × (multiplication),
÷ (division), it is not required to press b.
7. Press 60.
8. Press E.
1
Answer: 2
2 cups of warm milk are required for making 60 doughnuts.
11
On the Basic Mode, you can toggle between decimal values,

mixed values, and improper fractions using >, /, and
<, respectively.
1. Press > E.
2. Press < E.
3. Press / E.
Change answer 1. Press @ ;.

mode from
fractions to
decimals
2. Select F ANSWER and

press 1.
3. Press C.
Now the answer mode is set to the decimal answer mode and 2.5
is displayed.
12
Chapter 2
Operating the Graphing
Calculator
Basic / Advanced Keyboard
This calculator comes equipped with a reversible keyboard to support two different
keyboard configurations: Basic and Advanced keyboard. By reversing the keyboard,
the calculator switches its set of functions and behaviors as well as its visual aspect.
The Basic keyboard, with its key frame colored in dark green, is designed to be used
by students at lower grades of math classes. Functions associated with complex
calculations, such as matrix functions and various trigonometric functions, are not
included in this layout to avoid confusing students. Menu items are also carefully
chosen to meet the educational needs of the students at lower grades.
With the Advanced keyboard however, all functions and features are accessible for
higher grade math students and various professionals in the fields of architecture,
finance, mathematics, and physics.
How to switch the keyboard

See page 9.
Basic Key Operations - Standard Calculation Keys
The standard calculation keys, located at the bottom four rows of the keyboard,
enable you to access the basic functions of the calculator.
13
Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator
1. Entering numbers
Use the number keys (0 ~ 9), decimal point key (.), and negative
number key (_) to enter numbers into the calculator. To clear the screen entry,
press C.
Number entry Example

Type 10.23456789 onto the
Calculation screen.
1. Enter the Calculation screen,
then clear the screen entry:
#C
2. Enter numbers with the number keys and decimal point key, as
follows:
10 . 23456789
Note: $ can be used to enter a value in scientific notation.
Example
6.3 × 108 + 4.9 × 107
# C 6.3 $ 8 + 4.9
$7
Entering a The negative number key _ can be used to enter numbers,

negative value lists, and functions with negative values. Press _ before
entering the value.
Note: Do not use the - key to specify a negative value. Doing so
will result in an error.
Example
Type -9460.827513 into the
Calculation screen.
# C _ 9460.827513
14
2. Performing standard math calculations

By utilizing the + - | and = keys, you can perform the standard
arithmetic calculations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Press
E to perform each calculation.
Perform an Example
arithmetic Obtain the answer to “6 × 5 + 3
calculation – 2”.
#C6|5+3
-2E
Using With the ( and ) keys, parentheses (round brackets)

parentheses can be added to group sections of expressions. Sections within
the parentheses will be calculated first. Parentheses can also be
used to close the passings of values in various functions, such as
“ipart 3.14”.
Example
Obtain the answer to “(9 + 7) ×
(5 – 3)”.
#C(9+7
)|(5-3
)E
Note: The multiplication sign “×”, as the one in the above example, can
be abbreviated if it proceeds a math function, a parenthesis “(”, or
a variable. Abbreviating “(1 + 2) × 3” to “(1 + 2) 3” will result in an
error.
Cursor Basics
The cursor indicates where the next entry will be placed. The cursor may be placed
automatically to different areas by various functions and tools, or can be moved
around by using the ; ' { } keys. Use the cursor keys to select a
menu item, select a cell item in a matrix, and trace along a graph.
15
Example
Enter “ 4 65536 × 3 8 ” in the Calculation screen. Jump the cursor
to the beginning of the expression (just for this exercise), then
press E to calculate.
1. Press #, then C to clear the display.
2. Enter 4 for the root’s depth, then press @ _.
The root figure is entered, with the cursor automatically placed
below the figure.
For detailed instructions of how to use the @ key, refer to
“Second Function Key” and “ALPHA Key” in this chapter.
3. Enter 65536.
At this moment, the cursor is still placed under the root figure.
4. Press ' to move the cursor out of the area, then enter
| at the cursor.
5. Press @ _ again. Notice that the cursor is automati-
cally placed so that you can specify the depth of this root
figure. Type 3, }, and 8.
6. Press E to obtain the
answer.
Cursor appear- The cursor also displays information regarding the calculator’s
ance and input input method. See the following diagram.
method
Mode Symbol Remarks

Normal mode The appearance of the cursor pointer
may vary according to the mode or
When A is pressed position. The major shapes and the
definitions are as follows:
When @ is pressed : Insert mode
: Overwrite mode
a
* , and appear at the insertion point within the functions such as a/b and .
16
Editing Entries
Editing modes The calculator has the following two editing modes: equation
mode, and one line mode.
You can select one from the G EDITOR menu of the SETUP
menu.
Equation editor One line editor
* See page 26 for details.
Cursor naviga- Use ; ' { } to move the cursor around, and

tion use the D B C keys to edit entries.
• D key deletes an entry AT THE CURSOR.
• B key erases one BEFORE THE CURSOR.
• Use C to clear the entire entry line.
About the Insert When the editing mode is set to one-line, insert mode needs to
mode be manually specified. Press and release @, then i to
set the insert mode. Press @ i again to return to the
overwrite mode.
The C key clears all screen entries in the Calculation screen,
as well as clearing error messages. It also clears a single line
equation in the Y screen. For more information on the Y
key, refer to Chapters 4 and 6 of the manual.
Example
Type 3096, then change 3 to 4. When done, jump the cursor to
the very end of the numbers.
#C3096;
;;;D4
'''
17
Example
Type 4500000, then remove 500.
#C4500000;
;;BB
B
Tips: You can jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of line by
using the @ and ; ' keys. To learn about how to
use the @ key and its functions, refer to the section “Second
Function Key” of this chapter.
Second Function Key

Use @ to call up the calculator’s extended key functions, math functions and
figures.
All functions associated with @ are color coded light yellow, and are printed above
each key.
Note: Available Second function keys differ between the Basic keyboard
and the Advanced keyboard. For example, a second function “ex”
is not accessible within the Basic keyboard.
Example
Enter “2π” on the screen.
1. Press # C to clear the screen, then enter “2” by
pressing 2.
2. Press @. When the key
is released, the cursor on
the screen changes,
indicating that a second
function is now ready to be
called up.
3. Press $. The entry
appears on the screen.
18
ALPHA Key
Use A to enter an alphabet character. With the Basic keyboard, all 26 alphabet
characters from “A” up to “Z”, and space can be typed; the Advanced keyboard has all
26 characters accessible, as well as “θ ”, “=”, “ : ”, and space.
All functions associated with A are color coded purple, and are printed above
each key.
Note: Do not type out math figures (sin, log, etc.), graph equation
names (Y1, Y2, etc.), list names (L1, L2, etc.), or matrix names
(mat A, mat B, etc.), etc. with A keys. If “SIN” is entered from
A mode, then each alphabet character — “S”, “I” and “N” —
will be entered as a variable. Call up the figure and equation
names from within the second functions and various menus
instead. If a colon (:) is used, data may continue to be entered in
more than one term.
Entering one Example

Alphabet Enter 2 × A on the screen.
character 1. Press # C to clear
the screen. Enter “2 ×” by
pressing 2 |.
2. To enter “A”, press A;

the cursor pattern changes
to “A
_” upon releasing the key.
3. Press A to call “A” at the

cursor.
After the entry, the cursor
pattern changes back to
normal.
Entering 1 or To type more than one alphabet character, use @ then A

More Alphabet to apply the “ALPHA-LOCK”. When done, press A to escape
characters from the mode.
19
Math Function Keys

Basic keyboard
Advanced keyboard
Mathematical functions can be called up quickly with the Math Function keys. The
Math Function key sets for both the Basic and Advanced Keyboards are designed to
suit the needs of calculations at each level.
Math Function keys for the

Basic keyboard:
Q Reduces a fraction
/ Converts a number to a mixed fraction, if possible
< Converts a number to an improper fraction
> Converts a number to decimal form
i Gives an answer in quotient and remainder
% Specifies a percentage number
x Enters an variable “x” at the cursor
Math Function keys for the

Advanced keyboard:
s Enters a sine function at the cursor
s Enters an arc sine function at the cursor
c Enters a cosine function at the cursor
20
c Enters an arc cosine function at the cursor
t Enters a tangent function at the cursor
t Enters an arctangent function at the cursor
l Enters a logarithm function at the cursor
0 Enters “10 to the xth power”, then sets the cursor at the “x”
I Enters a natural logarithm function at the cursor
@ Enters “e-constant to the power of x”, then sets the cursor at the
“ x”
X Enters a variable “x”, “θ”, “T”, or “n”. The variable is automatically

determined according to the calculator’s coordinate setup: “x” for
rectangular, “θ” for polar, “T” for parametric, “n” for sequential.
Common Math Function

keys for both keyboards:
y Enters “ 2 ” at the cursor, to raise a number to the second power
x Enters “ -1 ” at the cursor, to raise a number to the negative first

power
d Enters a mixed number.
b Enters a fraction.
a Enters an exponent.
_ By itself enters a “root” figure; the cursor will be set at “a”, the
depth.
21
Note: If a number precedes d b a and _, then the

number will be set as the first entry of the figure. Else, the first
entry is blank and the cursor flashes.
Examples
2d3}
4'
d
;2'3}4'
+ Enters a “root” figure at the cursor
, Enters “ , ” (a comma) at the cursor
R Stores a number or a formula into a variable
r Recalls an item stored in a variable
z Brings up the VARS menu.
22
MATH, STAT, and PRGM Menu Keys

By using the M, S, and P keys, you can access many menu items for
complex calculation tasks. The appendix “List of Menu/Sub-menu Items” shows the
contents of each, with detailed descriptions of each sub-menu item.
Note that the contents of menu items differ drastically between the Basic keyboard
and the Advanced keyboard. For example, the P menu for the Basic mode
contains only one item (A EXEC), while in the Advanced mode there are three menu
items (A EXEC, B EDIT, and C NEW).
Example
Round the following number beyond the decimal point: 34.567
1. Press # C, then
M. The MATH menu
takes over the screen, as
shown to the right. MATH
menu items are displayed on
the left side of the screen.
Note: The example above is simulated on the Basic mode. There are
more menu items available with the Advanced mode.
2. Use the { and } keys to move the cursor up and
down the menu. As you scroll, you will see the corresponding
sub-menu contents (shown on the right side of the screen)
change.
3. Set the cursor at B NUM.
Menu items can also be selected by using shortcut keys (A
through H); in this example, simply press B to select B
NUM. There is no need to use A for this operation.
4. Press a shortcut key 2
to select 2 round(. The
screen now goes back to the
calculation screen, as
follows:
Another way of selecting the sub-menu item is to press '
(or E) on the menu item B NUM. The cursor will be
extended into the sub-menu on the right. Now, move the
cursor on the sub-menu down to 2 round(, then press E.
23
5. Type 3 4 . 5 6 7 ,
0 ), and press E.
SETUP Menu
Use this menu to verify basic configurations, such as to define the calculator’s editing
preferences, and scientific and mathematical base units.
Checking the To check the current configuration of the calculator, press @,

calculator’s then ;.
configuration
By entering menu items (B

DRG through H SIMPLE),
various setups can be changed.
To exit the SETUP menu, press
C.
Example
Display the calculation result of “10002” in scientific notation.
1. Press @, then ;.
Within the SETUP menu,
press C, then 3 to
select 3 Sci under the C
FSE menu.
Tips: Using the arrow keys, move the cursor down to the C FSE
position, press E, and then move the cursor down to the 3
Sci position. Press E to select the sub-menu item.
2. The display goes back to the
SETUP menu’s initial screen.
3. Press C to exit the
SETUP menu.
24
4. Press # C to clear
the Calculation screen, type
1 0 0 0 y, then E.
SETUP Menu Items

DRG: For trigonometric calculations and coordinate conversions,
various angle units can be selected:
Deg Angle values to be set in degrees (default for Basic

mode)
Rad Angle values to be set in radians (default for Advanced

mode)
Grad Angle values to be set in gradients (for Advanced mode

only)
FSE: Various decimal formats can be set:
FloatPt Answers are given in decimal form with a floating

decimal point (default).
Fix Answers are given in decimal form. The decimal point

can be set in the TAB menu.
Sci Answers are given in “scientific” notation. For example,

“3500” is displayed as “3.500000000E3”. The decimal
point can be set in the TAB menu.
Eng Answers are given in “engineering” notation with

exponents set to be multiples of 3. “100000” will be
displayed as “100.0000000E3”, and “1000000” will be
shown as “1.000000000E6”. The decimal point can be
set in the TAB menu. (for Advanced mode only)
Note: If the value of the mantissa does not fit within the range
±0.000000001 to ±9999999999, the display changes to
scientific notation. The display mode can be changed
according to the purpose of the calculation.
25
TAB: Sets the number of digits beyond the decimal point (0 through 9).
The default is “9”.
COORD: Sets the calculator to various graph coordinate systems.
Rect Rectangular coordinates (default)
Param Parametric equation coordinates (for Advanced mode

only)
Polar Polar coordinates (for Advanced mode only)
Seq Sequential graph coordinates (for Advanced mode

only)
ANSWER: Sets the answer preference to various number formats.
Decimal (Real) Answers will be given in decimal form (default for

Advanced mode)
Mixed (Real) Answers will be given in mixed fractions, whenever

appropriate (default for Basic mode)
Improp (Real) Answers will be given in improper fractions, whenever

appropriate
x±yi (Complex) Answers will be given in complex rectangular form (for

Advanced mode only)
r∠θ (Complex) Answers will be given in complex polar form (for

Advanced mode only)
EDITOR: Sets the editing style to one of two available formats.
Equation Formulas can be

entered in a "type it
as you see it ap-
proach" (default
setting).
One line Formulas will be

displayed on one line.
26
Notes: Immediately after changing the EDITOR, the calculator will return
to the calculation screen and the following data will be cleared.
• ENTRY memory
• Equations stored in the graph equation window (Y)
• Equations temporally stored in the SOLVER window (@
')
* Resetting to the default settings (@ p E 1)
will also clear the above data.
Expression of up to 114 bytes can be enetered in the Equation
edit mode. If the expression exceed the screen width, it is
horizontally extended.
Expression of up to 160 bytes can be entered in One-line edit
mode. if the expression exceed the screen width, it goes to the
next line.
SIMPLE: Sets the preference for handling reducible fractions.
Auto Fractions will automatically be reduced down (default)
Manual Fractions will not be reduced unless Q is pressed
Note: All the procedures in this manual are explained using the default
settings unless otherwise specified.
Precedence of Calculations
When solving a mathematical expression, this calculator inter-
nally looks for the following figures and methods (sorted in the
order of evaluation):
1) Fractions (1/4, a/b, , etc.)
2) Complex angles (∠)
3) Single calculation functions before a numerical value (X2, X-1,
!, “ ° ”, “ r ”, and “ g ”)
a
4) Exponential functions (ab, , etc)
5) Multiplications between a value and a stored variable/con-
stant, with “×” abbreviated (2π, 2A, etc.)
6) Single calculation functions after a numerical value (sin, cos,
tan, sin-1, cos-1, tan-1, log, 10x, ln, ex, , abs, int, ipart, fpart,
(–), not, neg, etc.)
27
7) Multiplications between a number and a function in #6

(3cos20, etc. “cos20” is evaluated first)
8) Permutations and combinations (nPr, nCr)
9) ×, ÷
10) +, –
11) and
12) or, xor xnor
13) Equalities and nonequalities (<, ≤, >, ≥, ≠, =, →deg, →dms,
etc.)
Example
The key operation and calculation precedence
5 + 2 | s 30 + 25 | 5 a 3 E
1st 4th
2nd 5th
3rd
6th
• If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have
precedence over any other calculations.
Error Messages
The calculator will display an error message when a given
command is handled incorrectly, or when instructions cannot be
handled correctly such that the task cannot be processed further.
Various types of error messages are given to inform users the
types of situations to be remedied.
For example, performing the
following key strokes:
5|E
will result in an error, and the
error message will be displayed.
In such a situation, you can go back to the expression to correct
its syntax by pressing ; or ', or you can erase the
entire line to start over by pressing C.
For a list of various error codes and messages, refer to the
appendix.
28
Resetting the Calculator

Use the reset when a malfunction occurs, to delete all data, or to set all mode values
to the default settings. The resetting can be done by either pressing the reset switch
located in the battery compartment, or by selecting the reset in the OPTION menu.
Resetting the calculator’s memory will erase all data stored by the user; proceed with
caution.
1. Using the reset switch

1. Pull down the notch to open the battery cover located on the
back of the calculator.
2. Place the battery cover back until the notch is snapped on.
3. Press O.
The verification window will
appear on the screen.
4. Press C to clear all the
stored data. Press O to
cancel resetting. After C
is pressed, the calculator's
memory will be initialized.
Press any key to display the
calculation screen.
Note: If the above verification window does not appear, remove the
battery cover and gently push the RESET switch with the tip of a
ball-point pen or a similar object.
DO NOT use a tip of a pencil
or mechanical pencil, a
broken lead may cause a
damage to the button mecha-
nism.
29
• The message on the right may

occasionally appear. In this
case, repeat the procedure
from step 1 to prevent loss of
data.
2. Selecting the RESET within the OPTION menu

1. Press @, then p.
The OPTION menu appears.
2. While in the OPTION menu,

press E to select E
RESET; the RESET sub-
menu items should appear on
the right side of the screen.
3. The first item 1 default set will initialize only the SETUP and
FORMAT settings, while the second item 2 All memory will
erase all memory contents and settings. To reset the memory,
select 2 All memory by pressing 2. The verification
window will appear.
4. Press the C key to clear
all data stored on the
calculator.
Press any key to continue.
30
Chapter 3
Basic Calculations —
Basic Keyboard
In this chapter, we explore more features of this calculator using the Basic Keyboard.
Features such as fraction to decimal conversion and the quotient-remainder key, as
well as basic arithmetic calculations, will be covered in this chapter.
Note: To try the examples in the chapter, it is required that the Basic Keyboard is
already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Basic Keyboard, read
“Changing the Keyboard” in Chapter 1.
1. Try it!
The speed of light is known to be 186,282
miles (approximately 300,000 kilometers) per
second. That means light can go around the
earth 7 and a half times within a second!
Suppose you are standing at the equator.
While the earth rotates over the period of one
day, you also rotate around the globe at a
certain speed. Knowing the facts above, can
you figure out how fast you are traveling, in
miles per hour?
Since distance traveled = average speed × time taken, the

following equation can be formed to find out the circumference of
the earth (x miles):
x × 7.5 = 186282
Then,
x = 186282 ÷ 7.5
Since you know the earth turns around once a day (which means,
in 24 hours), divide the above “x” with 24 to get a value in miles
per hour.
24 × v = x
x
v = 24
31
Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard
CONCEPT
1. Enter a math expression, then perform the calculation.
2. Save a number into a variable, then recall the value later.
PROCEDURE
1. First, press #, then C to clear any screen entries.
2. Type 186282 = 7.5,
then press E. The
circumference of the earth is
thus obtained.
3. Store the answer in a variable. A variable is a symbol under

which you can store a numerical value.
We will use variable A to
store the circumference of
the earth. Press R to set
the “store” mode. Press
A A, then E to
store the answer. To call up
the stored answer, press A A E again.
Note: While checking the stored values, you may see “0”; this means
that no value is stored in the variable.
4. Now, since the value you
have stored under “A” is the
distance you will be travel-
ling in 24 hours, divide the
number by 24. Press A
A = 24, then E.
So, you are travelling at 1034.9 miles/hour. That is fast!
32
2. Arithmetic Keys
Performing There are various keys for arithmetic calculations. Use the +
addition, - | =, _, ( and ) keys to perform
subtraction, basic arithmetic calculations. Press E to solve an equation.
multiplication
and division
E Executes an expression.
Example
• Calculate 1 + 2.
#C1+2E
A Note about An expression is a mathematical statement that may use num-

expressions bers and/or variables that represent numbers. This works just like
a regular word sentence; one may ask “how are you?”, and you
may answer “okay.” But what if an incomplete sentence is thrown,
such as “how are”? You’ll wonder, “how are... what?”; it just
doesn’t make sense. A math expression needs to be complete as
well. 1 + 2, 4x, 2sinx + cosx form valid expressions, while “1 +” and
“cos” do not. If an expression is not complete, the calculator will
display an error message upon pressing the E key.
+ Enters a “+” sign for addition.

Example
• Calculate 12 + 34.
#C12+34
E
- Enters a “–” sign for subtraction.

Example
• Subtract 21 from 43.
43-21E
33
| Enters a “×” sign for multiplication.

Example
• Multiply 12 by 34.
12|34E
= Enters a “÷” sign for division.

Example
• Divide 54 by 32.
54=32E
When to leave The multiplication sign can be left out when:

out the “×” sign a. It is placed in front of an
open parenthesis.
b. It is followed by a variable or
a mathematical constant (π,
e, etc.):
c. It is followed by a scientific
function, such as sin, log,
etc.:
Entering a number
with a negative value
_ Sets a negative value.

Example
• Calculate -12 × 4.
_12|4E
Note: Do not use the - key to enter a negative value; use the
_ key instead.
34
( Enters an open parenthesis. Use with “)” as a pair, or the calcula-

tion will result in an error.
) Enters a closing parenthesis; a parenthesis left open will result in

an error.
Example
• Calculate (4 + 6) ÷ 5.
(4+6)=
5E
Note: Functions, such as “round(”,
automatically include an open parentheses. Each of these
functions needs to be closed with a closing parenthesis.
3. Calculations Using Various Function Keys

Use the calculator’s function keys to simplify various calculation tasks. The calculator’s
Basic Keyboard is specially designed to help you learn/solve fraction calculations
easier.
Q Simplifies a given fraction stored in the ANSWER memory.

(Set the SIMPLE mode to Manual in the SETUP menu to use this
key.)
Specifying no common factor

Simplify the fraction using the lowest common factor other than 1.
Example
1 b 12 ' + 5
b 12 E
Q E (Simplified by 2,
the lowest common factor of 12
and 6.)
Q E (Simplified by 3,
the lowest common factor of 6
and 3.)
35
Specifying a common factor

Simplify the fraction using the specified common factor.
Example
1 b 12 ' + 5
b 12 E
Q 6 E (Manually
specify 6, the Greatest Com-
mon Factor of 12 and 6, to
simplify the fraction.)
Note: If the wrong number is specified for a common factor, an error will
occur.
Q is effective in a fraction calculation mode only (when the
ANSWER mode is set to Mixed or Improp in the SETUP menu).
/ Converts an improper fraction to a mixed number.

Example
12
• Change 5 to a mixed
number.
12 b 5 ' /
E
< Converts a mixed number to an

improper fraction.
Example
2
• Change 2 5 to an improper fraction.
<E
> Converts a fraction to a decimal

number.
Example
12
• Change 5 to a decimal
number.
>E
Note: Above three conversions will not affect the ANSWER settings in
the SET UP menu.
If a decimal number is not rational, fraction conversion will not
function and display the answer in decimal format.
36
i Performs an integer division, and returns a quotient and a

remainder.
Example
• Get a quotient and a remain-
der of 50 ÷ 3.
50 i 3 E
* Quotient value is set to Ans
memory and remainder is not
stored.
y Squares the preceding number.

Example
• Obtain the answer to 122. (= 144)
12 y E
Note: When no base number is entered, the base number area will be
left blank and just the exponent appear.
C y ;1 2 ' E
d Enters a mixed number.

Example
5
• Enter 4 6
4d5'6E
Note: When no value is entered prior to this key, the number areas will
be left blank.
* If the calculator is set to one-line mode, d enters “ ”
(integer-fraction separator) only. Use d in combination with
b as follows.
5
• Enter 4 6 in one-line mode
4d5b6E
* Integer part of the mixed
number must be a natural
number. A variable can not be
used. Equation or use of parenthesis, such as (1+2) 2 ¬ 3 or
(5) 2 ¬ 3, causes syntax error.
* When a numerator or a denominator is negative, the calculator
will cause error.
37
b Enters a fraction, setting the preceding number as its numerator.

* If the calculator is set to one-line mode, then “ ¬” will be entered
2
instead. For example, “2 ¬ 5” indicates “ ”.
5
Example
2 3
• Calculate 5 + 4 .
2b5'+b
3'4'E
a Enters an exponent, setting the preceding number as its base.

Example
• Raise 4 to the 5th power. (= 1024)
4a5E
Note: When no base value is entered, “ab” will be entered with both
number areas left blank.
Ca;4'5E
When calculating x to the power of m-th power of n, enter as
follows;
• Calculate 232 (= 512)
2a3a2E
The above calculation is interpreted as 232 = 29.
If you wish to calculate (23)2 = 82, press ( 2 a 3 '
) a 2 E.
, Enters a comma “ , ” at the cursor. A comma is required in some

of the MATH functions. For more information, refer to the next
section “Calculations Using MATH Menu Items” in this chapter.
R Stores a number in a variable.

Example
• Let A = 4, and B = 6.
Calculate A + B.
4RAAE
6RABE
AA+ABE
38
x Enters an “x”, an unknown variable. Use this key when working

with graph equations. Refer to Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing
Features” to learn how to use this feature.
Second To access the second function of a key (printed above the keys in
functions yellow), press and release @, then press the key you want to
use.
% Set the preceding value as a percentage.

Example
• Get 25% of 1234.
1234|25@
%E
* Percentage must be a positive
value equal to or less than
100.
x Enters “x-1”, and returns an inverse by raising a value to the -1

1
power. The inverse of “5”, for example, is “ 5 ”.
Example
• Raise 12 to the -1 power. (= 0.083333333)
12@xE
Note: When no base number is entered, “x-1” will be entered, with “x” left
blank.
C @ x ;1 2 E
_ Enters “ a ”.
Example
• Bring 4 to the 5th root. (= 1.319507911)
5@_4E
Note: When no depth of power is entered, “ a ” is entered, with both
number areas left blank.
C@_5'4E
+ Enters a square root symbol.

Example
• Obtain the square root of 64. (= 8)
@+64E
39
r Recalls a variable.
Example
• Set C = 8.
8RACE
Recall the value of C.
@rACE
z Accesses the VARS menu. Refer to chapters 4 and 6 to learn how

to use each item in this menu.
{} Enter braces to group numbers as a list.
b Recalls the previous answer. Use this key to incorporate the

answer to the previous calculation into an expression.
Example
• Perform 3 × 3.
3|3E
Subtract the value of the
previous answer from “10”.
10-@bE
Note: b can be considered as a variable; its value is automatically
set when E is pressed. If b is not empty, then pressing
+, -, |, or = will recall “Ans” and places it at
the beginning of an expression. If “1” was the previous answer,
then pressing + 4 E will result in “5”.
40
e Recalls the previous entry. This is useful when you want to modify
the previous entry, rather than reenter the whole expression over.
Example
• Calculate 4 × 6.
4|6E
Next, calculate 4 × 8.
@eB8E
Note: Executed expressions are stored in a temporary memory in the
executed order. If the temporary memory is full, the oldest data is
automatically deleted. Be aware that e may not function on
these occasions.
A maximum of 160 bytes can be stored in the temporary memory.
The capacity may vary when there are division codes between
expressions.
When switching from equation edit mode to one-line edit mode in
the SETUP menu, all the numerical and graph equations stored in
the temporary memory are cleared and cannot be recalled.
$ Enters “pi”. Pi is a mathematical constant, representing the ratio

of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Example
• Enter “2π”. (= 6.283185307)
2@$E
j Calls up the CATALOG menu. From the CATALOG menu, you can
directly access various functions in the menus.
• Functions are listed in alphabetic order.
• Move the cursor using the {/} keys and press E
to access or enter the function.
• Press A and an appropriate alphabetic key (A to Z) to
navigate the catalog.
• Press A + {/} to scroll the catalog page by page
and press @ + {/} to jump to the beginning or the
end of the catalog.
• See page 246 for details.
41
4. Calculations Using MATH Menu Items

The MATH menu contains functions used for more elaborate math concepts, such as
trigonometry, logarithms, probability, and math unit/format conversions. The MATH
menu items may be incorporated into your expressions.
Note: The default angle measurement unit while using the calculator’s
Basic Keyboard is degrees. If you wish to work in radians, then
the configuration must be changed in the SET UP menu. For
more information, see page 25.
A Note about The degree and radian systems are two of the basic methods of
Degrees and measuring angles. There are 360 degrees in a circle, and “2-pi”
Radians radians. 1 degree is equal to pi/180 radians. “Then, what’s this
pi?”, you may ask. Pi, or to use its symbol “π”, is the ratio of the
circumference of a circle to its diameter. The value of π is the
same for any circle “3.14...”, and it is believed to have an infinite
number of digits beyond the decimal point.
A CALC
The CALC sub-menu contains items to be used in calculations
containing trigonometric and logarithmic functions.
Note: The following examples show keystrokes with keyboard shortcuts.
It is also possible to select a sub-menu item using the cursor
keys.
1 sin Enters a sine function to be used in a trigonometric calculation.

Example
• Calculate sine 90°.
MA190E
2 cos Enters a cosine function to be

used in a trigonometric calcula-
tion.
Example
• Calculate cosine 60°.
MA260E
42
3 tan Enters a tangent function to be used in a trigonometric calcula-

tion.
Example
• Calculate tangent 45°.
MA345E
4 log Enters a “log” function for a logarithmic calculation

Example
• Calculate log 100.
MA4100
E
5 10x Enters a base of 10, setting the

cursor at the exponent.
Example
• Calculate 5 × 105.
5|MA55E
B NUM
Use the NUM sub-menu items when converting between various
number systems.
1 abs( abs(value)
Returns an absolute value.
* A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used
as values.
Example
• Find an absolute value of
“-40.5”.
MB1_40
.5E
43
2 round( round(value [, digit number of decimals])

Returns the rounded value of the term in parentheses. A rounding
point can be specified.
as values.
Example
• Round off 1.2459 to the nearest hundredth. (= 1.25)
MB21.2459,2)E
3 ipart ipart value

Returns only the integer part of a decimal number.
as values.
Example
• Discard the integer part of 42.195. (= 42)
MB342.195E
4 fpart fpart value

Returns only the fraction part of a decimal number.
as values.
Example
• Discard the fraction part of 32.01. (= 0.01)
MB432.01E
5 int int value

Rounds down a decimal number to the closest integer.
Example
• Round down 34.56 to the nearest whole number. (= 34)
MB534.56E
44
6 min( min(list)
Finds and returns the minimum value within a list of numbers. To
define a list of more than two numbers, group the numbers with
brackets (@ { and @ }), with each element
separated by a comma.
Example
• Find the smallest value among 4, 5, and -9.
MB6@{4,5,_9
@})E
7 max( max(list)
Finds and returns the maximum
value within a list of numbers.
Example
• Find the largest value among 4, 5, and -9.
MB7@{4,5,_9
@})E
8 lcm( lcm(natural number, natural number)

Returns the least common multiple of two integers.
Example
• Find the least common multiple of 12 and 18.
MB812,18)E
9 gcd( gcd(natural number, natural

number)
Returns the greatest common
divisor of two integers.
Example
• Find the greatest common divisor of 16 and 36.
MB916,36)E
45
0 remain natural number remain natural number

Returns the remainder of a division.
Example
• Obtain the remainder when
123 is divided by 5.
123MB05
E
C PROB
Use the PROB sub-menu items for probability calculations.
1 random random [(number of trial)]

Returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1.
Example
• Make a list with three random
numbers.
Note: Set the “FSE” to “Fix” and “TAB”
to “0”.
@{MC
1 | 100 , M C 1 | 100 ,
M C 1 | 100 @ } E
Note: The random functions (random, rndInt(, rndCoin, and rndDice)
will generate different numbers every time when the display is
redrawn. Therefore, the table values of the random functions will
be different every time. When in case of random-based graphing
calculations, the tracing values and other parameters of the graph
will not match the graph's visual representation.
2 rndInt( rndInt(minimum value, maximum value [, number of trial])

Returns a specified number of random integers, between a
minimum and a maximum value.
Example
• Produce eight random integers, ranging between values of 1
and 6.
MC21,6,3)E
* Minimum value: 0 ≤ xmin ≤ 1010
Maximum value: 0 ≤ xmax ≤ 1010
Number of trial: 1 ≤ n ≤ 999
46
3 rndCoin rndCoin [(number of trial)]

Returns a specified number of random integers to simulate a coin
flip: 0 (head) or 1 (tail). The size of the list (i.e., how many times
the virtual coin is thrown) can be specified. (The same as rndInt
(0, 1, number of times))
Example
• Make the calculator flip a
virtual coin 4 times.
MC3(4
)E
4 rndDice rndDice [(number of trial)]

Returns specified number of random integers (1 to 6) to simulate
rolling dice. The size of the list (i.e., how many times the die is
thrown) can be specified. (The same as rndInt (1, 6, number of
times))
Example
• Make the calculator roll a virtual die 11 times.
M C 4 ( 11 ) E
5 nPr Returns the total number of different arrangements (permuta-

tions) for selecting “r” items out of “n” items.
n!
nPr =
(n – r)!
Example
• How many ways can 6
persons be seated in a car
with 4 seats?
6MC54E
47
6 nCr Returns the total number of combinations for selecting “r” item out
of “n” items.
n!
n Cr =
r!(n – r)!
Example
• How many different groups of
7 students can be formed with
15 students?
15MC67
E
7 ! Returns a factorial.
Example
• Calculate 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1.
6MC7E
D CONV
CONV sub-menu items are to be used when converting a number
in decimal form (degrees) to a number in sexagesimal form
(degrees, minutes, seconds), or vice versa.
Sexagesimal The “base 60” sexagesimal system, as well as the minutes-

and Degree second measurement system, was invented by the Sumerians,
System who lived in the Mesopotamia area around the fourth millennium
B.C.(!) The notion of a 360 degrees system to measure angles
was introduced to the world by Hipparchus (555-514 B.C.) and
Ptolemy (2nd cent. A.D.), about 5000 years later. We still use
these ancient systems today, and this calculator supports both
formats.
1 →deg Takes a number in sexagesimal form, and converts it into a

decimal number.
Example
• Convert 34° 56’ 78” to
degrees.
34ME156
M278 M
3 MD1
E
48
2 →dms Takes a number in decimal form (in degrees), and converts it into
a sexagesimal number. To enter a number in sexagesimal form,
use items in the “ANGLE” sub-menu, described in the next
subsection of this Chapter.
Example
• Show 40.0268 degrees in
degrees, minutes, and
seconds.
4 0 . 0268 M D
2E
E ANGLE
The Basic mode has two angle modes: Deg (degree) and Rad
(radian). Use the E ANGLE menu to enter a degree value in Rad
mode or a radian value in Deg mode. (The gradient mode is not
included in the Basic mode. Refer to Chapter 5 for details.)
1 ° Inserts a degree, and sets the preceding value in degrees.
2 ’ Inserts a minute, and sets the preceding value in minutes.
3 ” Inserts a second, and sets the preceding value in seconds.
Example
• Enter 34° 56’ 78”.
34ME1
5 6 M 2 ← “E ANGLE” remains selected;
78M3 type the number to enter the symbols.
E
4 r Enters an “r”, to enter a number in radians.

Example
• Type 2 radian.
2ME4E
49
Chapter 4
Basic Graphing Features
— Basic Keyboard
This chapter takes the knowledge you have gained in Chapter 3 several steps further.
Note: To try the examples in this chapter, it is required that the Basic Keyboard is
already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Basic Keyboard, read
1. Try it!
There are two taxi cab companies in your city, Tomato Cab and Orange Cab,
with different fare systems. The Tomato Cab charges $2.00 upon entering the
taxi cab, and $1.80 for each mile the taxi travels. The Orange Cab, on the other
hand, charges $3.50 plus $1.20 per mile. This means that taking the Tomato
Cab will initially cost less than
going with the Orange Cab, but
will be more expensive as you
travel longer distances.
Suppose you need to go to a place
3 miles away from where you are
now. Which cab company should
you take to save money?
Two math expressions can be derived from the above fare

systems. If “y” represents the cost, while “x” represents the
mileage, then:
y = 2 + 1.8x .................... Tomato Cab’s fare system
y = 3.5 + 1.2x ................ Orange Cab’s fare system
Use the calculator’s graphing capabilities to figure out the
approximate point where the Orange Cab gets ahead of the
Tomato Cab, in terms of cost performance.
50
Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard
CONCEPT
1. By using two linear graphs, the approximate crossing point
can be found.
2. The exact crossing point can be found with the TABLE
function.
PROCEDURE
1. Press Y to enter the Graph Equation window. Six equa-
tion entry areas appear, from “Y1=” to “Y6=”. Since we need
only two equations in this exercise, let’s use “Y1=” and “Y2=”.
2. By default, the cursor should be placed on the right side of the
“Y1=” equation, next to the equal sign. If this is not so, use the
cursor keys to bring the cursor to the “Y1=” line, then press the
C key to clear any entries. The cursor will automatically be
placed to the right of the equal sign.
3. Enter the first equation, “2 + 1.8X”, to represent the Tomato
Cab’s fare system.
2+1.8x
Use the x key to enter the “x”, representing the distance
in miles.
4. When the equation line is complete, press E. The first
equation is now stored, and the cursor automatically jumps to
the second line, where the second equation can be entered.
5. At the second line, press
C to clear any entries,
then enter “3.5 + 1.2X” to
represent the Orange Cab’s
fare system. When done
entering the equation, press
E. The two equations are now ready to graph.
6. Press G to draw the graphs.
To draw a graph, “=” must be highlighted. If not, move the
cursor to “=” of the targeted equation and press E to draw
a graph, and press E again not to draw a graph.
51
Graph Basics
The graph examples in this exercise are called X-Y graphs. An
X-Y graph is quite useful for clearly displaying the relationship
between two variables.
7. Let’s take a look at the
graph. The vertical axis
represents the Y value, while
X is represented by the
horizontal axis. It appears
that the two diagonal lines
cross at the point where the X value is somewhere between 2
and 3, indicating that Orange Cab costs less than the other,
after 3 miles of traveling.
8. Next, press T to find the
values per graph increment.
When the traveling distance
is 2 miles, the Tomato Cab
charges 30 cents less overall
than the Orange Cab, but it
costs 30 cents more at 3 miles. To make the X increment
smaller, press @ y.
9. When the Table setting window appears, move the cursor
down to “TBLStep”, type . 5, and press E. Now
the Y values will be sampled at every 0.5 mile.
10. Press T to show the
table again. It indicates that
when the X value is 2.5, both
Y1 and Y2 values are 6.5. It
is now clear that if you are
traveling 2.5 miles or more,
the Orange Cab costs less.
2. Explanations of Various Graphing Keys

Y: Displays the Graph Equation window. Up to 10 different equations
can be entered.
After the graph expression is entered, press E to store the
equation.
52
=: The expression can be represented as a graph.

=: The expression cannot be drawn as a graph.
• Move the cursor pointer to the “=” sign and press E to
change between to-draw and not-to-draw.
Note: To switch the window back to the calculation screen, simply press
the # key.
G: Draws a full-screen graph based on the equation(s) entered in the

Graph Equation window. To cancel the graph drawing, press
O.
Note: If no equations are entered in the Graph equation window, only
the vertical (Y) and horizontal (X) axis will be displayed upon
pressing the G key.
T: Displays the graph values in a table. The default sample incre-

ment value of the graph’s X axis is “1”.
Z: Displays the ZOOM menu. Within the ZOOM menu, various

preferences can be set for the graph appearance on zooming in/
out .
The menu items with each function and the sub-menu items are
described below:
A ZOOM
There are a myriad of tools under this menu item, by which the
graph can be zoomed in/out in various styles. Press “A” within the
ZOOM menu to select this menu item.
1 Auto According to the WINDOW setup, the graph will be

zoomed in by adjusting the “Ymin” (the minimum Y
value) and “Ymax” (the maximum Y value) according to
the “Xmin” (the minimum X value) and “Xmax” (the
maximum X value). When this item is selected, the
graph will automatically be redrawn.
Note: The “Auto” sub-menu item is directly affected by how the WIN-
DOW items are set up. Refer to the W key section in this
chapter to learn how to set up the Xmin and Xmax items.
53
2 Box A box area can be specified with this sub-menu tool so

that the area within the box will be displayed full
screen.
To select a box area to zoom:
1. While the ZOOM menu item is selected within the
ZOOM window, press 2 to select 2 Box.
2. The graph appears on the screen. Use the cursor
keys to position the cursor at a corner of the
required box area. Press E to mark the point as
an anchor.
3. Once the initial anchor is set, move the cursor to a
diagonal corner to define the box area. When the
required area is squared off, press E.
If a mistake is made, the anchor can be removed by
pressing the C key.
4. The graph will automatically be redrawn.
3 In A zoomed-in view of the graph will be displayed, sized

according to the B FACTOR set up under the ZOOM
menu. For example, if the vertical and horizontal zoom
factors are set to “2”, then the graph will be magnified
two times. Refer to the B FACTOR segment of this
section for more information.
4 Out The graph image will be zoomed out according to the B

FACTOR setup under the ZOOM menu.
5 Default The graph will be displayed with default graph setting

(Xmin = -10, Xmax = 10, Xscl = 1, Ymin = -10, Ymax =
10, Yscl = 1)
6 Square Set the same scale for X and Y axes. The Y-axis scale
is adjusted to the current X-axis scale. The graph will
be redrawn automatically.
7 Dec Sets the screen dot as 0.1 for both axes. The graph will
then be redrawn automatically.
8 Int Sets the screen dot as 1.0 for both axes. The graph will
then be redrawn automatically.
9 Stat Displays all points of statistical data set.

54
B FACTOR
Use this menu to set the vertical and horizontal zooming factor.
The factor set under this menu directly affects the zoom rate of
the 3 In and 4 Out sub-menu tools under the ZOOM menu, as
described above.
To set the zooming factor, do the following:

1. Within the
B FACTOR menu,
press E to
activate the setup
tool.
2. When the “Zoom factor” window appears, the cursor

is automatically placed at “X_Fact=”. The default
zoom factor is 4; enter the required value here.
3. Pressing E after entering a value will switch the
cursor position to “Y_Fact=”. Enter the required
zooming factor, and press E.
4. To go back to the ZOOM menu, press the Z
key.
C POWER
1 x2 Use this zooming tool when the equation contains a

form of “x2”.
2 x–1 Use this zooming tool when the equation contains a

form of “x-1”.
3 x Use this tool to zoom correctly when the equation

contains a form of “ x ”.
D EXP
1 10X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of

“10x”.
2 log X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “log
x”.
55
E TRIG
1 sin X Use this when the equation contains a sine function.
2 cos X Use this when the equation contains a cosine function.
3 tan X Use this when the equation contains a tangent func-

tion.
F STO
Under this menu item there is one tool that enables the storing of
graph window settings.
1 StoWin By selecting this sub-menu item, the current graph

window setup will be stored.
Note: The actual graph image will not be stored with this tool.
G RCL
Under this menu item there are two tools that enable the recalling
of the previous graph window setup:
1 RclWin On selecting this sub-menu item, the previously stored

window setup will be recalled, and the graph will be
redrawn accordingly. If no window setup has been
stored previously, the default graph window setup will
be used.
2 PreWin On selecting this sub-menu item, the window setup

prior to the current zoom setup will be recalled, and the
graph will be redrawn accordingly.
56
U: Press this button to trace the graph drawn on the screen, to

obtain the X-Y coordinates:
1. While the graph is displayed,
press the U key. The
cursor appears, flashing on
the graph line, with the
present X-Y coordinates.
2. Trace the graph using the ; or ' keys. The ; key
decreases the value of x, while the ' key increases it.
3. Pressing the U key again will redraw the graph, with the
cursor at the center of the screen. If the cursor is moved
beyond the range of the screen, pressing the U key will
redraw the screen centered around the cursor.
4. When done, press the C key to escape the tracing
function.
If more than one graph is displayed on the screen, use the {
or } keys to switch the cursor from one graph to the other.
Note: If the U key is not activated, the cursor will not be bound to
the graph. Pressing the ;, ', {, or } keys will
position the free-moving flashing cursor on the graph display.
W: Displays the graph window setup. The setup values — the

minimum/maximum X/Y values, and X/Y-axis scale — can be
changed manually:
1. While the graph is displayed
on the screen, press the
W key. The following
window appears, with the
cursor set at “Xmin=”.
2. The required X-minimum value can be entered here. This
limits the left boundary of the graph window. For example, if
“Xmin=” is set to “0”, then the portion of the graph’s Y-axis to
the left will not be displayed.
3. Once the “Xmin=” value is entered (“0”, for example), press
E. The left limit of the graph is now set, and the cursor
moves to “Xmax=”.
57
4. Now the right boundary of the graph can be set. Enter the
required value here (“3”, for example), and press E.
Note: The “Xmax=” value cannot be set equal to or smaller than the
value of “Xmin”. If so done, the calculator will display an error
message upon attempting to redraw the graph, and the graph will
not be displayed.
5. The next item “Xscl=” sets the frequency of the X-axis indices.
The default value is “1”. If, for example, the value is set to
“0.5”, then indices will be displayed on the X-axis at incre-
ments of 0.5. Enter the required “Xscl=” value (“0.5”, for
example), and press E.
6. The “Ymin=”, “Ymax=”, and “Yscl=” can be set, as was
described for “Xmin=”, “Xmax=”, and “Xscl=” above.
7. When done, press the G key to draw the graph with the
newly configured window setup.
3. Other Useful Graphing Features

": Splits the display vertically, to show the graph on the left side of
the screen while showing the X-Y values in a table on the right.
The cursor is positioned on the table, and can be scrolled up/
down using the { or } keys.
Graph and table Graph and equation
• When @ " are pressed on the graph screen, the graph

and table are displayed on the same screen.
• When @ " are pressed on the equation input screen,
the graph and equation are displayed on the same screen.
58
The following illustration shows these relationships.
G @" Y @"
Y G
@"
• The split screen is always in the trace mode. Therefore, the

cursor pointer appears on the graph. Accordingly, the coordi-
nate values are displayed reverse in the table and in the
equation at which the cursor pointer is located is also displayed
reversely.
• Using ; or ', move the cursor along the graph.
(Values displayed reverse in the table are also changed
accordingly.)
• When two or more graphs are displayed on the screen, the
desired graph is selected using { or }. (The table or
equation on the right of the screen is also changed accordingly.)
• The table on the split screen does not relate to the table
settings on the full-screen table.
• The table on the split screen is displayed in units of trace
movement amount based on the cursor pointer position on the
graph screen. When the full-screen table is displayed by
pressing T, a different table may appear on the screen.
• When the EXPRES or Y’ is set to ON on the FORMAT menu,
the equation or coordinates are displayed on the graph screen.
• Only equations to be graphed are displayed on the split screen.
• Press G or T on the split screen to display the full-
screen of the graph or table. To exit the split screen, press any
of other function keys.
59
k: Calculations can be performed on the entered graph equation(s).

Press @ k to access. The following 6 sub-menu tools are
available:
1 Value With this sub-menu tool, the Y value can be obtained

by entering an X value. The flashing graph cursor will
then be placed in that position on the graph. If more
than one graph equation is set, use the { or
} keys to switch to the equation you wish to work
with.
Note: If the entered X value
is incalculable, an
error message will be
displayed. Also, if the
Y value exceeds the
calculation range, then “----” will be displayed instead.
2 Intsct With this tool, the intersection(s) of two or more graphs

can be found, where the flashing cursor will be placed.
When the intersection is found, then the X-Y coordi-
nates of the intersection will be displayed at the bottom
of the screen. If there is more than one intersection,
the next intersection(s) can be found by selecting the
tool again.
Note: If there is only one
graph equation
entered there will be
no other graph(s) to
form an intersection,
so selecting this tool
will result in an error.
3 Minimum Finds the minimum of the given graph, and places the
flashing cursor at that position.
Note: If the given graph has
no minimum value,
an error message will
be displayed.
60
4 Maximum Finds the maximum of the given graph, and places the
Note: If the given graph has
no maximum value,
an error message will
be displayed.
5 X_Incpt Finds an X-intercept (a crossing point of the graph on

the X-axis) of the given graph, and places the flashing
cursor at that position. If there is more than one X-
intercept, the next X-intercept can be found by select-
ing the tool again.
Note: If the graph has no X-
intercept, an error
message will be
displayed.
6 Y_Incpt Finds an Y-intercept of the given graph, and places the

Note: If the graph has no Y-
intercept, an error
message will be
displayed.
d: There is an extensive set of features under this menu item that

enhance the graphing capabilities of the calculator. Only the
shading function will be covered here; refer to Chapter 6 “Ad-
vanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard” in this manual
for more information.
To access the DRAW menu, press @ d.
An inequation can be expressed with the calculator’s graphing

capability. Here’s how:
1. Set up a simple graph within the Graph Equation window.
Enter “X2” for Y1, for example.
61
2. Press @, and d to enter the DRAW menu, then press

G to select G SHADE. The SHADE sub-menu appears.
3. Press 1 to select 1 SET.
The “Set shade” window
appears.
4. Using the cursor keys, move
the cursor pointer to the
appropriate position.
5. Press @ z A.
6. Press 1 to select Y1.
7. When the value is set, press
the G key. The graph will
be redrawn.
8. Let’s add another inequation,
so that the area where the
two inequality overlap can be shaded. Press the Y key,
and enter another simple graph equation such as “X + 4” for
“Y2”.
9. Now, return to the SHADE menu by pressing @ d,
and G. Press 1 to select “1 SET”.
10. Within the “Set shade” window, add the second equation at the
right of the topmost inequation. Use the ' or ; key to
position the underscore cursor, then select “Y2” using the
VARS menu.
11. Press the G to redraw the graph with the new shading
appearance.
62
f: The graph appearance can be set and verified under this menu.
Press @ f to access.
A –––––– Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default

setting is:
OFF (for the graph equation to be displayed
on the graph)
OFF (for displaying numeric derivatives on
the graph)
ON (for displaying the X/Y axis on the
graph)
OFF (for displaying a grid on the graph)
B EXPRES This sets whether or not graph equations are displayed

on the graph screen. To display the equations on the
graph, select 1 ON by pressing 1 at this menu
item.
C Y’ The numeric derivative (dx/dy) can be displayed on the

graph screen. To activate this function, select 1 ON by
pressing 1 at this menu item.
D AXIS The graph axis can be set invisible with this menu item.
To hide the X/Y axis of the graph, select 2 OFF by
pressing 2 at this menu item.
E GRID The graph display can be backed with an X-Y grid. To

show the grid on the graph, select 1 ON by pressing
1 at this menu item.
Substitution feature
• The substitution feature allows you to input an equation using characters and
variables, and then substitute numeric values for the characters to draw the graph.
• The substitution feature is valid only in the rectangular coordinate system.
Using this feature, any number of numeric value sets can be substituted while
referring to the graph drawing screen. This clearly shows the changes in the graph
depending on numeric values.
For example, the graph for “Y1 = AX3 + BX2 + CX2 – D” is drawn by substituting
numeric values for variables A, B, C, and D of the equation.
63
• 22 kinds of variables (characters), A to Z except for R, T, X, and Y can be used for

the substitution feature.
• Up to seven variables (characters) can be used for one equation. (If the equation
contains more than seven variables (characters), up to seven characters from the
top of the equation are determined as variables and subsequent characters are
ignored.)
• If you attempt to execute an equation containing no variables, the substitution
feature becomes invalid and the error message, “NO VARIABLE”, appears on the
screen.
• To input the equation, there are the following two methods after Y has been
pressed. After the equation has been input, the same operations apply to subse-
quent steps.
Example
Substitute numeric values under the conditions that “Y1 = AX2 +
BX + C” and “Y2 = AX” have been input.
Equation Entry screen
The cursor pointer is located at

Y1. Drawing of both graphs Y1
and Y2 is valid.
1. Press @ ,.
The substitution feature
screen will appear. The
equation on which the cursor
pointer is located and its
variables are displayed on
the right of the screen.
If variables (characters) contain no values, the graph is not
drawn.
If independent memories A to C contain any numeric values,
the graph is drawn based on these values.
* If the equation (in this example, Y1) on which the cursor is
located contains no variables, the substitution feature screen
will not appear.
64
2. Press 2 E.
(2 is input to A.)
The graph for “Y1 = 2X2” is
drawn. (Since B and C have
no values, they are ignored.)
At this time, the graph for Y2
is also drawn. Y2 also uses variable A which is used in Y1.
Therefore, the drawing of the graph for Y2 is also valid.
* If you need to draw only the graph for Y2, it is necessary to
change variables (characters) or make the graph drawing for
Y1 invalid.
3. Press 1 E.
(1 is input to B.)
The graph is changed from
“Y1 = 2X2” to “Y1 = 2X2 +
1X”.
4. Press _ 3 E.
(-3 is input to C.)
Now, the graph for “Y1 = 2X2
+ 1X – 3” is drawn on the
screen.
Next, change variable A from 2 to 5 and see how the graph

changes.
1. Press { { 5 E.
(The cursor is moved from C
to A and 5 is input.)
The slope of the graph
becomes sharp.
* Move the cursor accordingly and substitute other numeric
values for variables to view how the graph changes.
* The trace function cannot be used in the substitution feature.
(When U is pressed, the full-screen graph will appear.)
65
Chapter 5
Advanced Calculations —
Advanced Keyboard
Note: To try the examples in the chapter, it is required that the Advanced Keyboard is
already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Advanced Keyboard, read
1. Try it!
The Mendocino Tree, a coast redwood growing in Montgomery Woods State
Reserve in California, is known to be the tallest living tree in the world. You are
to find out how tall the tree is by using the following factors:
• The distance from you to the bottom of the
tree is exactly 505.8 feet, and the tree
stands vertically.
• The angle of elevation between the top
and the bottom of the tree is 36 degrees
If the base length of the right triangle is 505.8 feet, and the angle
of elevation is 36 degrees, then the following expression can be
derived:
the height of the Mendocino tree (ft.) = 505.8 ft. × tan(36°)
CONCEPT
1. Verify/change the calculator’s angle unit.
2. Use the calculator’s trigonometric function key on the
Advanced keyboard to enter/perform the calculation.
66
Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard
PROCEDURE
1. Since the angle of elevation is measured in degrees, the
calculator’s angle setting will
need to be matched with
that. Press @ ; to
bring up the SETUP menu.
2. On the right side of the
SETUP menu, the current
setup will be displayed.
Make sure that the top line is
indicated as Deg (i.e.,
degrees). If not, then the
angle system will need to be
changed. Press B to
select B DRG, then press
1 to select 1 Deg.
3. Now, let’s work on the actual calculation part. Press the #
key to enter the Calculation screen, and press C to clear
any screen entries.
4. Press 505.8 | t
36. Press E to execute
the calculation.
2. Various Calculation Keys

The calculator’s Advanced Keyboard is designed so that various advanced-level
expressions can be written quickly with few strokes of the keys.
Note: The default angle unit for the Advanced mode is radians. The
examples hereafter will therefore feature the radian angle system,
unless otherwise specified.
The keys with each associated math function are described
below. Refer to the usage diagram in the Appendix for the
parameters for each sub-menu item.
67
s Enters a sine function to be used in a trigonometric expression.
c Enters a cosine function to be used in a trigonometric expression.
t Enters a tangent function to be used in a trigonometric expres-

sion.
l Enters a common logarithm function.
I Enters a natural logarithm function.

Example
• Calculate In e4.
I @ @ 4 E.
y Raises the preceding value to the 2nd power.

If no preceding value exists, then the base value will be left blank.
d Enters a mixed number, with all elements left blank. If a preceding

number exists, then the number is assumed as the integer part of
the mixed number. (See page 37.)
b Enters a fraction. Sets the preceding value as its numerator while

the denominator left blank. (See page 38.)
If no preceding value exists, then both the numerator and the
denominator will be left blank.
a Raises the preceding value to a power. The exponent value can

subsequently be entered.
If no preceding value exists, then both the base and the exponent
area will be left blank. (See page 38.)
68
The following math functions can be accessed with the use of @ key. To learn the
basic steps of how to access the second function of each key, refer to the section
“Second Function Key” of Chapter 2.
s Enters an arcsine function to be used in a trigonometric expres-

sion.
Example
• Calculate arcsine 1.
@ s 1 E.
c Enters an arccosine function to

be used in a trigonometric
expression.
Example
• Calculate arccosine 0.5.
@ c 0.5 E.
t Enters an arctangent function to be used in a trigonometric

expression.
Example
• Calculate arctangent 1.
@ t 1 E.
Note: Expressions with inverse trigonometric functions evaluate in the
following ranges.
θ = sin-1x, θ = tan-1x θ = cos-1x
Deg: 0 ≤ |θ | ≤ 90 Deg: 0 ≤ |θ | ≤ 180
π
Rad: 0 ≤ |θ | ≤ 2 Rad: 0 ≤ |θ | ≤ π
Grad: 0 ≤ |θ | ≤ 100 Grad: 0 ≤ |θ | ≤ 200
0 Raises 10 to the power of x.
@ Enters the Euler Number e (2.71…) to a power. The cursor will

then be placed at the exponent.
Example
• Obtain a value of e3.
@ @ 3 E.
69
x Raises a preceding value to the power of -1. If no value is

preceded, then the cursor will be placed at the base.
_ Enters an ath root of a base. When a value precedes, then the

value will be incorporated as the index number. Otherwise, both
entry areas will be left blank.
+ Enters a square root; sets the cursor at the base entry area.
$ Enters π (3.14…).
~ Sets the following value as θ, assuming the preceding value is the

radius of the polar coordinates.
# Enters i (representing -1 ), to make imaginary or combination

numbers.
3. Calculations Using MATH Menu

The Advanced keyboard has considerably more MATH menu items to choose from
than that of the Basic keyboard:
A CALC Contains sub-menu tools for advanced calculations. To access

each sub-menu item, make sure that this A CALC menu item is
selected. Pressing the ' cursor key will extend the cursor to
the sub-menu items. Items can then be highlighted by scrolling
with {, }, ; or ', and selected by pressing
E, or simply use the short cut key stroke (i.e., select 01 by
pressing 0 and 1).
A sub-menu item with open parenthesis will need to be completed
by the closing parenthesis; failure to do so will result in an error.
01 log2 log2 value

Enters a base-2
logarithm (log2).
70
02 2X 2value
Raises 2 to a power. Sets the cursor to exponent.
03 fmin( fmin(equation, lower limit of x, upper limit of x)

Returns the value of
variable x when the
equation Y has the
minimum value within
the specified range of
x.
04 fmax( fmax(equation, lower limit of x, upper limit of x)

Return the value of variable x when the equation Y has
the maximum value within the specified range of x.
05 d/dx( d/dx(equation, value of x [, tolerance])

Returns derivative of
equation Y at the
specified X value
using the tolerance (if
not specified, default
value is 1E–5).
06 ∫ ∫ equation, lower limit, upper limit [, tolerance] dx

Calculates an integral
value of equation Y
from the lower limit to
the upper limit using
the specified toler-
ance (if not specified,
default value is 1E–5). Use in conjunction with the 07
dx sub-menu item.
• Press the keys as follows in the Equation edit mode.
MA062{8'(
X a 3 ' - 0.5 X y +
6 ) , 0.001 M A 0 7
E
07 dx Enters a differential “dx” in an integration expression.
71
08 ∑( ∑(expression, initial value, end value [, increment])

Returns the cumula-
tive sum of a given
expression from an
initial value to an end
value in the specified
increment value (if
not specified, default increment is 1).
09 sec sec value

Enters a secant
function to be used in
a trigonometric
expression.
10 csc csc value

Enters a cosecant (cosec) function to be used in a
trigonometric expression.
11 cot cot value

Enters a cotangent (cotan) function to be used in a
trigonometric expression.
12 sec-1 sec-1 value

Enters an inverse
secant.
13 csc-1 csc-1 value

Enters an inverse
cosecant.
14 cot-1 cot-1 value

Enters an inverse cotangent.
15 sinh sinh value

Enters a hyperbolic
sine.
16 cosh cosh value

Enters a hyperbolic cosine.
17 tanh tanh value

Enters a hyperbolic tangent.
72
18 sinh-1 sinh-1 value

Enters an inverse
hyperbolic sine.
19 cosh-1 cosh-1 value

Enters an inverse
hyperbolic cosine.
20 tanh-1 tanh-1 value

Enters an inverse hyperbolic tangent.
B NUM Use the sub-menu items below to convert a value. Refer to

“Chapter 3: Basic Calculation — Basic Keyboard” to learn how
these tools can be used.
1 abs( Returns the absolute value of a given number.
2 round( Returns a rounded value of a given term in parenthe-

ses. A rounding point can be specified.
3 ipart Returns only the integer part of a decimal number.
4 fpart Returns only the fraction part of a decimal number.
5 int Rounds a decimal number to the closest integer.
6 min( Finds and returns the minimum value within a list of

numbers.
7 max( Finds and returns the maximum value within a list of

numbers.
8 lcm( Returns the least common multiple of two integers.
9 gcd( Returns the greatest common divisor of two integers.
73
C PROB These sub-menu items are useful for probability calculations.

Refer to “Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard” for
details. A comprehensive list of menu items can be found in the
Appendix.
1 random Returns a random number form between 0 and 1.
2 rndInt( Returns a list of random integers, between a minimum

and a maximum value.
3 nPr Returns the total number of permutations for selecting

“r” items out of “n” items.
4 nCr Returns the total number of combinations for selecting

“r” items out of “n” items.
5! Returns a factorial.
D CONV These tools deal with conversions between different angle units
and between rectangular and polar coordinates.
1 →deg value (sexagesimal number) →deg

Takes a number in sexagesimal form, and converts it
into a decimal number.
2 →dms value (degrees) →dms

Takes a number in decimal form (in degrees), and
converts it into a sexagesimal number. To enter a
number in sexagesimal form, use items in the ANGLE
sub-menu, described in Chapter 3.
Rectangular/polar coordinate conversion

This calculator is equipped with rectangular coordinates and polar
coordinates conversion capabilities.
x
r
y
θ
74
Rectangular to polar coordinate conversion functions

Conversion formulas: r = (x2 + y2)1/2, θ = tan-1(y/x)
3 xy→r( xy→r(x coordinate, y coordinate)

Returns polar
coordinate radius
value from X-Y
rectangular coordi-
nates.
4 xy→θ( xy→θ(x coordinate, y coordinate)

Returns polar
coordinate θ value
from X-Y rectangular
coordinates.
The following ranges
are used to find θ.
Degree mode: 0 ≤ |θ| ≤ 180

Radian mode: 0 ≤ |θ| ≤ 2π
Gradient mode: 0 ≤ |θ| ≤ 200
Polar to rectangular coordinate conversion functions

Conversion formulas: x = rcosθ, y = rsinθ
5 rθ→x( rθ→x(r coordinate, θ coordinate)

Returns rectangular
coordinate X value
from r-θ polar
coordinates.
6 rθ→y( rθ→y(r coordinate, θ coordinate)

Returns rectangular
coordinate Y value
from r-θ polar
coordinates.
75
E ANGLE Use these tools to enter the symbols to specify angle units.
1° Inserts a symbol for “degrees”.
2’ Inserts a symbol for “minutes”.
3” Inserts a symbol for “seconds”.
4r Enters an “r” symbol, to enter a number in radians.
5g Enters an “g” symbol, to enter a number in gradients.
F INEQ Use the equality/inequality figures to compare two values. These

sub-item tools return 1 (true) or 0 (false).
1= Tests whether a
preceding value and
a following value are
equal.
2 Tests whether a
preceding value and a following value are not equal.
3> Tests whether a preceding value is larger than a

following value.
4 Tests whether a
preceding value is
larger than OR equal
to a following value.
5< Tests whether a

preceding value is smaller than a following value.
6 Tests whether a preceding value is smaller than OR

equal to a following value.
76
G LOGIC Use the LOGIC sub-menu items to perform boolean operations.

In the N-base calculation mode (binary, octal, decimal and
hexadecimal), A LOGIC will directly appear when M is
pressed.
The following is the truth table of the combination of input A and
B:
A B A and B A or B A xor B A xnor B A notA

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
The following examples show the answer screen when

executing a boolean operation for AND, OR, XOR,
XNOR between “1100” and “1010” in binary mode.
Compare the results (binary) to the above table.
1. Press # @ V A E to enter the binary,
octal, and hexadecimal calculation mode.
2. Press } } } to select the binary mode.
1 and value A and value B

Enters an “AND” logic
figure.
1100 M 1
1010 E
2 or value A or value B
Enters an “OR” logic
figure.
1100 M 2
1010 E
3 not not value

Enters a “NOT” logic
figure.
M 3 10
E
77
4 neg neg value

Enters a “neg” logic
figure.
M41
E
Note: “4 neg” menu
appears only in the N-base calculation (binary, octal,
decimal and hexadecimal) mode.
5 xor value A xor value B

Enters an Exclusive-
OR (xor) logic figure.
1100 M 5
1010 E
6 xnor value A xnor value B

Enters an Exclusive-
NOR (xnor) logic
figure.
1100 M 6
1010 E
H COMPLX In order to use the sub-menu items within the COMPLX menu,
the calculator must be set up to handle complex numbers.
Otherwise the result will be a data type error.
Refer to the section “6. SETUP Menu” in this chapter for chang-
ing/verifying the calculator’s setup to enable complex number
answers, in either rectangular or polar coordinates.
1 conj( conj(complex number)

Returns the complex
conjugate of the
specified complex
number (or list of
complex numbers).
78
2 real( real(complex number)

Returns the real part
of a complex number
(or list of complex
numbers).
3 image( image(complex number)

Returns the imagi-
nary part of a
complex number (or
list of complex
numbers).
4 abs( abs(complex number)

Returns the absolute
value of a complex
number (or list of
complex numbers).
5 arg( arg(complex number)

Takes the coordi-
nates (x + yi), and
returns the θ.
Calculations using complex numbers

To calculate using complex numbers, select the sub-menu item 4
x ± yi or 5 r ∠ θ in the F ANSWER of the SETUP menu items.
The initial screen for the complex number calculation mode is the
same as for the real number mode.
Complex numbers can be noted using either 4 x ± yi (rectangular
coordinates) or 5 r ∠ θ (polar coordinates).
79
Example
• Calculate (3 + 4i) × (4 – 6i)
Note: It is possible to input complex
numbers (i) in the real number
mode, however an error
message will return.
Functions available for complex number calculations

The following function keys are available for complex number
calculations without the limits existing in the real number calculations.
y, x, l, I, 0, @, a, +,
_
The following MATH menu functions are also available for
complex number calculations.
abs(, round(, ipart, fpart, int
4. More Variables: Single Value Variables and

LIST Variables
Additional single value variables (from A to Z, and θ) may be accessed. In addition, six
LIST variables (from L1 to L6) are readily accessible through the second function of
the Advanced Keyboard.
To save a list of numbers, follow the procedure below:

1. On the Calculation screen (#), create a list of numbers (“1,
2, 3”, in this example). Separate numbers with a comma
(,), and group the numbers with braces ({ and }).
2. Press R, then select
one of the six LIST variables.
To store the list in “L1”, press
@ 1 to call up the
LIST variable.
3. Pressing E will store the
list in the LIST variable. Note
that this procedure will
overwrite the list previously
stored in the LIST variable.
Refer to Chapter 9 “LIST Features” to learn more about how LIST
variables can be utilized.
80
5. TOOL Menu
The TOOL menu contains items to help calculating in different number systems, as
well as to help solve both linear and polynomial equation. Press @ V to
access the TOOL menu. Press the # key (or @ q) to escape from the
menu.
A NBASE Calculations can be performed in different number base systems,

while simultaneously converting the calculation result into
hexadecimal, decimal, octal, and binary systems.
1. While this menu item A
NBASE is selected, press
the E key. The NBASE
tool opens, with the cursor
set at HEX: (hexadecimal).
2. Type 1B | 9, for example. When entering the hexadecimal
B, simply press the B key; using the A key will call up
the variable B instead.
3. When done entering the
hexadecimal expression,
press E. The calculation
result will be displayed in
three other number base
systems, as well as in
hexadecimal format.
Note: Numerical values in binary, octal, and hexadecimal modes can be
expressed in the following number of digits:
Binary: 16 digits
Octal: 10 digits
Hexadecimal: 10 digits
If you enter a number exceeding the range specified above for
calculations or conversions, the calculator will return an error.
If the answer exceeds the above range, the calculator will also
return an error.
Decimals can be used for DEC mode only (. cannot be used
in the other modes). If you convert decimal values to binary,
octal, or hexadecimal number, the decimal part is discarded and
only the integer part is converted.
When numerical values of binary, octal, and hexadecimal modes
are negative, the display is switched to complements of 2.
81
B SYSTEM With this tool, linear equations containing up to 6 unknown values

(i.e., ax + by + cz + du + ev + fw = g) can be solved.
1. Press B to select B SYSTEM, and select the number of
unknown values. For example, press 2 if values x and y
are unknown.
2. In the next screen, an
equation ax + by = c is
displayed, with an entry
table for the known values —
a, b, and c.
3. Enter 2 sets of the known
values, as shown in the
figure. Pressing E at
each entry will store the
value, and sets the cursor at
the next entry area.
4. When done entering the
known values, press @
h. The calculation result
will be displayed on the next
screen.
Pressing C will bring back the previous entry screen.

5. To go back to the TOOL menu to perform another calculation,
press @ V.
C POLY This tool is designed so that quadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or cubic

(ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0) equation may be solved.
1. Press C to select C
POLY, and select the degree.
For example, press 2 if
a quadratic equation is
desired.
2. In the next screen, an equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is displayed,
with an entry area for the known values — a, b, and c.
82
3. Enter the values, as shown

in the screen to the right.
Pressing E at each
entry will store the value,
and sets the cursor at the
next entry area.
4. When done, press @ h to execute the calculation.
The results (i.e. the x-intersects) will be displayed.
5. To enter a different set of
numbers for a, b, and c,
press C to go back to
the previous screen. To
select a different degree of
polynomial, press @
V to go back to the TOOL menu.
• If the solution cannot be displayed on the screen, a symbol will
appear at the bottom left corner of the screen. Press } to
scroll the screen.
6. SETUP Menu
Use the SETUP menu to verify the calculator’s current setup for mathematical and
scientific base units and the global editing style, as well as to change each
configuration.
It is very important that each item within this menu is properly set
up, or calculation results may not turn out as expected. For
example, entering 1 × sin90 in the Calculation screen will result
as either “1” (when set to degree mode), or “0.893996663” (when
set to radian mode), or “0.98768834” (when set to gradient
mode). Refer to the “SETUP Menu” in Chapter 2 to learn about
each setup configuration.
83
Chapter 6
Advanced Graphing Features
— Advanced Keyboard
In this chapter, some real-life situations are featured. You are encouraged to modify
the examples to make your own graph schemes.
Note: To try the examples in this chapter, it is required that the Advanced Keyboard is
already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Advanced Keyboard, read
It should be noted that the following examples assume that the angle mode is
set to Rad (radian), the default angle unit for the Advanced Keyboard. If set to
degree or gradient, some unexpected results will be obtained.
1. Try it!
You have just opened your own bank
account, with an initial deposit amount of
$2,000. Suppose your monthly income is
$3,000, and you will spend 60 percent of
what you have in the account every month,
how much will your balance be after one
year? How much will you have in the
account, 6 months from now?
The example can be expressed as a sequential equation, as

follows:
un = un–1 × (1 – 0.6) + 3000
where un is the balance of the current month and un–1 is the
balance of the previous month, and n is the month.
84
Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard
CONCEPT
1. Grasp the idea of sequential equations.
2. Use the graph tracing function to obtain approximate values.
PROCEDURE
1. First, let us set the calculator
to the appropriate graphing
coordinate mode. Press
@ ; to enter the
SETUP menu, press E
to select E COORD, then
press 4 to select 4 Seq, and press C.
2. We will use the “Time”
sequential graph type within
the FORMAT menu. Press
@ f, press G
to select G TYPE, and 2
to select 2 TIME.
3. Then press Y.
The Graph Equation Entry window will open.
4. Enter a new equation set
u(n-1) × (1 - 0.6) + 3000 for
u(n)=. Press @ u
(7) to enter u and
press X for n. Press
E when done entering.
Note: Press C to clear the previous entry.
Using a capitalized “U” or “N” here will result in an error upon
pressing the G key.
5. On the second entry row
(u(nMin) =), enter 2000,
then press E.
The figure is automatically
enclosed by braces.
6. The v and the w entry sets will not be necessary in this case,
so press C to clear, then press E to move one row
down. Repeat until the four unnecessary entry rows are
cleared.
85
7. Press G to draw the graph.

8. If the line is outside of the
graph’s range, press Z
then 1 to select
automatic zoom.
This will only display a small
portion of the graph, so the
graph’s range will need to be changed.
9. Press W. Find nMax=
and change the value to 15
(default: 10). Next, find
Xmax= and change the
value to 15 too (default: 10).
10. Press the G key again.
11. Use the graph trace function
by pressing U. As '
is pressed several times, the
n value (=X value, since the
graph is set to “Time” format)
increases, and the Y value
(the balance of your ac-
count) will change. Find the
Y value when the n value is
6 (after 6 months) as well as
the value when n=12 (after 12 months = 1 year).
You can obtain the value directly from the CALC menu.
1. Press @ k and
select 1 VALUE.
n= will appear on the bottom
line of the screen.
2. Enter the n value of 6, and
press E.
3. Follow the procedure 1 to 2 to obtain the Y value for 12.
86
2. Graphing Parametric Equations

A two-dimensional parametric equation assumes that both X and Y are represented
by functions in a third variable T. When set in parametric graphing mode, the calculator
automatically sets up the Graph Equation Entry screen to take one set of X and Y per
each graph, with the equation’s right side variable to be set as “T”.
Example
• Draw a graph: x(t) = 16cos(t), y(t) = 9sin(t).
1. Press @ ; to enter the SETUP menu.
2. Press E to select E
COORD, then 2 to
select 2 Param.
Be sure that the other
settings are as shown on the
right.
To exit the SETUP menu, press C.
3. Press Y to go to the Graph Equation Entry window.
4. Enter 16cos(t) for X1T=.
Press E when done
entering.
5. Enter 9sin(t) for Y1T=. Press
E when done entering.
Note: The right side variable is automatically set to “T”. When the X
key is pressed within the Graph Equation Entry window, it will
enter the variable “T”.
6. Press G to draw the graph.
7. If the graph line extends
beyond the screen, press
Z and select A ZOOM
then 1 AUTO.
Use 3 IN or 4 OUT of the A
ZOOM to adjust the drawing size.
You can also set the drawing size in the WINDOW menu by
determining the maximum and minimum values of T, X and Y.
87
3. Polar Graphing
Polar coordinates are a different method of specifying a point in two dimensions; the
location of the point is described by the distance from the X-Y intersect “r”, and its
elevation angle “θ”.
Example
• Draw a graph: r = 16cos(θ)sin(θ).
1. Press @ ;.
The SETUP menu appears.
2. Press E to select E
COORD, then press 3
to select 3 Polar. Be sure
that the other settings are as
shown on the right.
To exit the SETUP menu,
press C.
3. Press Y.
The Graph Equation Entry window will appear.
4. At the first entry row R1=,
enter 16cos(θ) × sin(θ).
Press E.
5. Press G to draw the

graph.
Press Z, then press
6 to select 6 Square.
88
4. Graphing Sequences
The sequence graph mode can store and simultaneously draw three graph equations
u(n), v(n), and w(n).
Variables u, v, and w are entered as @ u (or v, w).
Use X to enter the natural number n.
A sequence is an ordered set of numbers with a defined relation-
ship. The recursive sequential formulas can be described as
un = un-1 + d and/or
un = un-1 × r
where un is the n-th term, d is the common difference, and r is the
ratio. In many occasions however, the term before un-1 (i.e., one
term before un) is not known. In such cases, the explicit formulas
must then be derived as:
un = u1 + d × (n - 1) and/or
un = u1 × rn-1
where un is the n-th term, u1 is the first term of the sequence, d is
the common difference, and r is the ratio.
A sequence {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ...} may suggest the following
recursive sequence expression:
un = 2 × 2n-1
or it may also suggest the following non-recursive expression:
u n = 2n
The calculator can plot sequential graphs in three different
schemes, as follows:
n-based (Time)
The un values will be plotted
against the n value.
89
phase-based (uv, uw, or vw)

The un values will be plotted against the vn values (uv).
(n–1)-based (Web)
The un values will be plotted against the un-1 value.
Note: • When un–2 is incorporated in to the equation, the u(nMin)
requires two values: the minimum, and the second smallest. For
example, you will need {0, 1} in the u(nMin) entry row if u(n–1)
+ u(n–2) is entered as the equation.
• When Web is selected, n – 2 cannot be referred to. n also
cannot be directly referred to; entering u(n–1) + n will result in
an error.
Before entering graphing sequences, the calculator’s graphing

coordinates will need to be set up:
1. Press @ ;. The SETUP menu appears.
2. Press E to select E COORD, then press 4 to select 4
Seq.
3. Press C to exit the SETUP menu.
Example 1: n-based Graphing (Time)

• Draw a sequential graph of un = 2 × 2n–1.
First, make sure that the graph coordinate mode is set to
sequential (see above.)
1. Press @ f to open the FORMAT menu. The FORMAT
menu allows user to change the graph configurations.
2. When the menu appears, select the item G TYPE.
3. Press 2 to select 2
Time.
90
4. Now, go to the Graph Equation Entry window by pressing

Y.
The cursor is set at the first line u(n); pressing C will clear
any previous entry, as well as to put the cursor at the right side
of the equation.
5. Enter 2 × 2n-1. Use the X
key to enter n. When done,
press E. The cursor
moves down to the second
row.
6. In the entry area u(nMin)=,
enter the minimum value of
the n, 1, then press E.
7. Press the G key.

8. Press Z, then press
1 to select 1 Auto
(automatic zoom).
9. Press the U key, then
use the ' key to trace the graph.
Example 2: Phase-based Graphing (uv)

• Compare 2 × 0.9n-1 with the previously entered sequence.
Phase-based graphing requires a set of two sequential equations.
Since we already have one entered as above, we will create
another one here, but first the sequential graph format will need
to be set to uv.
1. Press @ f to enter the FORMAT menu, then press
G to select G TYPE.
2. Select uv by pressing 3.
3. Press Y to go to the
Graph Equation Entry
window.
91
The calculator can accept up to three sequential equation

entries. We will use the v set, since the u set already has an
entry. Move the cursor down to the v(n) entry area, and press
C.
4. Enter 2 × 0.9n-1, then press
E.
The cursor will be set to the
fourth entry row v(nMin=).
5. Press C, then enter 1.
6. Press the G key to draw
the graph, then zoom the
graph so that it be comes
visible (Z, 1 Auto).
7. Use the U function to
trace the graph. Press the ' key to trace the plotted graph
values.
When w, the third sequential equation set is entered, it can also

be compared with the two other equations; simply set the TYPE
under the FORMAT menu to either 4 uw to compare the first set
with the third, or 5 vw to compare the second and the third.
Note: Comparing a sequence with an empty set will result in an
error. If the v set is to be used, then the equation entry rows
will need to have appropriate entries.
Example 3: n-1-based Graphing (Web)

• Compare the u(n–1) value against the u(n) value of u(n-1) + 100.
This particular graph equation requires an index to the previous
term (un-1).
1. Press @ f to enter
the FORMAT menu, then
press G to select G
TYPE.
2. Select 1 Web by pressing
1.
92
3. Press the Y key to go to the Graph Equation Entry

window.
4. At the first equation entry
row, enter u(n - 1) + 100.
When done entering, press
E.
5. At the next entry row, make
sure that it has the starting value “0”.
6. Bring the cursor down, and clear the rest of the four rows.
7. Press G, then press Z, 1 Auto to view the graph.
Two diagonal parallel lines should appear; the top line repre-
sents the n value, while the
n–1 value is represented by
the line below.
8. Press U to trace the
graph. As ' is pressed,
you will see the traced points
connected with lines, indicating the comparison between the n
and n–1 values.
5. The CALC Function

The CALC function utilizes the entered graph equation to calculate values. In
conjunction with the 4 graph coordinates, it can be called up anywhere. Note however
that the CALC function will not do anything if no graph equation has been entered or
specified.
The following is an example that uses the previously entered
polar graph equations above.
1. First, verify the graph
coordinate mode by pressing
@ ;; check to see if
E COORD is set to Polar. If
not, this will need to be
changed accordingly. Also,
make sure the angle unit B DRG is set to Rad. Otherwise the
graph will not be drawn correctly.
93
2. Press Y to verify the

previously entered polar
graph equation, then press
G to draw the graph.
Adjust the view by using
Z menu items.
3. Press @ k.
4. Press 1 to select 1
Value. The graph is drawn
back on the screen again,
with the θ= prompt visible at
the bottom left side of the screen.
5. Enter the θ value at the
prompt. Enter π, for example.
Be aware that θ cannot be
more than 2π (2π radians =
360 degrees).
6. Upon pressing E, the radian r coordinate will be calcu-
lated.
Note: When coordinate system is Polar, Param or Seq, only 1 Value is
selectable in the CALC menu.
Advanced See Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard” on

keyboard pages 60 to 61 for details of the other sub-menu tools available.
specific sub-
menus
7 Inflec Calculates the inflection point of the given graph and moves the
cursor to that point.
Example
1. Enter the graph equation
Y1 = x3 – 3x2 + 2.
2. Press @ k 7.
94
6. Format Setting
You can set up the Graph screen format from the
FORMAT menu.
Press @ f to display the Graph format
menu.
Advanced keyboard
specific sub-menus
Note: G TYPE appears only when the sequence coordinate graph mode
is selected.
A –––––– Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default setting is:
OFF (for the graph equation to be displayed on the
graph)
OFF (for displaying numeric derivatives on the graph)
ON (for displaying the X/Y axis on the graph)
OFF (for displaying a grid on the graph)
RectCoord (for displaying the cursor location)
B EXPRES This sets whether or not graph equations are displayed on the
graph screen. To display the equations on the graph, select 1 ON
by pressing 1 at this menu item.
C Y’ The numeric derivative (dx/dy) can be displayed on the graph

screen. To activate this function, select 1 ON by pressing 1
at this menu item.
D AXIS The graph axis can be set invisible with this menu item. To hide
the X/Y axis of the graph, select 2 OFF by pressing 2 at this
menu item.
E GRID The graph display can be backed with an X-Y grid. To show the
grid on the graph, select 1 ON by pressing 1 at this menu
item.
95
F CURSOR The coordinate system that indicates.

The location selected by the trace or other function can be
selected from 1 RectCoord (Rectangular coordinates) or 2
PolarCoord (Polar coordinates) (In the parametric system, the T
indication is added.)
G TYPE This menu is only active when the sequence coordinate graph
mode is selected in the SETUP menu. The G TYPE menu will not
appear in the other modes.
1 Web A web graph plot mode where x = u(n-1) and y = u(n).
2 Time Time graph plot mode where x = n and y = u(n), v(n),

w(n). (default)
3 uv A uv mode where x = u(n) and y = v(n).
4 uw A uw mode where x = u(n) and y = w(n).
5 vw A vw mode where x = v(n) and y = w(n).
Note: u(n), v(n) and w(n) indicate the n-th term of the
sequences.
7. Zoom Functions
Displays the ZOOM menu. Within the ZOOM menu,
various preferences can be set for the graph
appearance on zooming in and out.
Advanced See Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard” on

keyboard pages 53 to 56 for details of the other menu items and their sub-
specific sub- menu items.
menus
96
D EXP
2ex Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “ex”.
4 In X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “In

x”.
E TRIG
4 sin–1 X Use this when the equation contains an arc sine

function.
5 cos–1 X Use this when the equation contains an arc cosine

function.
6 tan–1 X Use this when the equation contains an arc tangent

function.
F HYP
1 sinh X Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic sine

function.
2 cosh X Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic

cosine function.
3 tanh X Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic

tangent function.
4 sinh-1 X Use this when the equation contains an inverse

hyperbolic sine function.
5 cosh-1 X Use this when the equation contains an inverse

hyperbolic cosine function.
6 tanh-1 X Use this when the equation contains an inverse

hyperbolic tangent function.
97
8. Setting a Window
The W key displays the graph window setup. The display will differ according to
the selected coordinate system. See also Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing Features —
Basic Keyboard” on pages 57 to 58 for details of rectangular coordinate system
settings.
Rectangular coordinate system

Xmin/Xmax Minimum and maximum values
of x-axis, respectively
Xscale Scale of x-axis
Ymin/Ymax Minimum and maximum values
of y-axis, respectively
Yscale Scale of y-axis
Parametric coordinate system

Tmin/Tmax Minimum and maximum values
for T, respectively
Tscale Cursor pointer step value for
tracing
Others Same as rectangular coordinate
system
Polar coordinate system

θmin/θmax Minimum and maximum angle
for θ, respectively
θstep Cursor pointer step value for
tracing
Others Same as rectangular coordinate
system
Sequential coordinate system

nMin/nMax Minimum and maximum value
for n, respectively
PlotStart Starting value of sequential
variable n
PlotStep Increments of sequential
variable n
Others Same as rectangular coordinate system
98
9. Tables
The calculator enables you to illustrate the changes using the equation and graph you
have input. It also has tables for showing a list of X and Y values. Each column item
can display up to 7 digits, including a sign and/or a decimal point.
There are four kinds of tables available corresponding to the coordinate system.
Rectangular coordinate system

• The variable X is displayed in
the left end column.
• The columns Y1 to Y3 are
displayed on the first screen.
• Press ; ' to
horizontally scroll the table. (The variable X is always displayed
in the left end column.)
• The 10-digit value in the column where the cursor is currently
located is displayed on the bottom line of the screen.
• Move the cursor using ; ' { }.
• Non-input equation numbers and equations invalid for graphing
will not be displayed in the above table.
Parametric coordinate system

• The variable T is displayed in
• The columns X1T, Y1T, and
X2T are displayed on the first
screen.
• Press ; ' to horizontally scroll the table.
• Move the cursor using ; ' { }.
99
Polar coordinate system

• The variable θ is displayed in
• The columns θ, R1 to R3 are
displayed on the first screen.
• Press ; ' to
horizontally scroll the table.
• The cursor can be moved using ; ' { }.
Sequential coordinate system

• The variable n is displayed in
• Tables values u(n), v(n), and
w (n) are simultaneously
displayed.
• The cursor can be moved using ; ' { }.
Setting a table
• To display the table, press T.
• Table setting allows you set how to input data for a table.
• Press @ y to enter
the table setting screen.
• The cursor is initially located
at Auto, showing the variable
input method.
Auto: Automatically creates a table based on the graph equations and

given TableStart and TableStep values.
100
User: Displays a blank table. As you input values for variable columns,
table values are automatically calculated by the equation. Thus,
although TableStart and TableStep inputs can be made when
selecting User, set values will be ignored.
• Press ; or ' to switch between Auto and User.
• TableStart is a start value of the variable in the table, and
TableStep is a step value of the variable. Both are numeric
values.
Example
Automatically create a table starting from -5 with a step of 1 in the
X-Y coordinate after equations, based on “Y1 = X”, “Y2 = X2”, and
“Y3 = -X2 + 3”.
1. Press @ y and
}_5E1
E.
2. Press T.
* If the cursor is on the top or
bottom line of the table, { or } can still be used. The
table contents will move to become visible in the display area.
Example
Create a table in the User mode under the above conditions.
1. Press @ y and
'E}0E
1 E.
2. Press T.
Blank table will appear.
3. Press 2 E _ 3
E to enter X values.
* An automatically created table in the User mode cannot be

scrolled vertically.
101
10. The DRAW Function

With the DRAW function, lines, circles, graphs, and pixel points can be added to the
graph window. The DRAW menu also contains configuration tools for the ordinary
graphs entered in the Graph Equation Entry window: line types, shading, and visibility
status of each graph.
Press @ d to enter the DRAW menu.
Note: When entering coordinates, the DRAW function assumes that
rectangular coordinates will be entered. The exception to this is
for PxlON(, PxlOFF(, PxlCHG(, and PxlTST(, all within the B
POINT menu item.
A DRAW The tools in this menu add lines, circles, additional graphs and
text on the graph screen.
The tools below can be accessed from the GRAPH window, or
any other windows such as the Graph Equation Entry window and
Calculation screen. Most of these tools, such as Line(, can be
entered directly onto a graph from the cursor point.
1 ClrDraw Clears all items on the graph window EXCEPT for the
graphs entered via the Graph Equation Entry window.
1. From the GRAPH
window, press
@ d to
enter the DRAW
menu.
2. Press A to select A DRAW, then press 1
to select 1 ClrDraw.
or
1. From the Calculation screen, press @ d
A 1.
“ClrDraw” will appear.
2. Press E.
All the items on the graph will be deleted and the
message “Done” will appear.
102
2 Line( Draws a line according to the given X-Y coordinates of

a start/end point.
Note: This tool can be used with any type of graph.
From the Calculation Line(x-coordinate of start point, y-coordinate of

screen start point, x-coordinate of end point, y-coordinate
of end point [,0])
Example
1. Select the DRAW
menu. Select A
DRAW in the
menu, then select
2 Line(.
“Line(” will appear.
Suppose you wish to draw a line, starting from an
X-Y coordinate (1,2) to end at (8,8).
2. Enter “1,2,8,8”
right after the
“Line(” object,
then close the
expression with
).
3. Press E.
The GRAPH window will appear with the specified
line drawn on the graph.
Note: If you enter 0 for the 5th element of Line( function, (e.g.
Line(1,2,8,8,0)) and press E, you can clear the
specified line.
From the GRAPH Line(

window 1. Press @
d to enter the
DRAW menu.
103
2. Press A to select A DRAW, then press 2

to select 2 Line(.
The GRAPH
window reap-
pears, with the
coordinate of the
cursor showing at
the bottom of the
screen.
Note: To change the cursor coordinate system, use the
FORMAT menu. Select B CURSOR, then select the
required coordinate system for the cursor.
3. Move the flashing cursor on the screen to set the
starting point of the line.
Note: The pixel increment can be set within the ZOOM menu.
While A ZOOM is selected, choose 7 Dec to set each
pixel size to “0.1 × 0.1”, or 8 Int to set to “1 × 1”.
4. When the starting
point is set, press
E to anchor
the location.
5. Move the cursor

to indicate the end
point of the line.
When set, press
E to finalize
the line drawing.
6. You may draw as many lines as you wish, by
repeating the procedure from 4 to 5. When done
drawing, press C to exit the entry mode.
104
3 H_line Draws a horizontal line on the graph window.
From the Calculation H_Line y-value

screen Draws a horizontal line (y = value) on the graph
window.
Example
• Draw a horizontal line of y = 5.
1. Press @
dA
3 and enter
the value 5.
From the GRAPH H_Line

window Example
• Draw a horizontal line manually.
1. Press @
dA
3.
2. Use the cursor
navigation keys
({ } ; ') to move the flashing
cursor to the appropriate position.
3. Press E to draw the line.
4 V_line Draws a vertical line on the graph window.
From the Calculation V_Line x-value

screen Draws a vertical line (x = value) on the graph
window.
Example
• Draw a horizontal line of x = 3.
1. Press @ d A 4 and enter the
value 3.
105
From the GRAPH V_Line

window Example
• Draw a vertical line manually.
1. Press @ d A 4.
2. Use the cursor navigation keys ({ } ;
') to move the flashing cursor to the appropri-
ate position.
3. Press E to draw the line.
5 T_line( Draws a tangental line at the specified point of a graph

curve.
From the Calculation T_line(equation, x-value)

screen Example
• Draw the tangental line of y = x2 at x = 1.
1. Select T_Line(.
2. Enter “x2, 1)” on
the line.
3. Press E.
Note: It is also possible to
specify a function
equation from Y0 to
Y9 if stored.
(T_line(Y1, 1))
From the GRAPH T_line(

window Example
• Draw a tangental line by manually specifying the
point.
1. Select T_Line(.
2. Use ; ' to move the flashing cursor on
the targeted graph line.
Use { } to select a graph to draw the
tangental line.
3. When the point is set at the tangent point, press
E.
106
6 Draw Draw equation

Draws an additional graph based on a given expres-
sion.
Example
• Draw the graph of y = 3x2-4x+2.
1. Select Draw.
2. Enter “3x2–4x+2”
on the line.
3. Press E.
Note: This tool can be used
with rectangular coordinate graphs only.
7 Shade( Shade(equation1, equation2 [, lower value, upper

value])
Draws two graphs, and shades the area between the
two. If the x range is specified, it shades the area within
the specified range.
Example
1
• Shade the area enclosed by y = 4 x2 – 8 and y = x.
1. Select Shade(.
1
2. Enter “ 4 x2 – 8,
x)” on the line.
3. Press E.
Example
1
• Shade the area enclosed by y = 4 x2 – 8 and y = x
within the range of –2 ≤ x ≤ 3.
Before starting operation, Select ClrDraw to clear the
graphs previously drawn.
1. Select Shade(.
1
2. Enter “ 4 x2 – 8, x,
-2, 3)” on the line.
3. Press E.
specify a function equation from Y0 to Y9 if stored.
107
8 DrawInv DrawInv equation

Draws an inverse of a given graph expression.
Example
1
• Draw the inverse graph of y = 4 x2 – 8.
1. Select DrawInv.
1
2. Enter “ 4 x2 – 8”
on the line.
3. Press E.
specify a function equation from Y0 to Y9 if stored.
9 Circle( Draw a circle on the graph screen.
From the Calculation Circle(x-coordinate of center, y-coordinate of

screen center, radius)
Example
• Draw a circle with center at (2,3) and of radius 7.
1. Select Circle(.
2. Enter “2,3,7)” on
the line.
3. Press E.
Note: Before drawing a
circle, press Z A 6 to set the X-Y
coordinates to square.
From the GRAPH Circle(

window Example
• Draw a circle manually.
1. Select Circle(.
2. Move the cursor to set the center point of the circle.
Press E to set the anchor.
3. Move the cursor to determine the radius length of
the circle.
4. When done, press
E.
The circle is
drawn at the
location.
108
0 Text( Text(column, row, “strings”)

Enters a text string at a given coordinate.
Example
• Draw “HELLO” on the graph at column 2, row 1.
Text(2, 1, “HELLO”)
Note: Use M E
3 E to enter
“”(double quotes).
Column and row definitions for text input

* Refer to the following diagram to specify the
coordinates where you wish to start writing the text.
column
(0,0) (30,0)
row
(0,9) (30,9)
Note: Lines, points, and curves drawn by the Draw menu are handled
as pictures. Therefore, they cannot be traced.
Graphs drawn by the Draw menu are automatically cleared if any
screen settings are changed. To save the graph, use the StoPict
menu.
B POINT Utilize these tools to manage point drawing and deletion on the
graph.
There are two operation methods. One is to directly move the
cursor pointer to the location on the graph screen where you wish
to insert the point. The other is to call a relevant command on the
Calculation screen and to directly input the coordinates to draw or
delete the point. (X and Y coordinates should be separated by a
comma.)
109
1 PntON( PntON(x-coordinate, y-coordinate)

Draws a point at a given coordinate. It takes the X-Y
coordinate as an argument.
This tool can either be accessed from the GRAPH
window or other windows. Entering from the GRAPH
window enables a graphic entry, while entering from
other windows enables text-based entry.
2 PntOFF( PntOFF(x-coordinate, y-coordinate)

Erases a pixel point. It takes the X-Y coordinate as an
argument.
3 PntCHG( PntCHG(x-coordinate, y-coordinate)

Changes the status (i.e., visible/invisible) of a pixel at a
given coordinate. Deletes the point when it is displayed
and draws the point when it is not displayed.
4 PxlON( PxlON(column, row)

Draws a pixel point at a given screen location indicated
by column and row.
The column and row definitions are as follows:
Column: 0 to 132,
Row: 0 to 64.
column 132
(0, 0) (126, 0)
row
(0, 62) (126, 62)
64
This area cannot be specified
5 PxlOFF( PxlOFF(column, row)

Erases a pixel point at a given screen location indi-
cated by column and row.
6 PxlCHG( PxlCHG(column, row)

Changes the status (i.e., visible/invisible) of a pixel at a
given screen location indicated by column and row.
110
7 PxlTST( PxlTST(column, row)

Returns “1” if a pixel point is present at a given screen
location indicated by column and row.
Returns "0" if no pixel point exists.
C ON/OFF Sets the visibility status of a given graph number (0-9).
1 DrawON DrawON [equation number 1, ....] or DrawON

Sets the specified graphs visible. If no argument is
given, then all graphs will be set visible.
2 DrawOFF DrawOFF [equation number 1, ....] or DrawOFF

Sets the specified graphs invisible. If no argument is
given, then all graphs will be set invisible.
Example
• Set Y1 and Y2 to visible and Y3 to invisible.
1. Press @ d C 1.
2. Enter “1, 2” for equation numbers.
3. Press E.
4. Press @ d C 2.
5. Enter 3 for
equation number.
6. Press E.
111
D LINE Sets the line appearance of each graph. Each graph coordinate
mode (i.e., rectangular, polar, etc.) can retain a set of line
appearance preferences. Solid line, dotted line, bold line, locus
and dots can be selected.
1. Press @ d D to select D LINE, then press
E.
2. The next window enables
you to select the line types
of each graph in the set
coordinate mode. (The
rectangular coordinate mode
is selected in this example.)
Use the cursor keys to select
the required line type, and
press E.
E G_DATA All graph data, including the graph equations and window
settings, can be stored in 10 graph storage areas (1-9, and 0),
which can be called up later.
1 StoGD StoGD number (0-9)

Saves the graph data.
Example
• Store the current graph data in location #1.
Note: The lines, graphs and
pixels drawn with the
A DRAW tools will
not be saved here;
use StoPict under F
PICT instead.
2 RclGD RclGD number (0-9)

Recalls the saved graph data.
Example
• Call back the previously stored graph data from
location #1.
112
Note: Attempting to call

back graph data from
an empty location will
result in an error.
F PICT Stores and recalls the displayed pixel data for the graph window.
The graph equations will not be saved or recalled with these
tools.
1 StoPict StoPict number (0-9)

Saves the pixel data.
Example
• Store the current graph, including the drawings, in
location #1.
2 RclPict RclPict number (0-9)

Recalls the saved pixel data.
Example
• Call back the previously stored graph data from
location #1.
113
G SHADE With these sub-menu tools, inequalities, intersections and

compliments of multiple graphs can be visualized.
1 SET Sets up the shading area for each graph. Refer to “3.
Other Useful Graphing Features” in Chapter 4 of this
manual to learn how to utilize this tool.
2 INITIAL Initializes the shading setup, and brings up the shading

setup window.
11. Substitution Feature

Refer to the page 63 for details.
As for the Advanced keyboard, you can rewrite the equation based on the numeric
values input on the substitution feature screen.
Example
Follow the step 1 on page 65:
1. Press @ h to return
to the equation display
screen.
The equation is written
based on the last numeric
values input on the substitu-
tion feature screen.
* Once @ h have been pressed, the screen cannot
be returned to the previous substitution feature screen.
114
Chapter 7
SLIDE SHOW Feature
The SLIDE SHOW feature is especially incorporated to help students understand
math concepts utilizing the calculator’s graphing capabilities. With this feature, the
calculator’s screen images can be captured, organized, and stored.
The SLIDE SHOW feature is designed to be used with SHARP’s optional overhead
projection system, which offers a hassle-free math presentation environment for the
entire class.
The SLIDE SHOW can be used in both Basic and Advanced mode.
To enter the SLIDE SHOW, press ]. To exit the SLIDE SHOW feature, press
#.
1. Try it!
Make a SLIDE SHOW named “CUBIC” to
explain how to draw the graph of a factor-
base cubic function and explain how to solve
cubic equations using factors. Use the
following cubic function as a sample.
y = (x – 3)(x – 1)(x + 2)
Create a new 1. Set up a SLIDE SHOW file.

SLIDE SHOW Press ] to enter the SLIDE SHOW menu.
2. Press C E to select C NEW.
3. Name your project (type “CUBIC,” for example), and press
E.
115
Chapter 7: SLIDE SHOW Feature
Capture images 4. Press Y to enter the graph equation mode.

5. Enter (x – 3)(x – 1)(x + 2) at
the first equation.
6. Press @ n.
The message “STORE
SCREEN: 01” will appear.
The image will be stored on
page 1 of the SLIDE SHOW
“CUBIC,” and the screen will
automatically return to the
previous screen.
Each time you press @ n, the screen image will be
captured and stored in the SLIDE SHOW.
7. Press G.
Note: • You cannot capture an image
while drawing.
• If the cursor flashes at the
upper right corner of the
screen, the calculator is busy processing tasks. The SLIDE
SHOW feature cannot capture images during this period.
• A captured image cannot be recaptured.
8. After the graph is drawn, press @ n.
The image will be stored on page 2 of the SLIDE SHOW
“CUBIC”.
9. Press @ " to split
the screen between the
graph and the table.
10. After drawing is done, press
@ n.
The screen image is stored on page 3.
11. Press ' once, and press @ n. Continue this
operation.
116
Playing back the newly created SLIDE SHOW

1. Press ] to go to the
SLIDE SHOW menu.
Press B to select B
PLAY.
A list of saved SLIDE SHOW
projects will be shown.
2. Select the one you want to play back, either by using the
shortcut key strokes, or by moving the cursor. (Select the item
and press E.)
The first page of the SLIDE
SHOW will appear.
The number appearing at
the upper right of the screen
is the slide number.
3. Use the } key or E to display the next image; press
the { key to show the previous image.
Rearranging the captured images

Let’s change the last image of the SLIDE SHOW feature to before
the third.
1. Press ] to bring up the SLIDE SHOW menu.
Select a file 2. Press D to select D

SELECT.
3. Choose the project you want
to edit from the sub-menu
list.
4. Press E to select.
The target SLIDE SHOW will be selected.
Select an image 5. Press ] E to select

E EDIT, then press 1 to
select 1 MOVE.
The first image of the
selected SLIDE SHOW file
appears.
117
6. Go down to the last captured

image using the } key.
7. Press E to mark the
image.
Specify the 8. Go up to the page 3 using

insertion point the { key.
9. Press E.
The marked image will be
inserted at page 3.
2. The SLIDE SHOW menu

This section of the chapter
summarizes each item in the
SLIDE SHOW feature menu.
A CURR Displays the name of the

currently selected or working
SLIDE SHOW. Press @ n to capture an image.
B PLAY Enables you to select a SLIDE SHOW file for playback.
C NEW Creates a new SLIDE SHOW file to store screen images.
D SELECT Enables you to select a SLIDE

SHOW file to be edited and
display its name in the A CURR
window.
E EDIT Enables you to move/delete captured images, or change the file

name of the current SLIDE SHOW.
Note: If no SLIDE SHOW file is stored, selecting any of the following
sub-menu items will result in an error.
1 MOVE
With this sub-menu tool, a selected screen image can be moved,
so that the playback order will change. To escape from this mode
and go back to the SLIDE SHOW menu, press the ] key.
118
1. While in the SLIDE SHOW menu, press E to select E

EDIT, then press 1 to select the 1 MOVE sub-menu item.
2. With the { and } cursor keys, select the captured
image you wish to move, then press E.
3. Select the position to which you wish to move the previously
selected image using the { and } cursor keys.
4. Pressing E will place the selected image at the new
location. The selected image will be placed immediately before
the current screen.
2 DEL
This sub-menu tool deletes the selected image captured in the
SLIDE SHOW.
1. While in the SLIDE SHOW

menu, press E to select
E EDIT, then press 2 to
select the 2 DEL sub-menu
item.
2. With the { and } cursor keys, select the image you
wish to delete.
3. Press E to remove the selected image from the SLIDE
SHOW file.
3 RENAME
Use this sub-menu tool to rename the SLIDE SHOW.
1. In the SLIDE SHOW menu, press E to select E EDIT, then

press 3 to select the 3 RENAME sub-menu item.
2. The following screen enables you to change the SLIDE SHOW
name.
3. Type the new name.
The default input mode is A-LOCK.
If you wish to incorporate numbers, press the A key to
enter numbers.
To switch back into the ALPHA mode, press A again.
4. Pressing E will store the new SLIDE SHOW name.
119
Chapter 8
Matrix Features
Within the Matrix features, up to ten different matrices can be entered.
To get to the Matrix features, press @ m. Define and edit the matrices within
this mode too.
1. Try it!
Three sheaves of the first class crop, two of the
second, and one of the third are sold for 39
dollars. Two of the first, three of the second and,
one of the third for 34 dollars. And one of the
first, two of the second and three of the third for
26 dollars. How much did you receive from each
sheaf of the first, second and third class crops?
(Chapter VIII of Chiu Chang Suan Shu - Nine

Chapters of Arithmetic Arts, 200 B.C., China)
Three equations can be derived as follows, containing three

unknown quantities:
3x + 2y + z = 39
2x + 3y + z = 34
x + 2y + 3z = 26
x, y and z represent the price for each sheaf of the first, second
and third class crops, respectively.
You can solve the above system of linear equations by using a
matrix.
CONCEPT
1. Enter the coefficients as elements in a matrix.
2. Use the rrowEF function to obtain the reduced row echelon
form.
120
Chapter 8: Matrix Features
PROCEDURE
Select a matrix 1. Press @ m to enter

to edit the MATRIX menu.
2. Press B to select EDIT
and then 1 to select 1
mat A.
Define 3. Press 3 E 4 E to
dimensions define the dimensions of the
matrix (3 rows × 4 columns).
Enter the values 4. Press 3 E 2 E 1

E 3 9 E to enter the
first row of 3x + 2y + z = 39.
The cursor will automatically
position itself at the begin-
ning of the second row.
5. Press 2 E 3 E 1 E 3 4 E to enter the second
row of 2x + 3y + z = 34.
6. Press 1 E 2 E 3
E 2 6 E to enter the
third row of x + 2y + 3z = 26.
7. Press # to return to the
calculation screen.
Matrix A is now set.
Solve the 8. Press @ m to display the MATRIX MENU, and press

problem D to select D MATH and then press 4 to select 4
rrowEF. The reduced row
echelon form is now set, as
shown:
9. Press @ m, then
press A to select NAME
and press 1 to select 1
mat A. The Matrix A is now set and ready to be calculated.
121
10. Press E.
The reduced row echelon form of the matrix is displayed.
Display Solution
1x + 0y + 0z = x = 9.25
0x + 1y + 0z = y = 4.25
0x + 0y + 1z = z = 2.75
2. Entering and Viewing a Matrix

Select a matrix 1. Press @ m, then press B (select EDIT) and
select the matrix you want to define.
Note: Up to 10 matrices from 1 matA to 0 matJ can be defined.
Define 2. Enter the row dimension number and press E.

dimensions Cursor moves to the column dimension.
3. Enter the column dimension number and press E.
The matrix will be displayed with null values. (See below.)
* It is not required to press E when the dimension number is
2 digits.
Matrix name
Matrix dimensions (row × column)
Element entry field
Input field (bottom line)
Up to 5 rows by 3 columns of elements can be displayed on the

screen.
Press ; ' { } to scroll the matrix. Use row
and column numbers on the left and upper side of the matrix to
check the display location.
• If the dimensions of the matrix have previously been defined,
the values will be displayed. You can retain or alter the dimen-
sions accordingly.
122
Enter elements 1. Press appropriate number keys to enter numbers at the 1st
in the matrix row and 1st column.
The number is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
2. Press E.
The cursor moves to the 1st row, 2nd column.
3. Sequentially input the element data.
4. Press # after completion of data input.
Editing keys and functions

;' Move the cursor within the current row or scroll horizontally.
{} Move the cursor within the current column or scroll vertically.

On the top row, { moves the cursor to the dimensions field.
E ENTER the number in the cursor position and move the cursor to
the next position.
C Clear the value of bottom line (input field).
# Store all the elements of the matrix and returns to the calculation
screen.
123
3. Normal Matrix Operations

Many calculations can be made between a matrix and a real number or between
matrices.
Examples of each calculation are as follows:
Matrix + Matrix To add or subtract matrices, the dimensions must be the same.
Matrix – Matrix Example
1. Press # C.
2. Press @ m A
1+@m
A2
3. Press E.
Matrix × Matrix To multiply two matrices, the column dimension of the first matrix
must match the row dimension of the second matrix.
Example
1. Press # C.
2. Press @ m A
1|@m
A2
3. Press E.
Square of To obtain the square of a matirx:

Matrix Example
1. Press # C.
2. Press @ m A
1y
3. Press E.
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4. Special Matrix Operations

This calculator has three Matrix calculation menus: OPE, MATH and [ ].
Examples of each calculation are as follows:
Calculations using OPE menus

01 dim( dim(matrix name)
Returns the dimensions of the specified matrix.
Example
• Check the dimensions of mat A.
• Newly define or change the
dimensions to 2 × 3 for
Mat C.
02 fill( fill(value, matrix name)

Fills each element with a
specified value.
Example
• Enter the value 5 into all the
empty elements of matrix C.
125
03 cumul cumul matrix name

Returns the cumulative matrix.
Example
• Obtain the cumulative sum of mat A.
cumulative sum of aij =
ai1 + ai2 + ...... + aij
04 augment( augment(matrix name, matrix

name)
Appends the second matrix to
the first matrix as new columns. The first and second matrices
must have the same number of rows.
Example
• Create a new matrix with matrix A augmented by matrix B.
05 identity identity dimension value

Returns the identity matrix with specified value of rows and
columns.
Example
• Create the identity matrix of
3 rows × 3 columns.
06 rnd_mat( rnd_mat(number of row, number of column)

Returns a random matrix with specified values of rows and
columns.
Example
• Create a matrix of 2 rows × 3
columns with generated
random values.
(when TAB = 2 and FSE =
“FIX” at SETUP menu)
126
07 row_swap( row_swap(matrix name, row number, row number)

Returns the matrix with specified rows swapped.
Example
• Swap the 2nd and 3rd rows in
the matrix E.
e2j = e3j , e3j = e2j
08 row_plus( row_plus(matrix name, row number, row number)

Adds the first specified row data to the second specified row data.
Example
• Add the 2nd row data to the
first row of matrix E.
e1j = e1j + e2j
09 row_mult( row_mult(multiplied number, matrix name, row number)

Returns the scalar multiplication of elements in a specified row.
Example
• 3 × each element of 1st row of
mat E
e1j = 3 × e1j
10 row_m.p.( row_m.p.(multiplied number, matrix name, row number, row

number)
Returns the scalar multiplication of elements in a specified row
and adds result to elements in another specified row.
Example
• 2 × each element of 3rd row
and add the result to each
element of the 1st row.
e1j = e1j + 2 × e2j
127
11 mat→list( Creates lists with elements from each column in the matrix.
If dimensions of columns is greater than the number of lists
specified, extra columns are ignored. Also, if it is less than the
number of lists specified, extra lists are ignored.
mat→list(matrix name, list name 1, ..., list name n)

Example
• Make List 1 and List 2 by
using the 1st and 2nd
columns of matrix E,
respectively.
mat→list(matrix name, column number, list name)

Example
• Make List 3 by using the 3rd
column of matrix E.
12 list→mat( list→mat(list 1, .... list n, matrix name)

Creates a matrix using specified lists. This function is the same as
list→mat( in the List OPE menu.
Note: The list items must be prepared prior to executing this function.
Example
• Create columns of matrix D by
using list items in L1 and L2.
128
Calculations using MATH menus

1 det det matrix name
Returns the determinant of a square matrix.
The determinant can only be applied to a matrix which has the
same row and column dimensions.
Example
• Give the determinant of matrix
A.
2 trans trans matrix name

Returns the matrix with the columns transposed to rows and the
rows transposed to columns.
Example
• Transpose rows and columns
of matrix B.
3 rowEF rowEF matrix name

Returns the row Echelon Form of the specified matrix. The
number of columns must be greater than or equal to the number
of rows.
Example
• Give the row-echelon form of
matrix B.
4 rrowEF rrowEF matrix name

Returns the reduced row Echelon Form of the specified matrix.
The number of columns must be greater than or equal to the
number of rows.
Example
• Give the reduced row-echelon
form of matrix B.
129
Use of [ ] menus
Using [ ] menus, you can manually enter a matrix on the calculation screen.
1. Press @ m E 1 ( [ ) at the beginning of the
matrix.
2. Press @ m 1 ( [ ) to indicate the beginning of the
first row.
Once you enter the manual matrix entry mode, you can
directly enter “or” by selecting 1 or 2.
3. Enter a number or expression for each element. Separate
each element with commas.
4. Press @ m 2
( ] ) to indicate the end of the
first row.
5. Repeat above steps 2 to 4 to enter all the rows.

6. Press @ m 2 ( ] ) to indicate the end of the
matrix.
7. Press E.
The matrix will be displayed.
Using a Matrix in To use a matrix in an expression, you can do any of the follow-
an expression ings:
• Select a matrix from the m NAME menu.
• Enter the matrix directly using the [ ] function menus.
130
Chapter 9
List Features
List features can be used in both Advanced and Basic mode. In this chapter, all the
procedures are based on the Advanced mode. In the Basic mode, press @ l
and select A NAME to access L1 to L6.
1. Try it!
By analyzing years of data, we found that it takes the driver of a car
approximately 0.75 seconds to react to a situation before actually applying the
brakes. Once the brake pedal is depressed, it takes additional time for the car to
come to a complete stop. Here is the equation used to compute total stopping
distance on dry, level concrete:
The reaction time distance (in feet) = 1.1 times the speed (in miles per hour);
The braking distance = 0.06 times the speed squared;
y = (1.1 × v) + (0.06 × v2),
where y represents the total stopping distance
(in feet), and v represents the speed (miles/
hour)
Calculate the total stopping distances at the
speeds of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 miles per hour.
CONCEPT
1. You can calculate all answers individually, but if you use list,
you can obtain the results with one calculation.
PROCEDURE
Enter each 2. Press # C to enter the calculation screen.
speed value in 3. Press @ { 30
the list , 40 , 50 ,
60 , 70 , 80
@}
The calculator displays the
set of data.
131
Chapter 9: List Features
Store the list in 4. Press R @ 1.

L1 5. Press E to store the list
in L1.
Enter the 6. Press 1.1 | @

equation using 1 + 0.06 |
L1 @1y
7. Press E.
8. List {87, 140, 205, 282, 371,

472} will appear.
So the solutions are:
Car speed Stopping distance

30 miles/hour 87 feet
Note: • You can also perform the

above calculation using the
direct list input method (using
braces).
1.1 | {30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80} + 0.06 | {30, 40,
50, 60, 70, 80} y and press E.
• In the Basic mode, you can
access L1 to L6 from A
NAME and “{ }” (braces) from
E {} in the LIST menu.
132
2. Creating a list
A list is a series of values enclosed by braces, and is treated as a single value in
calculations or an equations.
The calculator has 6 storage areas for lists from L1 to L6.
You can edit or access lists by pressing @ 1 to 6 (numeric keys from 1
to 6).
Using @ l (L_DATA) menus, you can store up to 10 sets (L_DATA 0 to
L_DATA 9) of lists (L1 to L6) in a memory and recall any of the stored sets as re-
quired.
Store a series 1. Press # C to enter the calculation screen.

of data 1, 3, 2, 2. Press @ { 1 ,
and 9 in the list 3,2,9@
L1, and 5, 4, 6, 3 }
in L2
3. Press R @ 1.
4. Press E to store the list
in L1.
5. Press @ { 5 ,
4,6,3@
}R@2
E for L2.
Tips: To view a specific list, press
@ 1 to 6, then E at the calculation screen.
3. Normal List Operations

• Lists can contain real and complex numbers.
• Lists can be used as values (or variables) in calculations or equations.
• Calculations between lists are also possible. (Both lists must contain the same
number of elements.)
• The following examples use the L1 and L2 values stored in the previous section.
133
Calculate 10 × 1. Press 10 | @
L1 and store the 1R@3
results in L3 E.
Calculate the 2. Press s @ 3

sine of L3 E. “...” shows that
results extend beyond the
display to the right. Use
;, ' to scroll left or
right, respectively.
Calculate 3. Press @ 1 +
L1 + L2 @ 2 E.
Change the 3rd 4. Press _ 3 R @

element of L1 1(3)A
to –3 / @ 1 E.
Append the new 5. Press 7 R @ 1

value 7 to L1 as (5)A/
the 5th element @ 1 E.
Note: Separated by a colon (:), two or
more commands can be
entered in one line.
Calculate the 6. Press @ + @

root of L2 2 E.
134
4. Special List Operations

This calculator has three list calculation menus: OPE, MATH and L_DATA.
* In the Basic mode, L1 to L6 (list names) can be accessed from the LIST menu.
Calculations using the OPE menu functions

1 sortA( sortA(list name)
Sorts lists in ascending order.
Example
• Store list {2, 7, 4} in L1, and
sort L1 in ascending order.
2 sortD( sortD(list name)

Sorts lists in descending order.
Example
• Sort the above list L1 in
descending order.
Note: sortA(list name 1, subordinate list name 1,...)
If two or more lists are entered separated by commas, a sort is
performed on the first list as a key, and the following lists are
sorted in the order corresponding to the elements in first list (key
list).
Example
• Store lists {2, 7, 4} and {-3, -4,
-1} in L1 and L2 respectively,
and sort L1 and L2 in ascend-
ing order using list L1 as a
key list.
135
3 dim( dim(list)
Returns the number of items
(dimension) in the list.
Example
• Display the dimension of list
L1.
natural number ⇒ dim(list name)

Set the number of items (dimension) of specified list to the
specified number.
Example
• Set the dimension of list L6 to
4.
All the elements are initially 0.
This operation overwrites the
existing list dimensions.
The existing values within the new dimensions remain as they
are.
4 fill( fill(value, list)

Enter the specified value for all the items in the specified list.
* The dimension of the list must be set beforehand.
Example
• Set the dimension of list L6 to
4 and substitute 5 for all the
items of list L6.
136
5 seq( seq(equation, start value, end value[, increments]) target list

name
Makes a list using the specified equation, range (start value and
end value) and increments.
Example
• Fill the list using the equation
y = x2 – 8, where x increases
from -4 to 4 by increments of
2.
* If increment is omitted, the
default value 1 is used.
6 cumul cumul list

Sequentially cumulates each item in the list (for Advanced mode
only).
li = l1 + l2 + ... + li , where li is the i-th item of the list.
Example
• Set the list L1 to {4, 2, 7}, and
obtain the cumulated list L1.
• Cumulate the above result.
7 df_list df_list list

Returns a new list using the difference between adjacent items in
the list.
li = li+1 – li, where li is the i-th item of the list.
Example
• Set the list L1 to {4, 2, 7}, and
calculate the difference
between adjacent items.
137
8 augment( augment(list 1, list 2)

Returns a list appending the specified lists.
Example
• Obtain the list appending L1
({4, 2, 7}) and L2 ({-1, -3, -4}).
9 list→mat( list→mat(list 1, ..., list n, matrix name)

Makes a matrix using the specified list as column data, stored
under the specified matrix name (for Advanced mode only).
Example
• Make a matrix mat A using list
L1 as the first row and list L2
as the second row.
* The dimensions of the two
lists must be the same.
* Complex numbers cannot be used with this function.
* This function is the same as list→mat of the OPE menu in the
MATRIX function.
0 mat→list( mat→list(matrix name, list name 1, ..., list name n)

Makes lists from the matrix (for Advanced mode only).
This function is the same as “mat→list” of the OPE menu in the
MATRIX function. See page 128 for details.
138
Calculations using MATH Menus

During the following explanations, the values of lists, L1 and L2 will be assumed to be:
L1 = {2, 8, -4}
L2 = {-3, -4, -1}
1 min( min(list)
Returns the minimum value in the list.
Example
• Calculate the minimum value
of the list L1.
2 max( max(list)
Returns the maximum value in
the list.
Example
• Calculate the maximum value of the specified list L2.
Note: min(list 1, list 2)
max(list 1, list 2)
If two lists are specified in
parenthesis separated by a
comma, then a list consisting of
minimum (or maximum) values
is returned.
3 mean( mean(list [, frequency list])

Returns the mean value of items in the specified list.
Example
• Calculate the mean value of
list L1.
139
4 median( median(list [, frequency list])

Returns the median value of items in the specified list.
Example
• Calculate the median value of
the list L2.
5 sum( sum(list [, start number, end number])

Returns the sum of items in the specified list.
Example
• Calculated the sum of the list
items of L1.
* You can specify the range of
items in the list to sum.
sum(L1,1,2) means sum
the 1st to 2nd items of the list L1.
sum(L1,2) means sum all items from the second to the last
of the list L1.
6 prod( prod(list [, start number, end number])

Returns the multiplication of items in the specified list (for
Advanced mode only).
Example
• Calculate the multiplication of
items in the list L1.
* You can specify the range of
items in the list to multiply.
prod(L1,1,2) means
multiply the 1st to 2nd items of the list L1.
prod(L1,2) means multiplication of all items from the
second to the last of the list L1.
140
7 stdDv( stdDv(list [, frequency list])

Returns the standard deviation of the specified list items.
Example
• Calculate the standard
deviation using the list items
of list L2.
8 varian( varian(list [, frequency list])

Returns the variance of the specified list items.
Example
• Calculate the variance using
the list items of list L2.
Standard deviation and variance

Standard deviation: s = Variance
n
∑ (l – m)
2
Variance = k=1
k
n–1
where n = number of list items
lk = list item value
m = mean value of the list
5. Drawing multiple graphs using the list function

Using list items as coordinates, you can simultaneously draw multiple graphs.
1. Press Y.
2. Enter the equation;
Y1 = {3, -2}x2 + {5, 3}x + {2, 4}
141
3. Press G.
Two graphs are drawn as
shown on the right.
In this case, the first one
represents the equation y =
3x2 + 5x + 2 and the second y = -2x2 + 3x + 4.
You can also use L1 to L6 to enter the equation;

1. Set the lists L1 to L3 as
follows;
{3, -2} ⇒ L1,
{5, 3} ⇒ L2,
{2, 4} ⇒ L3, and then
2. Enter the equation as follows.
Y1 = L1x2 + L2x + L3
6. Using L_DATA functions

The calculator can store up to 10 list groups in memory (L_DATA 0 to L_DATA 9). You
may store or recall any one of these list groups. Each list group can contain up to 6
lists.
1 StoLD StoLD natural number (0-9)

Stores the current group of lists (L1 to L6) in L_DATA 0 to 9.
Example
1. Press @ l and
select C 1.
2. Enter the preferred number
from 0 to 9 and press E.
“Done” will appear and the
current lists will be stored in L_DATA #.
142
2 RclLD RclLD natural number (0-9)

Recall the stored group of lists for use.
Any current list data (not stored in L_DATA) is overwritten.
Example
1. Press @ l and
select C 2.
2. Enter the number to recall
and press E.
“Done” will appear and the
current lists will be overwritten by the recalled list group.
7. Using List Table to Enter or Edit Lists

You can use List Table in the STAT menu to easily access the contents of the lists.
Though the STAT menu was originally designed for Statistics function calculations, the
List Table is very useful for entering or editing list items.
How to enter the list

1. Press S A E.
The list table will appear.
The first column indicates
the order number of each
list, and the 2nd column
corresponds to the list L1, the 3rd to the L2, and so on.
2. Move the cursor to the target cell and enter the appropriate
value.
The value will appear on the bottom line.
3. Press E.
The value will enter the cell and the cursor move down to the
next cell.
* “--------” indicates the end of the list. When you enter the value,
“--------” goes down to the next cell.
143
How to edit the list

1. Press S and select A EDIT, then press E.
2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor to the target cell.
3. Enter the new value and press E.
The new value will be stored in the target cell.
* The display on the bottom line relates to the cell where the
cursor pointer is located.
Though any number can be entered in a cell, the bottom line of
the screen can display up to a maximum of 10 digits excluding
exponents, and the cell can display up to a maximum of 8 digits
including exponents.
144
Chapter 10
Statistics & Regression
Calculations
Note: The explanation of this chapter is based on the Advanced
Keyboard.
The following statistical and regression features are available:
• Statistical calculations such as means and standard deviations
• Graphing statistical data
• Plotting regression curves
• Statistical tests
• Estimation
• Obtaining coefficients from regressions
• Distribution functions
1. Try it!
The following table shows the access counts (per hour) of a certain web site
from Sunday midnight to Monday midnight.
Hours 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sunday 98 72 55 3 6 24 15 30 59 72 55 43 21 10 150 151 135 108 204 253 232 251 75 30
Monday 32 8 12 2 4 19 32 72 95 91 123 201 184 108 95 72 45 38 75 111 153 90 84 35
Let’s input these data into the calculator (List

function) and plot a histogram.
Opening the list 1. Press S.

table to enter The Stat menu will appear.
data
145
Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations
2. Select A EDIT and press E.

The List table will appear. Initially, all elements are blank and
the cursor pointer is located at L1-1 (top left).
Entering hours 3. Input 1 for hour.

(index value) 4. 1 will be displayed at the
bottom line of the display.
5. Press E to input the
index value.
6. Continue the procedure to input 2 to 24.
Entering the 7. Press ' to move the

data for Sunday cursor to the top line of L2.
8. Input 98 for hour 01.
98 will be displayed at the
bottom line of the display.
9. Press E to input the data.
98 will appear in position L2-1 and the cursor will move to the
second row.
10. Input 72 for hour 02 and press E. Continue the procedure
to the end of the data.
Entering the 11. Press ' to move the

data for Monday cursor to the top line of L3.
12. Input 32 for hour 01 and
press E.
13. Continue the procedure to
the end of the data.
If you enter the 1. Press ;, ', {, or } to move the cursor

wrong data pointer to the target cell.
2. Input the correct number and press E.
Graphing the Now we can plot the data to make histograms, broken line graphs
statistical data and other statistical graphs.
(Histogram) 1. Press [.
2. Select A PLOT1 and press E.
The following screen will appear.
146
Setting the 3. The first line shows if the

graph drawing graph drawing is on or off.
“on” Initially, the graph drawing is
off. With the cursor pointer at
the “on” position, press
E to set the graph
drawing on.
Selecting 4. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (DATA).

whether 1- 5. Select X for 1-variable plotting and press E.
variable plotting
or 2-variable
plotting
Select the list Determining ListX and Freq Frequency relates to the number of
number used times access occurred (L2) at the ListX stage. You can refer that
for graphing the Access of ListX (L1) hour occurred Freq (L2) number of times.
6. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (ListX).
7. The default list name for ListX is L1. If another list name is set,
press @ 1 to enter L1.
8. L1 is set to be used for x-axis items.
Setting the 9. Press } to move the

frequency cursor to the next line (Freq).
10. Press @ 2 to enter
L2.
Selecting the 11. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (GRAPH).
graph 12. The graph format defaults to histogram, so if that is what is
required, this does not need to be changed.
Making a graph 13. Press Z, and then

select A ZOOM.
14. Press ' to move the
cursor right and then press
} several times.
9 Stat will appear.
147
15. Select 9 Stat and press E.

You can directly press 9 at step 13 to select 9 Stat.
The histogram will appear on the display.
When you draw the graph using the automatic statistics zoom
function (9 Stat), the division number is automatically set to
Xmax –Xmin
Xscl
(default value: 10). If you wish to show the graph
hour by hour, change the value in the W menu.
Set the WINDOW 1. Press W.

settings Window (Rect) setting menu
will appear.
2. Enter the values as shown in
the diagram to the right.
Ymax is determined by the maximum access number (253 at
20:00 on Sunday).
3. Press G.
You can compare up to 3
statistical data by setting
PLOT2/PLOT3 to on.
Compare the
access rates on
Sunday and
Monday
Set the statistical 1. Press [ A E and move the cursor to GRAPH.

plotting of PLOT1 2. Press [ again.
(Sunday data) to
3. Press B and 1
a broken line
(broken line with circle dots).
4. Press G.
The histogram is now
changed to a broken line graph.
5. Press @ q to clear the screen.
6. Press [ and select B PLOT2.
7. Set as follows.
PLOT: on, DATA: X, ListX: L1, and Freq: L3.
148
8. Move the cursor to GRAPH

and press [.
9. Press B 2 (broken
line with cross points).
10. Press G.
Now you can compare the
difference in web site access
counts between Sunday and Monday.
Press @ q.
2. Statistics Features
1. STAT menus
Press the S key to access the statistical calculation menus. The menus are as
follows:
A EDIT Provides the entry or edit mode and displays a list table.
B OPE Calculation menu for operations such as ascending or descend-
ing sort.
C CALC Obtains statistical values.
D REG Calculates regression curves.
E TEST Statistical hypothesis tests
F DISTRI Distribution menu items
Data Entry Use a list table to enter the statistical data (press S to
access). Up to 999 elements can be used for each list, though the
amount of data able to be entered will vary according to the
memory usage.
Calculating Use the CALC menu under the STAT menu to obtain statistic
statistic values values.
(CALC menu) Press S C to access the CALC menu.
149
2. Statistical evaluations available under the C CALC menu

1_Stats 1-variable (x) statistical a calculations
_
x Mean of sample (x)
sx Standard deviation of sample (x)
sx = Σx – nx
2 2
n–1
σx Population standard deviation of sample (x)
σx = Σx – nx
2 2
n
Σx Sum of sample (x)
Σx 2
Sum of squares of sample (x)
n Sample number
xmin Smallest value of sample (x)
Q1 First quartile of sample (x)
Med Median of sample (x)
Q3 Third quartile of sample (x)
xmax Largest value of sample (x)
2_Stats 2-variable (x, y) statistical calculations

The following values are added to the 1-variable statistic calcula-
tions
_
y Mean of sample (y)
sy Standard deviation of sample (y)
σy Population standard deviation of sample (y)
Σy Sum of sample (y)
Σy 2
Sum of squares of sample (y)
Σxy Sum of product of sample (x, y)
ymin Smallest value of sample (y)
ymax Largest value of sample (y)
150
The web site access counts example on page 145 will be used again to demonstrate
the calculation of statistical values.
Hours 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sunday 98 72 55 3 6 24 15 30 59 72 55 43 21 10 150 151 135 108 204 253 232 251 75 30
Monday 32 8 12 2 4 19 32 72 95 91 123 201 184 108 95 72 45 38 75 111 153 90 84 35
* If you did not previously enter the above values in the list table, press S and
select A EDIT to display the list entry mode and enter the values.
Calculating one-variable statistics using web site access counts for Sunday (L2) and
Monday (L3).
Statistical 1. Press # C and S to display the statistics menu.

calculations 2. Press C and then 1.
using the 1_Stats will be displayed on the top line of the screen followed
Sunday data (L2) by the cursor.
L2 and press E.
All the statistical values will
be displayed on the screen.
4. Press } or { to scroll the screen.
Statistical 5. Press S to display the statistics menu.

calculations 6. Press C and then 1.
using the 1_Stats will be displayed on the bottom line of the screen
Monday data (L3) followed by the cursor.
L3 and press E.
151
Calculating the previous two-variable statistical values can be

performed in a single operation. Use a “ , ” (comma) to separate
the two variables.
1. Press # C and
S to display the statis-
tics menu.
2. Press C and then
2.
2_Stats will be displayed on the top line of the screen followed
by the cursor.
3. Press @ 2 , @ 3 to enter L2 and L3,
and press E.
All the statistical values will
be displayed on the screen.
4. Press } or { to
scroll the screen.
ANOVA( The ANOVA( feature performs an analysis of variance to compare

up to six population means.
1. Press # C and S to display the statistics menu.
2. Press C and then 3.
ANOVA(_ will display on the top line of the screen.
3. Press @ 2 ,
@ 3 ).
4. Press E.
The answer will appear on
the screen.
Each character represents the following variables.

F The F statistic for the analysis
p The p value for the analysis
df Degrees of freedom
SS Sum of squares
MS Mean Square
sxp Pooled standard deviation
152
3. Graphing the statistical data

Press [ to access the statistical graphing mode.
The calculator can plot statistical data on up to 3 types of graph
(PLOT1 to PLOT3) to check the state of distribution.
The graph types can be selected from histogram, broken line plot,
normal probability plot, normal distribution plot, box plot, modified
box plot, pie chart, scatter diagram and XY line. Broken line plot,
normal probability plot, modified box plot, scatter diagram and XY
line can use 3 different types of points — circle, cross, and
square.
Statistical graph types overview (chart)
Histogram
Broken line plot
Normal probability plot
PLOT1 POINT: °
Normal distribution plot
PLOT2 Box plot POINT: +
Modified box plot
PLOT3 POINT:
Pie chart
Scatter diagram
XY line
1. Graph Types
Histogram A bar graph of sample (x)
(HIST) The width of the bars is set by the Xscl*.
The Y-axis shows the frequency.
* The Xscl can be changed to
between 1 and 64. Use the
Window Setting Menu to
change the Xscl. (See page
57.)
153
Broken line plot A broken line graph for the frequency distribution of sample (x)
(B.L.) Three types of points can be selected from circle, cross and
square.
The correlation of points between histogram and broken line plot
are shown on the right. (The broken line is displayed by connect-
ing the upper left points of the bars of the histogram, as the upper
left point of each bar represents
each class value in the histo-
gram.)
The calculator can draw both a
histogram and a broken line plot
at the same time.
Normal Plots the variance of the

probability plot standardized normal distribution
(N.P.) with the statistical data (x) on
the X axis or Y axis.
If the points plot almost linearly,
it indicates that the data is of
normal distribution.
The distance between the dots is set by the Xscl.
• The Xscl can be changed between 1 and 64. Use the Window
Setting Menu to change the figure. (See page 57)
• You cannot set the frequency in the Normal probability plot. The
statistical data must be created using only one list without
splitting into the data and frequency.
Normal A normal distribution curve of sample(x)

distribution plot The x-axis is in the range of
(N.D.) Xmin to Xmax.
154
Box plot A box plot graph of sample (x)

(Box) A. The minimum value (xmin) of
the sample (x)
B. The first quartile (Q1) A B C D E
C. Median (Med) of the sample
(x)
D. The third quartile (Q3)
E. The maximum value (xmax) of the sample (x)
Modified box A modified box plot graph of sample (x)

plot A. The minimum value (xmin) of
(MBox) the sample (x)
B. The tip of extension which is
defined by (Q3 – Q1) x 1.5 A B CD E F G
C. The first quartile (Q1)

D. Median (Med) of the sample (x)
E. The third quartile (Q3)
F. The tip of extension which is defined by (Q3 – Q1) x 1.5
G. The maximum value (xmax) of the sample (x)
• Statistical data on the outside of the extension are indicated by
points, selectable from circle, cross, or square.
• The length of the extension from the box is determined by Q1
and Q3.
155
Pie chart Pie graph of sample (x)

(PIE) • Maximum number of division
is 8.
• Calculation range: 0 ≤ x < 10100
• Data can be displayed in two
modes:
• Value display: 8 digits
• Percentage display: Fixed decimal (2 digits decimal)
* Pie graphs are drawn in the same order as on the specifying
list.
* Pie graphs cannot be displayed simultaneously with other
graphs and X/Y axis, though lines or dots can be drawn. The
coordinates of the free-moving cursor depend on the Window
settings.
• The values are stored in variables A to H.
• As all the displayed values are rounded down in the percentage
display mode, the total percentage may not be 100.
Scatter diagram A two-dimensional plot graph using two samples (x, y)

(S.D.) Two sets of statistical data are required for the scatter diagram.
• Three types of points are
selectable from circle, cross
and square.
• Two statistical data lists can
be set to either x- or y-axis
according to your requirements.
XY Line • Displays a graph that con-

(XYLINE) nects each point of the scatter
diagram.
• Each point is connected in the
sequence (rows) of the
statistical data.
156
2. Specifying statistical graph and graph functions

• Up to three graphs can be plotted per sample data.
Specifying type 1. Press [.

of statistics 2. Select from A PLOT1, B PLOT2 or C PLOT3 and press E
graphing to set the statistical graphing specifications.
Press @ q before step #3.
• You may just press A to C to select.
• You can overlap 3 plotting graphs (from PLOT1 to PLOT3) on a
single screen. Choose on or off at the top line to determine
whether each graph is displayed or not.
Limit settings 3. Press [ D (D Limit) to specify the graphing range.

(x value) The D Limit menu is used to set the upper and lower limit
lines of sample (x) of the statistical graph.
Displaying the 4. Press 1 (1 SET).

upper and lower 5. Enter the appropriate value for Lower limit and press E.
limit lines
6. Enter the appropriate value for Upper limit and press E.
Displaying the 7. Press [ D (D Limit) and press 2 (2 LimON)

mean value line E to display a line that indicates the mean value of
of sample (x) sample (x), as well as the upper and lower limit lines.
8. Press [ D 3 (3 LimOFF) and E not to
display the lines.
• Upper and lower limit values are displayed using short broken
lines.
• The default value of the upper/lower limit is 1.
* The mean value line is indicated by a long broken line.
3. Statistical plotting on/off function

• You can set the statistical plotting of PLOT 1 to 3 at once.
1. Press [.
2. Press E.
157
3. • To set the all plotting ON: Press 1 (1 PlotON).

• To set the all plotting OFF: Press 2 (2 PlotOFF).
* You can control the plotting of PLOT1 to PLOT3 separately
by pressing 1 ~ 3 after PlotON (or PlotOFF).
4. Press E to set.
4. Trace function of statistical graphs

• The trace feature is available in statistical graphing and can be used to trace the
curves of graphs with the cursor.
Tracing the 1. Press U.

graph 2. Use ; or ' to move the cursor pointer to trace the
graph curve.
Histogram How tracing is done

• After pressing U, the
cursor pointer will appear on
the top left corner of the first
bar.
• If you press ; or ', the cursor pointer sequentially
jumps between top left corners of the bars.
• X and Y values are displayed at the bottom line of the screen.
• Use { or } to change between graphs to trace.
Box plots and • After pressing U, the

modified box cursor pointer will appear on
plots the Med value of sample (x).
• If you press ; or ',
the cursor pointer sequentially
jumps among specific values, such as Q1, Q3, min, max.
• The value of cursor pointer position is displayed at the bottom
line of the screen.
Pie chart • If you press ; or ', the cursor pointer sequentially

trace the chart. The cursor is displayed at the outside the graph,
and the selected chart is highlighted.
158
4. Data list operations

Descending sort, ascending sort, changing the list order and deleting the lists can be
done in the Operation menu.
Press S B OPE to access the data list operations.
1 sortA( sortA(list)
Sorts the list in ascending order.
This function is the same as the sortA( menu item in List func-
tions.
See page 135 for details.
2 sortD( sortD(list)
Sorts the list in descending order.
This function is the same as the sortD( menu item in List func-
tions.
See page 135 for details.
3 SetList SetList list name 1 [, list name 2 ...]

Changes the list order as specified.
Example
To change the order of lists in
order of L2, L3, L1.
Press E to execute.
Each list must be separated by
a “ , ” (comma).
• If only a single list name is specified, the specified list moves to
the left end of the table.
• After changing the list order, execute SetList with no argument.
The list names are redefined according to the changing order.
4 ClrList ClrList list name 1 [, list name 2 ...]

Deletes all the data from the specified list(s).
Example
To delete the data of L1 and L2.
Press E to execute.
Each list must be separated by
a “ , ” (comma).
159
5. Regression Calculations
Accessing the 1. Press S D REG.
regression menu The Regression menu is displayed.
01 Med_Med Med_Med (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression line using the median-median method.
(linear regression)
Formula: y = ax + b
Parameters: a, b
02 Rg_ax+b Rg_ax+b (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression line. (linear regression)
Formula: y = ax + b
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
03 Rg_a+bx Rg_a+bx (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression line. (linear regression)
Formula: y = a + bx
04 Rg_x2 Rg_x2 (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression line using the second degree polynomial.
(quadratic regression)
Formula: y = ax2 + bx + c
Parameters: a, b, c, R2
Finds the regression line using the third degree polynomial. (cubic
regression)
Formula: y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
Parameters: a, b, c, d, R2
160
Finds the regression curve using the fourth degree polynomial.
(quadratic regression)
Formula: y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e
Parameters: a, b, c, d, e, R2
07 Rg_ln Rg_ln (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression curve using the natural logarithm. (natural
logarithm regression)
Formula: y = a + b ln x
08 Rg_log Rg_log (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression curve using the common logarithm. (com-
mon logarithm regression)
Formula: y = a + b log x
09 Rg_abx Rg_abx (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression curve using the exponential function.
(exponential regression)
Formula: y = abx
10 Rg_aebx Rg_aebx (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression curve using the Euler exponential function.
(Euler exponential regression)
Formula: y = ae^bx
161
11 Rg_x–1 Rg_x–1 (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression curve using the reciprocal function. (recipro-
cal regression)
Formula: y = a + bx-1
12 Rg_axb Rg_axb (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression curve using the power function. (power
regression)
Formula: y = axb
13 Rg_logistic Rg_logistic (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
Finds the regression curve using the logistic function. (logistic
regression)
Formula: y = c ÷ (1 + ae-bx)
Parameters: a, b, c
14 Rg_sin Rg_sin ([iterations,] list name for x, list name for y [, fre-
quency list] [, period] [, equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the sine function.
The calculator will fit a sine curve for unequal and equal spacing.
Formula: y = a sin(bx + c) + d
Parameters: a, b, c, d
Note: The default iterations value is 3. The user may specify the value
up to 25. To raise the accuracy, set the iterations value to 25 and
enter 2π/b to the period, where b = result obtained from the
calculation beforehand.
162
15 x’ value or list x’
Finds the estimated value of x for a given value of y by applying
the function determined by the regression.
Example
When the following is entered as statistical data:
x 10 20 30 40 50
y 20 40 60 80 100
Find estimated value of x given

y = 140.
1. Enter the above data into L1
(x) and L2 (y) and execute
Rg_ax+b (L1, L2).
2. Press # 140 S D 1 5 E.
16 y’ value or list y’
Find the estimated value of y for a given value of x by applying
the function determined by the regression formula.
Example
Using above data, find the estimated value for y given x = 80, 100.
1. Press # @ { 80
, 100 @ }
SD16
E.
• 15 x’ and 16 y’ will be valid
after executing a regression calculation excluding 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
degree polynomial, logistic, and sine regressions.
Using the The following table shows the relationship between the time and
regression temperature of water, when heating a beaker filled with water.
functions
Time (min) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5

Temperature
38.4 46.4 54.4 62.5 69.6 76.1 82.4 88.6 93.4 94.9 96.5 98.2 99.1 100
(°C)
163
Enter a data in a 1. Press S A E.

list table 2. Enter the time into list 1 (L1).
3. Enter the temperature into list 2 (L2).
Plotting the data 1. Press [ A E.

2. Press E to turn on the plotting.
3. Press } and ' to select XY of DATA menu and press
E.
Freq will change to ListY and set L2 to ListY.
Selecting the 1. Press } to move the cursor to GRAPH.

graph type 2. Press [ G and 2 (2 Scattr+) to set the graph
type to scatter and point type to “+”.
3. Press Z A 9 (9 Stat) to plot the scatter diagram
for this data.
• Selecting A 9 in the ZOOM mode allows for quick
graphing in an optimum range since window setting values of
the graph plotting screen are automatically set using the list
data.
Drawing a 1. Press # C S D 0 4 (04 Rg_x2).

regression 2. Press ( @ 1 , @ 2 , @
curve using z A E A 1 ).
quadratic If you enter Y1 as the last variable, the obtained formula will
regression automatically be set to the formula Y1.
3. Press E.
The regression formula and parameters will be displayed on
the screen.
4. Press G.
The calculator will draw the scatter diagram using the deter-
mined parameter values.
5. If there is a large difference between the regression curve and
plotted dots, change the regression curve and repeat the
above procedures.
164
About the • There are residuals between regression curves and actual
residual list values.
• The residual list stores these residuals automatically.
• The resid list can be found in B REGEQN of the STAT VARS
menu (@ z H E B 0).
• Use the following key operation to recall the residual list from
the calculation screen.
#C@zHEB0
• Press E to display the residual list on-screen.
• To show the residual list in the form of a graph, first store as a
list, then follow the graphing operation.
* resid cannot be graphed when specified independently.
6. Statistical Hypothesis Testing

• The calculator performs hypothesis tests on statistical data.
Start a statisti- 1. Press S E (E TEST).

cal test The statistics test menu will appear.
2. There are 17 options in the statistics test menu. Press '
to navigate between pages,
and press { or } to
scroll the window.
3. Press the appropriate
number to access a specific
test.
The statistics test window will appear.
4. Input appropriate information in the test window.
• There are two types of input, from a statistics data list or
inputting numerical values.
• Some tests may not allow for inputting from the statistics
data lists.
165
• 16 InputList and 17 InputStats specify the above input

methods.
16 InputList: Sets the input mode to the statistic data list
method
17 InputStats: Sets the input mode to the value input mode
For example, press S E 1 6 E to set to
the list input mode.
5. Press @ h to execute the hypothesis test.
Note: • Either list input or parameter input may be used for tests other
than 01 χ2test, 05 TtestLinreg, 10 Ztest1prop, 11Ztest2prop,
14 Zint1prop and 15 Zint2prop.
• To clear the contents entered in Freq, move the cursor to the
list name then press D E.
01 χ2 test Uses the sample data from a two-dimensional table represented

by a matrix.
Example
If mat A = 3254
6138
2351
execute the χ2test and store the obtaining results in mat B.
1. Press S E 0 1.
2. Enter mat A as the Observed Matrix, and mat B as the
Expected Matrix.
Press @ m A
1E@m
A 2.
3. Press @ h to
execute the χ2 test.
The result is entered in mat
B.
χ2: χ-squared statistic for the
test
p: p value for the test
df: degrees of freedom
166
02 Ftest2samp Two samples data are tested for equality of standard deviation σ1
and σ2.
Example
Test when population standard deviation σ1 < σ2,
n1 = 20,
standard deviation sx1 = 5.6,
n2 = 50, and
standard deviation sx2 = 6.2
Set the input 1. Press # S E 1 7 E.

method to value 2. Press S E 0 2.
input mode The parameter input screen
will appear.
3. Press ' E } to
select σ1 < σ2.
4. Enter the values into the
parameter fields.
5.6 E 20 E 6.2 E 50 E.
5. Press @ h to
execute the test.
F: Statistics
p: Probability
03 Ttest1samp Tests the hypothesis of population mean µ.

Example
Test the population mean µ0 = 65 with the sample data of
{65.6, 62.8, 66.0, 64.5, 65.1, 65.3, 63.8, 64.2, 63.5, 64.4},
from a given population
(alternate hypothesis of µ < µ0)
1. Enter the above statistical data into L1.
Press S E 1 6 E to set the list input
mode.
2. Press S E 0 3.
The parameter input screen will appear.
167
3. Press ' E } to
select µ < µ0 and press
E.
4. Move the cursor pointer to µ0
and input 65 and press
E.
5. Set the List to L1 and press E.
6. Press @ h.
Answers are displayed on
the screen, where t is the t
statistic for the test, p is the
p value for the test and sx
indicates sample standard
deviation.
• If there is no weight list, the Freq field can remain empty.
04 Ttest2samp Tests two sample means, µ1 and µ2.

Example
Test the following two samples;
List 1 {2.37, 2.51, 2.43, 2.28, 2.46, 2.55, 2.49}
List 2 {2.63, 2.71, 2.56, 2.61, 2.55, 2.68, 2.42, 2.48, 2.51, 2.65}
1. Enter the above data into lists L1 and L2, respectively.
2. Press S E 0
4.
The parameter input screen
will appear.
3. Enter the appropriate value
into each field.
If no Freq specification data
is input, an initial Freq value
of 1 is used.
* Pooled is prediction for
unknown σ1, σ2.
Select “No” if σ1, σ2, are subjectively unequal.
Select “Yes” if σ1, σ2, are equal.
Calculation is executed using this prediction as the basis.
168
4. Press @ h.
05 TtestLinreg Tests the significance of the slope for the linear regression and its
correlation coefficient ρ.
Example
The test is for the slope β, and correlation coefficient ρ obtained
from statistical data X {65, 56, 78, 86, 92, 71, 68} and Y {95, 59,
88, 78, 75, 68, 80} are not equal to zero (β & ρ ≠ 0.)
1. Input the above lists X and Y into lists L1 and L2, respectively.
2. Press S E 0
5.
will appear.
into each field.
• Equation items may not be
required.
• If a linear regression
calculation has been
executed using the data, and the function equation has been
stored in Y0 to Y9, input that equation number for the
equation items.
4. Press @ h.
the screen, where a, b
indicate regression coeffi-
cients, s indicates standard
deviation, r indicates the
correlation coefficient, and r2 indicates the coefficient of
determination.
169
06 Tint1samp Finds the confidence interval for the population mean µ.

Example
Find the confidence interval for the statistical data of
{65.6, 62.8, 66.0, 64.5, 65.1, 65.3, 63.8, 64.2, 63.5, 64.4},
from a given population and the level of confidence is 0.99.
1. Enter the above statistical data into list L1.
2. Press S E 0 6.
3. Enter the C-level value of
0.99.
4. Set the List to L1 and press
E.
5. Press @ h.
the screen, where sx
indicates the sample
standard deviation.
• If you enter a value from 1
to 100 for the C-level, it will be changed to the % input mode.
• In the numerical value input mode, n is a positive integer.
07 Tint2samp Finds the confidence interval for the difference of two sample
means, µ1 and µ2.
Example
Use the following two sample data (used for example 04);
List 1 {2.37, 2.51, 2.43, 2.28, 2.46, 2.55, 2.49}
List 2 {2.63, 2.71, 2.56, 2.61, 2.55, 2.68, 2.42, 2.48, 2.51, 2.65},
with the level of confidence of 0.99.
170
1. Enter the above data in to lists L1 and L2.

2. Press S E 0
7.
will appear.

in each field.
4. Press @ h.
the screen, where the
numerical value within ()
indicates the confidence
interval for the differences
between µ1 and µ2 when the
level of confidence is 99%.
In the numerical value input
mode, “n1”, “n2” are positive integers.
08 Ztest1samp Tests the hypothesis of population mean µ.

Example
The average weight of a newly developed product is known to be
53.4 g and standard deviation (σ) is 4.5. Judge the validity when
the average weight of 20 units is 52.4 g (x).
Set the input method to value input mode
1. Press # S E 1 7 E.
2. Press S E 0
8.
will appear.
3. Set the alternate hypothesis

to µ ≠ µ0, µ < µ0 and µ > µ0
(two-tail test, one-tail test
settings). In this case,
choose µ ≠ µ0 (two-tail test).
171
• µ0 indicates the hypothesis mean, σ indicates the population

standard deviation, x indicates the sample mean and n
indicates the sample size. (“n” is a positive integer.)
4. Enter the appropriate value in each field.
5. Press @ h.
Answers will be displayed on
the screen, where z indi-
cates the test statistic and p
indicates the p value of the
test.
09 Ztest2samp Tests the equality of two sample means, µ1 and µ2.

Example
_ _
Test µ1 > µ2 where x1 = 77.3, σ1 = 3.4, n1 = 30, and x2 = 75.2, σ2 =
2.8, n2 = 20.
1. Press # S E 1 7 E.
2. Press S E 0 9.
into each field.
4. Press @ h.
the screen.
172
10 Ztest1prop Tests the success probability P0 of a population.

Example
A coin was tossed 100 times and landed head side up 42 times.
Normally, the probability of head facing up is 0.5. Test to see if the
coin is fair.
1. Press S E 1 0.
• prop is the hypothesis probability. The test will be conducted
using hypothesis prop ≠ P0.
• x is the number of successes observed and n is the number
of trials (where n is a positive integer.)
into each field.
3. Press @ h.
^: Success probability
p
obtained from the sample
data.
11 Ztest2prop Executes a comparative test for two success probabilities, (P1,

P2).
Example
Test the equality of P1 and P2 given the sample data n1 = 50, x1 =
16 and n2 = 20, x2 = 5, where the hypothesis is P1 < P2.
1. Press S E 1 1.
into each field.
173
3. Press @ h.
^
the screen, where P indi-
cates the calculated success
rate of the data combined
with sample data 1 and 2,
^ ^
and P1 and P2 show the success rates of sample data 1 and 2,
respectively. n1 and n2 are positive integers.
12 Zint1samp Finds the confidence interval of a population mean, µ.

Example
The average weight of a newly developed product is known to be
52.4 g and standard deviation (σ) is 4.5. Given the average
weight of 20 units is 53.4 g (x), find the confidence interval of the
data where the level of confidence (C-level) is 0.95.
1. Press # S E 1 7 E.
2. Press S E 1 2.
into each field.
4. Press @ h.
interval with the level of
confidence at 0.95, that is, the confidence interval of this
sample data with the confidence level of 95% is between
51.427… and 55.372….
C-level indicates the level of confidence and n is a positive
integer.
174
13 Zint2samp Finds the confidence bound of two sample means µ1 and µ2.
Example
Find the confidence interval of µ1 and µ2 of sample data with the
_ _
confidence level of 0.9, where x1 = 77.3, σ1 = 3.4, n1 = 30 and x2 =
_ _
75.2, σ2 = 2.8, n2 = 20 (x1 and x2 indicate sample means of two
data.)
1. Press # S E 1 7 E.
2. Press S E 1 3.
Parameter input screen will appear.
into each field.
4. Press @ h.
numeric value within ()
interval of µ1 and µ2 at a confidence level of 90%.
* n1 and n2 are positive integers.
14 Zint1prop Finds the confidence interval of the success probability of a

population from the success probability obtained from sample
data collected from a population.
Example
A coin was tossed 100 times and landed head side up 42 times.
Normally, the probability of head facing up is 0.5. Find the
confidence interval of the success probability at a confidence
level of 0.95.
1. Press S E 1 4.
175

into each field.
3. Press @ h.
interval of the success probability at a confidence level of
95%.
* n is a positive integer.
15 Zint2prop Finds the confidence interval of the difference (P1-P2) of the

success probability obtained from the two sets of sample data
collected from two different populations.
Example
Find the confidence interval of the success probability (P1, P2) at
a confidence level of 0.9 for the two sets of sample data n1 = 50,
x1 = 16 and n2 = 20, x2 = 5.
1. Press S E 1 5.
into each field.
3. Press @ h.
4. Answers will be displayed on
interval of the success probability P1-P2 at a confidence level
of 90%.
* n1 and n2 are positive integers.
176
7. Distribution functions
The calculator has distribution features to find statistical calculations.
To enter the distribution menu,
1. Press S F (F DISTRI).
The distribution menu will appear.
2. There are 15 options in the
distribution menu. Press
' to navigate between
pages, and press { or
} to scroll the window.
3. Press E to select the function.
4. Input the specified values.
5. Press E to solve.
01 pdfnorm( pdfnorm(value [, mean, standard deviation])

Finds the probability density of the specified value x for the
normal distribution N(µ, σ2). A list cannot be used.
* When mean (µ) and standard deviation (σ) are omitted, µ = 0
and σ = 1 are applied.
Example
Find the nominal distribution
probability density for x = 65
when the normal distribution of
the test score averages is 60
with a standard deviation of 6.
02 cdfnorm( cdfnorm(lower limit, upper limit [, mean, standard deviation])

Calculates the normal distribution probability of a specified range
x for the normal distribution N(µ, σ2). A list cannot be used.
Example
Calculate the probability of
range x = 54 to 66 in the above
sample.
177
03 InvNorm( InvNorm(probability [, mean, standard deviation])

Finds the value of x of a given normal distribution probability. A
list cannot be used.
Example
Find the value of x for the
probability of 0.8 in the above
sample.
04 pdfT( pdfT(value, degree of freedom)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the T
distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be used.
Limitations:
Degree of freedom ≤ 140
• Degrees of freedom is a positive real number.
If decimal values are used for the degrees of freedom, the
calculator uses the closest integer of the given degree of
freedom.
• An error may occur when an extremely large number is entered
for degree of freedom.
Example
Find the probability density of
the T distribution with 9 degrees
of freedom when x = 2.5.
178
05 cdfT( cdfT(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom)

Finds the T distribution probability within the specified range of x
for the T distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be
used.
Limitations:
• Degrees of freedom is a positive real number.
Example
Find the probability of range X =
0.5 to 3.2 for T distribution with
9 degrees of freedom.
06 pdfχ2( pdfχ2(value, degree of freedom)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the χ2
distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be used.
Limitations:
• Degree of freedom is a positive real number.
Example
Find the probability density of χ2
distribution with 15 degrees of
freedom when x = 6.5.
07 cdfχ2( cdfχ2(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom)

Finds the χ2 distribution probability of a specified range of x for
the χ2 distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be
used.
Example
Find the probability of range x =
3 to 15 for the χ2 distribution
with 10 degrees of freedom.
179
08 pdfF( pdfF(value, degree of freedom of numerator, degree of

freedom of denominator)
Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the F
distribution that possesses two independent degrees of freedom,
m and n. A list cannot be used.
Limitations: Degree of freedom ≤ 70
for degrees of freedom.
Example
Find the probability density for
the F distribution generated with
degrees of freedom 15 and 10
when x = 3.
09 cdfF( cdfF(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom of numerator,

degree of freedom of denominator)
Finds the F distribution probability of a specified range x for the F
distribution with two independent degrees of freedom, m and n. A
list cannot be used.
Limitations:
for degree of freedom.
Example
Find the probability of the range
x = 0 to 2.5 for the F distribution
generated with degrees of
freedom 15 and 10.
180
10 pdfbin( pdfbin(trial number, success probability [, success number]))

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the binomial
distribution. A list cannot be used except for success numbers.
When the success number is not specified, the calculation is
executed by entering values from 0 to the trial number and
displays the list.
Limitations:
Success probability is 0 ≤ p ≤ 1.
Example
Find the probability density for
15 trials with x = 7, for the
binomial distribution with
success probability of 30%.
11 cdfbin( cdfbin(trial number, success probability [, success number]))

Finds the probability of a specified range x for the binomial
distribution. A list cannot be used except for success numbers.
When the success number is not specified, the calculation is
executed by entering values from 0 to the trial number and
displays the list.
Example
Find the probability of range up
to x = 7 for the F distribution
generated with degrees of
freedom 15 and 10.
12 pdfpoi( pdfpoi(mean, value)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for a Poisson
distribution of mean µ.
Limitations: Mean of Poisson distribution ≤ 230
Example
Find the probability density of x
= 4, for the mean of a Poisson
distribution of 3.6.
181
13 cdfpoi( cdfpoi(mean, value)

Finds the probability of a specified range x for a Poisson distribu-
tion of mean mu.
Example
Find the probability within the
range up to x = 4.
14 pdfgeo( pdfgeo(success probability, value)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the geomet-
ric distribution.
Limitations:
Success probability is 0 ≤ p ≤ 1.
Example
Find the probability density of a
geometric distribution of
success at the 26th time with
success probability of 5.6%.
15 cdfgeo( cdfgeo(success probability, value)

Finds the probability of a specified range of x for the geometric
distribution.
Limitations:
Success probability is 0 ≤ p ≤ 1
Example
Find the probability for the
range up to x = 26 with success
probability of 5.6%.
182
Chapter 11
Financial Features
The financial calculation features include capabilities for compound interest calcula-
tions.
Press @ g.
The financial menu screen will appear.
• Specifies the TVM-SOLVER mode.
• Selects a financial calculation function
• Specifies payment due (to pay at the beginning or end of
period)
• Determines individual settings (in TVM-SOLVER mode)
1. Try it! 1
You plan to purchase a house for a price of
$300,000. The down payment is $100,000.
Calculate the monthly payments for a 30-
year loan at an annual interest rate of 5%
for the remaining $200,000.
Draw a cash 1. Draw the following cash flow diagram to simplify the problem.
flow diagram on ( +) Present Value (PV) = 300,000 – 100,000
paper = 200,000
I = 5% Future Value (FV) = 0
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 3 358 359 N = 12 × 30
PMT = ? = 360
• A horizontal line indicates a time flow (left to right) divided into

even sections — months in this case. Each section indicates a
compound period and the total number of sections indicates the
total number of periods for payment.
183
Chapter 11: Financial Features
• Vertical arrows along the horizontal line indicate the cash flow.
An UP arrow indicates inflow (+) and a DOWN arrow indicates
outflow (–).
• The calculator considers the cash inflow for each period is
constant. (Even payment.)
2. Determine the time each payment is due.
For deposits and loan payments, the time each payment is
due (paid at the beginning or the end of the period) makes for
a different cash flow diagram.
Payment due at the end of the period
( +) PV
I% FV
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 N–1 N
PMT
Payment due at the beginning of the period

(+) PV
I% FV
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 N–1 N
PMT
In this case payment is due at the end of the period.

3. Determine the inflow and outflow and place the present value
(PV = $200,000) on the diagram.
We can consider the present value (PV) as a loan and thus
inflow (revenue) from the customer’s point of view. So, place
the PV at the top left end of the diagram. We also can consider
the principal interest total (Future value) as outflow (payment).
Draw a vertical line with a DOWN arrow on the top of the
diagram.
4. Complete the diagram with interest (I%), number of payment
periods (N), future value (FV), and other required numbers.
184
Starting the Setting the payment due time

calculation 5. Press @ g.
6. Press C (C PERIOD).
7. Press 1 (1 PmtEnd)
and press E.
Payment due time is now set
to the end of the period.
Enter the value 8. Press @ g.

using the 9. Press A E.
SOLVER
10. The following TVM-SOLVER screen will appear.
function
The payment due time is set to the end of the period.
The payment due time is set to

the end of period.
Payment due settings
Number of payment periods
Interest
Present value (principal sum)
Payment or received amount
Future value (principal interest total)
Number of payments per year
Cumulative interest per year
11. Input 360 for N (number of payment periods) and press E.

The cursor moves to “I%”.
12. Input 5 for I% (annual
interest) and press E.
13. Input 200000 for PV (present
value) and press E.
14. Press E.
Since the payment amount is to be calculated from the other
values, no value must be entered for PMT (payment or
received amount).
15. Press E again.
Since FV (future value) is “0” at the end, no value must be
entered for FV.
16. Press 12 for P/Y (number of payments per year) and press
E.
185
17. Press E.
Usually C/Y (cumulative
interest per year) is the
same value as P/Y. If not,
enter the value instead.
18. Press { 3 times to move the cursor to PMT (payment
amount).
19. Press @ h.
The result will appear as follows.
20. Payment amount per month
PM = -1073.643246
(Negative value indicates
payment.)
The numerical value input
format and display format in
the FINANCE mode comply to that of SETUP.
The above answer is given when the FSE setting in SET UP
menu is set to FloatPT. If you wish to display 2 digit decimal
point format, set TAB to 2 and FSE to FIX.
Answer: You have to pay $1,073.64 per month for 30 years.
Simple interest and compound interest

There are two ways to calculate interest: simple and compound. In the FINANCE
mode, the calculator can execute compound interest calculations.
Example of depositing $10,000 in a bank for 3 years at an annual interest rate of 3%
Period Simple interest Compound interest

First year Receive $10,000 x 0.03 = Receive $10,000 x 0.03 =
$300 $300
Second year Receive $300 (constantly) Receive $10,300 x 0.03 =
$309
Third year Receive $300 (constantly) Receive $10,609 x 0.03 =
$318.27
With compound interest, the amount in the bank is increased by receiving interest on
the interest gained during each calculated period.
186
Try it! 2
If the monthly payments in the first example is limit to a fixed $800, how much
must be the present value (PV) and the required amount of down payment.
( +) PV = 300,000 – down payment
I = 5% FV = 0
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 3 358 359 N = 360
PMT = 800
Set the TAB and 1. Press @ ; C 2 D 2

FSE (2 and FIX TAB is set to 2 and FSE is set to FIX.
respectively) 2. Press C @ g
A and E.
The previous TVM-SOLVER
screen will appear with the
cursor flashing on N.
3. Press } three times to move the cursor to PMT.
4. Press _ 800 and E.
Be sure to enter the minus
sign to indicate payment.
5. Move the cursor to PV.
6. Press @ h.
7. PV will change to 149025.29
• This indicates that the total
amount over 30 years will
be $149,025.29 if the
maximum monthly pay-
ment is limited to $800.
187
• So, the required amount of down payment is

$300,000 – $149,025.29 = $150,974.71.
Using the TVM-SOLVER screen, you can obtain various results
by inputting the known variables and then moving the cursor to
the unknown variable and pressing @ h. The value
where the cursor pointer is placed will be calculated from the
known variables.
Example
Compare the principal interest total when accumulating an
interest of 2.18% monthly on $100 for 5 years with payment due
at the beginning of the period and at the end of the period.
1. Payment due at the beginning of the period
1. Press @ g C 2 and press E.
2. Press @ g A E.
Payment due is now set to
the beginning of the period.
3. Enter the values.
4. Move the cursor to FV and
press @ h.
2. Payment due at the end of the period.
1. Press @ g C 1 and press E.
2. Press @ g A E.
Payment due is now set to
the beginning of the period.
3. Enter the values.
4. Move the cursor to FV and
press @ h.
188
2. CALC functions
Press @ g B to access the CALC functions.
The CALC functions 01 to 05 calculate any of the following
variables from the other variables. (The same calculations are
possible as the SOLVER functions.)
N: Number of payment periods
I%: Interest
PV: Present value (principal sum)
PMT: Payment or received amount
FV: Future value (principal interest total)
P/Y: Number of payments per year
C/Y: Cumulative interest per year
• The contents calculated on the calculation screen do not affect

the variable values in the TVM-SOLVER.
01 slv_pmt solv_pmt [(N, I%, PV, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]
Calculates monthly payment (PMT)
02 slv_I% slv_I% [(N, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]
Calculates annual interest
03 slv_PV slv_PV [(N, I%, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]
Calculates present value (PV)
04 slv_N slv_N [(I%, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]
Calculates the number of payment periods (N)
05 slv_FV slv_FV [(N, I%, PV, PMT, P/Y, C/Y)]
Calculates future value (FV)
189
06 Npv ( Npv (Interest rate, initial investment, list of following col-

lected investment [, frequency list])
Calculates the net present value and evaluates the validity of the
investment. You can enter unequal cash flows in the list of
following collected investment.
Example
The initial investment is $25,000 $11K
$9K
planning to achieve the profits $7K
$8K
$5K
each year as shown on the
right, Evaluate whether annual 1 2 3 4 5
$25,000 Year
revenue of 18% is achieved.
* You can execute the calcula-
tion by using a list or a
frequency list calculation.
The result indicates that annual revenue of 18% cannot be

secured.
07 Irr ( Irr (initial investment, list of following collected investment [,

frequency list] [, assumed revenue rate])
Calculates the investment revenue rate where the net present
value is 0.
Example
If the investment for the sales
plan in the previous example is
$28,000, how much is the
investment revenue rate?
• 12.42 is obtained as the
answer, thus, the investment revenue rate for the above
condition is 12.42%.
* In the previous example, revenues following the investment
value (input using minus sign) were assumed to be positive.
However, when the assumed revenue is set to minus (in other
words, more than two inverse symbols), the assumed revenue
rate must be entered at the end. Otherwise an error may occur.
190
The following CALC functions, 08 Bal, 09 ΣPrn and

10 ΣInt require the values of I%, PV and PMT
variables. Enter the values beforehand in the TVM-
SOLVER function.
Example using the 08 and 10
calculations
You plan to purchase a house for the price of $300,000. The down
payment is $100,000. Calculate the monthly payments for a 30-
year loan at an annual interest rate of 5% for the remaining
$200,000.
08 Bal ( Bal (number of payments [, decimal place to round])

Calculates loan balance.
Calculate the loan balance after
15 years (180 months).
09 ΣPrn ( ΣPrn (initial number of payments, end number of payments [,

decimal place to round]).
Calculates the principal amount of the total payments.
Compare the principal amount
of the total payments after 5 (1
to 60 months) and 10 years (61
to 120 months).
10 ΣInt ( ΣInt (Initial number of payments, end number of payments [,

decimal place to round])
Calculates the sum of the interest on the payments.
Compare the sum of the
interest on the payment sum
after 5 years and 10 years.
191
Conversion functions
11 →Apr ( →Apr (effective interest rate, number of settlements)

Converts effective interest rate to nominal interest rate
Example
If the effective interest rate is
12.55%, how much is the
nominal interest rate for the
quarterly compound interest? If
the monthly compound interest
rate is 10.5%, how much is the
nominal interest rate?
12 →Eff ( →Eff (nominal interest rate, number of settlements)

Converts nominal interest rate to effective interest rate
Example
If the annual (nominal) interest
rate is 8%, how much is the
effective interest rate for
monthly compound interest?
How much is it over half a year?
13 days ( days (start month.day year, end month.day year)

days (day month.year, day month.year)
Calculates the number of days between dates entered (within the
range of 1950 to 2049)
Year, month, and day must be
entered in 2-digit form. For
example, enter 02 for 2002.
Calculate the number of days
from September 1, 1997 to
December 31, 2004.
192
3. VARS Menu
The VARS menu consist of a list of the variables used for the TVM-SOLVER functions.
• The VARS menu can be used to enter values in the sub-menu
within the Finance menu.
1. Press @ g D.
2. The VARS sub-menu will
appear.
3. Select the appropriate
variable to use.
The variables in the VARS sub-menu are the same as those of
the TVM-SOLVER feature.
How to recall 1. Press # @ g

the content of N D 1 E.
How to recall 2. Press @ g D

the content of 2 E.
I%
How to recall 3. Press @ g D 3 E.

the content of • Each variable of the TVM-SOLVER can be recalled and then
PV reentered.
How to reenter Reenter 400 for N instead of 360

the value 1. Press 400 R.
2. Press @ g D
1 E.
193
Chapter 12
The SOLVER Feature
The SOLVER feature is one of the calculator’s most powerful and distinctive features,
and helps you solve math problems with various analysis methods.
Using this feature, problems from linear equations to complex formulas can be solved
with ease.
To access the SOLVER feature, press @ '; to exit, press #.
Note: • The SOLVER feature is not available in the Basic mode.
• The SOLVER feature shares variables with other calculator
features. These variables can be called up or defined within the
SOLVER feature OR any other features. For example, solving/
defining a value of “A” within the SOLVER feature will also
change the global value of “A”.
1. Three Analysis Methods: Equation, Newton,

and Graphic
To switch your preferred analysis style:
1. Go into the SOLVER menu by pressing @ ' WITHIN
the SOLVER window. The SOLVER menu appears with four
menu items.
2. While A METHOD item is
selected on the left, select
your preferred method by
pressing 1, 2, or
3.
Equation The Equation method is useful when there is only one unknown
method variable. For example, if you know the values of B and C for an
expression “A + B = C”, use the Equation method.
Example
Determine the value of “C” in “A = 2B2 + 4C”, when A = 4, and
B = 5.
194
Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature
1. Enter SOLVER by pressing @ '. The word SOLVER

will flash on the screen, indicating that you are now in the
SOLVER feature mode.
2. Enter the equation “A = 2B2
+ 4C”.
Press A A A =
2ABy+4
A C.
3. Press E.
The screen above right appears, indicating that there are 3
variables to be assigned.
Note: If values were assigned to those variables prior to this operation,
then the previously set values will be shown here. For example,
“C = 57” may show up in this
window; this simply indicates
the value of “C” was previously
set to “57”.
4. Enter “4” for variable “A”, and
“5” for variable “B”.
Press 4 E 5 E.
5. When the two known values have been specified, make sure
that the cursor is at the value yet to be determined (in this
case, the value of “C”).
6. Press @ h to
execute the SOLVER. The
value of “C” will be obtained.
* After the solution has been
found, press C to return
to the variable input screen. You may change the numeric
values for the variables and select another unknown variable to
solve.
* To edit the equation, press C on the variable input screen.
The equation input screen allows you to correct or edit the
previously input equation.
195
Newton’s Newton’s method is a technique of finding approximate solutions

method to a math problem via calculus, when conventional algebraic
techniques just cannot work. If the Equation method fails, the
calculator will automatically switch to Newton’s method.
Example
Solve “X2 + 4X – 2 = 0”.
1. Enter SOLVER by pressing @ '. If you have items left
on the screen, clear the entries by pressing the C key
several times.
2. Enter “X2 + 4X – 2”. When
the expression is entered as
a non-equation format, then
“=0” is automatically as-
sumed at the end. When
done, press E.
3. The next screen indicates
the variable “X” and its
previously set value. This
value will be assumed as the
starting point of the calcula-
tion segments, and the
Newton SOLVER will find the closest approximation to the
starting point. Enter “0”, and press E.
4. Now, press @ h to
execute the SOLVER. Since
this cannot be solved using
the Equation method, the
calculator automatically
switches analysis to
Newton’s method.
5. The next window confirms
the starting point of the
analysis (set to “X = 0” from
step #3), and the size of
each step (default is set to
“0.001”). Press @ h.
196
6. The following window shows

the approximate value of X
(0.449489742), the right side
value of the equation
(assumed as “0”, at step #2),
the left side value (which the
entered expression results to this value when the value X is
entered), and the difference between the left and the right
side.
7. Since the L-R difference
above indicates a margin of
error, try entering smaller
steps. Press C to go
back to step #3. Enter the
value of X, then press @
h to execute the SOLVER again. When the next window
appears, try entering smaller step value (“0.00001”, for
example).
8. Press E to register the
step value change, then
@ h. Although the
value of X appears to be
unchanged, the margin of
error will have become small
enough (“0”, in this example), to be as close to zero as
possible.
Note: As you may well know, there may be more than one solution to
the equation. To obtain the value of the other solutions, set the
starting point of Newton’s method lower (“-10”, for example) or
execute the SOLVER again with the current solution as a starting
point.
197
Graphic method The Graphic method is another way of approximating solutions,

using graphical representations. This method is particularly useful
when finding more than one solution on a graph axis.
Example
Obtain values for “Y = X3 – 3X2 + 1”, when Y = 0.
1. Press @ ' to enter SOLVER. Clear screen entries by
pressing C several times.
2. Enter “Y = X3 – 3X2 + 1” into
the initial window, and press
E.
3. In the next window, set the Y
value as “0”, and press
E. The right side value
of the equation is now set.
Note: Unlike in the Newton’s method,
the X value will not be assumed
as the starting point for the
Graphic method.
4. Before proceeding further,
you will need to set the
SOLVER to the Graphic
method. Press @ '
to call up the SOLVER
menu, and press A (for
“A METHOD”), then 3 (for “3 Graphic”). The Graphic
method is now set.
5. Press @ h to proceed.
6. Next in the following window,
specify the range of analysis
that will incorporate all
possible solution. In this
example, we will set the
beginning point at “-1”, and
the end point at “3”. Press E at each variable entry.
198
Note: The analysis will be limited to the range specified; a solution

outside of the analysis range will not be detected. If no crossing
point is found in the range, then a message “No solution found”
will show at the bottom of the screen.
7. Pressing @ h at this point will engage the analysis,
as well as the graphical representation of the equation. Note
that while the cursor flashes at the upper right corners of the
screen, the calculator is busy processing tasks.
8. When the processing is
complete, you will get the
first value of X (the small-
est), with a flashing star on
the graph at the crossing
point.
To obtain the next X value,
press @ k.
Note: To enlarge a part of graph after
the solution has been found,
you may use the ZOOM Box
function. Press Z and use the cursor for defining the box
area.
199
2. Saving/Renaming Equations for Later Use

The expressions you have entered in the SOLVER can be named
and stored:
1. Go to the SOLVER menu by
pressing @ '.
2. Press C to select the C
SAVE menu, and press
E.
3. When the next screen
appears, ALPHA LOCK
mode is automatically set
and the cursor is changed to
“A”, indicating that alphabet
characters can be entered.
To enter numbers, press A.
The equation name should consist of 8 characters/numbers or
less.
4. When done, press E. The screen goes back to the
SOLVER function screen.
Saved SOLVER expressions can also be renamed:

1. Go to the SOLVER menu, and press D to select the D
RENAME sub-menu.
2. A list of saved equation
names appears in the sub-
menu. Select the equation
name you wish to change.
For example, press 0
1 to select the first item
of the list.
3. When renaming is complete, press E to save the change.
The screen goes back to the SOLVER function screen.
200
3. Recalling a Previously Saved Equation

To recall a stored SOLVER equation:
1. Go to the SOLVER menu,
and press B to select
the B EQTN sub-menu.
2. A list of saved equation
names appears in the sub-
menu. Select the equation you wish to call back.
3. Press E. The stored equation is called back.
Note: Any changes unsaved prior to recalling will be lost. Also be aware
that any changes to the recalled equation will not be retained
unless saved manually.
201
Chapter 13
Programming Features
The calculator has programming features that enable automatic processing of a series
of calculations any number of times.
* The Programming features are only supported by the Advanced mode. In the Basic
mode, only the execution of programs is available.
Almost all the calculation and graphing language can be used in programs as well as
the usual control flow statements such as If, For, While and Goto (with Label).
Please note that complex numbers cannot be used in programming.
1. Try it!
Display a message “HELLO WORLD” on the
display.
Creating a new 1. Press P.

program The program menu screen will appear.
A EXEC Executes the

selected program
B EDIT Opens a stored
program file.
C NEW Creates a new
program file
* In the Basic mode, only the A EXEC menu item will appear.
202
Chapter 13: Programming Features
2. Press C E.
A new program window will
open.
3. Input the program name
(HELLO) on the top line of
the screen.
Up to 8 characters can be used for the title.
4. Press E.
5. The cursor will move to the program input field just under the
title.
Starting 6. Press P.
programming The program menu will open.
The commands and other
statements are preinstalled
in the calculator.
Do not directly type in commands using the Alphabetical
mode, select each command from the program menu.
Note: Press @ j, and you can access all the available com-
mands at once.
Entering a 7. Select A 1.
command 8. Press P.
9. Select A 2.
The characters following a
double quotation mark can
be manipulated as text. No double quotation mark is required
to close the text.
Entering the 10. Press @ . to enter

alphabetical the alphabetic lock mode.
input lock mode 11. Type HELLO WORLD.
Up to 160 alphanumeric
characters can be input per
line. (Strings of up to 158 characters maximum can be entered
per line excluding commands, because each command is
regarded as a single character.
203
When a line exceeds the width of the screen, the display will
shift to the left.
Store the 12. Press E.

program line by The cursor will move to the next line and the data input will be
line stored.
Store the program line by line by pressing E, { or
}.
13. Press @ q to exit the program edit screen.
Execute the 14. Press P A.

program A list of stored programs will
appear.
15. Press 0 1 to
execute the program 01
“HELLO”.
2. Programming Hints
Editing the Press P B and then the appropriate numbers to open
program the stored program.
Adding com- Press @ i to enter the insert type mode.

mands, strings Press E to go to the next line. Be sure to press @ i
or command again to turn off the insert type mode and return to type over
lines to the mode.
program Press E twice to insert a blank line.
Entering Press A to enter characters. Press @ . to use a

alphabetical ALPHA-LOCK mode to input a series of alphabetical characters.
characters
(uppercase
only)
Inputting In general, only a single command can be input per line.

commands
204
Storing a After pressing E, } or {, the line will be stored in

program line by memory. Otherwise, it is not stored. Be sure to store the all lines
line by pressing E ({ or }) before quitting editing
(pressing @ q).
Blank line Blank lines are ignored during execution. You can include blank
lines to gain better readability.
Deleting a line Move the cursor to the line you wish to delete and press C.
Deleting Move the cursor to on or after the letter you wish to delete and
command or press D or B, respectively.
strings
Deleting an Press @ p and use C DEL. (See Chapter 14 OPTION

entire program Menu, page 224).
Copying a line Press P H in the program edit mode. (See page 216 for
to another details)
location
Changing the Press { to move the cursor to the program name field. Enter
program name the new name and press E or }.
Re-executing Pressing E again after execution of the program completes.

the program
Break the Press O or @ q to break the execution process.

execution
process
205
3. Variables
• Single letters (uppercase letter from A to Z and θ) can be used as variables.
• Defined once in one program, a variable is set as a global variable across all other
stored programs unless redefined.
Hence results calculated in one program can be used by another.
• Only value (numbers) can be set as variables.
• Strings cannot be set as variables.
Setting a variable
Use R to input a specific value or the value of formula into
the variable. Do not use = (comparison operands) to set the
values into variable.
5→X The variable X is set to the value 5.

MX + B → Y The variable Y is set to the value of formula MX + B.
4. Operands
• Almost all the calculation operands can be used in a program.
• Input an operand directly from the keys (+, –, ×, ÷, sin, cos, log and others) or using
MATH, STAT, LIST, MATRIX and other menus.
Comparison operands
• The calculator has 6 compari-
son operands.
• Press M F and select
an appropriate comparison
operand.
= Equal ≠ Not equal
> Greater than ≥ Greater than or equal
< Less than ≤ Less than or equal
206
5. Programming commands
• Print, Input, Wait, Rem, End and other commands can be used in a program.
Screen settings, data input/output, graph settings and others can be controlled from
a program.
• Press P in the program edit mode to input the command.
A PRGM menu P A
1 Print Print variable
Print “character strings [“]
Displays the value of the variable on the screen.
The display format may vary according to the SET UP menu
settings.
Character strings displayed by the print command will break at
the edge of the screen.
2“ command “ strings
Characters enclosed by double-quote marks are considered to be
strings.
The closing double-quote can be omitted when it would appear at
the end of a line.
3 Input Input [“prompt strings”,] variable

Enables the user to input a
value (list, etc.) for the specified
variable during execution. A
message “variable = ?” or
“prompt strings?” will appear on
the screen while the calculator
waits for data input.
Prompt strings include alpha-
betical words, numbers, and
other character strings that can
be entered by keys and menus.
207
4 Wait Wait [natural number (1 to 255)]

Interrupts execution for the
(natural number) of seconds. If
no value is specified, interrup-
tion continues until any key is
pressed.
• A symbol will flash at the
upper right corner of the screen during the wait.
• This command can be used for displaying intermediate results
or other information.
5 Rem Rem comments

Comments start with Rem and extend to the end of the line.
These lines are ignored at execution.
Comments should be entered as notes for future reference,
though it should be noted that they do occupy some memory
space.
6 End End
Indicates the end of a program.
End is not necessary at the last line of the program.
7 Key Key variable

If a numeric key or one of the cursor keys is pressed, the variable
is set to the corresponding numeric value as specified in the
following table.
Keys and Corresponding Numbers

○
keys Numbers keys Numbers keys Numbers

○
0 0 5 5 ' 10
○
○
○
1 1 6 6 ; 11
○
○
○
2 2 7 7 { 12
○
○
○
3 3 8 8 } 13
○
4 4 9 9
○
○
○
208
B BRNCH menu P B
See 6. Flow control tools on page 214.
C SCRN menu P C
C SCRN menu commands are used to display or clear the
screen.
1 ClrT ClrT
Clears the program text screen without affecting the plotted
graph.
2 ClrG ClrG
Clears the graph screen without affecting the specified graph.
After the graph screen is cleared, the specified graph statement is
drawn.
3 DispT DispT
Displays the program text screen.
4 DispG DispG
Displays the graph screen.
D I/O menu P D
This menu is used to send or receive data from externally
connected devices.
1 Get Get variable

Receives data from externally connected devices.
2 Send Send variable

Sends data to externally connected devices.
209
E SETUP menu P E
SETUP menu commands are used to set the various settings
used in graphing and calculations.
01 Rect Rect
Sets the graph coordinates as X and Y coordinates.
02 Param Param
Sets the graph coordinates as parametric coordinates.
03 Polar Polar
Sets the graph coordinates as polar coordinates.
04 Web Web
Sets the graph coordinates as axes in sequence graphs.
u(n – 1) is set to the X axis and u(n) is set to the Y axis.
05 Time Time
Sets the graph coordinates as axes in sequence graphs.
n is set to the X axis and u(n), v(n) and w(n) is set to the Y axis.
06 uv uv
Sets the graph coordinates as the axes of sequence graphs.
u(n) is set to the X axis and v(n) is set to the Y axis.
07 uw uw
u(n) is set to the X axis and w(n) is set to the Y axis.
08 vw vw
v(n) is set to the X axis and w(n) is set to the Y axis.
09 Deg Deg
10 Rad Rad
11 Grad Grad
Sets the angle mode to degree, radian and gradient, respectively.
210
12 FloatPt FloatPt
13 Fix Fix
14 Sci Sci
15 Eng Eng
16 Tab Tab integer (0 to 9)

Sets the number display mode to floating point, fixed decimal,
scientific and engineering, respectively.
17 Decimal Decimal
18 Mixed Mixed
19 Improp Improp
20 x±yi x±yi
21 r ∠ θ r∠θ
Sets the answering mode to the one specified.
F FORMAT menu P F
F FORMAT menu commands are used to set the graph format.
01 RectCursor RectCursor
Sets the graph coordinate display format to X - Y axes.
02 PolarCursor PolarCursor
Sets the graph coordinates display format to polar coordinates.
03 ExprON ExprON
Sets the graph equation to be displayed on the graph screen.
04 ExprOFF ExprOFF
Sets the graph equation to not be displayed on the graph screen.
05 Y’ ON Y’ON
Sets the derived function (Y’) to be displayed on the graph
screen.
06 Y’ OFF Y’OFF
Sets the derived function (Y’) to not be displayed on the graph
screen.
211
07 AxisON AxisON
Sets the specified axis to be displayed on the graph screen.
08 AxisOFF AxisOFF
Sets the specified axis to not be displayed on the graph screen.
09 GridON GridON
Sets the grid lines to be displayed on the graph screen.
10 GridOFF GridOFF
Sets the grid lines to not be displayed on the graph screen.
11 Connect Connect
Draws a graph with connected lines.
12 Dot Dot
Draws a graph with dots.
13 Sequen Sequen
Draws the graphs in sequential order.
14 Simul Simul
Draws the graphs simultaneously.
212
G S_PLOT menu P G
S_PLOT menu commands are used for statistics plotting.
1 Plt 1( Sets the statistical graph settings for plot 1.
The above menu commands have the same usage as the

following:
Plt1(graph type, X list name [, Y list name, frequency list])

* Press [ to specify a graph type.
4 PlotON PlotON [number]

Sets drawing of the specified statistical graph to on.
If no number is specified, this command turns on all of the
statistical graphs.
5 PlotOFF PlotOFF [number]

Sets drawing of the specified statistical graph to off.
If no number is specified, this command turns off all of the
statistical graphs.
6 LimON LimON
This commands turns on the limit lines for upper, lower, and mean
values.
7 LimOFF LimOFF
This commands turns off the limit lines for upper, lower, and
mean values.
213
6. Flow control tools

The calculator has the common flow control tools such as Goto - Label loop struc-
tures, and If-, For- and While-statement clauses for enhancing a program’s efficiency.
It also has the capability for subroutines.
It is recommended to use If, For or While statements rather than Goto-Label loop
structures.
To access the flow control tools, use the P B BRNCH menu.
01 Label Label label name

Specifies a branch destination for Goto or Gosub.
The same Label name cannot be used in two places within the
same program.
Up to 10 characters can be used for a Label name.
Up to 50 Labels can be used in a single program.
02 Goto Goto label name

To shift the program execution to a label.
03 If If conditional statements Goto label name

or
If conditional statements
Then
commands or multiple statements *
[Else
commands or multiple statements]
EndIf
* Multiple statements mean a group of statement lines separated
by colons(:) that are evaluated as a single line.
Within a second structure it is possible to use the following menu
items.
04 Then
05 Else
06 EndIf
* Use a comparison operand in a condition statement.
* Up to 115 If clauses can be nested, though if combined with
other types of loops, the maximum nested loop number may
vary due to the memory capacity.
214
07 For For variable, initial value, end value [, increment]

08 Next commands or multiple statements
Next
• The increment value can be omitted. The default value is 1.
• For and Next statements must be placed at the beginning of the
line.
• If the comparisons variable > end value (positive) or variable <
end value (negative) are satisfied, the program will end the loop
and go to the line indicated by the Next command.
• Up to 5 For loops can be nested, though if combined with other
types of loops, the maximum nested loop number may vary due
to the memory capacity.
• It is highly recommended that Label and Goto statements are
not used in For loop structures.
09 While While conditional statements

10 WEnd commands or multiple statements
WEnd
• While and WEnd statements must be placed at the beginning of
the line.
• Multiple While loops can be nested to within the memory
capacity.
• Conditional statements are evaluated before entering the While
clause.
• It is highly recommended that Label and Goto statements are
not used in While loop structures.
* Up to 8 while loops can be nested, though if combined with
other types of loops, the maximum nested loop number may
vary due to the memory capacity.
215
11 Gosub Gosub label name

12 Return .....................
End
[Rem start of the subroutine (label name)]

Label label name
Statements
Return
Subroutine structures can be used for programming.
• The Gosub label name must be the same as the Label starting
the subroutine.
• A Return statement is necessary at the end of the subroutine.
When the Return statement is executed, the calculator executes
the next line after the Gosub statement.
• Up to 10 subroutines can be nested.
7. Other menus convenient for programming

H COPY menu P H
You can copy and paste line by line using the COPY menu
commands.
1. Move the cursor to the line that you wish to copy.
2. Press P H.
3. Select 1 StoLine and press
E.
The selected line will be
stored in the memory.
4. Move the cursor to the line where you wish to paste the stored
line.
216
5. Press P H, select 2
RclLine and press E.
The stored line will be
inserted at the targeted
position.
• Please note that only a single line can be stored in the
memory.
VARS menu
• Functions that control the
graph screen can be selected
from the VARS menu.
• Press @ z to display
the VARS menu (shown to the
right).
* There are differences in functions between the Advanced mode
and the Basic mode. The following menus and their descriptions
are based on the Advanced mode.
A EQVARS Specifies the graph equation (Y1 to Y9, and Y0, X1T•Y1T to
X6T•Y6T, R1 to R6).
B WINDOW Specifies the functions that set the graph display screen size
(Xmin, Ymax, Tstep, etc.).
C STOWIN Specifies the stored zoom (window) setting value (Zm_Xmin,

Zm_Ymax, etc.).
D L_DATA Specifies list data (L_Data1 to L_Data9, and L_Data0).
E G_DATA Specifies the graph data (G_Data1 to G_Data9, and G_Data0).
F PICTUR Specifies picture data (Pict1 to Pict9, and Pict0).
G TABLE Specifies table setting values (Table Start, Table Step, Table List).
_ _
H STAT Specifies statistics, functions ( x , Σx, y … ), regression expres-
sions, points and statistical verification functions.
217
• The commands and functions in the VARS menu can be

displayed on the screen. Current setting data can also be reset.
• The results of arithmetic functions can also be displayed.
• The ZOOM command is selected directly from the ZOOM menu.
Names of some ZOOM commands change when inserted into
programs. These are [A ZOOM], [C POWER], [D EXP], [E
TRIG], and [F HYP] of the ZOOM menu.
“Zm_” is automatically added to each of these functions when
inserted into programs.
Example
Zm_Auto, Zm_x2, Zm_sin, etc.
• Always enter the argument for functions requiring an argument
at the end of the command, such as the CALC function (@
k). An error will be returned for commands not accompa-
nied by an argument.
Example
Value 5
Example
Set Xmin = -3, Xmax = 10, Xscl = 1, Ymin = -5, Ymax = 5, Yscl =
1 in the WINDOW screen.
Use R to input the settings.
Expression Operational sequence

-3 ⇒ Xmin _3R@zBEA1E
10 ⇒ Xmax 10 R @ z E 2 E
1 ⇒ Xscl 1R@zE3E
-5 ⇒ Ymin _5R@zE4E
5 ⇒ Ymax 5R@zE5E
1 ⇒ Yscl 1R@z E6E
* Operation to input a function equation (for example, x2 + 2) to

the graphic equation “Y1” is also made using R in the same
manner as described above.
“X2 + 2” ⇒ Y1: P A 2 X y + 2 P
A2R@zAEA1
Note: Function equations cannot be assigned in the graphic equations,

such as Y1, if the EDITOR mode under SET UP is set to Equa-
tion. Switch the EDITOR to One line mode prior to assigning such
218 graphic equations.
Example
The following data are included in list L1.
L1: 165, 182.5, 173.8, 166.5, 185.3
A one-variable calculation was executed based on this data.
After returning to the calculation screen, average values can be
viewed by using the following procedure.
• Press @ z H
E A 0 2 to
_
display “x ” on the screen.
• Press E to obtain the
average value of X as
determined in the previous calculation.
• In this way, the contents of an immediately preceding statistical
calculation can be stored as statistical values.
• These contents remain valid until the next statistical calculation
is executed, even if the power is turned off.
• The same is true even for regression calculations and verifica-
tion calculations.
8. Debugging
After programming, it is required to debug the program.
1. Press P A and select the program to debug.
If any bugs are present, error messages will appear.
The following example indicates that the same label name has
been used two or more times.
2. Press ; or ' to display the line where the error exists

and correct the mistake.
219
When an infinite Execution can be interrupted by pressing O.

loop occurs Use this command if the program enters an infinite loop. Press
; or ' to display the program source with the cursor on
the line where interrupted.
* Refer to Appendix “Error Codes and Error Messages” on page
235.
* It is highly recommended that goto-Label statements are not
used in If, While and For loop structures.
* Multiple statements cannot be used in a command line such as
Else, EndIf, Next, While and WEnd. It is recommended not to
use multiple statements.
9. Sample programs
MATFILL * Fill the matrix M × N with random numbers from 0 to 9.
Ask and set the Input “ROW:”, M

dimension of Input “COLUMN:”, N
mat A
{M, N} ⇒ dim(mat A)
Generate integer 1⇒I
from 0 to 9 using While I ≤ M
int and random
1⇒J
function and set it
to each element While J ≤ N
int (random x10) ⇒ mat A(I, J)
J+1⇒J
WEnd
I+1⇒I
WEnd
Print mat A for Print mat A
confirmation Wait
End
220
HIST
10 ⇒ dim(L1)
Gosub INSCORE
Gosub AVGSCORE
Plt1(Hist, L1)
Zm_Stat
Wait
End
Sequencially Label INSCORE

input the data in 1⇒I
list L1.
Input “ENTER SCORE”, A
A ⇒ L1(1)
2⇒I
For I, 2, 10
Input “ENTER NEXT”, A
A ⇒ L1(I)
Next
Return
Calculate the Label AVGSCORE

median of List Print “AVERAGE IS
L1.
Median(L1) ⇒ M
Print M
Wait 3
Return
221
Chapter 14
OPTION Menu
The calculator is equipped with OPTION menu for adjusting the display contrast,
checking memory usage, deleting stored data, transferring data, and resetting the
calculator’s memory.
Accessing the OPTION Menu

Press @ p.
The OPTION Menu will appear.
A: Adjusts the display contrast

B: Checks the memory usage
C: Deletes files
D: Link command to use with another calculator or PC.
E: Resets the calculator
1. Adjusting the screen contrast

1. Press @ p.
The screen contrast setting window will appear.
2. Press + to darken or - to lighten the screen.
2. Checking the memory usage

The memory usage window enables you to check how much memory you have used.
If the memory is nearly full, delete files or reset the calculator to operate safely.
1. Press @ p.
2. Press B.
The memory check window
will appear. The remaining
number of bytes of user
memory will be shown on the display.
The user memory is used to store data for graph equations,
graph screens, matrices, lists and so on.
222
Chapter 14: OPTION Menu
3. If you want check the details,

press E.
The detailed memory usage
window will appear.
The total remaining memory
will appear on the bottom line of the screen.
4. Press } to scroll the
window.
List: The amount of memory (bytes) used by lists
Matrix: The amount of memory (bytes) used by matrices
Graph Eqn: The amount of memory (bytes) used by graph equations
Solver Eqn: The amount of memory (bytes) used by solver equations
Program: The amount of memory (bytes) used by program files
Picture: The amount of memory (bytes) used by graph pictures
G_Data: The amount of memory (bytes) used by stored graph data
L_Data: The amount of memory (bytes) used by stored list data
Slide: The amount of memory (bytes) used by slide shows the user has
created
223
3. Deleting files
Press @ p C to enter the delete menu.
The sub-menu items are the same as those of the Memory Check menu (List, Matrix,
Graph Eqn, Solver Eqn, Program, Picture, G_Data, L_Data and Slide).
Deletions can be executed entry by entry.
To delete the 1. Press @ p C

matrix mat C 2.
The matrix deletion window
will appear with the cursor
pointer at the top (mat A).
2. Move the cursor pointer to mat C using { / }.
3. Press E.
mat C will disappear and the
mat C line will become
empty.
• Press @ q to cancel
the delete option.
• Above procedures and displays are only an example. Displayed
items may vary according to data input and use.
* Press @ p C 0 to delete the memories
previously entered.
4. Linking to another EL-9900 or PC

Using the optional CE-451L or CE-LK2, the EL-9900 can be linked to another EL-
9900 or PC, respectively.
To transfer data, press @ p D to open the Link option window. Press
1 to send data and press 2 to receive data.
Transmission 1. Connect the calcula-

between EL- tors securely using
9900’s the optional CE-451L
communication cable.
• Make sure the commu-
nication cable is firmly inserted into the ports of both calculators.
* Use the CE-451L only for linking two EL-9900’s.
The EL-9900 can only be linked to another EL-9900.
224
2. Press @ p D on both calculators.

3. Press 2 on the receiv-
ing machine.
The receive mode screen
will appear on the display.
4. Press 1 on the sending
machine.
5. The send menu will appear on the display. Specify the data to
send from the following categories.
A SELECT Displays the menu window to send the data specified as follows:
01 ALL Displays a list of all

the stored files
category by category.
02 List Displays a list of all

the stored list files.
03 Matirx Displays a list of all the stored matrix files.
04 Graph Eqn Displays a list of all the stored graph equations.
05 Solver Eqn Displays a list of all the stored solver equations.
06 Program Displays a list of all the stored program files.
07 G_Data Displays a list of all the stored graph data files.
08 L_Data Displays a list of all the stored list data files.
09 Picture Displays a list of all the stored picture files.
10 Slide Displays a list of all the user-made slide show data.
11 A - Z, θ Displays a list of variables A to Z and θ.
B BACKUP Send all the data stored in the calculator memory.
225
6. Select the item to send using { / } and pressing

E. A “✱” will be placed by the selected item.
7. Press @ E to send.
8. Transmission begins and a
busy message will appear on
the displays of the both
calculators.
• An data in the same memory locations in the receiver will be
automatically overwritten.
• Up to 10 files can be selected to send at once.
Example
If you wish to send the list L1, matrices mat A and mat B and
graph equation Y2 to the other calculator.
1. Prepare the receiving calculator by pressing @ p
D 2.
2. Press @ p D
1 on the sending
calculator.
The send menu will appear.
3. Press 0 1.
A list of all the data stored will be are displayed and the cursor
positioned on the top line.
• You can also select 02 List for “L1”, 03 Matrix for “mat A”
and “mat B”, and 04 Graph Eqn for “Y2”, for example, and
send the data category by category.
4. Move the cursor to L1 and
press E.
A “✱” mark will flash to the
left of “L1”, indicating that
the item has been selected
to be sent.
Press E again to deselect.
5. Select the other files you wish to send in the same manner.
6. Press @ E to start transmission.
226
Transmission • The optional kit CE-LK2 (cable and Windows software) is

between the EL- required for calculator to data communication with PC.
9900 and PC • Refer to the CE-LK2 operation manual for details.
• During communications between calculator and PC, no opera-
tion of the calculator is required. Just connect the cable and
press the power on key, and the entire operation can be
controlled from the PC.
5. Reset function
If a problem occurs after replacing batteries, or the calculator does not function
correctly, use the RESET option.
1. Press @ p E.
2. Press 1 to return the
calculator’s SETUP and
FORMAT settings to the
default value, or 2 to
delete all the stored data.
See “Resetting the Calculator” on page 29 for details.
227
Appendix
1. Replacing Batteries
The calculator uses two different kinds of batteries: manganese (AAA) for unit
operation, and lithium (CR2032) for memory backup.
Compatible battery types
Type (use) Model Quantity
Manganese battery AAA 4
(for unit operation)
Lithium battery CR2032 1
(for memory backup)
* To prevent loss of stored data, DO NOT remove both the unit operation and
memory backup batteries at the same time.
Precautions for • Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could
handling result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water
batteries and immediately consult a doctor.
• Should fluid from a leaking battery come into contact with your
skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water.
• If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage
to the unit from leaking batteries, remove them and store in a
safe place.
• Do not leave exhausted batteries inside the product.
• Do not fit partially used batteries, and be sure not to mix
different batteries types.
• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.
• Do not allow batteries to become completely exhausted; doing
so may cause the batteries to leak, and may damage the
calculator’s hardware.
• Do not throw batteries into a fire or water, as this may cause
them to explode.
228
Appendix
Procedures for When battery power becomes

replacing unit low, a message will show
operation indicating that a new set of
batteries batteries are needed.
1. Turn off the calculator’s
power (@ o).
2. Turn over the calculator.

Locate the battery compart-
ment cover, and open the
cover as illustrated.
3. Replace all four AAA

batteries as illustrated.
4. Replace the battery com-

partment cover.
5. Press O.
The following message will
appear.
If the message does not

appear, repeat the proce-
dures from step 2.
6. Press O.
Do not press C. This will clear all the data.
Replacing the Once every 5 years, the lithium battery will need to be replaced.
memory backup The lithium battery is used to maintain the memory of the
battery calculator.
Note: Do not remove the lithium battery while the unit operation
batteries are removed; otherwise all the calculator’s stored
memory will be lost.
229
Appendix
1. Perform procedures 1 and 2, as shown above. Do not remove

the unit operation batteries.
2. Remove the screw and the
lithium battery cover, as
shown.
3. Use a pen to lift the lithium

battery out of the battery
compartment.
4. Insert the new battery with
the PLUS (+) side facing up.
5. Replace the lithium battery
cover and fasten the screw.
6. Replace the battery compartment cover and press O.
The following message will appear.
7. Press O.
Do not press C. This

will clear all the data.
230
Appendix
2. Troubleshooting Guide
Refer to the list of possible symptoms, and solutions may be found here.
The calculator’s power won’t turn on!

• The operation batteries may not be installed, may be ex-
hausted, or may be inserted incorrectly. Check the operation
batteries in the battery compartment.
• Place the battery cover securely or the calculator will not turn
on.
The saved calculator configurations are not retained!

• Both the lithium battery and the operation batteries may need to
be replaced.
The power seems to be on, but the characters and numbers cannot be seen
clearly on the display!
• The screen contrast may need to be adjusted.
Press @ p, then press A to enter A CTRST; the
screen contrast can be adjusted by using the + or the
- key.
The calculator won’t take the minus (-) sign; calculation results in a syntax
error!
• To set a negative value, use the _ key instead of the -
key.
The calculation results are very different from what is usually expected!
• The angle unit and other configurations may be incorrectly set.
Check the configuration under the @ ;.
The graph cannot be seen!

• Check the zoom configuration. Try selecting the automatic zoom
tool, by pressing Z, then A 1.
• The graph line may be set differently; check the line configura-
tion under @ d menu.
• The calculator may not be set to display graphs. Check the “=”
sign in Y= screen.
231
Appendix
The screen images cannot be stored (SLIDE SHOW)

• The available memory may be too small to store the screen
image. Select “B MEMCHK” under @ p menu. Select
and delete unnecessary items under “C DEL”.
There appears to be no functions available for integral/differential calculations!

• Make sure that the Advanced mode is selected. The integral/
differential calculation tools can be found in the M menu.
• Access CATALOG menu by pressing @ j.
The calculator is not responding; the software appears to have crashed!

• Press O. If this does not work, then press @, then
O to tell the running application to quit.
If everything fails, then the calculator’s memory may need to be
reset. Resetting the calculator’s memory will clear all the stored
information, such as programs, lists, and variables.
To reset the unit’s memory, open and close the battery compart-
ment cover, and press O to open the verification window. To
prevent data loss, try O first. If it does not work, repeat the
reset operation and press C when prompted.
232
Appendix
3. Specifications
Model EL-9900
Product name Graphing Calculator
Display 132 x 64 dot matrix liquid crystal display

Number of digits: mantissa 10 digits, exponents 2 digits
(standard screen); 7 digit display (including negatives,
decimals) for table screen, split screen, etc.
Mantissa of 10 digits in the complex number mode
Display method: Numerical value, calculation equation input
(direct algebraic logic input / one-line input method), fraction,
and complex number display method specification.
Reversible keyboard Basic and Advanced

Note: Advanced mode specific functions are: financial function,
statistical test function and distribution function, solver
function, matrix function, and tools function, etc.
Calculation method D.A.L. (Direct Algebraic Logic)
Calculation features Manual calculation (arithmetic, parentheses calculation,

memory calculation, function calculation, integral calculation,
coordinate conversion), binary/octal/decimal/hexadecimal
calculation, Boolean operation, matrix calculation, complex
number calculation, complex function calculation, statistic
calculation, regression calculation, statistic authorization
calculation, financial calculation, etc.
Input method Manual key entry
Graphic features Rectangular/polar/parametric/sequence coordinate graph

Graph range specification, graph window mode automatic
specification, graph plotting, trace, calculation function, zoom,
picture input, paint, graph database register split-screen, etc.
Statistic features 1-/2-variable statistical data input/calculation, register, edit

and frequency input, regression calculation function, and
estimated statistic/authorization function, etc.
Solver features Equation solver: numerical syntax analysis, Newton’s method,

graph analysis, and solver equation register.
233
Appendix
List features Direct data entry/edit to list, calculation function for various
lists, and list/matrix conversion.
Substitution features Graph drawing, numerical input from split-screen
Slide Show features Screen image capture, play function
The maximum number of pages to be captured:

Approx. 250 pages (pages equivalent to the Y = X2 graph
screen)
Program features Condition statement command, subroutine, graph, various

function commands
Option menu Screen contrast adjustment, memory usage check, data

delete, data link (between EL-9900 and PC or another EL-
9900)
Memory size 64 KB (user area: approx. 47.4 KB)
Power supply — AAA manganese battery (R03) × 4

Operation: 6 V DC...
— Lithium battery (CR2032) × 1
Memory backup: 3 V DC...
Automatic power-off Approx. 10 minutes
Operating temperature range

0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F)
Power consumption 0.23 W
Battery life Operation battery set: approx. 150 hours (with 5 minutes of
continual use and 55 minutes in the display state for every
hour at a temperature of approx. 20 °C/68 °F)
Memory backup: approx. 5 years (at a temperature of approx.

20 °C/68 °F, and when the operation batteries are replaced
frequently)
Note: The life span may differ according to battery brand, type,
usage, and ambient temperature.
External dimensions 86 mm (W) × 183 mm (D) × 23 mm (H)

3-3/8” (W) × 7-7/32” (D) × 29/32” (H)
Weight 240 g ( 0.53 lb) (with batteries, without the hard cover)
Accessories 4 AAA manganese batteries (included), 1 lithium battery

(installed), operation manual
234
Appendix
4. Error Codes and Error Messages

Error
Error Message Description
Code
01 Syntax Syntax error found in equation/program
02 Calculate Calculation-related error found (division by 0, calculation
beyond range, etc.)
03 Nesting Cannot nest more than 14 numerical values, or 32
functions during execution.
04 Invalid Matrix definition error or entering an invalid value.
05 Dimension Matrix dimension, or STAT list dimension, inconsistent.
07 Invalid DIM Size of list/matrix exceeds calculation range.
08 Argument Inconsistency found in argument of the structured
function.
09 Data Type Invalid data type used in calculation.
10 No Sign Change Financial calculation error found.
11 No define Undefined list/matrix used in calculation.
12 Domain Argument definition outside of domain.
13 Increment Increment error found.
16 Irr Calc More than two inflection points for Irr calculation.
17 Stat Med Med-Med law (statistic) error found.
20 No Argument Argument missing.
21 Not pair ∫ dx ∫ and dx are not used in a pair.
22 Not pair [ ] Brackets are not used in a pair.
23 Not pair ( ) Parentheses are not used in a pair.
24 Not pair { } Braces are not used in a pair.
25 Line over Line is over the capacity.
26 Not delete Unable to delete a selected item.
27 Buffer over Input/equation exceeds buffer capability.
30 Editor type Invalid editor type found.*
31 Continue = “ = ” exists in equation that has been recalled (RCL).
32 No data Data does not exist.
33 Graph Type Graph type setting incorrect.
34 Too many var. Too many variables assigned in the SOLVER.
35 No variable No variable specified in the SOLVER.
36 No solution No solution found.
37 No title No title entered.
235
Appendix
Error
Error Message Description
Code
38 Too many obj More than 30 objects selected.
40 Lbl duplicate Labels with identical name found in program.
41 Lbl undefined Goto/Gosub encountered with no defined label.
42 Lbl over More than 50 labels found in program.
43 Gosub stack Nesting of more than 10 subroutines found.
44 Line too long Line contains more than 160 characters.
45 Can’t return Return used without jumping from subroutine.
46 Storage full Cannot create more than 99 files.
47 Coord type Invalid coordinate system for command.
48 Without For For is missing corresponding to the Next command.
49 Without WEnd WEnd is missing corresponding to the While command.
50 Without While While is missing corresponding to the WEnd command.
51 Without Then Then is missing corresponding to the If command.
52 Without EndIf EndIf is missing corresponding to the If command.
53 Without If If is missing corresponding to the EndIf command.
70 I/O device Communication error found among devices.
71 Wrong Mode Wrong communication mode set.
90 Memory over Memory is full; cannot store data as requested.
99 System error System error found; user memory space is insecure.
Low battery Operation interrupted due to low battery power.
BREAK!! Operation break specified.
* The following operations may cause Editor type error. Correct the Editor type to
continue.
• Recall the SOLVER equations (EQTN) or Graph data (G_DATA) stored in a
different EDITOR mode than currently in use.
• Receive the Graph equation (Y1 and others) entered in a different EDITOR mode
than currently in use.
236
Appendix
5. Error Conditions Relating to Specific Tasks
1. Financial
* Define constants “r” and “s” as used in the equation below.
C/Y
r= ( I (%)
100
÷ C/Y + 1 ) P/Y
–1, { SS == 10 (Pmt_Begin)
(Pmt_End) }
1. I% calculation
1 If PMT = 0
- 1n
(
r = - PV
FV ) –1
2 If PMT ≠ 0
-n
f (r) = PV + (1 + r × s) × PMT × 1 – (1 + r) + FV (1 + r)-n: (r ≠ 0)
r
f (r) = PV + PMT × n + FV: (r = 0)
calculate the following for r solved in 1 and 2

P/Y
I (%) = 100 × C/Y × ((r + 1)C/Y –1)
2. PV calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
-n
PV = - (1 + r × s) × 1 – (1 + r) × PMT – FV × (1 + r)-n
r
2 If r = 0
PV = -n × PMT – FV
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
237
Appendix
3. FV calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
1 – (1 + r)-n
PV + (1 + r × s) × r × PMT
FV = – -n
(1 + r)
2 If r = 0
FV = -n × PMT – PV
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
4. PMT calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
PV + FV × (1 + r)-n
PMT = –
1 – (1 + r)-n
(1 + r × s) ×
r
2 If r = 0
PMT = – PV + FV
n
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
5. N calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
1
PV + × (1 + r × s) × PMT
log { 1
r
× (1 + r × s) × PMT – FV
}
r
N=–
log (1 + r)
2 If r = 0
N = – FV + PV
PMT
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
238
Appendix
2. Error conditions during financial calculations

• r ≤ -1
• N = 0 in PMT calculations
• I% = 0 and PMT = 0, or I% ≠ 0 and FV = (1/r) (1 + r × s) × PMT, in N calculations.
s = 1 (Pmt_Begin)
s = 0 (Pmt_End)
In I% calculations
If PMT > 0:
Pmt_End mode: PV ≥ 0 and FV + PMT ≥ 0
PV < 0 and FV + PMT < 0
Pmt_Begin mode: PV + PMT ≥ 0 and FV ≥ 0
PV + PMT < 0 and FV < 0
If PMT < 0:
Pmt_End mode: PV > 0 and FV + PMT > 0
PV ≤ 0 and FV + PMT ≤ 0
Pmt_Begin mode: PV + PMT > 0 and FV > 0
PV + PMT ≤ 0 and FV ≤ 0
If PMT = 0: PV ÷ FV ≥ 0
• FV, N × PMT, PV ≥ 0 or FV, N × PMT, PV ≤ 0

• Irr calculation: all cash flows have the same sign.
3. Distribution function
1 pdfnorm(
(x – µ) Calculation result→Xreg µ: Mean
2
1
f (x) = exp (– )
2π σ 2σ2
σ: Standard
deviation
2 pdfT(
- df + 1
Γ ( df + 1 ) (1 + x ) 2
2
∞
f (x) = 2 df However: Γ(s) = ∫ 0 xs–1 e-x dx

Γ ( df ) πdf
2 Calculation result→Xreg
239
Appendix
3 pdfχ2(
df
χ2 2 – 1 (- χ )
2
2 1
f (χ , df) = ( ) e 2 ∞
2Γ ( df )
2 However: Γ(s) = ∫ 0 xs–1 e-x dx
2
df: Degree of freedom
4 pdfF(
Γ (m + n) m m
–1 - m 2+ n
2
f (x) = ( m ) 2 x 2 (1 + mx )
m
Γ( ) Γ( )n n n
∞
2 2 However: Γ(s) = ∫ 0 xs–1 e-x dx
m: Degree of freedom of
numerator
n: Degree of freedom of
denominator
5 pdfbin(
P (x = 0) = (1 – p)n n: Trial number (integers
(n – c) p greater than 0)
P (x = c + 1) = P (x = c)
(c + 1)(1 – p)
p: Success probability
(c = 0, 1, ..., n – 1) (0 ≤ p ≤ 1)
c: Success number
6 pdfpoi(
-µ
f (x) = e µ
x
x!
(x = 0, 1, 2, ...)
7 pdfgeo(
x: First successful trial number
f (x) = p (1 – p)x - 1
240
Appendix
6. Calculation Range
1. Arithmetic calculation
The results for dividend, multiplicand and operand are:
-1 × 10100 < x ≤ -1 × 10-99, 1 × 10-99 < x ≤ 1 × 10100 or x = 0
(valid within the range of display capability)
Note: Calculation results and input values less than 1 × 10-99 are
considered equal to 0.
2. Function calculation
Calculation accuracy
In principle, calculation errors are ±1 of the last digit. (In case of exponential
display, the calculation errors are ±1 of the last digit of the mantissa display.)
However, a calculation error increases in continuous calculations due to
accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for ab, a b , n!, ex, In, etc.
where continuous calculations are performed internally.)
Additionally, a calculation error will accumulate and become larger in the
vicinity of inflection points and singular points of functions. (for example,
calculating sinh X or tanh X at X = 0)
Function Calculation range Notes

DEG : |x| < 1 × 1010
π
RAD : |x| < 180 × 1010
10
sin x GRAD : |x| < 9 × 1010
cos x However, the following are excluded for tan x
tan x DEG : |x| = 90 (2n – 1)
π
RAD : |x| = 2 (2n – 1) “n” is an integer
GRAD : |x| = 100 (2n – 1)
-1
sin x
-1 ≤ x ≤ 1
cos-1 x
tan-1 x |x| < 1 × 10100
sinh x
cosh x -230.2585093 ≤ x ≤ 230.2585092
tanh x
sinh-1 x |x| < 1 × 1050
cosh-1 x 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 × 1050
-1
tanh x |x| < 1
241
Appendix

ln x ln x = loge x
1 × 10-99 ≤ x < 1 × 10100
log x
ex -1 × 10100 < x ≤ 230.2585092 e .=. 2.71828...
10x -1 × 10100 < x < 100
x- 1 |x| < 1 × 10100 x≠0
x 2
|x| < 1 × 1050
x 0 ≤ x < 1 × 10100
n is an integer or
n! -0.5 ≤ n ≤ 69.5
integer + 0.5
When a > 0:
-1 × 10100 < b log a < 100
When a = 0:
ab (^) 0 < b < 1 × 10100 ab = 10b·log a
When a < 0:
1
b is an integer, or b is an odd number (b ≠ 0)
However, -1 × 10100 < b log |a| < 100
When b > 0:
1
-1 × 10100 < a log b < 100, a ≠ 0
When b = 0:
a
b 0 < a < 1 × 10100 1
log b
b = 10 a
a
When b < 0:
1
a is an odd number, or a is an integer (a ≠ 0)
1
However, -1 × 10100 < a log |b| < 100
nPr n and r are positive

0 ≤ r ≤ n ≤ 69
nCr integers
Decimal: |x| ≤ 9999999999
Binary: 1000000000000000 ≤ x
dec ≤ 1111111111111111
bin 0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111
x is an integer
oct Octal: 4000000000 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777
hex 0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777
Hexadecimal: FDABF41C01 ≤ x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF
0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE3FF
242
Appendix

→dms
|x| < 1 × 10100
→deg
|x| < 1 × 10100, |y| < 1 × 10100
xy → r r = x2 + y2
x2 + y < 1 × 10
2 100
y
xy → θ y θ = tan-1 x
| x | < 1 × 10100
x = r cosθ
y = r sinθ
rθ → x
|r| < 1 × 10100 The range of θ is
rθ → y
the same as x of
sin x and cos x
Binary: 1000000000000000 ≤ x
≤ 1111111111111111
0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111
not Octal: 4000000000 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777

0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777
Other Boolean
0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE3FE operations are the
Binary: 1000000000000001 ≤ x same as not and
≤ 1111111111111111 neg
0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111
neg Octal: 4000000001 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777

0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777
0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE3FF
|x| < 1 × 1050
|y| < 1 × 1050
|Σx| < 1 × 10100
Statistic Σx2 < 1 × 10100
calcula-
|Σy| < 1 × 10100
tions
Σy2 < 1 × 10100
|Σxy| < 1 × 10100
|n| < 1 × 10100
243
Appendix

_
x n≠0
n>1
|Σx| < 1 × 1050
sx (Σx)2
Σx2 – _
0≤ n < 1 × 10100 Same for y, sy and
n–1
σy
n>0
|Σx| < 1 × 1050
σx (Σx)2
Σx2 –
0≤ n < 1 × 10100
n
n>0
|Σx| < 1 × 1050
|Σy| < 1 × 1050
(Σx)2 (Σy)2
0 < (Σx2 – n
) (Σy2 – n ) <1 × 10100
r
ΣxΣy
|Σxy – n
| < 1 × 10100
< 1 × 10100
n>0
|Σx| < 1 × 1050
|(Σx) (Σy)| < 1 × 10100
Regression calcula-
(Σx)2
0 < |Σx2 – n
| < 1 × 10100 tions excluding 2nd,
b
ΣxΣy 3rd, and 4th degree
|Σxy – n
| < 1 × 10100
polynomials.
< 1 × 10100
_
|bx| < 1 × 10100 Same as above.
a _ _
|y – bx| < 1 × 10100 Same as b for other.
|bx| < 1 × 10100
y’
|a + bx| < 1 × 10100
|y – a| < 1 × 10100
x’ y–a
| b | < 1 × 10100
244
Appendix

int÷ 0 ≤ x < 10 10
remain 0 ≤ x < 1010

% |x| < 10100
→ a b/c |x| < 1010 A number with 10 or
less decimal places,
→ b/c or the 1010-th or
above decimal
places are 0.
Error is returned when the number of elements This is the same
when the result of a
List exceeds 1000.
list function speci-
fies 1000 or more
elements.
Error is returned when specifying columns or rows
Matrix that exceed 100.
3. Complex number calculation

In a complex number calculation, a calculation error may occur and increase due to
inner continuous calculations.
50
1 |x| < 10
x + yi x + yi ≠ 0
|y| < 1050
|x| < 1050
(x + yi)2 |y| < 1050
|xy| < 5 × 1099
In (x + yi) |x| < 1050
log (x + yi) |y| < 1050
y
x + yi | x | < 10100
|x| < 230

e(x + yi)
|y| < 230
|x| < 100
10(x + yi)
|y| < 100
|x| < 1050
|y| < 1050
(x + yi)(a + bi)
|a| < 10100
|b| < 10100
245
Appendix
7. CATALOG Feature
Press @ j to display the CATALOG menu.
You can directly access various features and commands from the CATALOG menu.
CATALOG menu lists are different between the Basic mode and the Advanced mode.
For example, in Program edit mode of the Advanced mode, you can access the
program commands from the CATALOG menu.
Please note that you can enter the eular number “e” only from the CATALOG menu.
The Basic mode features and commands accessible only from the CATALOG menu
are:
and, ANOVA(, cos–1, cosh, cosh–1, cot, cot–1, csc, csc–1, cumul, d/dx(, dx, e, ex,
fmax(, fmin(, Inflec, ln, log2, not, or, prod(, Rg_a+bx, Rg_aebx, Rg_axb, Rg_ln,
Rg_log, Rg_logistic, Rg_sin, Rg_x3, Rg_x4, sec, sec–1, sin–1, sinh, sinh–1, tan–1,
tanh, tanh–1, xnor, xor, [, ], :, =, , >, , <, , 2x, Σ(, ∫.
The Advanced mode features and commands accessible only from the CATALOG
menu are:
→a b/c, →A.xxx, →b/c, e, int÷, remain, rndCoin, rndDice, Simp, %.
The CATALOG commands and the equivalent keys:
CATAROG command Equivalent key

¬ b
^ a
2
y
-1
x
R
C M C nCr
P M C nPr
d
246
Appendix
8. List of Menu/Sub-menu Items

CATALOG function lets you access almost all the functions and commands.
Square brackets indicate that the value or variable is optional.
1. MATH menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
M CALC
log2 log2 value A01 70
2X 2 value A02 71
fmin( fmin(equation, lower limit of x, upper limit of x) A03 71
fmax( fmax(equation, lower limit of x, upper limit of x) A04 71
d/dx( d/dx(equation, value of x [, tolerance]) A05 71
∫ ∫ equation, lower limit, upper limit [, tolerance] dx A06 71
dx ∫ equation, lower limit, upper limit [, tolerance] dx A07 71
∑( ∑ (expression, initial value, end value [, increment]) A 0 8 72
sec sec value A09 72
csc csc value A10 72
cot cot value A11 72
sec–1 sec–1 value A12 72
csc–1 csc–1 value A13 72
cot–1 cot–1 value A14 72
sinh sinh value A15 72
cosh cosh value A16 72
tanh tanh value A17 72
sinh–1 sinh–1 value A18 73
cosh–1 cosh–1 value A19 73
tanh–1 tanh–1 value A20 73
sin sin value A1 42
cos cos value A2 42
tan tan value A3 43
log log value A4 43
10x 10 value A5 43
247
Appendix
Syntax Page
M NUM
abs( abs(value) B1 B1 73/43
round( round(value [, digit number of decimals]) B2 B2 73/44
ipart ipart value B3 B3 73/44
fpart fpart value B4 B4 73/44
int int value B5 B5 73/44
min( min(value A, value B) or min(list) B6 B6 73/45
max( max(value A, value B) or max(list) B7 B7 73/45
lcm( lcm(natural number, natural number) B8 B8 73/45
gcd( gcd(natural number, natural number) B9 B9 73/45
remain natural number remain natural number B0 46
M PROB
random random [(number of trial)] C1 C1 74/46
rndInt(minimum value, maximum value [, number of

rndInt( C2 C2 74/46
trial])
rndCoin rndCoin [(number of trial)] C3 47
rndDice rndDice [(number of trial)] C4 47
nPr value A nPr value B C3 C5 74/47
nCr value A nCr value B C4 C6 74/48
! value ! C5 C7 74/48
M CONV
→deg value →deg D1 D1 74/48
→dms value →dms D2 D2 74/49
xy→r( xy→r(x-coordinate, y-coordinate) D3 75
xy→θ( xy→θ(x-coordinate, y-coordinate) D4 75
rθ→x( rθ→x(r-coordinate, θ-coordinate) D5 75
rθ→y( rθ→y(r-coordinate, θ-coordinate) D6 75
M ANGLE
° value ° [value ’ value "] E1 E1 76/49
’ value ° value ’ [value "] E2 E2 76/49
value ° value ’ value "

" E3 E3 76/49
Print "character strings["]
r value r E4 E4 76/49
248
Appendix
Syntax Page
g value g E5 76
M INEQ
= value A = value B F1 76
≠ value A ≠ value B F2 76
> value A > value B F3 76
≥ value A ≥ value B F4 76
< value A < value B F5 76
≤ value A ≤ value B F6 76
M LOGIC
and value A and value B G1 77
or value A or value B G2 77
not not value G3 77
xor value A xor value B G4 78
xnor value A xnor value B G5 78
M COMPLEX
conj( conj(complex number) H1 78
real( real(complex number) H2 79
image( image(complex number) H3 79
abs( abs(complex number) H4 79
arg( arg(complex number) H5 79
M (in the N-base calculation mode) LOGIC

and value A and value B A1 77
or value A or value B A2 77
not not value A3 77
neg neg value A4 78
xor value A xor value B A5 78
xnor value A xnor value B A6 78
2. LIST menus
Syntax Page
@ l OPE/NAME
L1 No arguments A1 132
249
Appendix
Syntax Page
sortA(list name [, subordinate list name1, ... ,

sortA( A1 B1 135
subordinate list name n])
sortD(list name [, subordinate list name1, ... ,
sortD( A2 B2 135
subordinate list name n])
dim( dim(list) A3 B3 136
fill( fill(value, list) A4 B4 136
seq( seq(equation, start value, end value [, increment]) A5 B5 137
cumul cumul list A6 137
df_list df_list list A7 B6 137
augment( augment(list 1, list 2) A8 B7 138
list→mat( list→mat(list 1, ... , list n, matrix name) A9 138
mat→list(matrix name, list name1, ... , list name n)

mat→list( A0 138
@ l MATH
min(value A, value B) or
min( B1 C1 139
min(list)
max(value A, value B) or
max( B2 C2 139
max(list)
mean( mean(list [, frequency list]) B3 C3 139
median( median(list [, frequency list]) B4 C4 140
sum( sum(list [, start number, end number]) B5 C5 140
prod( prod(list [, start number, end number]) B6 140
stdDv( stdDv(list [, frequency list]) B7 C6 141
varian( varian(list [, frequency list]) B8 C7 141
@ l L_DATA
StoLD StoLD natural number C1 D1 142
RclLD RclLD natural number C2 D2 143
* “list” in the above table means a list or a list name.
250
Appendix
Syntax Page
@l{}
{ No arguments E1 132
} No arguments E2 132
3. STAT menus
Syntax Page
S EDIT/OPE
EDIT No arguments AE AE 149
sortA( sortA(list [, subordinate list 1, ... , subordinate list n]) B1 B1 159
sortD( sortD(list [, subordinate list 1, ... , subordinate list n]) B2 B2 159
SetList SetList [list name 1, list name 2, list name 3, ... ] B3 B3 159
ClrList ClrList list name1 [, list name 2, ... ] B4 B4 159
S CALC
1_Stats 1_Stats [x list name [, frequency list]] C1 C1 150
2_Stats 2_Stats [x list name, y list name [, frequency list]] C2 C2 150
ANOVA( ANOVA(list name 1, list name 2 [, ... ]) C3 152
S REG
Med_Med (list name for x, list name for y
Med_Med D01 D1 160
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_ax+b (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_ax+b D02 D2 160
Rg_a+bx (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_a+bx D03 160
Rg_x2 (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_x2 D04 D3 160
Rg_x3 D05 160
Rg_x4 D06 161
Rg_ln (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_ln D07 161
Rg_log (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_log D08 161
* “list” in the above table means a list or a list name.
251
Appendix
Syntax Page
Rg_abx (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_abx D09 D4 161
Rg_aebx (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_aebx D10 161
Rg_x-1 (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_x-1 D11 D5 162
Rg_axb (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_axb D12 162
Rg_logistic (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_logistic D13 162
Rg_sin ([iterations,] list name for x, list name for y
Rg_sin [, frequency list] [, period] [, equation name to D14 162
store])
x' value or list x' D15 D6 163
y' value or list y' D16 D7 163
S TEST
χ2 test No arguments E01 166
Ftest2samp No arguments E02 167
Ttest1samp No arguments E03 167
Ttest2samp No arguments E04 168
TtestLinreg No arguments E05 169
Tint1samp No arguments E06 170
Tint2samp No arguments E07 170
Ztest1samp No arguments E08 171
Ztest2samp No arguments E09 172
Ztest1prop No arguments E10 173
Ztest2prop No arguments E11 173
Zint1samp No arguments E12 174
Zint2samp No arguments E13 175
Zint1prop No arguments E14 175
Zint2prop No arguments E15 176
InputList No arguments E16 166
InputStats No arguments E17 166
S DISTRI
pdfnorm( pdfnorm(value [, mean, standard deviation]) F01 177
252
Appendix
Syntax Page
cdfnorm(lower limit, upper limit [,mean, standard
cdfnorm( F02 177
deviation])
InvNorm( InvNorm(probability [, mean, standard deviation]) F03 178
pdfT( pdfT(value, degree of freedom) F04 178
cdfT( cdfT(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom) F05 179
pdfχ2( pdfχ2(value, degree of freedom) F06 179
cdfχ2( cdfχ2(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom) F07 179
pdfF(value, degree of freedom of numerator,

pdfF( F08 180
degree of freedom of denominator)
cdfF(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom of
cdfF( F09 180
numerator, degree of freedom of denominator)
pdfbin(number of trial, success probability
pdfbin( F10 181
[, success numbers])
cdfbin(number of trial, success probability
cdfbin( F11 181
[, success numbers])
pdfpoi( pdfpoi(mean, value) F12 181
cdfpoi( cdfpoi(mean, value) F13 182
pdfgeo( pdfgeo(success probability, value) F14 182
cdfgeo( cdfgeo(success probability, value) F15 182
4. STAT PLOT menus

Syntax Page
[ PLOT1/PLOT2/PLOT3/LIMIT/ON/OFF
PLOT1 No arguments AE AE 157
PLOT2 No arguments BE BE 157
PLOT3 No arguments CE CE 157
SET No arguments D1 D1 157
LimON No arguments D2 D2 157
LimOFF No arguments D3 D3 157
PlotON PlotON [number] E1 E1 158
PlotOFF PlotOFF [number] E2 E2 158
[ (in STAT PLOT mode) HIST/B.L./N.P./N.D./BOX/PIE/S.D./XYLINE

Hist No arguments A1 A1 153
Broken • No arguments B1 B1 154
253
Appendix
Syntax Page
Broken + No arguments B2 B2 154
Broken No arguments B3 B3 154
Norm •_X No arguments C1 C1 154
Norm+_X No arguments C2 C2 154
Norm _X No arguments C3 C3 154
Norm •_Y No arguments C4 C4 154
Norm+_Y No arguments C5 C5 154
Norm _Y No arguments C6 C6 154
NormDis No arguments D1 D1 154
Box No arguments E1 E1 155
MBox • No arguments E2 E2 155
MBox+ No arguments E3 E3 155
MBox No arguments E4 E4 155
Pie No arguments F1 F1 156
Pie% No arguments F2 F2 156
Scattr • No arguments G1 G1 156
Scattr+ No arguments G2 G2 156
Scattr No arguments G3 G3 156
xyLine• No arguments H1 H1 156
xyLine+ No arguments H2 H2 156
xyLine No arguments H3 H3 156
5. DRAW menus
Syntax Page
@ d DRAW
ClrDraw No arguments A1 A1 102
Line(x-coordinate of start point, y-coordinate of

Line( start point, x-coordinate of end point, A2 A2 103
y-coordinate of end point [,0])
H_line H_line y-value A3 A3 105
V_line V_line x-value A4 A4 105
T_line( T_line(equation, x-value) A5 A5 106
254
Appendix
Syntax Page
Draw Draw equation A6 A6 107
Shade( Shade(equation 1, equation 2 [, begin, end]) A7 A7 107
DrawInv DrawInv equation A8 A8 108
Circle(x-coordinate of center, y-coordinate of cen-

Circle( A9 A9 108
ter, radius)
Text( Text(column, row, "character strings") A0 A0 109
@ d POINT
PntON( PntON(x-coordinate, y-coordinate) B1 B1 110
PntOFF( PntOFF(x-coordinate, y-coordinate) B2 B2 110
PntCHG( PntCHG(x-coordinate, y-coordinate) B3 B3 110
PxlON( PxlON(column, row) B4 B4 110
PxlOFF( PxlOFF(column, row) B5 B5 110
PxlCHG( PxlCHG(column, row) B6 B6 110
PxlTST( PxlTST(column, row) B7 B7 111
@ d ON/OFF/LINE/G_DATA/PICT/SHADE
DrawON [equation number 1, equation number 2,
DrawON C1 C1 111
…]
DrawOFF [equation number 1, equation number 2,
DrawOFF C2 C2 111
…]
LINE No arguments DE DE 112
StoGD StoGD number E1 E1 112
RclGD RclGD number E2 E2 112
StoPict StoPict number F1 F1 113
RclPict RclPict number F2 F2 113
SET No arguments G1 G1 114
INITIAL No arguments G2 G2 114
6. ZOOM menus
Syntax Page
Z ZOOM
Auto
No arguments A1 A1 53
Zm_Auto
Box
Zm_Box
255
Appendix
Syntax Page
In
Zm_In
Out
Zm_Out
Default
Zm_Default
Square
Zm_Square
Dec
Zm_Dec
Int
Zm_Int
Stat
Zm_Stat
Z FACTOR/POWER
FACTOR No arguments BE BE 55
x2 _
No arguments C1 C1 55
Zm_x2
x-1
No arguments C2 C2 55
Zm_x-1
x No arguments C3 C3 55
Zm_ x
Z EXP
10x
No arguments D1 D1 55
Zm_10x
ex
No arguments D2 97
Zm_ex
log x
No arguments D3 D2 55
Zm_log
ln x
No arguments D4 97
Zm_ln
Z TRIG
sin x
No arguments E1 E1 56
Zm_sin
cos x
Zm_cos
tan x
Zm_tan
256
Appendix
Syntax Page
sin-1 x
No arguments E4 97
Zm_sin-1
cos-1 x
No arguments E5 97
Zm_cos-1
tan-1 x
No arguments E6 97
Zm_tan-1
Z HYP/STO/RCL
sinh x
No arguments F1 97
Zm_sinh
cosh x
No arguments F2 97
Zm_cosh
tanh x
No arguments F3 97
Zm_tanh
sinh-1 x
No arguments F4 97
Zm_sinh-1
cosh-1 x
No arguments F5 97
Zm_cosh-1
tanh-1 x
No arguments F6 97
Zm_tanh-1
StoWin No arguments G1 F1 56
RclWin No arguments H1 G1 56
PreWin No arguments H2 G2 56
7. CALC menus
Syntax Page
@ k CALC
Value Value x A1 A1 60
Intsct No arguments A2 A2 60
Minimum No arguments A3 A3 60
Maximum No arguments A4 A4 61
X_Incpt No arguments A5 A5 61
Y_Incpt No arguments A6 A6 61
Inflec No arguments A7 94
257
Appendix
8. SLIDE SHOW menus

Syntax Page
] CURR/PLAY/NEW/SELECT/EDIT
CURR No arguments AE AE 118
PLAY No arguments B B 118
NEW No arguments CE CE 118
SELECT No arguments D D 118
MOVE No arguments E1 E1 118
DEL No arguments E2 E2 119
RENAME No arguments E3 E3 119
9. PRGM menus
Syntax Page
P
EXEC No arguments A A 202
EDIT No arguments B 202
NEW No arguments CE 202
P (in the Prgramming mode) PRGM

Print variable
Print A1 207
Print "character strings ["]
" "characters ["] A2 207
Input Input ["prompt strings", ] variable A3 207
Wait Wait [natural number] A4 208
Rem Rem comments A5 208
End No arguments A6 208
Key Key variable A7 208
P (in the Prgramming mode) BRNCH

Label Label label name B01 214
Goto Goto label name B02 214
If If conditional statements B03 214

Then
Then commands B04 214
Else [Else B05 214

commands]
EndIf EndIf B06 214
258
Appendix
Syntax Page
For For variable, start value, end value [, increment] B07 215
commands
Next Next B08 215
While While conditional statements B09 215

commands
WEnd WEnd B10 215
Gosub Gosub label name B11 216
Return No arguments B12 216
P (in the Prgramming mode) SCRN

ClrT No arguments C1 209
ClrG No arguments C2 209
DispT No arguments C3 209
DispG No arguments C4 209
P (in the Prgramming mode) I/O

Get Get variable D1 209
Send Send variable D2 209
P (in the Prgramming mode) SETUP

Rect No arguments E01 210
Param No arguments E02 210
Polar No arguments E03 210
Web No arguments E04 210
Time No arguments E05 210
uv No arguments E06 210
uw No arguments E07 210
vw No arguments E08 210
Deg No arguments E09 210
Rad No arguments E10 210
Grad No arguments E11 210
FloatPt No arguments E12 211
Fix No arguments E13 211
Sci No arguments E14 211
Eng No arguments E15 211
Tab Tab integer E16 211
259
Appendix
Syntax Page
Decimal No arguments E17 211
Mixed No arguments E18 211
Improp No arguments E19 211
x ± yi No arguments E20 211
r∠θ No arguments E21 211
P (in the Prgramming mode) FORMAT

RectCursor No arguments F01 211
PolarCursor No arguments F02 211
ExprON No arguments F03 211
ExprOFF No arguments F04 211
Y'ON No arguments F05 211
Y'OFF No arguments F06 211
AxisON No arguments F07 212
AxisOFF No arguments F08 212
GridON No arguments F09 212
GridOFF No arguments F10 212
Connect No arguments F11 212
Dot No arguments F12 212
Sequen No arguments F13 212
Simul No arguments F14 212
P (in the Prgramming mode) S_PLOT

Plt1(graph type, X list name [, Y list name,
Plt1( G1 213
frequency list])
Plt2( G2 213
frequency list])
Plt3( G3 213
frequency list])
PlotON PlotON [number] G4 213
PlotOFF PlotOFF [number] G5 213
LimON No arguments G6 213
LimOFF No arguments G7 213
260
Appendix
Syntax Page
P (in the Prgramming mode) COPY
StoLine No arguments H1 216
RclLine No arguments H2 217
10. MATRIX menus

Syntax Page
@ m NAME
mat A No arguments A1 130
mat B No arguments A2 130
mat C No arguments A3 130
mat D No arguments A4 130
mat E No arguments A5 130
mat F No arguments A6 130
mat G No arguments A7 130
mat H No arguments A8 130
mat I No arguments A9 130
mat J No arguments A0 130
@ m EDIT
mat A No arguments B1 122
mat B No arguments B2 122
mat C No arguments B3 122
mat D No arguments B4 122
mat E No arguments B5 122
mat F No arguments B6 122
mat G No arguments B7 122
mat H No arguments B8 122
mat I No arguments B9 122
mat J No arguments B0 122
@ m OPE
dim( dim(matrix name) C01 125
fill( fill(value, matrix name) C02 125
cumul cumul matrix name C03 126
261
Appendix
Syntax Page
augment( augment(matrix name A, matrix name B) C04 126
identity identity dimension value C05 126
rnd_mat( rnd_mat(number of row, number of column) C06 126
row_swap( row_swap(matrix name, row number, row number) C07 127
row_plus( row_plus(matrix name, row number, row number) C08 127
row_mult(multiplied number, matrix name, row

row_mult( C09 127
number)
row_m.p.(multiplied number, matrix name, row
row_m.p.( C10 127
number, row number)
mat→list(matrix name, list name 1, …, list name n)
mat→list( C11 128
list→mat( list→mat(list 1, …, list n, matrix name) C12 128
@ m MATH/[ ]
det det matrix name D1 129
trans trans matrix name D2 129
rowEF rowEF matrix name D3 129
rrowEF rrowEF matrix name D4 129
[ No arguments E1 130
] No arguments E2 130
11. FINANCE menus

Syntax Page
@ g SOLVER/CALC
SOLVER (TVM SOLVER screen appears) AE 185
slv_pmt slv_pmt [(N, I%, PV, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B01 189
slv_I% slv_I% [(N, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B02 189
slv_PV slv_PV [(N, I%, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B03 189
slv_N slv_N [(I%, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B04 189
slv_FV slv_FV [(N, I%, PV, PMT, P/Y, C/Y)] B05 189
Npv(interest rate, initial investment, list of following

Npv( B06 190
collected investment [, frequency list])
262
Appendix
Syntax Page
Irr(initial investment, list of following collected
Irr( investment [, frequency list] [, assumed revenue B07 190
rate])
Bal(number of payments [, decimal place to
Bal( B08 191
round])
∑Prn(initial number of payments, end number of
∑Prn( B09 191
payments [, decimal place to round])
∑Int(initial number of payments, end number of
∑Int( B10 191
payments [, decimal place to round])
→Apr(effective interest rate, number of
→Apr( B11 192
settlements)
→Eff(nominal interest rate, number of
→Eff( B12 192
settlements)
days(start month. day year, end month. day year)
days( B13 192
days(day month. year, day month. year)
@ g PERIOD
PmtEnd No arguments C1 188
PmtBegin No arguments C2 188
@ g VARS
N No arguments D1 193
I% No arguments D2 193
PV No arguments D3 193
PMT No arguments D4 193
FV No arguments D5 193
P/Y No arguments D6 193
C/Y No arguments D7 193
12. TOOL menus

Syntax Page
@ V N BASE/SYSTEM/POLY
NBASE No arguments AE 81
2 No arguments B2 82
263
Appendix
Syntax Page
2 No arguments C2 82
3 No arguments C3 82
13. SOLVER menus

Syntax Page
@ ' (in the Solver mode) METHOD/EQTN/SAVE/RENAME
Equation No arguments A1 194
Newton No arguments A2 196
Graphic No arguments A3 198
EQTN No arguments B 201
SAVE No arguments CE 200
RENAME No arguments D 200
264
Appendix
INDEX
: (colon) ......................................................... 134, 214 Battery, inserting ...................................................... 2
(n-1)-based (Web), sequence ................................ 90 Battery, replacing the ....................................... 228
“, PRGM ................................................................ 207 Binary, NBASE ....................................................... 81
1_Stats, CALC ...................................................... 150 Blank line, programming ...................................... 205
2nd Function key .................................................... 18 Box plot, Graph type ............................................ 155
2ndF key ......................................................... 5, 8, 18 Box, ZOOM ............................................................. 54
2x, CALC ................................................................. 71 Braces ..................................................................... 40
2_Stats, CALC ...................................................... 150 BRNCH menu, Programming ....................... 209, 214
10x ........................................................................... 43 Broken line plot, Graph type ................................ 154
χ2 test, TEST ........................................................ 166 BS key ...................................................................... 6
∑Int(, CALC .......................................................... 191
∑Prn(, CALC ........................................................ 191 C
→Apr(, CALC ........................................................ 192 CALC .......................................................... 42, 60, 70
→Eff(, CALC ......................................................... 192 CALC function .................................................... 93
CALC functions, financial ................................ 189
A CALC key ............................................................. 5
A-LOCK key .............................................................. 5 CALC menu, STAT ........................................... 150
abs( ......................................................................... 43 CALC, MATH ...................................................... 70
abs(, COMPLX ................................................... 79 Calculation screen, entering the ............................ 11
abs(, NUM .......................................................... 73 CATALOG ............................................................... 41
Absolute value ................................................... 43 cdfbin(, DISTRI ..................................................... 181
absolute value, COMPLX .................................. 79 cdfF(, DISTRI ....................................................... 180
Advanced keyboard ................................................ 66 cdfgeo(, DISTRI .................................................... 182
Advanced Mode ............................................... iii, 7, 9 cdfnorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 177
ALPHA key ..................................................... 5, 8, 19 cdfpoi(, DISTRI ..................................................... 182
and, LOGIC ............................................................ 77 cdfT(, DISTRI ....................................................... 179
ANGLE .................................................................... 49 cdfχ2(, DISTRI ...................................................... 179
ANGLE, MATH ................................................... 76 Circle(, DRAW ...................................................... 108
ANOVA(, CALC ..................................................... 152 CL key ....................................................................... 6
ANS key .................................................................. 40 CLIP key ................................................................... 6
ANSWER ............................................................ 26 ClrDraw, DRAW .................................................... 102
Answer mode, changing the .............................. 12 ClrG, SCRN .......................................................... 209
Arc cosine ............................................................... 69 ClrList, OPE .......................................................... 159
Arc sine ................................................................... 69 ClrT, SCRN ........................................................... 209
Arc tangent ............................................................. 69 Combination ........................................................... 48
arg(, COMPLX ........................................................ 79 Comma ................................................................... 38
augment(, OPE ............................................. 126, 138 Command, programming ..................................... 207
Auto, SIMPLE ......................................................... 27 Common math function keys ................................. 21
Auto, TABLE ..................................................... 100 Comparison operand, program ............................ 206
Auto, ZOOM ....................................................... 53 Complex conjugate, COMPLX ............................... 78
AXIS, FORMAT ................................................. 63, 95 Complex number ................................................ 78
AxisOFF, FORMAT ............................................... 212 Complex number, available keys ....................... 80
AxisON, FORMAT ................................................ 212 Complex number, calculation ............................ 79
COMPLX, MATH ................................................ 78
B compound interest ................................................ 186
Bal(, CALC ............................................................ 191 Cumulative sum, CALC .......................................... 72
Basic keyboard ................................................. 31, 50 conj(, COMPLX ...................................................... 78
Basic Mode ....................................................... ii, 7, 9 Connect, FORMAT ............................................... 212
265
Appendix
CONV ..................................................................... 48 dim(, OPE ..................................................... 125, 136

CONV, MATH ..................................................... 74 DispG, SCRN ....................................................... 209
Conversion ......................................................... 48 Display contrast, adjusting ....................................... 3
Conversion keys, fraction and decimal .............. 36 Display screen ...................................................... 5
Conversion, coordinates ........................................ 74 Display, clear the ................................................ 11
COORD .................................................................. 26 DispT, SCRN ........................................................ 209
COPY menu, programming .................................. 216 DISTRI menu, STAT ............................................. 177
cos .......................................................................... 42 Distribution functions, statistics ....................... 177
cos-1 X, TRIG .......................................................... 97 Dot, FORMAT ....................................................... 212
cosecant, CALC ..................................................... 72 DRAW ..................................................................... 61
cosh X, HYP ........................................................... 97 DRAW function ................................................. 102
cosh, CALC ............................................................ 72 DRAW key ............................................................ 5
cosh-1 X, HYP ......................................................... 97 Draw, DRAW .................................................... 107
cosh-1, CALC .......................................................... 73 DrawInv, DRAW ............................................... 108
cosine ..................................................................... 68 DrawOFF, ON/OFF .......................................... 111
cot-1 ......................................................................... 72 DrawON, ON/OFF ............................................ 111
cotangent, CALC .................................................... 72 DRG ........................................................................ 25
csc-1 ......................................................................... 72 Derivative, CALC .................................................... 71
cumul, OPE .................................................. 126, 137
cumulative matrix ............................................. 126 E
CURR, SLIDE SHOW .......................................... 118 EDIT, SLIDE SHOW ............................................. 118
Cursor ............................................................... 15, 16 Editing mode .......................................................... 17
Cursor appearance ............................................ 16 EDITOR .................................................................. 26
Cursor key ............................................................ 6 Else, BRNCH ........................................................ 214
Cursor navigation ............................................... 17 End, PRGM .......................................................... 208
CURSOR, FORMAT ........................................... 96 EndIf, BRNCH ...................................................... 214
Eng ......................................................................... 25
D Eng, SETUP ..................................................... 211
d/dx(, CALC ............................................................ 71 ENTER key ......................................................... 6, 33
Data list operation, statistics ................................ 159 ENTRY key ............................................................. 41
days(, CALC ......................................................... 192 Equality ................................................................... 76
Debugging, program ............................................. 219 Equation ................................................................. 26
Dec, ZOOM ............................................................ 54 Equation method, SOLVER ............................. 194
Decimal (Real) ........................................................ 26 Equation mode ................................................... 17
Decimal ........................................................ 49, 74 Equation, recalling a ........................................ 201
Decimal, NBASE ................................................ 81 Equation, renaming a ....................................... 200
Decimal, SETUP .............................................. 211 Equation, saving a ........................................... 200
Default, ZOOM ....................................................... 54 EQVARS, VARS .................................................... 217
Deg ......................................................................... 25 Error codes ........................................................... 235
Deg, SETUP ..................................................... 210 Error messages .................................................. 28
Degree .......................................................... 49, 74 Euler number ........................................................ 246
Degree, angle ..................................................... 49 ex ......................................................................... 69
DEL key .................................................................... 6 ex, EXP ............................................................... 97
DEL, SLIDE SHOW ......................................... 119 EXP, ZOOM ...................................................... 55, 97
Delete files ....................................................... 224 Exponent ................................................................ 38
det, MATH ............................................................. 129 EXPRES, FORMAT .......................................... 63, 95
df_list, OPE .......................................................... 137 ExprOFF, FORMAT ............................................... 211
Differential, CALC .................................................. 71 ExprON, FORMAT ................................................ 211
266
Appendix
F H
FACTOR, ZOOM .................................................... 55 Hard cover, using the ............................................... 3
Factorial .................................................................. 48 Hexadecimal, NBASE ............................................ 81
Factorial, PROB ................................................. 74 Histogram, Graph type ......................................... 153
fill(, OPE ....................................................... 125, 136 HYP, ZOOM ............................................................ 97
FINANCE key ........................................................... 7 Hyperbolic cosine, CALC ....................................... 72
Financial features ............................................. 183 Hyperbolic sine, CALC ........................................... 72
Fix ........................................................................... 25 Hyperbolic tangent, CALC ..................................... 72
Fix, SETUP ...................................................... 211 H_line, DRAW ....................................................... 105
FloatPt .................................................................... 25
FloatPT, SETUP ............................................... 211 I
Flow control, programming .................................. 214 I/O menu, programming ....................................... 209
Flow diagram, financial ........................................ 183 identity, OPE ......................................................... 126
fmax(, CALC ........................................................... 71 If, BRNCH ............................................................. 214
fmin(, CALC ............................................................ 71 image(, COMPLX ................................................... 79
For, BRNCH .......................................................... 215 Imaginary part, COMPLX ....................................... 79
FORMAT ................................................................. 63 imaginary number .............................................. 70
FORMAT key ........................................................ 5 Improp, SETUP .................................................... 211
FORMAT menu, programming ......................... 211 Improp (Real) ..................................................... 26
Format setting .................................................... 95 In, ZOOM ................................................................ 54
fpart ........................................................................ 44 INEQ, MATH ........................................................... 76
Fraction calculation keys .............................. 7, 20, 35 Inequality ................................................................ 76
Fraction, entering ............................................... 11 Infinite loop, programming ................................... 220
Frequency, setting the .......................................... 147 Inflec, CALC ........................................................... 94
FSE ......................................................................... 25 INITIAL, SHADE ................................................... 114
Ftest2samp, TEST ................................................ 167 Input method .......................................................... 16
Input, PRGM .................................................... 207
G INS key ..................................................................... 6
gcd( ......................................................................... 45 Insert mode ........................................................ 17
gcd(, NUM .......................................................... 73 int ............................................................................ 44
Get, I/O ................................................................. 209 Int, NUM ............................................................. 73
Gosub, BRNCH .................................................... 216 Int, ZOOM .......................................................... 54
Goto, BRNCH ....................................................... 214 Integer ................................................................ 44
Grad ........................................................................ 25 Integer division keys ...................................... 7, 37
Grad, SETUP ................................................... 210 Integer division ............................................. 20, 37
GRAPH key ........................................................ 5, 53 Integral, CALC ........................................................ 71
Graph Equation window ..................................... 51 Intsct, CALC ........................................................... 60
Graph type, statistics ....................................... 153 Inverse cotangent, CALC ....................................... 72
Graphic method, SOLVER ............................... 198 Inverse cosecant, CALC ........................................ 72
Graphic parametric equation ............................. 87 Inverse hyperbolic cosine, CALC ........................... 73
Graphing sequences .......................................... 89 Inverse hyperbolic sine, CALC ............................... 73
Greater than ........................................................... 76 Inverse hyperbolic tangent, CALC ......................... 73
Greatest common divisor ....................................... 45 Inverse secant, CALC ............................................ 72
GRID, FORMAT ................................................ 63, 95 InvNorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 178
GridOFF, FORMAT ........................................... 212 ipart ......................................................................... 44
GridON, FORMAT ............................................ 212 ipart, NUM .......................................................... 73
G_DATA, DRAW ................................................... 112 Irr(, CALC ............................................................. 190
G_DATA, VARS ..................................................... 217
267
Appendix
K Matrix, using in an expression ......................... 130

Matrix, viewing a .............................................. 122
Key, PRGM ........................................................... 208
max( ........................................................................ 45
Keyboard, changing the ........................................... 9
max(, MATH ..................................................... 139
L max(, NUM ......................................................... 73
Maximum value .................................................. 45
Label, BRNCH ...................................................... 214
Maximum, CALC ................................................ 61
lcm( ......................................................................... 45
mean(, MATH ........................................................ 139
lcm(, NUM .......................................................... 73
median(, MATH ..................................................... 140
Least common multiple ...................................... 45
Med_Med, REG .................................................... 160
Less than ................................................................ 76
Memory usage, checking the ............................... 222
LimOFF, S_PLOT ................................................. 213
min( ......................................................................... 45
LimON, S_PLOT ................................................... 213
min(, MATH ...................................................... 139
Line(, DRAW ......................................................... 103
min(, NUM .......................................................... 73
LINE, DRAW .................................................... 112
Minimum value ................................................... 45
Linking to another EL-9900 or PC ....................... 224
Minimum, CALC ................................................. 60
LIST key .................................................................... 6
Minute, angle .......................................................... 49
List features ...................................................... 131
Mixed (Real) ........................................................... 26
List variable ........................................................ 80
Mixed number, entering the ............................... 36
list→matrix(, OPE .................................... 128, 138
Mixed, SETUP .................................................. 211
List, creating a .................................................. 133
Modified box type, Graph type ............................. 155
List, drawing multiple graphs ........................... 141
List, normal operations .................................... 133 N
List, special operations .................................... 135
n-based (Time), sequence ..................................... 90
List, Table ......................................................... 143
NBASE, TOOL ........................................................ 81
ln ............................................................................. 68
nCr .......................................................................... 48
ln X, EXP ............................................................ 97
nCr, PROB ......................................................... 74
log ..................................................................... 43, 68
neg, LOGIC ............................................................ 78
log2, CALC .......................................................... 70
Negative value ........................................................ 34
Logarithm keys ................................................... 7, 68
Negative value, entering the .............................. 14
LOGIC, MATH ......................................................... 77
NEW, SLIDE SHOW ............................................. 118
L_DATA function, List ........................................... 142
Newton’s method, SOLVER ................................. 196
L_DATA, VARS ...................................................... 217
Next, BRNCH ....................................................... 215
M Normal distribution plot, Graph type .................... 154
Normal probability plot, Graph type ..................... 154
Manual, SIMPLE .................................................... 27
not, LOGIC ............................................................. 77
MATH menu ............................................................ 42
nPr .......................................................................... 47
MATH menu key ............................................. 7, 23
nPr, PROB .......................................................... 74
MATH menu, List .............................................. 139
Npv(, CALC .......................................................... 190
MATH menu, Matrix ......................................... 129
NUM ........................................................................ 43
Math calculation ................................................. 15
NUM, MATH ............................................................ 73
MATRIX key .............................................................. 7
Numbers, entering .................................................. 14
Matrix ................................................................ 120
matrix→list(, OPE .................................... 128, 138 O
Matrix, define dimensions ................................ 122
Octal, NBASE ......................................................... 81
Matrix, editing keys and functions ................... 123
OFF, turn ................................................................... 3
Matrix, entering a ............................................. 122
ON/OFF, DRAW .................................................... 111
Matrix, entering manually ................................ 130
One-line mode .................................................. 17, 26
Matrix, normal calculations .............................. 124
268
Appendix
OPE menu, List .................................................... 135 PolarCursor, FORMAT ..................................... 211

OPE menu, Matrix ............................................ 125 POLY, TOOL ........................................................... 82
OPE menu, STAT ............................................. 159 Power ...................................................................... 69
Operand, programming ........................................ 206 Power ON/OFF key .................................................. 5
OPTION key ............................................................. 6 POWER, ZOOM ..................................................... 55
OPTION Menu ................................................. 222 Precedence of calculation ...................................... 27
or, LOGIC ............................................................... 77 PreWin, ZOOM ....................................................... 56
Out, ZOOM ............................................................. 54 PRGM menu key ................................................ 7, 23
PRGM menu, programming ............................. 207
P Print, PRGM ......................................................... 207
Param ..................................................................... 26 PROB ...................................................................... 46
Param, SETUP ................................................. 210 PROB, MATH ..................................................... 74
Parametric coordinate system, TABLE .................. 99 Probability .......................................................... 46
Parametric coordinate system, WINDOW ............. 98 prod(, MATH ......................................................... 140
Parentheses ..................................................... 15, 35 Program, blank line .............................................. 205
Payment due at the beginning of the period ....... 188 Program, changing a name ............................. 205
Payment due at the end of the period ................. 184 Program, copying ............................................. 205
pdfbin(, DISTRI ..................................................... 181 Program, creating a ......................................... 202
pdfF(, DISTRI ....................................................... 180 Program, debugging ........................................ 219
pdfgeo(, DISTRI ................................................... 182 Program, deleting a line ................................... 205
pdfnorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 177 Program, entering a command ........................ 203
pdfpoi(, DISTRI ..................................................... 181 Program, entering an alphabet ........................ 203
pdfT(, DISTRI ....................................................... 178 Program, executing the .................................... 204
pdfχ2(, DISTRI ...................................................... 179 Program, operand ............................................ 206
Permutation ............................................................ 47 Program, storing a ........................................... 205
phase-based (uv, uw, vw), sequence .................... 91 Program, variable ............................................. 206
PICT, DRAW ......................................................... 113 Programming command .................................. 207
PICTUR, VARS ..................................................... 217 Programming features ..................................... 202
π ................................................................................ 41, 70 Programming hints ........................................... 204
Pie chart, Graph type ........................................... 156 Programming, infinite loop ............................... 220
PLAY, SLIDE SHOW ............................................ 118 PxlCHG(, POINT .................................................. 110
PlotOFF, S_PLOT ................................................. 213 PxlOFF(, POINT ................................................... 110
PlotON, S_PLOT .................................................. 213 PxlON(, POINT ..................................................... 110
Plotting on/off, statistical graph ............................ 157 PxlTST(, POINT ................................................... 111
Plt1(, S_PLOT ...................................................... 213
Plt2(, S_PLOT ...................................................... 213 Q
Plt3(, S_PLOT ...................................................... 213 QUIT key ................................................................... 6
PntCHG(, POINT .................................................. 110
PntOFF(, POINT ................................................... 110 R
PntON(, POINT .................................................... 110 r ∠ θ (Complex) ...................................................... 26
POINT, DRAW ...................................................... 109 r ∠ θ, SETUP ................................................... 211
Polar ........................................................................ 26 Rad ......................................................................... 25
Polar coordinate system, TABLE ..................... 100 Rad, SETUP ..................................................... 210
Polar coordinate system, WINDOW .................. 98 Radian ................................................................ 49
Polar coordinate, CURSOR ............................... 96 random .................................................................... 46
Polar coordinates ............................................... 74 random, PROB ................................................... 74
Polar graphing .................................................... 88 RCL, ZOOM ............................................................ 56
Polar, SETUP ................................................... 210 RclGD, G_DATA .................................................... 112
269
Appendix
RclLD, L_DATA ..................................................... 143 Root .................................................................. 39, 70

RclPict, PICT ........................................................ 113 round( ..................................................................... 44
RclWin, ZOOM ....................................................... 56 round(, NUM ....................................................... 73
Real part, COMPLX ............................................... 79 Rounded value ................................................... 44
real(, COMPLX ................................................... 79 rowEF, MATH ........................................................ 129
Recall, variable ....................................................... 40 row_m.p.(, OPE .................................................... 127
Recalling a equation ........................................ 201 row_mult(, OPE .................................................... 127
Rect ........................................................................ 26 row_plus(, OPE .................................................... 127
Rect, SETUP .................................................... 210 row_swap(, OPE ................................................... 127
Rectangular coordinate system, TABLE ............ 99 rrowEF, MATH ....................................................... 129
Rectangular coordinate system, WINDOW ....... 98
Rectangular coordinate, CURSOR .................... 96 S
Rectangular coordinates .................................... 74 Saving a equation ................................................ 200
RectCursor, FORMAT ...................................... 211 Scatter diagram, Graph type ................................ 156
REG menu, STAT ................................................. 160 Sci ........................................................................... 25
Regression ....................................................... 145 Sci, SETUP ...................................................... 211
Regression calculation .................................... 160 Screen contrast, adjusting the ............................. 222
Regression function, using the ........................ 163 SCRN menu, programming .................................. 209
Rem, PRGM ......................................................... 208 sec-1 ........................................................................ 72
remain ..................................................................... 46 secant, CALC ......................................................... 72
Remainder .......................................................... 46 Second, angle ........................................................ 49
Remainder, division ........................................... 37 SELECT menu, OPTION ..................................... 225
Renaming a equation ........................................... 200 SELECT, SLIDE SHOW ....................................... 118
Reset function, OPTION ...................................... 227 Send, I/O .............................................................. 209
Reset switch ................................................... 6, 29 Seq ......................................................................... 26
RESET, OPTION menu ..................................... 30 seq(, OPE ......................................................... 137
Resetting the calculator ..................................... 29 Sequen, FORMAT ............................................ 212
Residual list .......................................................... 165 Sequential coordinate system, TABLE ............ 100
Return, BRNCH .................................................... 216 Sequential coordinate system, WINDOW ......... 98
Reversible Keyboard ................................................ ii SET, SHADE ......................................................... 114
Rg_a+bx, REG ..................................................... 160 SetList, OPE ......................................................... 159
Rg_abx, REG ........................................................ 161 SETUP key ......................................................... 6, 24
Rg_aebx, REG ....................................................... 161 SETUP menu ............................................... 25, 83
Rg_ax+b, REG ..................................................... 160 SETUP menu, programming ........................... 210
Rg_axb, REG ........................................................ 162 Sexagesimal ........................................................... 48
Rg_ln, REG .......................................................... 161 SHADE, DRAW .................................................... 114
Rg_log, REG ........................................................ 161 Shade(, DRAW ................................................. 107
Rg_logistic, REG .................................................. 162 Simp key ................................................................. 35
Rg_sin, REG ......................................................... 162 SIMPLE .............................................................. 27
Rg_x-1, REG ......................................................... 162 simple interest .................................................. 186
Rg_x2, REG .......................................................... 160 Simul, FORMAT .................................................... 212
Rg_x3, REG .......................................................... 160 sin ........................................................................... 42
Rg_x4, REG .......................................................... 161 sin-1 X, TRIG ........................................................... 97
rndCoin ................................................................... 47 sine ......................................................................... 68
rndDice ................................................................... 47 sinh X, HYP ............................................................ 97
rndInt( ..................................................................... 46 sinh, CALC ............................................................. 72
rndInt(, PROB .................................................... 74 sinh-1 X, HYP .......................................................... 97
rnd_mat(, OPE ..................................................... 126 sinh-1, CALC ........................................................... 73
270
Appendix
SLIDE SHOW ....................................................... 115 SYSTEM, TOOL ..................................................... 82

SLIDE SHOW key ................................................ 6 S_PLOT menu, programming .............................. 213
SLIDE SHOW menu ......................................... 118
slv_FV, CALC ....................................................... 189 T
slv_I%, CALC ....................................................... 189 TAB ......................................................................... 26
slv_N, CALC ......................................................... 189 Tab, SETUP .......................................................... 211
slv_pmt, CALC ..................................................... 189 TABLE key .......................................................... 5, 53
slv_PV, CALC ....................................................... 189 TABLE, VARS ................................................... 217
SOLVER feature ................................................... 194 Table, editing the list ........................................ 144
SOLVER, equation method .............................. 194 Table, entering the list ...................................... 143
SOLVER function, Financial ............................ 185 Table, List ......................................................... 143
SOLVER, graphic method ................................ 198 Table, setting a ................................................. 100
SOLVER, Newton’s method ............................. 196 Tables ................................................................. 99
SOLVER key ......................................................... 7 tan ........................................................................... 43
sortA(, OPE .................................................. 135, 159 tan-1 X, TRIG ........................................................... 97
sortD(, OPE .................................................. 135, 159 tangent .................................................................... 68
Specifications ....................................................... 233 tanh X, HYP ............................................................ 97
SPLIT ...................................................................... 58 tanh, CALC ............................................................. 72
SPLIT key ............................................................. 5 tanh-1 X, HYP .......................................................... 97
Square .................................................................... 37 tanh-1, CALC ........................................................... 73
Square, ZOOM ................................................... 54 TBLSET key ............................................................. 5
Standard deviation ............................................... 141 TEST menu, STAT ................................................ 165
STAT menu ........................................................... 149 Text(, DRAW ......................................................... 109
STAT menu key .............................................. 7, 23 Then, BRNCH ....................................................... 214
STAT PLOT key .................................................... 6 Time, SETUP ........................................................ 210
STAT, VARS ...................................................... 217 Time, TYPE ........................................................ 96
Stat, ZOOM ........................................................ 54 Tint1samp, TEST .................................................. 170
Statistical graph functions ............................... 157 Tint2samp, TEST .................................................. 170
Statistical graph, plotting on/off ....................... 157 TOOL key .................................................................. 7
Statistical graph, specifying ............................. 157 TOOL menu ........................................................ 81
Statistical graph, trancing the .......................... 158 TRACE .................................................................... 57
Statistical hypothesis testing ........................... 165 TRACE key ........................................................... 5
Statistics ........................................................... 145 Trace function, statistical graph ....................... 158
Statistics, graphing .......................................... 153 trans, MATH .......................................................... 129
Statistics, opening the list table ....................... 145 TRIG, ZOOM .................................................... 56, 97
Statistics, plotting ............................................. 147 Trigonometric keys .......................... 7, 20, 21, 68, 69
Statistics features ............................................ 149 Trouble shooting ................................................... 231
stdDv(, MATH ....................................................... 141 Ttest1samp, TEST ................................................ 167
STO key .................................................................. 38 Ttest2samp, TEST ................................................ 168
STO, ZOOM ....................................................... 56 TtestLinreg, TEST ................................................ 169
StoGD, G_DATA ............................................... 112 TYPE, FORMAT ..................................................... 96
StoLD, L_DATA ................................................. 142 T_line(, DRAW ...................................................... 106
StoPict, PICT ................................................... 113
STOWIN, VARS ................................................ 217 U
SUB key .............................................................. 5, 63 User, TABLE ......................................................... 101
Substitution ........................................................ 63 uv, SETUP ............................................................ 210
Substitution feature (Advanced) ...................... 114 uv, TYPE ................................................................. 96
sum(, MATH .......................................................... 140 uw, SETUP ........................................................... 210
271
Appendix
uw, TYPE ................................................................ 96 Zoom Functions ................................................. 96

Ztest1prop, TEST ................................................. 173
V Ztest1samp, TEST ................................................ 171
Value, CALC ........................................................... 60 Ztest2prop, TEST ................................................. 173
Variable, programming ......................................... 206 Ztest2samp, TEST ................................................ 172
Variable, store .................................................... 38
varian(, MATH ....................................................... 141
Variance ........................................................... 141
VARS key ............................................................ 7, 40
VARS menu, financial ...................................... 193
VARS menu, programming .............................. 217
vw, SETUP ........................................................... 210
vw, TYPE ................................................................ 96
V_line(, DRAW ..................................................... 105
W
Wait, PRGM .......................................................... 208
Web, SETUP ........................................................ 210
Web, TYPE ......................................................... 96
WEnd, BRNCH ..................................................... 215
While, BRNCH ...................................................... 215
WINDOW ................................................................ 57
WINDOW key ....................................................... 5
WINDOW, setting the ....................................... 148
WINDOW, VARS .............................................. 217
Window, setting a ............................................... 98
X
x’, REG ................................................................. 163
xnor, LOGIC ........................................................... 78
xor, LOGIC .............................................................. 78
XY Line, Graph type ............................................. 156
X_Incpt, CALC ........................................................ 61
x±yi (Complex) ....................................................... 26
X±yi, SETUP ........................................................ 211
Y
Y’, FORMAT ...................................................... 63, 95
y’, REG ................................................................. 163
Y’OFF, FORMAT ................................................... 211
Y’ON, FORMAT .................................................... 211
Y= key ....................................................................... 5
Y_Incpt, CALC ........................................................ 61
Z
Zint1prop, TEST ................................................... 175
Zint1samp, TEST .................................................. 174
Zint2prop, TEST ................................................... 176
Zint2samp, TEST .................................................. 175
ZOOM ..................................................................... 53
ZOOM key ............................................................ 5
272
In Europe:
This equipment complies with the requirements of Directive 89/336/EEC as

amended by 93/68/EEC.
Dieses Gerät entspricht den Anforderungen der EG-Richtlinie 89/336/EWG mit
Änderung 93/68/EWG.
Ce matériel répond aux exigences contenues dans la directive 89/336/CEE
modifiée par la directive 93/68/CEE.
Dit apparaat voldoet aan de eisen van de richtlijn 89/336/EEG, gewijzigd door
93/68/EEG.
Dette udstyr overholder kravene i direktiv nr. 89/336/EEC med tillæg nr. 93/68/
EEC.
Quest’apparecchio è conforme ai requisiti della direttiva 89/336/EEC come
emendata dalla direttiva 93/68/EEC.
∏ ÂÁÎ·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÈ˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂÈ˜ ÙˆÓ Ô‰ËÁÈÒÓ ÙË˜
∂˘Úˆ·˚Î‹˜ ∂ÓˆÛË˜ 89/336/∂√∫, fiˆ˜ Ô Î·ÓÔÓÈÛÌfi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ Û˘ÌÏËÚÒıËÎÂ
·fi ÙËÓ Ô‰ËÁ›· 93/68/∂√∫.
Este equipamento obedece às exigências da directiva 89/336/CEE na sua
versão corrigida pela directiva 93/68/CEE.
Este aparato satisface las exigencias de la Directiva 89/336/CEE, modificada por
medio de la 93/68/CEE.
Denna utrustning uppfyller kraven enligt riktlinjen 89/336/EEC så som
kompletteras av 93/68/EEC.
Dette produktet oppfyller betingelsene i direktivet 89/336/EEC i endringen 93/68/
EEC.
Tämä laite täyttää direktiivin 89/336/EEC vaatimukset, jota on muutettu
direktiivillä 93/68/EEC.
In Canada: Au Canada:
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-
003 du Canada.
NOTE: FOR NETHERLANDS ONLY

EL-9900
®
MODEL
EL-9900
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
OPERATION MANUAL
SHARP CORPORATION
02CGK(TINSE0511EHZZ)
PRINTED IN CHINA/IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE/IMPRESO EN CHINA
®

Sharp EL9900 en

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EL-9900

Tested To Comply With FCC Standards

FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE

FOR YOUR RECORDS...

• Large memory capacity, with fast processing speed, and more.

Advanced Mode (Default mode)

3. Complex number calculation ........................................................................ 245

Caring for Your Calculator

2. Insert the batteries, as

3. Pull off the insulation sheet

2. Adjust the contrast by using the + and - keys.

Turning the Press @ o to turn the calculator off.

Using the Hard Cover

When not in use:

Part Names and Functions

Y: Opens the formula input screen for drawing graphs.

Basic keyboard Advanced keyboard

Basic Operation keys

E: Used when executing calculations or specifying commands.

M: Enter the Math menu with additional mathematical functions.

Advanced Mode specific keys

Scientific Calculation keys (See each chapter for details.)

Advanced Mode specific keys

Basic Key Operations

Changing the Keyboard

To change the 1. Press @ o to turn off the calculator’s power.

Quick Run-through: Basic Mode

Question If you make 60 doughnuts according to the above recipe,

Set up the 1. Press # to enter the

Enter fractions 3. Press 3 b 4 '.

6. Press @ b |, or directly | (multiplication).

“Ans×” is displayed. ANS is a calculator specific variable which

On the Basic Mode, you can toggle between decimal values,

Change answer 1. Press @ ;.

2. Select F ANSWER and

How to switch the keyboard

Basic Key Operations - Standard Calculation Keys

Number entry Example

Entering a The negative number key _ can be used to enter numbers,

2. Performing standard math calculations

Using With the ( and ) keys, parentheses (round brackets)

Mode Symbol Remarks

* See page 26 for details.

Cursor naviga- Use ; ' { } to move the cursor around, and

Second Function Key

Entering one Example

2. To enter “A”, press A;

3. Press A to call “A” at the

Entering 1 or To type more than one alphabet character, use @ then A

Math Function Keys

Math Function keys for the

/ Converts a number to a mixed fraction, if possible

< Converts a number to an improper fraction

> Converts a number to decimal form

i Gives an answer in quotient and remainder

% Specifies a percentage number

x Enters an variable “x” at the cursor

Math Function keys for the

s Enters a sine function at the cursor

s Enters an arc sine function at the cursor

c Enters a cosine function at the cursor

c Enters an arc cosine function at the cursor