Introduction

The experiment examines two models of a three phase induction motor. Analyses of the motor
on the effect of varying load torque on the speed and moment developed is done. The saviour
of the motor when the supply is suddenly cut-off is also checked. The effect of additional
resistance on the speed and electromagnetic moment is analysed. Graphical observations of the
motor speed and torque changes as function of time are included.

The start of the induction motor (speed and torque) at different loads with torque Mz

Table 1: Params of motor

Mz 0.0 0.1MN 0.2MN 0.3MN 0.4MN 0.5MN 0.6MN 0.7MN

tstart 2.2 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.4 4.2 5.1 8.2
Ωstable 104.65 104.12 103.55 103.01 102.43 101.83 101.22 100.56
Mestable 0.0 1.62 3.25 4.87 6.49 8.11 9.73 11.35

The moment produced by the motor increasing as the load torque increases. When the motor
is at no load or load torque is zero, the motor speed stabilizes at synchronous speed and a zero
moment is developed. The speed of the motor reduces as the load torque increases. This is
because the increasing load torque opposes the motor rotation. Reduced speed results to
increased generated motor moment. The start-up time increases with increasing load torque.
 Mz = 0 Mz = 0.1MN
Moment Speed Moment Speed

Mz = 0.2MN Mz = 0.3MN
Moment Speed Moment Speed

Mz = 0.4MN Mz = 0.5MN
Moment Speed Moment Speed

Mz = 0.6MN
Moment Speed
 Mz = 0.7MN
Moment Speed

Changes in engine speed when the load torque Mz changes

Table 2: Changes in engine speed when the load torque Mz changes
Mz 0 0.1Mmax 0.2Mmax 0.3Mmax 0.4Mmax

Ωstable 104.66 104.13 103.58 103.02 102.45

Slip s 0 0.53 1.08 1.64 2.21

Mz 0.5Mmax 0.6Mmax 0.7Mmax 0.8Mmax 0.9Mmax Mmax

Ωstable 101.85 101.22 100.57 99.88 99.15 98.36

 Slip s 2.81 3.44 4.09 4.78 5.51 6.3

Slip speed is the difference between the synchronous speed and the actual speed of the motor.
Synchronous speed is achieved when the motor is at no load, which is 104.66 rads/2 in this
case. The slip speed increases with increasing load torque to the motor. This is because an
increasing load reduces the actual motor speed.

Engine speed
Mz = 0.0Mmax Mz = 0.1Mmax

Engine speed
Mz = 0.2Mmax Mz = 0.3Mmax
 Engine speed
Mz = 0.4Mmax Mz = 0.5Mmax

Engine speed
Mz = 0.6Mmax Mz = 0.7Mmax
Mz = 0.8Mmax Mz = 0.9Mmax

Engine speed
Mz = Mmax
Behaviour of the motor when the supply voltage is turned off (decreasing the supply
voltage to zero at the unchanged resistance value) at different motor loading times.

Mz = 0.0MN
Moment Speed

Mz = 0.5MN
Moment Speed

Mz = 1MN
Moment Speed
 Mz = 2MN
Moment Speed

The motor speed reduces when the supply voltage is decreased to zero. The rate at which the
motor speed reduces towards zero is inversely proportional to the load torque applied to the
motor. At large magnitudes of the load torque exceeding the rated torque overloads the motor
and causes it to stall even when the supply voltage in present.

The motor starting under load Mz = 20Nm by activating the additional resistance in the
rotor circuit

Rr = 1
Moment Mstable=20 Speed Ωstable=96.24
 Rr = 2
Moment Mstable=20 Speed Ωstable=87.81

Rr = 3
Moment Mstable=20.00 Speed Ωstable=79.35

Rr = 4
Moment Mstable=20.00 Speed Ωstable=79.93
 Rr = 5
Moment Mstable=20.00 Speed Ωstable=62.48

Rr = 6
Moment Mstable=20.00 Speed Ωstable=54.02

The motor torque remains constant while the stable speed reduces as the additional resistance
is increased. Values of additional resistance beyond 3 tend to destabilize the motor.

Conclusion

During the operation of the motor load torque opposes the torque generated by the motor. The
torque generated by the motor is force difference between the stator and rotor magnetic fields.
At no load, the speed of the rotor increases until it matches the magnetic speed of the stator and
become synchronised, hence the name synchronous speed. At this speed the motor generates
zero torque. A load torque causes the rotor speed to slow which results to a large slip speed.
The torque generated by the motor is directly proportional to the slip speed.
An induction motor tends maintain a speed close to its synchronous speed even at rated loads.
In DC motor decreases with increasing load torque. Therefore induction motors are best used
as nearly constant speed motors.