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© 2019 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.
Inspired by the past. Leading into the future.
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International Edition
Volume 79, Number 1
Celebrating 60 Years of Trends, Tools, and Technology
26
every year since 2016. The year 2018, for its part, is likely to close with
over $85 billion of greenfield project commitments.
Offshore® (ISSN 0030-0608). Offshore is published 12 times a year, monthly, by PennWell® Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan, Tulsa, OK 74112. Periodicals postage paid at Tulsa, OK 74112 and
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CONTENTS
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
COVER: This year is shaping up to be a good one in the US Corrosion management critical to
Gulf of Mexico, with the first increase in drilling in four years; first-ever long life of offshore assets................76
production from a Jurassic play; key new project sanctions; and an
uptick in M&A all in the cards, according to a recent report from Wood
Early detection and treatment of corrosion
Mackenzie. The firm projects that the new year could usher in more can help the optimize safety, life cycle cost
than $10 billion of investment into the region, setting the stage for and uptime of new and converted offshore
years to come. One major Gulf of Mexico project that came online in facilities. However, life-cycle cost approaches
November was Chevron’s Big Foot project (cover photo), which uses must align with the differing commercial driv-
a 15-slot drilling and production tension-leg platform, said to be the ers for the project and operational teams.
deepest of its kind in the world. (Photo courtesy Chevron)
Virtual reality provides springboard
GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS for rebounding offshore capital ....... 79
Multi-client surveys highlight opportunities offshore Africa .................................. 53 Digitalization has emerged as a powerful lever
In today’s economic climate, large multi-client surveys are becoming increasingly popular for for helping oil and gas operators reduce costs
both exploration and development teams. Since costs can be shared and larger surveys ac- and improve efficiencies amid the low-price
quired for a better overall view of the prospect, they provide a cost-effective means of acquiring environment. This is particularly the case in
high-quality data. the offshore sector, where long development
cycles, high capex and opex, and added safety
Exploration returning offshore Mozambique with prospect of oil risks present unique challenges that are often
in emerging plays ......................................................................................................... 57 not encountered in onshore projects. Apply-
Recent analysis of sea surface oil slicks and new 2D seismic data suggest the elements are in place ing technologies such as virtual reality and
for a major offshore oil play in the Mozambique Channel and East Zambezi basin. Mozambique’s digital twins can unlock value and savings.
government hopes to generate a similar level of exploration in these areas to the drilling
campaigns farther north that led to various giant deepwater gas discoveries. EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING
UAVs bring offshore inspection into
the digital age..................................... 82
DRILLING & COMPLETION
Industry advances managed pressure drilling solutions ....................................... 61 Anti-Two Block system reduces risk
Oilfield equipment providers and downhole service firms are raising the bar for managed pres- of dropped loads ............................... 83
sure drilling technologies and systems. These new technologies will be of considerable interest
to offshore operators and drilling contractors as they face increasingly challenging deepwater Clock Spring introduces zero-
reservoirs. emission gasket................................. 84
Artificial intelligence improves real-time drilling data analysis ............................. 63
Mobile command center enhances
Well delivery may be the mother of all exploration processes. Since Colonel Drake’s first commer-
inspection capabilities ...................... 84
cial oil well in Pennsylvania 150 years ago, drilling has been one of the most critical and costly
exploration and production activities. Today, artificial intelligence is making a difference in a Wide-ranging environmental factors
discipline looking for major improvement. impact offshore moorings design ... 85
OCTG workover risers in deepwater: An alternative solution to drill pipe ........... 66
Remote metrology now available ‘on
Designing a pipe and connection for the highly critical workover/completion/landing riser harsh
demand’ .............................................. 86
environment involves satisfying both difficult service conditions and stringent ruling standards.
A new high-performance threaded and coupled riser connection allowed for a solution able to
meet both the difficult environment of 25 M&Bs in a NACE region 3 environment with 15,000 psi
working pressure as well as allow for a lower cost versus drill pipe style.
DEPARTMENTS
ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, & INSTALLATION Online ...................................... 8
Disconnectable transfers critical to drilling vessel conversions ........................... 70 Comment ................................. 10
Converting a drillship to an FPSO can be more cost-effective than building a newbuild floating Data ....................................... 12
or fixed platform for marginal fields or for early production purposes. Disconnectable transfer Global E&P ............................... 13
systems are a necessity for projects in harsh offshore environments. Offshore Europe ......................... 15
Gulf of Mexico........................... 16
Integrated supplier-led solution improves deepwater project economics ........... 72 Subsea Systems ......................... 17
In the industry’s quest to maintain profitable oil and gas developments, adopting an integrated Vessels, Rigs, & Surface Systems ... 18
supplier-led solution (SLS) is becoming a key component. It introduces opportunities to provide Drilling & Production................... 20
a more open approach to the design and engineering process and more access to information Offshore Wind Energy .................. 22
about the reservoir. Adopting an integrated SLS approach also enables comparison of various Business Briefs ....................... 101
concepts and optimizations not only in terms of cost, but also the production and revenue a Advertisers’ Index .................... 103
concept will deliver. Beyond the Horizon ................... 104
Learn more at
bhge.com/subsea-connect
1901OFF04-07.indd
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ONLINE
successfully been re-engineered and restructured to succeed in today’s marketplace, EDITORIAL CREATIVE DIRECTOR
Jason Blair
and will the describe the new technologies and engineering methods that have
PRODUCTION MANAGER
enabled these projects to move forward. Shirley Gamboa shirleyg@pennwell.com
https://www.offshore-mag.com/webcasts/offshore/2019/01/top-offshore-projects-leading-strat-
MARKETING MANAGER
egies-in-capital-efficiency.html Myla Lowrance mylal@pennwell.com
NEW MAPS, POSTERS, AND SURVEYS AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT MANAGER
• 2019 Status of US Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Discoveries Emily Martin emilym@pennwell.com
• 2019 Gulf of Mexico Map
OFFSHORE EVENTS
• 2018 Environmental Drilling and Completion Fluids Survey David Paganie (Houston) davidp@pennwell.com
• 2018 Worldwide Survey of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Units Gail Killough (Houston) gailk@pennwell.com
• 2018 MWD/LWD Services Directory
• 2018 World Survey of Stimulation Vessels
• 2018 Offshore Mexico Map www.pennwell.com
• 2018 Deepwater Solutions & Records For Concept Selection
OFFSHORE
https://www.offshore-mag.com/surveys.html 1455 West Loop South, Suite 400,
NEW SUPPLEMENTS Houston, TX 77027 U.S.A.
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FINAL.pdf
CORPORATE OFFICERS
National Ocean Industries Association Supplement PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER:
https://www.offshore-mag.com/content/dam/offshore/print-articles/Volume-78/04/ Mark C. Wilmoth
OFF1805NOIASupp_Web.pdf
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT,
French Supplement CORPORATE DEVELOPMENT AND STRATEGY:
https://www.offshore-mag.com/content/dam/offshore/print-articles/Volume-78/04/ Jayne A. Gilsinger
OFF1805FrenchSuppWeb.pdf CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER PENNWELL MEDIA:
NEW VIDEO WHITE PAPER Robert Brighouse
durable equipment requires considerable expertise. With so many production pro- OFFSHORE
P.O. Box 47570
cesses involving a multitude of pumps, turbines and motors, it is critical to have a Plymouth, MN 55447
well-developed asset management system to reduce the amount of reactive main- Tel: (800) 869-6882 • Fax: (866) 658-6156
International Callers: +1 512-982-4277
tenance on a platform. This white paper, sponsored by Sulzer, highlights potential Email: os@kmpsgroup.com
proactive solutions for prevention. CUSTOM PUBLISHING
https://www.offshore-mag.com/whitepapers/offshore/2018/04/the-challenges-of- Roy Markum roym@pennwell.com
maintaining-equipment-on-offshore-platforms.html Tel: (713) 963-6220
SUBMIT AN ARTICLE REPRINT SALES
Rusty Vanderpool rustyv@pennwell.com
Offshore magazine accepts editorial contributions. To submit an article, please review Tel: (918) 831-9144
the guidelines posted on our website by following this link.
www.offshore-mag.com/index/about-us/article-submission.html
1901OFF08-23.indd
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• COMMENT
A NEW OFFSHORE is taking shape. Offshore oil Global Floating Production Industry Survey, produced last year in
and gas exploration and production activity appears partnership with Offshore. More than 50% of the respondents ex-
to be on pace for steady, incremental growth for pressed positive sentiment in the market outlook. The percentage
the foreseeable future as operators seem intent to of respondents who are highly confident rose from 10% last year
sustain capital discipline. Meanwhile, offshore wind to 23% this year. Geographically, Brazil and West Africa ranked as
development activity is set to accelerate as demand the top two growth regions. Another notable finding of the survey
increases for renewable power generation. is the type of technology that is expected to have the greatest
impact on the offshore industry. The results were unmanned
OIL SUPPORTS WIND production facilities and long-distance subsea tiebacks as a close
Offshore readers may know that oil and gas industry companies first and second. See the full survey results and five-year floating
have played an integral role in developing the offshore wind industry production forecast, by David Boggs, EMA, beginning on page 37.
in Europe. A similar transfer of skills, knowledge, and financial
resources is well under way in the US, as states, mainly on the East TOP PROJECTS DELIVER CAPITAL EFFICIENCY
Coast, seek to increase the percentage share of renewables in their Also inside this issue, Offshore presents the recipients of the annual
energy mix. Energy companies with roots in oil and gas, such as Top Offshore Projects award. The projects were once again selected
Equinor and Shell, are taking the lead. Last month, both Equinor that exhibited leading strategies in capital efficiency. The winners
and Mayflower Wind Energy (50:50 JV between Shell New Energies also displayed a commitment to technological innovation while
US LLC and EDPR Offshore North America LLC), won rights to pushing the boundaries of upstream development. The winners
leases in federal waters off Massachusetts for $135 million. The in no particular order are: Shell-operated Kaikias in the US Gulf of
other lease in the BOEM auction was sold to Vineyard Wind for Mexico, Equinor-operated Aasta Hansteen in the Norwegian North
$135.1 million. In 2017, Equinor won a lease for $42 million off New Sea, and BP-operated Shah Deniz 2 in the Caspian Sea. The project
York. The three lease areas off Massachusetts that were sold for reports begin on page 24. A special webcast presentation of the
$405.1 million, were previously auctioned as two leases in 2015 and award-winning projects will be available at offshore-mag.com.
drew no interest – a clear sign of developer confidence in the market All in, the offshore outlook is increasingly optimistic, especially
outlook. Analysts suggest that there are firm plans for almost 10 for the companies that can develop and support both offshore
GW of offshore wind for the US which could require about $50 conventional and renewable resources. Offshore is committed to
billion in capex to bring this new capacity online, according to keeping readers informed of the latest developments in offshore
Stephanie McClellan, University of Delaware. See Stephanie’s US renewables. Industry news will be posted daily to the magazine
offshore wind market outlook beginning on page 41. website and beginning with this issue, a front-of-book column will
cover the latest technology and trends in offshore wind. Readers
GREENFIELD SANCTIONING IMPROVES SENTIMENT can expect the same editorial commitment to timely market in-
Still, the oil companies that are engaged in the energy transition telligence, news, executive interviews, and in-depth analysis that
will continue to allocate the bulk of their capital to oil and gas Offshore has produced for the oil and gas industry for over six
development. The focus offshore will continue to be on brownfield decades. Another new feature that Offshore is rolling out is an
developments, but greenfield activity is making a comeback as enhanced magazine layout to improve readability in print and
development costs remain low. Last year was expected to close digital format. Readers may notice some minor tweaks to the new
with over $85 billion in greenfield sanctions, according to Oddmund design throughout the year, and comments are welcome. Happy
Føre, Rystad Energy. This is a 25% increase over 2017 commitments. New Year!
Looking ahead, Rystad forecasts an average of $100 billion in project
sanctions over the next three years. And an increasing share of the
capital will be allocated to shallow water developments from
smaller operators. Oddmund’s global offshore spending outlook
begins on page XX.
A beneficiary of this trend in greenfield sanctioning are the
floating production system contractors. The companies in this To respond to articles in Offshore, or to offer articles for publication,
market segment are gaining confidence, according to EMA’s annual contact the editor by email (davidp@pennwell.com).
1,200
MINISTERS, PRESIDENTS, &
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STRATEGIC
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1901OFF08-23.indd 111
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DATA F1: WORLDWIDE OFFSHORE RIG COUNT AND UTILIZATION RATE
DECEMBER 2016 – NOVEMBER 2018
1,000 100
Worldwide offshore rig
count and utilization rate 900 90
The month of November saw very few
changes in the offshore rig market with 800 80
Number of rigs
total number of jackups, semis, and drill-
700 70
ships under contract held steady at 433
rigs, which is the same as October. Mean-
while, only one rig has been removed from 600 60
the global fleet, taking the total supply to
a total of 767. As a result, rig utilization re- 500 50
mained effectively the same at 56.4% in
November. Nearly the same can be said 400 40
for the number of rigs working, which had a
one-unit decline this month to a total of 400.
300 30
Dec. Feb. Apr. Jun. Aug. Oct. Dec. Feb. Apr. Jun. Aug. Oct.
– Justin Smith, Petrodata by IHS Markit 2016 2017 2018
Apr.
June
Aug.
Oct.
Dec.
Feb.
Apr.
June
Aug.
Oct.
Dec.
Feb.
Apr.
June
Aug.
Oct.
Dec.
cuts by OPEC and Russia are extended
through 2019, the market can balance. 2016 2017 2018 2019
*Production target if only including the target cuts (–800,000 bpd) for the non-exempt countries (’OPEC-11’) including a 400,000
bpd cut for Saudi Arabia.
Source: Rystad Energy research and analysis, OilMarketCube December 2018. Oil Market Balances Report November 2018
Subsea vessel/equipment
F3: GLOBAL SUBSEA VESSEL OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
spending set to rise
Westwood forecasts total subsea vessel EXPENDITURE AND VESSEL DAY DEMAND, 2014-23
operations and hardware expenditure 50 100
Hardware - line pipe Vessel ops expenditure
globally of $152 billion during 2019-2023,
45 Hardware - SURF Vessel day demand 90
in a new report. Over the forecast period, Hardware - XT + TMFJ
subsea hardware will account for 64% 40 80
($97.6 billion) of expenditure, with subsea
Vesl days (thousands)
35 70
Expenditure ($bn)
NORTH AMERICA (355-km) Rota 3 gas export pipeline system, also in the presalt
The US’ Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) has Santos basin. The nearshore section will connect to the line’s
conditionally approved what would be Alaska’s first oil and gas onshore segment at Maricá City, 62 mi (100 km) north of Rio
development in federal waters. Hilcorp Alaska plans to construct de Janeiro.
a 9-acre (3.6-ha) gravel island in shallow water in the Beaufort ***
Sea, 5 mi (8 km) offshore and 20 mi (32 km) east of Prudhoe Guyana’s government has approved Total’s farm-in to 25% of
Bay. The approval terms include drilling into the hydrocar- the offshore Orinduik block, where drilling is due to start next
bon-bearing zone solely in solid ice conditions, and seasonal year. Total committed to join existing partners Tullow Oil and
restrictions on offshore work and vessel traffic to limit the Eco Atlantic are analyzing processed data from a recent 2,550-
impact on local whaling activities. sq km (984-sq mi) 3D survey over the concession. Tullow will
*** remain as operator.
Four companies applied successfully for offshore exploration ExxonMobil has contracted TechnipFMC to engineer and
licenses under the 2018 bid rounds staged by the Canada-New- manufacture subsea production equipment for the Liza Phase
foundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (C-NLOPB). 2 project in Guyana’s deepwater Stabroek block. The delivery
BHP secured outright control of two parcels in the frontier will include 30 enhanced vertical deepwater trees, eight man-
Eastern Newfoundland region, while Equinor will operate two ifolds and associated controls and tooling. The project’s location
more in separate partnerships. Suncor Energy and Husky Oil is 193 km (120 mi) offshore in water depths of 1,500-1,900 m
will join Equinor in another parcel in the Jeanne d’Arc region. (4,900-6,200 ft).
Sums pledged for the licenses’ initial periods totalled over $1.38 ***
billion. Premier Oil has awarded Dril-Quip (Europe) a front-end engi-
*** neering design (FEED) contract and frame agreement to provide
BP terminated its frontier Aspy exploration well offshore up to 30 subsea production systems for Phase 1 of the Sea Lion
Nova Scotia last month as a dry hole, five months after the development in the North Falkland basin. The $207-million
semisub West Aquarius had started drilling operations at the order covers wellheads, horizontal trees, tubing hangers, pro-
location 330 km (205 mi) southeast of Halifax in 2,777 m (9,111 duction and injection manaifolds and subsea umbilicals. A
ft) of water. The program had been interrupted twice, initially formal award will follow a final investment decision (FID) for
due to a leak of synthetic-based mud 30 m (99.4 ft) below the the project, expected in 2019.
sea surface, and later when a severe storm approached. Drilling
had resumed in late July through a side track from the wellhead, WEST AFRICA
with the lower section of the original wellbore cemented and Cairn Energy has submitted the development plan for the
plugged. deepwater SNE oilfield offshore Senegal and expects government
approval before year-end. Woodside Energy will become oper-
SOUTH AMERICA ator of the 500-MMbbl, phased development, which will even-
Oil and gas production has started from the Lula Extremo Sul tually produce 100,000 b/d. First oil through an FPSO with
area in the presalt Santos basin offshore Brazil, via the FPSO subsea wells is targeted for 2022, with commercial gas sales to
P-69. This is the eighth floater on the field and moored in 2,150 Senegal to follow shortly afterwards.
m (7,054 ft) of water, 290 km (180 mi) from the Rio de Janeiro ***
state coast. The facility, which will be connected to eight pro- FEED for Phase 1 of the ultra-deepwater Tortue field LNG de-
ducer and seven injectors, has capacity to process up to 150,000 velopment off Senegal/Mauritania is nearing completion, ac-
b/d of oil and to compress up to 6 MMcm/d of gas. cording to partner Kosmos Energy. Operator BP has submitted
Petrobras has contracted McDermott to design and install the its development plan to the governments of both countries and
ultra-shallow water 6-mi (10-km) section of the new 220-mi a Phase 1 FID should follow around year-end. In parallel, the
partners are progressing the LNG offtake agreement.
***
The drillship Stena DrillMax was due to P&A Samo-1, the first
exploratory well offshore The Gambia for around four decades.
Although the well in block A2 encountered oil shows, the main
target horizons were water-bearing. The government has agreed
to extend the license to mid-2019 to allow operator FAR and
partner Petronas to assess remaining prospectivity in the area.
P-69 recently started
operations on the ***
Lula field. (Courtesy Petrobras is selling its 50% interest in Petrobras Oil & Gas BV,
Petrobras) a joint venture with BTG Pactual E&P, to Petrovida Holdings
for up to $1.53 billion. The latter is co-owned by Vitol Investment
Partnership II, Africa Oil and Delonex Energy. The sale includes the block’s existing production infrastructure.
an 8% stake in the OML 127 block offshore Nigeria containing ***
the deepwater Agbani oilfield and a 16% share of the OML 130 Shell and Kosmos Energy have formed a strategic alliance to
block, the location for the Akpo and Egina fields. Petrobras’ net jointly explore in southern West Africa. Their initial focus will
share of production from these fields is around 21,000 boe/d. be off Namibia, where Kosmos recently farmed into Shell’s PEL
*** 39 license, and off São Tomé & Principe where Shell is set to
Gabon’s Minister of Oil and Hydrocarbons has opened the farm into Kosmos’ blocks 5, 6, 11 and 12. The duo will also assess
country’s 12th Shallow and Deep Water licensing round, covering opportunities in adjacent geographies, combining Shell’s knowl-
12 shallow and 23 deepwater blocks. The government has revised edge of carbonate plays with Kosmos’ West Africa Cretaceous
its petroleum code to prioritize competitiveness and to accom- experience.
modate oil price fluctuations, with improved fiscal terms. Bids UK independent Tower Resources has signed a petroleum
are due in by April 22, 2019 with awards expected the following agreement with Namibia’s government giving it an 80% operated
month. Spectrum Geo has assembled data-sets for the round interest in offshore blocks 1910A, 1911 and 1912 B, in partnership
based on newly acquired shallow-water 3D seismic surveys. with Namcor and 2M Fourteen Investment CC. The agreement
*** covers a total area of 23,297 sq km (8,995 sq mi) in the little
Total and its partners have sanctioned two new fasttrack subsea explored northern Walvis basin and Dolphin Graben.
developments in the prolific deepwater block 17 offshore Angola.
CLOV Phase 2 calls for seven new wells tied back to the host MEDITERRANEAN SEA
FPSO with first oil set for 2020, peaking at 40,000 b/d. Six more Israel’s Energy Ministry has opened the country’s latest bid
wells will be drilled under Dalia Phase 3, again connected to round for exploration and production of gas in the eastern
the host floater, with oil production starting in 2021 and building Mediterranean Sea. Nineteen blocks are on offer in five zones
to a peak of 30,000 b/d. These two projects and the current off southern Israel: the Ministry believes that marketing the
Zinia 2 development will collectively produce a further 150 blocks in zones should attract greater interest, allowing investors
MMbbl from the block. to conduct more efficient subsurface evaluation.
Angola’s government has expanded offshore block 15/06 by TechnipFMC has contracted Jumbo to transport and install a
400 sq km (154 sq mi) on the west side, with Eni and partner 410-t subsea production manifold for Noble Energy’s Leviathan
Sonangol committed to accelerating exploration via a new gas project offshore Israel. Water depth at the location is 1,643
four-well campaign. If this leads to commercial discoveries, m (5,390 ft) – Jumbo will also install subsea isolation valves and
these will be developed as fasttrack subsea tiebacks through valve skids in shallower water close to the coast.
TROLL LEADS NORTH SEA UPGRADES mission of gas from eastern Denmark through the Baltic Sea to
Equinor has initiated life extension programs at three of its Poland. Norwegian trunklines operator Gassco will be respon-
largest fields in the North Sea. Work is already under way on sible for the tie-ins – Baltic Pipe will have an overall length of
the NOK7.8-billion ($913-million) Troll Phase 3 development 900 km (559 mi) and will also cross part of Sweden.
following sanction by Norway’s Ministry of Petroleum and In the UK central North Sea, Shell and partners ExxonMobil
Energy. The project involves recovering gas from the western and BP plan a new pipeline export route for gas-liquids pro-
part of the Troll field, 25 km (15.5 mi) northwest of the Troll A duction from the fixed platform serving the HP/HT Shearwater
platform, via eight new production wells connected to two field and various Shell/third-party-operated satellite tiebacks
subsea templates, a 36-in. pipeline and a new processing module sanctioned over the past year. At present, dry gas produced by
on Troll A and powered from the shore. The facilities should the platform, 140 mi (225 km) east of Aberdeen, flows south
prolong the field’s productive lifespan beyond 2050: Equinor through the Shearwater Elgin Area Line (SEAL) to the Bacton
believes this could be one of its most profitable offshore invest- terminal in eastern England. Under the new scheme, Shell will
ments to date, with a projected breakeven cost of less than $10/ modify the platform and install a new 23-mi (37-km) line from
bbl. Subsea contracts have gone out so far to Allseas, DeepOcean, a connection point in the Fulmar Gas Line system to Shearwater.
IKM, Marubeni and Nexans, with Aker Solutions responsible This will allow wet gas to flow into the Shell Esso Gas and
for the topsides campaign. Associated Liquids pipeline to St Fergus, near Aberdeen. SEAL
will continue to transport gas from the HP/HT Elgin field for
processing at Bacon.
In the UK’s southern gas basin, production from INEOS’
unmanned Clipper South platform has begun heading through
another new pipeline to Shell’s Clipper hub in the Sole Pit area.
US GULF OF MEXICO POISED FOR HISTORIC YEAR, “Anchor will be an important one to watch,” said Turner. “The
SAYS WOODMAC sanction of Anchor will be a significant milestone for Chevron,
Next year is shaping up to be a good one in the US Gulf of Total and Venari, but also mark a crucial point for the offshore
Mexico, with the first increase in drilling in four years, first-ever industry as it enters the final frontier in deepwater
production from a Jurassic play, key new project sanctions and development.”
an uptick in M&A all in the cards, global natural resources Success at Anchor will lead to the next wave of mega-invest-
consultancy Wood Mackenzie said. ment in the Gulf of Mexico, as several 20-ksi projects are waiting
William Turner, senior research analyst at Wood Mackenzie, to follow its lead. Wood Mackenzie believes that if Anchor
said: “We expect 2019 to be a strong year for the Gulf of Mexico. moves forward, more than $10 billion of investment could flow
In addition to exciting new project sanctions, which could usher into the region.
in more than $10 billion of investment into the region, a couple “Proof of concept at Anchor, and more certainty around
of historic firsts set to occur next year could set the stage for facilities to serve as hosts, will surely increase interest in dis-
years to come.” covered fields,” Turner said. “We expect it will also invite more
In its annual outlook, “US Gulf of Mexico: 5 things to look exploration for ultra-high-pressure targets over the next couple
for in 2019,” WoodMac said that after four years of steady decline, of years. Even so, with higher technical risk and higher breakev-
exploration activity is expected to increase next year by 30%. ens, market conditions would have to align for it to become a
Shell and Chevron will lead the way, but the actual growth in reality.”
exploration will come from new entrants – Kosmos Energy, Shell’s Appomattox development, in Mississippi Canyon
Equinor, Total, Murphy, and Fieldwood. block 392, is due onstream in 2019 – marking the first production
Next year may also mark a crucial point for the offshore ever from a Jurassic reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico. This will
industry, with Chevron’s Anchor project in Green Canyon block be a significant milestone for Shell, as Appomattox is a corner-
807 expected to move forward. Anchor, which has an operating stone of its global deepwater strategy. All eyes will be on the
pressure of 20-ksi, would be the first ultra-high-pressure project well performance of the potential heavy hitter.
in the world to reach final investment decision (FID). FID at “If the Jurassic roars to life in 2019, it could give operators
Anchor would be the culmination of more than a decade of greater confidence in the play’s potential,” Turner said. “However,
multiple joint industry research and development projects to if Appomattox disappoints, the Jurassic could continue to lie
design kit that can safely produce at 20-ksi. The current limit dormant. The wider region would also be missing an expected
is 15-ksi. strong production growth contributor.” •
SUBSEA INTEGRATION ALLIANCE NETS system that includes cloud-based user dashboards and data
SNE PHASE 1 FEED CONTRACT analytics.
Woodside Energy and its partners have agreed to initiate front- According to Siemens, the technology will enable subsea
end engineering design (FEED) for the deepwater SNE oil field processing with multiple seabed power consumers. Potential
development offshore Senegal. This follows the award of the applications include support for enhanced recovery in subsea
subsea FEED contract for Phase 1 of the project to the Subsea brownfield projects and tiebacks, with single- or multi-phase
Integration Alliance of OneSubsea, a Schlumberger company boosting to increase oil recovery.
and Subsea 7. During the initial test phase at Siemens’ test site in Trond-
Woodside, recently approved to assume the role of operator heim, the system operated in a ring loop topology at full load
by the Senegalese Minister of Petroleum, expects further FEED and a test/verification program was run. Initial test results were
contracts to follow in early 2019. positive with all components operating within their design
SNE will produce through a 100,000 b/d-capacity FPSO and parameters. The next phase will involve an extended shal-
subsea infrastructure, with the facilities designed to accommo- low-water test to build operational experience and verify long-
date future development phases, including options for gas term reliability. Siemens’ goal is to accumulate 3,000 hours of
exports to shore and subsea tiebacks from other reservoirs and runtime on the equipment while undertaking further tests.
fields. Phase 1 will target around 230 MMbbl of oil with 11 In parallel, preparations are progressing for a deepwater pilot
producing wells, 10 water injectors and two gas injectors. Start- program under which the equipment will be installed and used
up should follow in 2022. on a subsea field.
DAMEN VEROLME ROTTERDAM wind farms, to service the oil and gas industry, and for the
UPGRADING SAIPEM 7000 decommissioning of offshore installations.
Saipem has contracted Damen Verolme Rotterdam (DVR) to With a total installed capacity of 44,180 kW, the Orion will
upgrade the Saipem 7000’s DP-3 system. be equipped with a Liebherr crane with a lifting capacity of
The upgrade is to meet the new closed ring DP-3 configura- 5,000 metric tons. The loads can be lifted to a height of more
tion and ABS EHS-P notation. Under DP3 EHS-P notation, the than 170 m (558 ft).
vessel is said to achieve an exceptional level of redundancy with The 216.5-m (710.3-ft) long vessel will feature DP-3 capability,
four independent redundancy groups systems. dual fuel engines, and will have a Green Passport and Clean
The project will include the upgrade and modification of the Design notation. It will also have a waste heat recovery system
semisubmersible crane and pipelay vessel’s power system for that converts heat from the exhaust gasses and cooling water
load sharing, the installation of MV, LV and control cables, re- to electrical energy. The evaporation of LNG will cool the ac-
newal of the MV and LV switchboards and the motor control commodation with a cold recovery system.
The Orion is expected to join the fleet at the end of the year.
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION VESSEL LAUNCHED IN CHINA in the basin for years to come.”
DEME’s offshore installation vessel Orion was successfully The platform will be the first new BP-operated production
launched at the COSCO Qidong shipyard in China. The Orion facility in the Gulf of Mexico since 2008, when Thunder Horse
will feature a combination of high transport and load capacity, came online. It will be the company’s fifth operated platform
in your a
lifting heights, and green technology. in the Gulf of Mexico and it will help extend the life of the su-
The vessel will be deployed for the construction of offshore per-giant Mad Dog oil field beyond 2050. •
This is why
level matters.
In the world of offshore, there are no excuses. Production
has to keep flowing and so does information. Every rig
must stay in compliance. That’s why Magnetrol® matters.
We have the deepest experience in your applications and the
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See how to optimize your applications
©2019 Magnetrol International, Inc. at magnetrol.com
1901OFF08-23.indd1 19
MagInt_OS_1901 1/4/19 10:35
12/21/18 4:27 PM
AM
BRUCE BEAUBOUEF
• DRILLING & PRODUCTION HOUSTON
62
60 tion-sharing contract followed three months later. To date it
45
40
has drilled five successful wells in the concession, which is
estimated to hold in-place resources of 2.1 Bboe in the Amoca,
20 Miztón and Tecoalli fields.
0
Recently, Eni took a final investment decision to proceed
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 with the $2-billion development, which will feature an initial
Source: Rystad Energy OFS Sanctioning Report - Oilfield Service Analytics early production phase. This is due to start up in mid-2019
through a wellhead platform on the Miztón field, with pro-
SVERDRUP PROCESS TOPSIDES HEADS TO NORWAY duction heading onshore through a 10-in. multiphase line
The topsides for the Johan Sverdrup processing platform in followed by treatment at an existing Pemex facility.
the Norwegian North Sea is setting sail from the Samsung Eni anticipates an early production plateau of 8,000 b/d;
Heavy Industries yard on Geoje Island, South Korea. full-field production will start in early 2021 through an FPSO
Aker Solutions was responsible for engineering and pro- with a treatment capacity of 90,000 b/d. Two more platforms
curement management for the topsides. According to Johan will be installed on the Amoca Tecoalli fields. Area 1 oil output
Sverdrup operator Equinor, since construction finished in will eventually total 90,000 b/d and 65 MMcf/d from 2021. •
May, there have been numerous tests to ensure the processing
facility is completed to the fullest extent possible prior to
installation next spring at the field location.
LEASE SALE OFFSHORE MASSACHUSETTS YIELDS and members of the Massachusetts Renewable Energy Task
$405 MILLION IN WINNING BIDS Force have been great partners throughout this process. We
In mid-December, the US Department of Interior and the Bureau look forward to working with them and the lessees as we move
of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) completed what it forward with next steps for developing offshore wind energy in
described as the nation’s eighth and highest grossing competitive a responsible manner.”
lease sale for renewable energy in federal waters. Before the lease is executed, the Department of Justice and
The lease sale offered about 390,000 acres offshore Massa- Federal Trade Commission will conduct an anti-competitiveness
chusetts for potential wind energy development and drew review of the auction, and the provisional winner will be required
competitive winning bids from three companies totaling about to pay the winning bid and provide financial assurance to BOEM.
$405 million. If fully developed, the areas could support approx- The lease will have a preliminary term of one year, during
imately 4.1 gigawatts of commercial wind generation, enough which the lessee may submit a site assessment plan (SAP) to
electricity to power nearly 1.5 million homes. BOEM for approval. The SAP will describe the facilities (e.g.,
meteorological towers or buoys) a lessee plans to install or
Provisional winner Lease area Acres Winning bid
deploy for the assessment of the wind resources and ocean
Equinor Wind US, LLC OCS-A 0520 128,811 $135,000,000.00
conditions of its commercial lease area.
Mayflower Wind Energy, LLC OCS-A 0521 127,388 $135,000,000.00
Following approval of an SAP, the lessee will then have four
Vineyard Wind, LLC OCS-A 0522 132,370 $135,000,000.00
and a half years to submit a construction and operations plan
The provisional winners of the lease sale are: (COP) to BOEM for approval. Once BOEM receives a COP, it
The following companies participated in the lease sale: Cobra will conduct an environmental review of the proposed project
Industrial Services, Inc.; East Wind, LLC; EC&R Development, and reasonable alternatives. Public input will be an important
LLC; EDF Renewables Development, Inc.; Equinor Wind US, part of BOEM’s review process. If BOEM approves the COP, the
LLC; Innogy US Renewable Projects, LLC; Mayflower Wind lessee will then have a term of 33 years to construct and operate
Energy, LLC; Northeast Wind Energy, LLC; PNE WIND USA, the project.
Inc.; Vineyard Wind, LLC; and wpd offshore Alpha, LLC. Before this lease sale, the highest grossing offshore wind
The three lease areas auctioned are located 19.8 nautical lease sale in the US was held in December 2016 for the lease
miles from Martha’s Vineyard, 16.7 nautical miles from Nan- area offshore New York. That lease sale received a winning bid
tucket, and 44.5 nautical miles from Block Island. of over $42 million, according to BOEM.
“This auction will further the administration’s comprehensive After this auction, BOEM now has 15 active wind leases. The
effort to secure the nation’s energy future,” said BOEM Acting bureau added that these lease sales have generated more than
Director Cruickshank. “The Commonwealth of Massachusetts $473 million in winning bids for nearly 2 million acres in federal
waters.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
A number of leading oil and gas service companies and man-
ufacturers are gearing up to serve the growing offshore wind
market. A brief survey of some of the now offerings is below.
Wind floater concept wins AIP. SBM Offshore has announced
that its wind floater design, including its mooring system and
featuring a commercially available offshore wind turbine, has
been granted an Approval in Principle (AIP) by classification
society American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).
Based on a TLP concept, SBM says that the wind floater has
been designed for operations across the full life cycle, including
in-place conditions, as well as for wet tow with the turbine
installed and mooring hook-up phase. The approved design has
been developed to a technology maturity level of a front-end
engineering design for all relevant extreme and fatigue load
cases, using detailed wind and metocean conditions for a site
offshore France.
SBM says that the complete design was developed in-house
and in collaboration with its partner, IFP Energies Nouvelles,
The December 2018 lease sale offshore Massachusetts offered using proprietary design tools and the detailed wind turbine
about 390,000 acres for potential wind energy development. model, including the controller.
(Courtesy BOEM) The AIP verifies that the floater is feasible for the intended
NEW CONTRACTS
While oil and gas service companies and OEMs are gearing up
for the offshore wind market, developers are looking to offshore
oil and gas installation contractors to help advance their
projects.
Subsea 7 has announced the award of a contract to Seaway
Offshore Cables (SOC), an entity in Subsea 7’s Renewables and
Heavy Lifting Business Unit, for the Yunlin Offshore Wind Farm
Based on a TLP concept, SBM Offshore says that its wind floater
has been designed for operations across the full life cycle. project by YunNen Wind Power Co. for the supply and instal-
(Courtesy SBM Offshore) lation of the export and inner array grid cable system.
The Yunlin offshore wind farm is located approximately 8
application and, in principle, in compliance with the applicable km off the coast of Yunlin County within the Taiwan Strait on
requirements of the ABS Guide for Building and Classing Floating the west coast of Taiwan and comprises 80 wind turbine gen-
Offshore Wind Turbine Installations and with sound engineering erators each with a capacity of 8 megawatts. In addition to the
practices. submarine cable installation works, SOC will also provide the
SBM says that the independent review supports its confidence pre-installation of horizontal drilling conduits, submarine cable
in its wind floater’s performance, particularly related to its low route surveys, post lay trenching, termination and testing ser-
mass, its minimal seabed footprint and low motions at nacelle vices. Associated materials will be provided including the supply
level. of submarine composite cables and cable protection systems.
Wärtsilä launches SceneScan. This is described as the first Project engineering will commence immediately from SOC
laser sensor developed for offshore wind farm applications offices in Leer, Germany and Taipei, Taiwan. Offshore activities
where the need for installing fixed reflective targets is eliminated. are planned for execution in 2020.
The new technology has been designed to increase safety on- Elsewhere, Nexans has won a multi-million-euro contract
board service operation vessels (SOVs), since vessel positioning for Ørsted’s Borssele 1 and 2 wind farms off the Netherlands
sensors that rely on targets fixed to the structure are often coast. The contract for the 66-kilovolt (kV) submarine inter-array
unreliable because of poor placement, poor quality, and ob- cable with associated accessories is the first to be placed under
scurement by workers on the platform. The SceneScan has been a new five-year framework agreement recently signed by Nexans
designed and developed by Guidance Marine, which was ac- and Ørsted.
quired by Wärtsilä in 2017. According to Wärtsilä, the SceneScan The Netherlands plans to increase its use of renewable energy
Monopole’s software allows for the measurement of range and to represent 14% of its energy mix in 2020 and 16% in 2023.
bearing to the offshore wind turbine, independent of the use of Offshore wind energy is an important part of this transition,
targets and GPS. The technology is said to be highly applicable and a major milestone is expected to be reached in 2020 when
for China’s developing offshore wind market, as well as for North Ørsted brings its Borssele 1 and 2 wind farms online.
Sea wind farms. The first SceneScan Monopole was delivered Nexans is supplying a total length of between 170 km and
in summer 2018 for a Chinese SOV newbuild project carried 190 km of subsea cable rated at a maximum operating voltage
out by GE Power Conversion, a subsidiary of General Electric. of 72.5 kV to provide the inter-array connections between the
The system successfully underwent sea trials earlier this year turbines and the offshore substations.
Borssele 1 and 2 are located around 23 km off the Dutch
coast in 14 to 36 m of water. Together, they will have a total of
94 wind turbines generating 752 megawatt of power, which is
enough electricity to meet the needs of around one million
domestic households.
The array cables will be produced at the Nexans Germany
plant in Hanover for delivery in 2019. After they have been laid
in place on the seabed, Nexans Subsea and Land Systems will
Sea trials for the SceneScan system (a) were successfully carried complete connection to the turbine bases using in-house jointing
out onboard the Windea La Cour (b) earlier this year. (Copyright: expertise in 2020. The cable accessories will be supplied by
Bernhard Schulte) Nexans Euromold facility based in Erembodegem, Belgium. •
AASTA HANSTEEN, which came onstream late last year is completions, and produced gas directed through a new offshore
Norway’s deepest offshore development to date, in nearly 1,300 pipeline north of the Arctic Circle to the existing reception
m (4,265 ft) of water. The location, 186 km (115 mi offshore) in terminal at Nyhmana in mid-Norway. This would also be the
the Norwegian North Sea, and 120 km (75 mi) northwest of the world’s largest spar platform to date, and the first with onboard
Norne FPSO, is one of the harshest for any Norwegian project storage for produced condensates. Norway’s parliament sanc-
to date in terms of waves and weather; during the pre-sanction tioned the development in 2013.
design phase, the area was also remote from offshore export
infrastructure. And there was uncertainty over the long-term FIELD HISTORY
production potential of gas/light oil reserves in the area. The initial development comprised three fields. In 1997, BP
For these and other reasons Equinor (then Statoil) and discovered Luva, since renamed Aasta Hansteen after the Nor-
its partners in license PL 218 opted for Norway’s first single wegian women’s rights campaigner. Nine years later, Equinor
point anchor reservoir (spar) production platform, with subsea became operator of the license by acquiring BP’s 25% interest
platform and SCR/umbilical pull-in/hang-off operations. For pipeline to England via the Sleipner field hub in the North Sea,
these combined programs the company deployed a total of with further export options from Sleipner through the exist-
six vessels, the Seven Oceans, Seven Viking, Havila Subsea, Nor- ing transportation network delivering Norwegian gas to con-
mand Oceanic, Skandi Acergy, and Skandi Skansen. Among the tinental Europe.
contractors assisting these various campaigns, Nautronix was
commissioned to supply a subsea positioning system for the PLATFORM TOW
installations, and BMT the rock dumping to stabilize both the Construction of the platform in Ulsan took 39 months to com-
templates and the infield lines. plete, and shipment to Norway followed in two stages. In April
2017, the cylindrical substructure was loaded onto the heavy
POLARLED transport vessel Dockwise Vanguard which proceeded to sail west
During planning for Aasta Hansteen, the partners were aware via the Cape of Good Hope, arriving 60 days later at Hoylandsbig
that capacity through the Åsgard Transport System – the sole in the county of Sunnhordland where the hull was floated off
established gas export trunkline in the Norwegian Sea – would the vessel and towed to the Klosterfjorden outside the island of
be operating at full capacity for a few more years. With other Stord, near Bergen. There it was upended from the vessel into
stranded gas discoveries in the a vertical position and made
area, there was general recog- ready for the mating with the
nition of the need for a second integrated deck, which arrived
major pipeline system. Norwe- onboard the Dockwise White
gian trunklines operator Gassco Marlin at the end of November
started the planning process, 2017 following float-off and tow-
with Equinor taking over in late ing from Ølensvåg. Mating took
2011. Following a final invest- around three days to complete,
ment decision, Equinor submit- with the assistance of various
ted a plan for installation and tugs, barges and an onsite team
operation of the Polarled pipe- of 150 personnel managing and
line in January 2013 which Nor- verifying alignments, measure-
way’s parliament approved five ments and ballasting.
months later. In April 2018, the 339-m
Danish contractor Ramboll (1,112-ft) tall, 70,000-metric ton
performed detailed design of (77,162-ton) platform under-
the 482-km (300-mi), 36-in., went an 11-day tow by five tugs
70-MMcm/d capacity pipeline, to the field location. At the shal-
which the company claimed lowest point en route the clear-
would be the world’s deepest ance beneath the keel was 14 m
water installation to date for a (46 ft), and 20 m (65.6 ft) up to
line of this diameter. Equinor the crossing over the high-volt-
also contracted the Marubeni age cable over Langenuen. On
Itichu/JFE consortium to sup- arrival it was connected to the
ply 325,000 t of linepipe, coated pre-installed polyester mooring
externally and internally by Indonesia’s Wasco and subsequently lines, manufactured by Lankhorst, with First Subsea supply-
shipped to a newly built base in mid-Norway for the application ing the mooring connectors. Kvaerner then began assisting
of concrete coating. Kongsberg manufactured associated sub- Equinor with offshore hookup and preparations for the start
sea structures including in-line tees and connection systems of production.
– six tie-in points were pre-installed to accommodate gas from ABB is responsible for the platform’s electrical, control and
other future Norwegian Sea field developments. telecommunication system, from delivery through commis-
Between March and September 2015, Allseas’ Solitaire laid sioning, automation of the plant start-up sequences and related
the entire pipeline from the field location to the terminal at services. Following start-up, the company will also provide sup-
Nyhamna receiving gas from the Ormen Lange field, and which port as required to the platform and to Equinor’s Operations
would undergo expansion for Aasta Hansteen under operator North organization in Harstad, which will supervise offshore
Shell’s management. On completion of the pipeline installation, activity. ABB Oil, Gas and Chemicals in Norway managed design
Equinor said expenditure on the system ended up NOK4.5 bil- and engineering, with Equinor requesting various features to
lion ($526 million) below budget at NOK6.5 billion ($760 mil- improve the ease of operating the plant during normal opera-
lion) as a result of various measures that allowed it to adjust tion and to automate the start-up sequences.
the capacity and price to the market’s needs. Aasta Hansteen’s One of ABB’s tasks was to make the process leading up to first
gas will join Ormen Lange’s in heading through the Langeled gas as efficient and fast as possible, reducing a sequence of over
CONCLUSION
The NPD estimates investment costs
for the entire development at around
NOK37.5 billion ($4.38 billion), in line
with the scenarios forecast in the devel-
opment plan. At peak, expected shortly
after start-up, Aasta Hansteen will deliver
23 MMcm/d with the plateau figure set
to be sustained until 2023, including out-
put from Snefrid Nord. Tie-in points have
been installed at the platform to accom-
modate future developments in the area
after the field has come off plateau: these
could include new discoveries drilled by
Equinor close to Aasta Hansteen, and
the company’s 16-bcm Asterix field, 80
km (49.7 mi) west of Aasta Hansteen,
Spar platform tow from Stord to the field. (Courtesy Woldcam/Equinor) drilled in 2009 in 1,360 m (4,462 ft) water
depth. •
THE BP-LED SHAH DENIZ consortium started up the Shah The Shah Deniz consortium is: BP, 28.8% - operator; TPAO,
Deniz Stage 2 project in the Azeri sector of the Caspian Sea on 19%; Petronas, 15.5%; AzSD, 10.0%; SGC Upstream, 6.7%; Lukoil,
June 30, 2018, including first commercial gas delivery to Turkey. 10%; and NICO, 10%.
The $28-billion project is the first subsea field development in At plateau, Shah Deniz 2 is expected to produce 16 bcm/yr
the Caspian Sea and the largest subsea infrastructure operated of gas. Together with output from the first phase of develop-
by BP worldwide. It is also the starting point for the Southern ment, total production from the Shah Deniz field will be up to
Gas Corridor series of pipelines that will for the first time deliver 26 bcm/yr of gas and up to 120,000 b/d of condensate.
natural gas from the Caspian Sea direct to European markets. Offshore, the Shah Deniz 2 project includes 26 subsea pro-
According to BP group chief executive Bob Dudley, “Shah duction wells in five clusters, 500 km (311 mi) of subsea pipe-
Deniz 2 is one of the biggest and most complex new energy lines and flowlines, and two new bridge-linked platforms. Gas is
projects anywhere in the world, comprising major offshore, transported onshore through an 85-km (53-mi) pipeline to the
onshore, and pipeline developments. BP and our partners have Sangachal terminal near Baku, which underwent a major expan-
safely and successfully delivered this multi-dimensional project sion to accommodate the increased gas output. The project also
as designed, on time, and on budget. includes the South Caucasus Pipeline Expansion that called for
“Together with the Southern Gas Corridor pipeline system, 428 km (266 mi) of new pipeline in Azerbaijan and 59 km (37 mi)
Shah Deniz 2 will deliver significant new energy supplies to of new pipeline and two new compressor stations in Georgia.
Europe, further diversifying its sources of energy and provid- Discovered in 1999, Shah Deniz is one of the largest gas/con-
ing new supplies of natural gas which will be essential in the densate fields in the world. It is located on the deepwater shelf
energy transition.” of the Caspian Sea, 70 km (43 mi) southeast of Baku, in water
depths ranging from 50 to 500 m (164 to 1,640 ft). The field is Tofiq Ismayilov, and the derrick barge Azerbaijan.
estimated to hold about 1 tcm of gas and 2 Bbbl of condensate. All the fabrication and construction work was conducted at
It covers about 860 sq km (332 sq mi), roughly the same size the Heydar Aliyev Baku Deepwater Jackets Factory.
and shape as Manhattan Island. Shah Deniz 1, the first phase The production and risers platform (SDB-PR) jacket, which
of development, began production in 2006. It currently supplies weighs 13,150 metric tons and stands 105 m (344 ft) high, was
gas to Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. installed in a water depth of 94 m (308 ft) in late September
The Shah Deniz consortium took the final investment deci- 2016. It contains 12 production risers, three export risers, and a
sion for Shah Deniz 2 in December 2013. dedicated monoethylene glycol import riser. The quarters and
Local content played a major role in this full field development utilities platform (SDB-QU) jacket, which weighs about 12,084
project. According to BP, at peak the Shah Deniz 2 development metric tons and stands 105 m (344 ft) high, was installed in a
supported more than 30,000 jobs in Azerbaijan and Georgia and water depth of 95 m (312 ft) in mid-2017. It contains 31 J Tubes,
in total included more than 180 million hours of work. seven utility caissons, and three J tube caissons.
The consortium consisting of BOS Shelf LLC, Saipem Con- The AMEC-Tekfen-Azfen consortium won a $974-million
tracting Netherlands B.V, and Star Gulf FZCO won the $750-mil- contract for the fabrication, load out and offshore hook-up and
lion contract for the fabrication of the platform jackets, pin piles, commissioning of the topsides units of the SDB-PR and SDB-QU.
and subsea structures. The scope of work included construc- Both topsides units were built at the Azfen fabrication yard in
tion of two eight-legged single batter jackets and the fabrication Bibi-Heybat near Baku.
of 2,300 subsea structures with a total weight of 30,000 metric The QU topsides unit weighs about 12,400 metric tons and is
tons. The subsea fabrication scope included eight subsea iso- 100 m (328 ft) long by 60 m (197 ft) wide. It contains 100-person
lation valve structures, 10 flowline termination assemblies, 80 living quarters (supplied by Apply Emtunga), four main power
walking anchors, 100 subsea tie-in piping spools, 100 pipeline generators totaling 60 MW, 10 direct electrical heating, mod-
crossing supports, 1,000 concrete mattresses and 1,000 metric ules, and a range of subsea production equipment. It was com-
tons of current transfer zone foundations. pleted ahead of schedule and was installed offshore in June 2017.
In addition, the BOS Shelf, Saipem, Star Gulf consortium The PR platform topsides unit weighs about 15,800 metric
received a $1.8-billion contract for the offshore transport and tons and is 100 m (328 ft) long by 60 m (197 ft) wide. It con-
installation of both jackets and topside units, subsea produc- tains a 133-m (436-ft) long flare boom, 10 flowline reception
tion systems, and subsea structures. It also included the lay- facilities, five production separators, two flash gas compres-
ing of more than 360 km (224 mi) of subsea pipelines, diving sors, and three production export flowlines. The PR topsides
support services, and the upgrade of three installation vessels was also completed ahead of schedule and was installed off-
– the pipelay barge Israfil Huseynov, the diving support vessel shore in September 2017.
igus GmbH
®
THE OFFSHORE industry weathered the Hail shallow-water assets under the Hail and Ghasha Sour Gas project could generate
storm of low oil prices by cutting costs and over $10 billion in capex. However, their current breakeven price of over $60/bbl merits
sanctioning fit-for-purpose scopes. The more caution as they head to a sanctioning decision mid-2019.
industry also reduced unit price reductions, In the new wave of offshore sanctioning, shelf developments are expected to strengthen
sought efficiency gains, and reduced the their position in the offshore market. During the period prior to 2014, greenfield commit-
scope of projects to push down breakeven ments for shelf developments made up approximately 41% of total greenfield investments,
costs for both deep and shallow water fields but this is likely to grow to 44% in the period from 2017 to 2021. Similarly, the new offshore
by over $30/bbl from their 2013-14 lev- investment cycle is set to be more dependent on commitments from smaller operators,
els. Now with the worst of the downturn which are expected to take up 46% of total greenfield commitments from 2017 to 2021
behind, the industry appears ready to start compared to 32% prior to 2014. The change in dynamics can be related to the trend seen
a new wave of project sanctioning. during the downturn, where big oil companies divested their offshore exposure in favor
In fact, greenfield project commit- of shale, illustrating the tremendous competition for investment dollars that confronted
ments have risen every year since 2016. the offshore market by the shale industry.
The year 2018, for its part, is likely to close After the oil price started to recover back in 2016, investments in the short-cycled shale
with over $85 billion of greenfield project industry gained momentum very quickly. In contrast, offshore greenfield investments
commitments. While that represents a 25% failed to show growth reflective of the uptick in the oil price. The greenfield commitments
increase over 2017’s commitment levels, materializing in the offshore space during this period was skewed toward further devel-
it could have been even higher. Sanctions opment of existing infrastructure, where more than 40% of all greenfield commitments
between the USA and Iran, contract delays in 2016 were related to subsea tiebacks, showing that the short-cycle focus was also pres-
and operators deferring investment deci- ent in the offshore market.
sions led to a delay of over $20 billion of Going forward, it is not only the amount of greenfield investments that speaks for
potential commitments. improved market conditions in the offshore space. Operational expenditures are also set
Over the next three years, the industry to increase by 10% per annum toward 2021, driven primarily by the large demand for oil-
looks poised to sanction at least $100 billion field services in shallow waters, which are set to grow from approximately $100 billion in
of greenfield projects per year (on average).
These projects have breakeven prices below
$60/bbl and are expected to reach a final F1: GREENFIELD CAPEX IS DRIVING THE UPCOMING RECOVERY
investment decision by the end of 2021. In
Offshore greenfield capex by commitment year
the near-term, all eyes will be on Qatargas’s
250
North Field Expansion mega-project. This
202
three-train steel platform development will
require over $26 billion of capex to reach a 200
mid-2024 start-up of the first train. While 170
US $, billions
barrel breakeven prices. The Ghasha and Source: Rystad Energy DCube
2018 to $130 billion on 2021. The Middle East, Western Europe and North America are tendering activity is improving and rigs are
driving this growth. being reactivated – all indications that the
This is very good news for drillers waiting for utilization and rig rates to bounce back market is in the midst of re-setting itself.
up to sustainable levels. After some tough years in the wake of a market collapse, the tide Rig rates for the US Gulf of Mexico have
has turned and the market is seeing substantial improvements in the rig market with the been on the rise for the past two years. In
shallow water space no exception. Several key markets have started to see a consider- the same period, the number of rigs on
able uptick in utilization this year, and some are expected to be close to sold out in 2019. contract doubled in order to keep up with
While the Middle East is still the main driver of jackup demand, the regional markets in the growing demand on the shelf. Look-
West Africa, Southeast Asia, the North Sea and the US Gulf of Mexico have all seen posi- ing ahead there is reason to believe that
tive development in utilization levels in 2018, and some of these markets are already reg- the drillers can look forward to a further
istering higher day rates. Furthermore, we know that contract lead times are increasing, increase in utilization and rig rates as
demand is picking up due to increased
F2: OFFSHORE GREENFIELD COMMITMENTS 2011-2013 VS 2017-2021 investments driven largely by brownfield
activities. The reform of the fiscal regime
2011-13 Customer market share 2017-21 Customer market share in the US Gulf should also be favorable for
Small Small the shallow waters in the region and we
E&P E&P
have already seen growing numbers in lease
Large Large
E&P E&P rounds over the past couple of years.
NOC 32% NOC The Norwegian continental shelf (NCS)
Other 46% is another market expected to have very
Other few rigs available to take on additional
Majors/ Majors/ work due to the country’s stringent spec
IOCs IOCs
requirements and the need for an Acknowl-
edgement of Compliance. As such the NCS
market is already sold out when looking
2011-13 Waterdepth market share 2017-21 Waterdepth market share into 2019. The tightening of the NCS market
UDW UDW has been visible through increasing rates
1500m+ 1500m+ lately. For example, the Maersk Intrepid
19% 21%
Shelf Shelf signing off at $266,000 with Equinor. This
<125m <125m
41% 44% is double the rates signed for drillships so
far in 2018. The CJ70 design has typically
40% 35% been earning a premium in the region.
MW MW West Africa is also a region where we
125-1500m 125-1500m expect a substantial uptick in demand
Source: Rystad Energy DCube going forward, and we have already seen
this starting to materialize in the number
of rigs on contract. Accordingly, we expect
F3: OFFSHORE OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURE SET TO utilization to increase on the assumption
INCREASE 10% P.A. TOWARDS 2021 of no further retirements of the fleet. We
therefore believe that there will be a need
250
Shelf (to 125 m) for new capacity as well as a call for new-
Deep water (125-1,500 m) builds into the 2020s.
Ultra deep water (1,500 + m)
200 On the whole, we expect the jackup
market to recover next year with a steady
stream of work from greenfield and brown-
Thousands
150 CAGR
+9%
fields projects and decommissioning work.
With utilization and rig rates on the mend
100 for several markets around the world,
there is some potential uplift if the indus-
CAGR try retires more units. If this is done, then
50 +8%
we would expect a fundamental increase
CAGR in rig rates thereby unlocking some of the
+19%
0 capacity sitting in Chinese shipyards which
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
would be needed in order to meet the grow-
Source: Rystad Energy DCube ing demand we see in the future. •
WHAT A WILD RIDE it has been. We McDermott. In 2015, Schlumberger agreed to buy Cameron; and this was fol-
delivered a speech in 2014 when we lowed in 2016 with Technip and FMC Technologies agreeing to merge. Thus two
first joined Evercore ISI at a deepwater offshore/subsea powerhouses were created. These two companies are pioneering
conference in London. In our speech new ways of collaborating and standardization; they are evolving the industry.
we discussed the challenges facing Drilling adjustments. Faced with collapsing demand, falling day rates and heavy
the deepwater and offshore markets, debt burdens, the 2015-2017 period was extremely difficult for the offshore drill-
including collapsing returns for the ers. Many went bankrupt, many issued equity and were forced to issue secured
majors (even before the oil price drop); debt, and difficult revolver negotiations ensued. Next, the companies slashed
persistent cost overruns; a significant and burned costs. They found that reductions in cost structures of 30-50% were
lengthening of time from discovery to
first oil; and the threat of relatively new F1: GLOBAL FLOATER SUPPLY
short cycle shale. In our view, major
industry changes were needed – col- 340
Newbuilds
laboration, cooperation, and standard- Retirements
320
ization to name a few.
And customers have awoken to the 300
idea of increased collaboration. The oil
US $, billions
differently.
This down cycle has witnessed an F2: FLOATER SUPPLY, DEMAND & UTILIZATION
unprecedented number of changes to EVRISI estimates 100
the offshore industry including. These
300
are detailed below. 80
Subsea first. The subsea and marine 250
Percent utilization
plausible. New ways of working evolved; rig equipment suppliers took on risk; 40+ in 2018). Underpinning our bull-
performance-based contracts permeated the industry; and the adoption of big ish thesis for the offshore market is
data analytics and automation unfolded. the fact that the necessary supply of
Contractor M&A. As the industry begins to climb out of the most horrific down- global oil cannot come solely from the
turn since the 1980s, an M&A cycle has begun in earnest. Transocean bought Permian basin. For years, IOCs have
Songa and Ocean Rig. Ensco grabbed Atwood and is now merging with Rowan. enacted capital discipline while explo-
Noble is picking off assets in the shipyards. Borr Drilling, a scrappy upstart, has ration activities (and thus, new reserve
systemically scooped up jackup rigs at the market bottom. The great consolida- discoveries) and infrastructure have
tion wave is here and it could not come at a better time. Day rates have already received scant attention. While the
moved substantially higher for harsh-environment floaters, and day rates are timing remains uncertain, we remain
jumping 30-40% off the bottom for high-specification jackups. We believe that steadfast in the belief that eventually,
the move for high-specification drillships is next. the necessity of supplying the incre-
Despite the recent pullback in oil prices, the offshore rig market outlook remains mental barrel of oil to support global
encouraging with demand still healthy at $60 Brent. Notably rig contractors are demand growth will have to come from
continuing to proactively manage supply, with three additional newbuild floaters outside of the North American land
and 12 newbuild jackups deferred over the past month. The industry is on track market. Reserve replacements are at
to take delivery of only one to four newbuild floaters and 16 to 21 newbuild jack- a 20-year low; the industry is replac-
ups this year (with three and five respective newbuilds scheduled between now ing only one-third of offshore produc-
and year-end). This is a far cry from 22 floater and 64 jackup newbuilds sched- tion; and delays in project FIDs over the
uled at the start of the year, which combined with ongoing rig attrition (17 float- past four years have removed 6 Mb/d
ers and 35 jackups YTD) implies a net reduction of at least 14 jackups (2.6%) and of 2025 supply.
13 floaters (5%) for the year. Overall, global floater supply has contracted by 83 We believe that deepwater develop-
units or 25% from the October 2014 peak with retirements exceeding newbuild ment will play a sizeable role in global
additions for four straight years, while the global jackup supply is down 16 units supply and while well breakevens have
or 3% from the January 2018 peak. come down, the industry remains laser
There is now a visible path to higher day rates. Reflecting our demand forecasts focused on making deepwater devel-
and assumptions for incremental retirements and modest newbuild additions, we opment competitive with shale. The
see a visible path to effective utilization improving to 82% for jackups and 74% subsea and marine construction com-
for floaters in 2019 and 86% for jackups and 82% for floaters in 2020. While there panies want to be in the forefront to
is no firm timeline for when day rates will begin to move up, pricing power tends drive fundamental changes around how
to swing to the contractor when utilization gets back to the 80s. deepwater discoveries are developed,
There are other positive trends: projects seem to be moving toward FID; the and how interactions with customers
need to replace reserves is becoming a major concern; and oil prices remain sup- take place. They want to leverage their
portive. Offshore FIDs are growing (31 projects sanctioned in 2016 compared to portfolios to lower operators’ capex and
opex requirements, and make better
use of technology to unlock data and
F3: JACKUP SUPPLY, DEMAND & UTILIZATION better enable decision makers. They
also want to leverage flexible partner-
EVRISI estimates 100 ships and commercial models, and
500 standardize equipment to help drive
80 lower total cost of ownership. •
400
Percent utilization
Number of units
60
300
40
200
100 20
0 0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020E
THE FLOATING production market out- F1: HOW CONFIDENT ARE YOU ABOUT THE BUSINESS OUTLOOK
look continues to strengthen, making this FOR YOUR COMPANY IN THE COMING 12 MONTHS?
the third year in a row that more than 50%
of survey respondents expressed positive 1%
6% 4% 10%
sentiment (somewhat confident to highly 23% 15%
confident), according to EMA’s annual 14%
Global Floating Production Industry Sur-
vey. The percentage of respondents who are
highly confident rose from 10% last year to 13%
23% this year. The number of respondents
expressing somewhat pessimistic and
58%
highly pessimistic outlooks dropped from 56%
19% to 7%. Interestingly, while the share of
pessimistic outlooks decreased, and the Highly confident - we will achieive or exceed our revenue and production
targets; likely to out perform 2018
share of high optimism increased, the pro-
Somewhat confident - there is a 50-70% chance we will achieve our revenue
portion of those cautiously optimistic and and production targets
neutral remained almost unchanged. This Neither confident nor pessimistic
suggests that while strong oil prices have
improved confidence, the vast majority of Somewhat pessimistic - there is a 50-70% chance we won’t achieve our
revenue and production targets
respondents see gradual improvements Highly pessimistic - most likely won’t achieve targets, may even under perform
with about a quarter expecting strong compared to 2018
growth. A few key quotes are highlighted Source: EMA, Global Floating Production Industry Survey
below:
“We have factored a very slow rate of the FPS market is not out of the woods yet. Nineteen percent still think it will take another
recovery into our business plans - so we 2+ years for the market to improve.
expect a limited uptake in our offshore sec-
tor in the next 12 months…” – International IMPACT OF THE DOWN CYCLE
Classification Society Two years after the worst period in the FPS industry, the survey asked how the industry
Expectations for the floating production has changed. The survey asked respondents whether the cost savings and efficiencies
market recovery proceeded in line with achieved during the downturn will be sustainable and make a lasting change on how the
last year’s results (with a shift by one year). FPS industry operates. The largest proportion, 40%, felt that less than a quarter of the
Almost two-thirds of respondents believe savings would be sustainable. Twenty-seven percent of respondents believe a significant
the offshore industry will recover in one portion (25-50%) will be sustained, while 29% of respondents are optimistic that a 50%+
year or less. Furthermore, 14% of respon- of cost savings will continue in the long run.
dents now believe that the current pace Most respondents believe that while there may be some long-term savings, many costs
of activity has recovered to pre-oil price will increase as activity picks up. A few key quotes are highlighted below:
crash levels. “As far as we can see as a supplier, a good chunk of the current cost savings are related
“We believe that the bottom of the mar- to squeezing the supplier in price without simplifying the requirements.” – Major Equip-
ket was realized in mid-2018.” – Leading ment Supplier
Mooring Contractor “I foresee the contributions of technology and project execution strategy as sustainable
“The FPSO sector has just passed its bot- going forward.” – Strategic Oil & Gas Consultant
tom ... and is just about to start a slow recov- “If the oil price spikes … the industry will be critically short on capacity and experi-
ery.” – International Classification Society enced personnel. In that case all the ‘savings’ will be thrown out the window. If the price
However, some respondents still believe stays stable, the cost savings and processes will continue unchanged.” – Project Developer
F2: WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE COST SAVINGS ACHIEVED DURING replace drilling and subsea as the second and
THE DOWNTURN ARE FUNDAMENTAL AND WILL BE SUSTAINED third ranked potential bottlenecks. This new
GOING FORWARD? ranking reflects the current stage of recovery
as a number of projects are now in the early
Less than 25% 40%
development stages where engineering and
management are critical. Fabrication yards
25-50% 27%
moved up to fourth position from eighth last
year as orders resume at experienced yards,
More than 50% 19%
all of which have downsized.
“The main capacity constraints will be
Almost all
10%
personnel driven rather than materials,
(fundamental cost savings)
hardware or asset driven. A lot of good peo-
Almost none ple have left the industry and they are not
(not fundamental 4%
cost savings) being replaced.” – Independent Oil Company
Drilling and subsea dropped down to
Source: EMA, Global Floating Production Industry Survey
the eight and tenth positions reflecting sub-
GREATEST GROWTH OBSTACLES stantial availability in 2019-2020. These two
For the fifth year in a row, the price of oil was identified as the greatest obstacle to offshore industries have undergone significant con-
project growth. Most respondents are concerned with the volatility in oil prices rather than solidation and although activity has picked
the overall level. However, other concerns are shifting in priority. This year, access to finance up, there is still plenty of uncommitted
rose from third position to second with political issues moving up to third. This reflects capacity in the near term.
overall political and trade instability and new leadership in key markets such as Brazil and
Mexico. Macroeconomic concerns over risk naturally lead to tighter financing as investors MOST ATTRACTIVE GROWTH
and banks remain cautious. Environmental regulations moved from last place up the sixth, REGIONS
reflecting a larger impact in design, operations, and decommissioning. Costs remain low on Brazil and West Africa ranked as the top two
the list of concerns with drilling and subsea costs in the last positions this year. growth regions again this year, as they have
been since the beginning of the FPS Mar-
F3: WHAT ARE THE LARGEST OBSTACLES FOR AWARD OF NEW ket Sentiments Survey. Brazil improved its
OFFSHORE PREJECTS IN THE NEXT 12 - 24 MONTHS? standing as Petrobras has resumed ordering
FPSOs and other operators are progressing
new developments.
Price of oil 24%
The biggest changes this year are the
Access to finance 14%
attractiveness of the countries after the top
two. South America (ex-Brazil) jumped from
Political issues 13% ninth place to fourth place this year, driven
by the opportunities in Guyana as well as
More attractive investment 11%
opportunities (e.g. shale oil/gas) other frontier regions. Respondents are opti-
mistic about the Gulf of Mexico, moving
Price of natural gas 8%
up one spot to third. The US leaped up to
Environmental regulations 6%
fifth position buoyed by recent deepwater
discoveries such as Whale and Ballymore.
FPS costs 5%
TECHNOLOGY GAME CHANGERS
Technical challenges (e.g. water
5% The survey asked which type of technology
depth, high temp/high pressure)
will have the largest impact on the offshore
Reservoir uncertainty 5%
industry. The results were unmanned pro-
Subsea costs 4% duction facilities (UPF) and long distance
subsea tiebacks as a close first and second.
Drilling costs 4% A number of the reasons may account
for UPF’s rise in popularity—the high cost
Source: EMA, Global Floating Production Industry Survey of personnel as a portion of operating costs,
re-thinking current practices to develop
POTENTIAL BOTTLENECKS cost-effective solutions, and the increas-
For the third year in a row, most respondents do not see any capacity constraints in the ing application of digital solutions. While
next 1-2 years. However, this year FEED engineering and project management moved up to unmanned fixed facilities are common, the
Subsea
FIVE YEAR FORECAST
5%
The results of this survey are taken into account
Oil processing when compiling EMA’s outlook for floating pro-
4%
equipment
duction orders. In the base case scenario, EMA
Support service (class, 4%
insurance, legal, etc.)
expects 127 awards for FPS units worth just under
Power generation
$100 billion in the next five years. This year, the
3%
equipment firm has increased the projected number of FPSO
Other
awards by 9%, as investment returns to deepwa-
2%
ter projects. FPSOs will account for 40% of the
Mooring 1% orders and 75% of the capex. In terms of spend-
ing, Brazil will remain the largest market by far,
Risers 1% followed by Africa and the US Gulf of Mexico.
Orders are expected to resume for Australian
Source: EMA, Global Floating Production Industry Survey developments toward the back end of the forecast
F5: WHAT REGIONS OR COUNTRIES WILL PRESENT THE LARGEST GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
OVER THE NEXT 5-10 YEARS?
18%
13%
11%
9% 9%
6% 6%
5% 5%
4% 4%
3% 3%
2% 2%
Brazil West GOM- South GOM- Southeast Australia/ East China Middle North Sea- South North Sea- Canada Med
Africa Mexico America US Asia New Africa East UK Asia Norway
(ex Brazil) Zealand
Source: EMA, Global Floating Production Industry Survey
SW Asia/ Spar
FPSO 3,955
Mid-East TLP
0K 2K 4K 6K 8K 10K 12K 14K 16K 18K 20K 22K 24K 26K 28K 30K
Capex ($,m)
Source: EMA
period. South America (other than Brazil) will see $7 billion of capital
spent for FPSOs in frontier areas such as Guyana.
SUMMARY
The sentiment for the global FPS industry has continued to improve
since 4Q 2016. Awards have returned to levels last seen in 2013-2014,
prior to the oil price crash, and are projected to remain steady. How-
ever, certain sub-sectors and specialist contractors are busy, while
most continue to look for additional work. Development costs remain
low, fueled by excess drilling and subsea capacity, but offshore project
sanctions continue to be delayed as operators cherry-pick the best
opportunities in their global portfolios. Activity levels are expected
to increase, but at a measured pace as operators keep a close watch
on costs and spending.
SECRETS TO US
OSW SUCCESS
It has been a long time
coming. But the road-
map is now defined
and progress well
under way to build a
new US heavy indus-
try to supply America’s
vast market for OSW
power. The early focus
has been the Atlantic
coast, which put the
first US OSW “steel
in the water” with the
30-MW wind farm off
Block Island, Rhode
Island, and has policy
commitments and
market impetus to
develop 10 GW more
by 2030.
And we expect
this number to grow.
F1: CUMULATIVE OFFSHORE WIND POWER CONTRACTS FORECAST and stand taller than San Francisco’s Transamerica
Pyramid. Advances in OSW turbine cost-efficiency
For six northeastern states through 2030 Contracted and size are remarkable
60 12,500 90 MW-NY feats of technology and
368 MW-MD
may be the most visible
800 MW-MA
elements of new US OSW
Capex estimate (US $, billions)
50 In negotiation
10,000
400 MW- RI farms (though barely,
40 200 MW-CT given the distance from
7,500 Solicitations scheduled
800 MW-NY
shore of most new US
MWs
30 400 MW-RI projects). But turbines
5,000
800 MW- MA represent only a fraction
1,100 MW- NJ
20 of the total capex required
Solicitations predicted
1,600 MW- NY to operate and install 10
2,500 Others - for state goals GW of OSW off America’s
10
2,400 MW- NJ shores.
500 MW-MD
0 0 200 MW-RI
This is where OSW
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Total: 9,658 MW synergies with America’s
Source: RCG analysis; Special Initiative on Offshore Wind (SIOW), University of Delaware, offshore energy sector
College of Earth, Ocean & Environment.
come in. When Deepwater Wind installed OSW
turbines off Block Island, it contracted with Loui-
siana’s Gulf Island Fabrication, which constructs oil rigs, to build
Several states – including Massachusetts, New York, and New Jer- the foundations. Liftboat operator SEACOR Marine, also based in
sey – are taking steps to advance their OSW progress and goals. Louisiana, transported them by barge to the wind farm site. And
Others – including Virginia, North Carolina, and California – are a number of US companies, including vessel operators, are forging
making pledges and plans to join the leaders. The Department of partnerships with experienced OSW suppliers to ensure the US OSW
Energy (DOE) reports the project pipeline for US OSW has reached industry has the Jones Act compliant vessels it needs.
25.5-GW potential capacity, with 37 projects in 13 states on the East By the end of 2018, signed power contracts for US OSW were
and West Coasts, Great Lakes, and Hawaii. By 2050, DOE says 86 expected to total 1.6 GW. New York and New Jersey have issued
GW of OSW will support 160,000 US jobs.
Policy certainty from this commitment to scale by states has F2: US OFFSHORE WIND SUPPLY CHAIN
been a critical factor in kick-starting the US OSW industry. It has
Key elements - cost breakout by percentage
given market visibility and a future order book to spur competition, Substation maintenance
Subsea cable maintenance
encourage institutional investors, and drive down costs, as occurred & service 1.7% & service .8%
Project development
in Europe where OSW now produces almost 20 GW of cost-com- Foundation maintenance & management 2.9%
petitive power. In Massachusetts, contracts for its first 800 MW of & service .8% Nacelle, rotor
& assembly 10.7%
OSW with Vineyard Wind came in at a remarkable $65/MWh for Turbine
maintenance
the final project phase, significantly below expectations and saving & service 23.4% Blades 5%
consumers as much as $1.4 billion. 2.9% Tower 1.7%
17.4%
For US OSW, “going big” is essential to generate necessary econ-
Foundation
omies of scale and reduce levelized cost of energy (LCOE). This was 41.6% supply 7.7%
22%
confirmed in research by the Special Initiative on Offshore Wind
Array cable
(SIOW) into key drivers for OSW success. In 2015, a study for the 16.1% supply 2.2%
Wind farm
state of New York quantified the role of scale in cutting costs for operation 14.9% Export cable
supply 5.1%
ratepayers and raising benefits for the state. In 2016, a study for
Onshore & Offshore
the state of Massachusetts found the best way to lower LCOE was Other installation 1.3% substaion supply 6.6%
clear commitments to a big OSW market. Export cable Operational
installation 3.1% infrastructure .4%
Array cable Turbine installation 3.2%
OUTLOOK FOR POWER, SUPPLY CHAIN CONTRACTING installation 4%
Foundation
Two years later, US OSW is on a roll – with policy support from installation 4.5%
state houses to the White House, robust market confidence, and Turbines Operations,
maintenace, & service
burgeoning activity to build a supply chain and infrastructure at Ballance of plant
Project development
key US ports. Installation & & management
To continue cutting costs, the size of OSW turbines is also growing commissioning
along with the scale of total GWs to be installed. New OSW turbines Source: New York State Energy Research Development Authority; Special Initiative
are being tested or planned that reach or exceed 10 MW of power on Offshore Wind (SIOW), University of Delaware, College of Earth, Ocean & Environment.
solicitations, respectively, for 800 MW and be the best regional teams and industry leaders with vision to tap this vast resource. Con-
1.1 GW more OSW, which will increase total tenders are sizing up the competition, scaling up their GWs, and sprinting out of the gate.
expected power contracts to roughly 3.5 GW Let the competition begin. •
by 2020. Through 2030, capex opportuni-
ties will continue to expand as more con- THE AUTHOR
tracts are signed, to nearly $50 billion for 10 Dr. Stephanie McClellan, Director, Special Initiative on Offshore Wind, Univer-
MW of US OSW. The primary initial spend sity of Delaware
through 2020 will be for support vessels to
install and operate the growing fleet of US
offshore wind farms. In 2020, we expect to
see additional work packages signed, with
Production & Drilling Chokes \ Compact Ball & Check Valves
steady and continuous growth for the US API Piping Accessories \ Pressure Relief Valves \ Valve Manifold Packages
supply chain between now and 2030.
CREATING PARTNERSHIPS,
REGIONAL POWERHOUSES
MPD Systems Solutions
It is clear that US OSW supply chain oppor-
tunities have reached utility-scale and are
accelerating rapidly. In response, smart sup-
pliers and developers, as well as states, are
scaling up their partnerships and regional
OSW teams.
In October, Danish OSW leader Ørsted
purchased Rhode Island-based Deepwater
Wind, marking a consolidation of European
and US OSW industry expertise and willing-
ness to partner for scale and reach.
When Massachusetts and Rhode Island
announced their first utility-scale OSW con- CORTEC MPD manifold system
featuring electrically operated 6”
tracts, they did so jointly – Connecticut orifice drilling chokes and 8” metal
seated compact double ball valves.
signed on soon after. Together, they have
committed to almost 3 GW of OSW. Their
joint action signals a desire to coordinate Redefining MPD systems, CORTEC
on key decisions about supply chain, port is uniquely positioned to support your project
assets, and procurement to enable a robust requirements with an extensive range
New England OSW capability. of valve products and vast manifold
design experience. CORTEC provides
New York and New Jersey have the mak-
comprehensive solutions maximizing
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THE OUTLOOK for deepwater drilling in the Gulf of Mexico shows how, through exploration, we are sustaining a strong pipe-
has been slowly improving over the past year. The number of line of discoveries and future projects to sustain this deepwa-
drilling rigs in the Gulf is up by four, from 19 to 23, compared ter growth.”
to last year, according to the Baker Hughes rig count of Dec. 14, Whale is operated by Shell (60%) and co-owned by Chevron
2018. And that number is up by one compared to two years ago U.S.A. Inc. (40%). It was discovered in the Alaminos Canyon block
(2016), when the active US GoM rig count stood at 22. 772, adjacent to the Shell-operated Silvertip field and approxi-
And, operators reported finding a number of new and import- mately 10 mi (16 km) from the Shell-operated Perdido platform.
ant oil discoveries in the deepwater US Gulf in 2018. “Whale builds on Shell’s successful, nearly 40-year history in
In January, both Shell and Total announced new deepwater the deepwaters of the Gulf of Mexico and is particularly special
discoveries. Shell Offshore Inc. reported that it had made one in that it offers a combination of materiality, scope and prox-
of its largest US Gulf of Mexico exploration finds in the past imity to existing infrastructure,” said Marc Gerrits, Executive
decade from its Whale deepwater well. The well encountered Vice-President Exploration for Royal Dutch Shell. “The result
more than 1,400 net ft (427 m) of oil-bearing pay. Evaluation of is another opportunity to think differently about ways we can
the discovery is ongoing, and appraisal drilling is under way to competitively develop deepwater resources.”
further delineate the discovery and define development options. This major discovery in a key Shell production area added to
“Deepwater is an important growth priority as we reshape the company’s Paleogene exploration success in the Perdido area.
Shell into a world-class investment case,” said Andy Brown, Through exploration, Royal Dutch Shell says it has added more
Upstream Director for Royal Dutch Shell. “Today’s announcement than 1 Bboe resources in the last decade in the Gulf of Mexico.
IN THE FOURTH PART of this five-part F1: PRODUCING WELL INVENTORIES IN THE SHALLOW
series on Gulf of Mexico (GoM) well trends, AND DEEPWATER GULF OF MEXICO.
producing and idle wells in the shallow
water and deepwater are examined. 9,000
< 400 ft
8,000
> 400 ft
PRELIMINARIES 7,000
Wells start to decline almost immediately 6,000
Producing wells
PRODUCING INVENTORY
In 2017, there were 3,463 wells in the GoM
Source: BOEM, March 2018
that produced hydrocarbons during the
last 12 months, 2,644 wells in water depth
<400 ft (122 m) and 819 wells in water relative to the total active well inventory, a mere 13% (2,644/20,989) in shallow water and
depth >400 ft. 18% (819/4,582) in deepwater, but this is not uncommon in offshore field development.
The number of producing wells varies
with the size and age of the well inven- PRODUCING INVENTORY TRENDS
tory, the time (i.e., month) of assessment, The number of producing wells in shallow water has declined markedly over the past
the number of wells completed each year, three decades. In 1985, there were 7,681 shallow-water producing wells, while circa 2017
and the development status of projects. there were 2,644 producing wells. Decline spikes in the years 2004-2005 and 2008 are
The number of producing wells is small attributed to hurricane activity and response.
Every four years or so 1,000 wells have F3: DRILLED, ABANDONED, AND PRODUCING WELLS
dropped out of production. In 1997, more IN THE DEEPWATER GULF OF MEXICO
than 7,000 wells were producing; in 2003,
8,000
there were ~6,000 producing wells; in 2007, Spud, >400 ft
~5,000 producing wells; in 2011, ~4,000 7,000 PA+TA, >400 ft
producing wells; and in 2015, ~3,000 pro- 6,000 Producing, >400 ft
ducing wells.
Producing wells
5,000
If these dropout trends continue, which
4,000
seems likely considering the age of produc-
ing wells and the lack of replacements, by 3,000
2019 one might expect ~2,000 producing 2,000
wells, and by 2023 or so ~1,000 produc-
1,000
ing wells.
0
Deepwater producing wells are on a
1947
1950
1953
1956
1959
1962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
different trajectory than shallow water
with new wells replacing those that are
Source: BOEM, March 2018
shut-in. From 2002, there have been 800
or more producing deepwater wells most GULF OF MEXICO WELL INVENTORY CIRCA 2017
years, hitting a high in 2007 at 867 and <400 ft >400 ft Total
numbering 819 in 2017.
Drilled 46,243 6,733 52,964
Running totals of wells drilled, aban-
Permanently abandoned 25,254 2,151 27,405
doned, and producing for the shallow
Remaining 20,989 4,582 25,559
water and deepwater are depicted in the
accompanying figures. • Producing 2,644 819 3,463
Source: BOEM, March 2018
Create
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PM
GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS •
JO FIRTH, CGG
CGG HAS WORKED in Africa for more than 85 years. From the aid to development and near-field exploration. Access to large
first surveys in Gabon and Tunisia in the early 1930s, to today’s surveys in both mature and frontier areas allows oil companies
massive offshore 3D multi-client surveys, the company has con- to gain a better regional overview to reduce exploration risk at
sistently employed the latest technology to support the search an early stage and helps to reduce the time required from license
for oil and gas in Africa. award to well drilling in new areas. Small proprietary surveys
In today’s economic climate, large multi-client surveys are often leave holes in the data coverage, and usually have different
becoming increasingly popular for both exploration and devel- acquisition parameters and azimuths, making regional explo-
opment teams. Since costs can be shared and larger surveys ration more challenging. Large continuous and consistent sur-
acquired for a better overall view of the prospect, they provide veys help to reduce total exploration spending by drilling wells
a cost-effective means of acquiring high-quality data. Even in earlier and better de-risking. Having consistent high-quality
relatively mature basins, where acreage is shared by many oper- coverage over complete blocks also makes definition of areas
ators, multi-client surveys can be an efficient tool for use as an for relinquishment easier to determine.
MOZAMBIQUE
The new Mozambique survey, recently acquired over the Beira
High region in the Zambezi Delta, will be another integrated
geoscience JumpStart package to support a licensing round. Example section from the recently reprocessed Angola-00 survey in
This 15,400-sq km (5,946-sq mi) 3D survey is the first of the block 33. (Image courtesy CGG Multi-Client & New Ventures)
An example of this is the reprocessed Angola block 33 3D sur- based on consistent methods that can be used in data packages
vey, which is now available. This survey was reprocessed using for licensing rounds to attract investor interest in frontier areas.
a broadband PreSDM imaging sequence, taking advantage of In stratal slicing, the seismic volume is flattened in the geo-
recent advances in bandwidth extension. The survey covers the logical time domain along an interpreted 3D horizon, to enable
Calulu discovery and lies approximately 10 km southwest of the the mapping of lateral seismic facies variations along a constant
giant Dalia field. Block 33 is largely underexplored, with signif- depositional time slice. Changes in rock facies induce subtle
icant potential, especially in the presalt section. As the known changes in the seismic wavelet which are highlighted through
fields in this basin lie within Tertiary turbidites, the reprocess- spectral decomposition around three dominant frequencies.
ing has been especially designed to extend the bandwidth to This provides a clear picture of lateral seismic facies and enables
improve the resolution of this unit, while also providing clearer rapid evaluation of potential leads and prospects. The following
imaging through the complex salt structures in the area owing image shows the frequency decomposition of a stratal slice from
to the deep penetration of the low frequencies. one of the Cameroon data packages. The Cretaceous channel
and fan ( from top left to bottom right) are clearly delineated.
GETTING MAXIMUM VALUE FROM LEGACY DATA
In addition to offering high-quality modern seismic data sets, CAMEROON
the company also offers enhanced and revitalized legacy data The recent licensing round in Cameroon is an example of this
from GeoSpec, who specializes in regenerating and digitally use of legacy data. Data packages of enhanced legacy data were
transforming legacy data. They provide workstation-ready, created for the Rio Del Rey and Douala/Kribi-Campo basins, the
integrated data sets to expedite rapid evaluation of explora- two areas with blocks available to license. These enhanced Ter-
tion opportunities. Depending on the type of data available, this raCube data packages, consisting of workstation-ready, time-
may include scanning paper sections with reconstruction and and phase-matched, contiguous regional regridded 3D seismic
migration of the data, reprocessing from field tapes, or migra- data sets, 2D seismic, and integrated well and seismic montages,
tion of stacked data. The data is enhanced by time, phase, and combined with supplemental prospectivity reports, stratigraphic
amplitude matching to create consistent, zero-phased seismic, studies and databases, detailed the opportunities available for
where possible tied to well data, and with navigation data quality both basins ahead of the licensing round.
controlled, updated, and converted to a consistent projection. Cameroon is a proven hydrocarbon province with production
from both these basins. Significant further opportunities exist
for commercial hydrocarbon accumulations in both, with large
tracts of open acreage available in the recent licensing round.
The results of this have not yet been announced.
CONCLUSION
The company believes that integration of a range of geosci-
ence data with the highest-quality seismic will become the
gold standard for basin-scale multi-client studies. Incorpo-
rating insight gained from legacy data and knowledge of the
geology into the survey design means that optimum data can
be acquired, with the ideal offsets and azimuths to image the
target. The JumpStart combination of the best seismic images
with reservoir-quality data and value-added geoscience prod-
ucts can be used directly for exploration, play evaluation, well
location optimization, geohazard identification and reservoir
Frequency decomposition on a stratal slice of Cretaceous channel
and fan taken from a GeoSpec TerraCubeREGRID volume offshore delineation, characterization and modeling. These integrated
Cameroon. data packages are designed to provide a fuller understanding
of the petroleum system and deliver insight which will reduce
This type of enhanced legacy data is a useful starting point the time, risks, and challenges associated with exploration. This
for promoting and evaluating assets. Pre- and post-stack legacy should mean that more successful wells can be drilled, and oil
seismic data sets, well data, and any other information avail- company experts can focus on finding new plays, rather than
able, can be transformed, interpreted, and integrated to gen- sourcing and conditioning data.
erate value-added products in consistent, workstation-ready Major exploration projects are being conducted by many
formats. Consistent stratigraphic tops, tied to the seismic and companies all around Africa. There is evidence that significant
well data, are used to generate a series of regional surfaces, well discoveries are still to be made and many basins are not yet
and seismic montages, dry well analyses, velocity models, stratal fully understood. •
slices and other attribute volumes and interpretation products.
These provide cost-effective basin-wide reconnaissance products
DETECTION METHODOLOGY
Satellite images can be examined for evi-
dence of oil floating on the surface of the
sea, caused by natural oil seeps generat-
ing oil slicks that appear in re-occurring,
persistent clusters that are visible for sev-
eral years. These slicks are indicative of an
underlying oil-generating petroleum sys-
tem that is clearly working - the ‘Holy Grail’
for explorers investigating new basins. The
technique takes advantage of the differ-
ence in the sea surfaces wave pattern, or
‘texture,’ between the sea surface in its nat-
ural state and with oil floating on top of it.
In suitable conditions the sea surface is
slightly rougher in an oil-free state, and an
oil slick will reflect sunlight in an anoma-
lous way that can be detected on the sat-
ellite image (MacDonald et al., 2015).
Over 240 satellite images acquired over Sea surface oil slick study extent and Spectrum’s recently acquired multi-client 2D seismic
the Mozambique Channel from 2013 to data over the Angoche basin, Mozambique Channel. (All images courtesy Spectrum Geo)
2017 have been analyzed to quantify
the number and distribution of sea sur- Mozambique Channel and the East Zambezi basin which lie between the Rovuma basin
face oil slicks in the Angoche basin, the to the north and the Zambezi Delta to the west.
Angoche and Mucifi (north of the study systems is growing rapidly but the best examples available are from the nearby Rovuma
area), which may be sourced from the Mid- basin, such as the reservoirs in the Lower Eocene Coral discovery (Palermo et al., 2014).
dle to Early Jurassic marine, or even the Late Cretaceous near-shore marine sandstones (Grudja formation) are the main reser-
Karoo (Mahanjane et al., 2014). Several oil voirs in the Pande, Buzi, Tamane and Inhassoro fields in southern Mozambique, exhib-
seeps have also been identified along the iting up to 30% porosity and up to 5,000 mD permeability (Matthews et al., 2001).
coastline west of the Ibo High in the south- Other than a source rock, the main ingredient required in petroleum system to gen-
ern Ruvuma (Davison and Steel, 2017). erate oil is heat. Too little heat, no oil is generated, while with too much heat, only gas
The ODP well 629B drilled on the conju- is generated. As the earth gets warmer with depth there is a need to find a source rock
gate Antarctica margin penetrated 45 m in the ‘Goldilocks Zone’ where the temperature is just right for generating oil. Recent
(147 ft) of Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)
source rocks containing Type II marine
kerogen, with an average of 10% TOC and
HI of 300-600 mg/g TOC (Thompson and
Dow, 1990).
Key to establishing more evidence that
the source rocks in this area are generat-
ing oil has been the acquisition of new 2D
seismic data in 2017, which has allowed
the industry’s understanding of the area’s
hydrocarbon potential to be refined,
thereby accelerating hydrocarbon explo-
ration activity. Ongoing seismic interpre-
tation and prospect mapping of the new
2D seismic data have already identified
potential targets in both structural and
stratigraphic trapping geometries along
this Mozambique margin.
In 2017 and 2018, Spectrum acquired a
multi-client 2D regional broadband seismic
survey designed to image the subsurface
potential in the Angoche basin, Mozam- HELPING TO DEVELOP A SAFE AND
bique Channel and East Zambezi basin,
thereby providing a more detailed under- SKILLED OIL AND GAS WORKFORCE
standing of the prospectivity in areas where
no wells have been drilled to date. Drill-
ing targets along the margin have already • Driving global standards and
been identified on these new data with qualifications
Cretaceous and Tertiary reservoir and seal- • Ensuring safety training is delivered
paired intervals identified in plays that to industry standards
include onlaps and drapes over basement • Assessing competence against industry
highs, stratigraphic and structural traps of approved criteria
deepwater slope channels and basin floor • Developing competency frameworks
fans, lowstand plays (both wedge and pro- alongside industry and local government
delta fan), drapes over strike-slip faulted
structures, and compressional plays near
the Davie Ridge.
250,000 people train to OPITO standards each year at one of
Enhanced clastic reservoir quality is to
over 200 OPITO approved training providers in 45 countries
be expected from turbidite systems inter-
acting with strong contourite or slope par-
allel drift bottom currents. In these ‘mixed
turbidite - contourite systems,’ turbidite
currents are thought to winnow, flowing
www.opito.com
down dip, taking away the silty fines and
leaving sand reservoirs of exceptional qual-
ity. Globally knowledge of such depositional
REFERENCES
• Davison, I., and Steel, I., 2017. Geology
and hydrocarbon potential of the East
African continental margin: a review.
Petroleum Geoscience, 24, 57-91.
• Loseth, H., Wensaas, L., Gading, M.,
Duffaut, K., and Springer, M., 2011. Can
Bottom simulating reflectors, pock mark, and shallow high-amplitude reflectors found in
seismic profile showing strong relationship to sea surface oil slick. hydrocarbon source rocks be identi-
fied on seismic data?. Geology, 39 (12),
1167-1170.
• MacDonald, I. R., Garcia-Pineda, O.,
Beet, A., Daneshgar Asl, S., Feng, L.,
Graettinger, D. French-McCay, D. G.,
Holmes, J., Hu, C., Huffer, F., Leifer, I.,
Mueller-Karger, F., Solow, A., Silva,
M., and Swayze, G., 2015. Natural and
unnatural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mex-
ico, Journal of Geophysical. Research,
Oceans, 120, 8364–8380.
• Mahanjane, E.S., Franke, D., Lutz, R.,
Winsemann, J., Ehrhardt, A., Berglar,
K. and Reichert, C., 2014. Maturity and
Example of potential basin floor fan play within structural trap in the Early Cretaceous petroleum systems modelling in the
interval, with structural drapes over basement highs, and four-way dip-closed structures (A offshore Zambezi Delta depression
and B) extending over up to 509 and 207 sq km, respectively.
and Angoche Basin, Northern Mozam-
bique. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 37:
understanding of the influence of active rifting and the Comoros mantle plume causing 329–348.
elevated heat flow in the northern Rovuma basin has explained the anomalously high • Palermo, D., Galbiati, M., Famiglietti,
geothermal gradient - around 40°C/km - observed in wells in that area (Duncan MacGre- M.,·Marchesini, M., Mezzapesa, D.,
gor, personal communication, October 10, 2018). This high rate of increase in temperature Fonnesu, F., 2014, Insights into a New
with depth in Rovuma has meant that the source rocks in that area are heated beyond Super-Giant Gas Field - Sedimentology
the point where oil is generated and are forced to generate only methane gas. While this and Reservoir Modeling of the Coral
has produced copious quantities of gas, this will not occur in the Mozambique Channel Reservoir Complex Offshore North-
being farther from the Comoros mantle plume, across the Davie Ridge on young oceanic ern Mozambique. Offshore Technol-
crust. Indeed, the wells drilled in the Zambezi Delta show half the geothermal gradient, at ogy Conference, 25-28 March 2014, Kula
around 20-25°C/km (Duncan MacGregor, October 10, 2018), of those in Rovuma, result- Lumpur, Malaysia.
ing in the source rocks of Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age sitting in the peak oil window: • Thompson, K.F.M. and Dow, W.G., 1990.
the Goldilocks Zone. This analysis is supported by 1D basin modeling of Mahanjane et Investigation of Cretaceous and Tertiary
al. (2014). If these source rocks generate anything – they will generate oil. kerogens in sediments of the Weddell
Sea. In: Barker, P.F., Kennett, J.P., Mas-
NEXT-PHASE EXPLORATION terson, A. and Stewart, N.J. (ed.), Pro-
Following the success of exploration, appraisal and commercialization of gas in the ceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,
Rovuma areas 1 and 4, it is significant that exclusive activities are now beginning in the Vol.113, College Station, Texas, 189-197.
East-Zambezi to Mozambique Channel area. Exploration and development rights of
the offshore blocks awarded under Mozambique’s fifth licensing round between the oil
companies and the National Petroleum Institute (INP) have led to a reformed fiscal law
Several new technologies have been introduced to the market components into scalable, fit-for-purpose packages that pro-
in recent months to address these challenges. Last May, Hallibur- vide safe, efficient drilling in closed-loop applications. From
ton announced its GeoBalance automated MPD system, which chokes and manifolds to rotating control devices and control
it described as a comprehensive suite of software and hardware systems, the company says that its MPD systems have been fully
that enables automated managed pressure control, from drill- integrated into the drilling rig for land, shelf, and deepwater seg-
ing to completion. Halliburton says that the system combines ments, as well as standalone systems that are compatible across
automatic chokes, rig pump diverters, flow metering, and control multiple segments.
algorithms with hydraulics modeling to provide pressure control Schlumberger has introduced what it describes as the indus-
at discrete points throughout well construction. The GeoBalance try’s first integrated MPD solution – designed to be an all-OEM,
system won an OTC Spotlight Award in 2018. reservoir-to-flare-stack deepwater MPD system, the company
Elsewhere, AFGlobal has introduced an array of new technol- said. The integrated MPD system would enable operators to
ogies and testing facilities that are expected to bolster its MPD minimize rig footprint while maximizing drilling efficiency and
portfolio and capabilities. In 2018, the company developed a test versatility by obtaining design and engineering, manufacturing,
rig that is designed for testing MPD equipment, while mimick- system integration, well engineering, and onsite well delivery ser-
ing actual drilling conditions, to better understand equipment vices from a single supplier. The integrated MPD solution won
performance. an OTC Spotlight Award in 2017.
AFGlobal also launched its proprietary Active Control Device On some drilling campaigns, MPD technologies are being
(ACD), which it says is the industry’s first purpose-built marine combined with other systems to enhance drilling and comple-
control device, replacing the traditional rotating control device tion efficiency. On a recent job in the Asia/Pacific region, Shell
(RCD) for deepwater applications. The company says that the identified the need for an MPD/managed pressure cementing
ACD provides the prerequisite seal and diversion of annular (MPC) solution on two water injection wells. The solution was
wellbore returns using a novel, non-rotating seal. Using propri- needed to maintain constant bottomhole pressure while drill-
etary sealing elements, the ACD is designed to eliminate bear- ing in a narrow pressure margin.
ings and rotating components that can be a regular source of The MPD/MPC control system was configured to receive
maintenance and failures in traditional RCDs. data from several ancillary sources for the best possible pressure
“We are leveraging our manufacturing experience and deploy- control downhole. MPC technology was successfully utilized to
ment of more than 40 MPD-ready systems to drive the next cement the liners on both wells in order to maintain equivalent
phase of MPD – active pressure management,” said Mark Mitch- circulating density above the sand stringer pore pressure, while
ell, President of Oil & Gas at AFGlobal. “Working closely with avoiding losses to weak shale/faulted zones. GB Setpoint, the
all the stakeholders, we have designed, built, and installed the Halliburton real-time hydraulics model, was an important asset
industry-leading equipment that is enabling a global fleet of during both the MPD and MPC operations. By incorporating real-
MPD ready rigs.” time data, tracking multiple fluids in the wellbore and account-
The development of these new technologies followed a ing for surge and swab while running the liner, the crew was able
contract award from Noble Corp. in 2017 which called upon to successfully navigate a narrow window within the target BHP.
AFGlobal to supply an integrated deepwater MPD system to Halliburton helped the operator avoid two weeks of NPT
vessels in the Noble Corp. rig fleet. Scott Marks, senior vice pres- related to borehole stability, reservoir influxes and losses, con-
ident of Engineering at Noble Corp., said: “The addition of MPD trolling the BHP at the critical point in the well during drilling
systems to our rig fleet will provide a valuable competitive advan- operations, including tripping and running and cementing the
tage with an expected higher level of safety and performance.” liner. This operation for Shell in Asia/Pacific is expected to pave
Weatherford is working to implement a standardized set of the way for similar operations in this region and beyond.
MPD equipment that will allow a rig to quickly address any num- Faced with the challenges that deepwater drilling and uncon-
ber of drilling and well control issues – kicks, lost circulation ventional reservoirs can bring, the industry is still finding its
events or riser gas – whenever they might arise. Typical equip- path forward on active pressure management techniques and
ment includes a rotating control device (RCD) to keep the well technologies. To date, MPD has been a discrete process used in
closed while diverting annular fluids out of the well; Microflux, response to specific challenges, such as drilling within narrow
an MPD control system used to detect and control minute down- pore pressure-fracture gradient windows. But the closed-loop cir-
hole influxes and losses; a Coriolis mass-flow meter to capture culating system that enables MPD facilitates many applications
mass and volume flow, mud weight/fluid density and tempera- for understanding and affecting wellbore pressure. Among them
ture from returning annular fluids; hydraulic power units; and are well control, pressure management, riser gas handling, mud
associated valves and hoses. An intelligent control unit and data optimization, ROP enhancement, dynamic formation integrity
acquisition system ties everything together by analyzing the sys- testing, and cementing, to name just a few. Whether and to what
tem data, pinpointing the source and cause of a fluid influx or extent operators, drilling contractors, service firms and OEMs
loss and transmitting the information to operation centers on optimize that path forward by finding common ground on the
location and onshore. design and desirability of these systems is the next big question
NOV says that its MPowerD systems combine MPD in offshore drilling and completion. •
from this data, as a recent example from Maersk Oil (now Total) will illustrate. nobody had been aware of…”
THE AUTHORS
Ole Evensen, Global Upstream Strategy
Leader within IBM Chemicals & Petro-
leum, has served the oil and gas industry
for more than 25 years. As Consulting Part-
ner, he facilitated E&P process improve-
ment and provided strategic advice for
developing new organizational capabili-
ties. He is currently helping operators to
explore and introduce new AI technol-
ogy to address business challenges and
“Providing time to react” outlines how previous challenges of deploying AI models
opportunities.
in new regions has been overcome by template supported preparation and rapid
stepwise calibration. Øystein Haaland is CTO and Distin-
guished Engineer within IBM Chemicals & Petroleum. He
world, we may consider the next step toward “Broader AI” has served the oil and gas industry for more than 25 years,
will be to include more disciplines and combine more avail- developing new industry solutions in collaboration with
able data from new higher-fidelity sensors and unexplored R&D and international operators. Haaland is participating
sources. It may include seismic, logs, rock properties – and in industry standardization initiatives and developing tech-
more unstructured data sources, such as documents used in nology accelerators to enable digital transformation.
the Woodside example.
AI will continue to complement existing first principle ana-
lytics models but will also bring the promise to help extract
knowledge from previous projects. Advising your “next best
action” will require natural (drilling domain) language under-
standing to help organizations improve processes and lever-
age knowledge for a competitive advantage.
We can also envision the opportunity to fuel digital twin
models with real-time integrity data and deep analytical
models to better assess the overall status of the drill rig, and
systems. Examples may be corrosion, mooring and anchor-
ing issues, and weather. Our next big goal should be to use all
this structured and un-structured data to embed AI and deep
learning analysis into the end to end well delivery processes.
A digital twin vision could go beyond the physical facilities, “I can think of no one better to translate the complexities of
to include the digital reservoir and even overburden. natural gas liquids into a more easily understandable subject.”
Pursuing such opportunities will require an open “systems — Frank H. Richardson, President and CEO, Shell Oil Company, Retired
architecture” to support a services-oriented model. Compet- Natural Gas Liquids: A Nontechnical Guide
itive advantages will not come from your access to technol- is a comprehensive overview of NGLs from
ogy, but your ability to use it, and integrate data and services production in the oil patch to consumption in
from involved partners. Looking beyond AI, technology such the fuels and petrochemicals industries.
as Blockchain is enabling new ways of working. Blockchain is Learn what is behind natural gas liquids:
already explored as an enabling technology to develop new • How they are produced
well delivery collaboration models that protects participants • How they are transported
different business models, data and competitive differentia- • How they are consumed in the fuels
tors. The technology allows data to be collectively used while and petrochemicals industry
individually protected and owned in accordance with “smart • Profles of successful NGL companies
contracts.” This will not only help the industry to improve pro-
cesses but also may allow for new service providers, offering
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but “neutrality” is a competitive advantage for facilitators, just
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RG
NSTAROFF NSTAROFF 33
99 610 40 35 34 3
10 ''
43 42 41 39 38 37 AREA
'' TA
24'' GENS IS
PLT 45 44
49 COXOIL 2
G LT 46 36 APCORP SUNRISE
12
''
W GP EPL 12'' TRITON 82
8 COXOIL 47 GA
24 '' W 12'' ENV 61 62 63 64 65 66 68
24 3 54 55 57 EN 60 11 10 9
53 APCORP APCORP 67
58 59 8
16'' PANTEGY
56
EN
II
R EPL ENIOILUS ENIOILUS
16
Colorado
COXOIL
'' UA
XP CHEVUSA
74 73 72 71 70 69
'' JE
LT 6 E
82 81 80 79 78 77 76 12 13 APSHELF 15 16 17
36
7 83
16'' TA RGAMD
IN
GP
16
'' K
FF
'' N
5' '
W ENVEN ENVEN 75 FMOILGAS FELD WOOD APCORP
14
LO
30
G
102 103 104 20
HIGH IGAS
P 100 101
Gonzales .7
PL
94 95 96 97 98 99
CK
10 '' TG 9 8 90 91 92 93 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
XPR
30
23 PLT APCORP
G 22 21 20 19 MCMORAN
26'' K INE
'' W 18 114 113 112 111 APSHELF 108 107 106 105 20 19 18 17 16
WTOFF
SABINE PASS 118 116 115 29 35 36
CRETACE
36
16 110 30 31 33 34
26'' KINE
MID 117
12.75''
WTOFF 12'' K INE
'' N
PLT
10.75'' CIP C
T
AREA 12
S 109
FG JA EA M 31 36 37
APSHELF APSHELF
32
WG
24 ''
G
AS 24''
TE AR RPG 38 137 138 139 140 22 PLT 2
PL
M 20' '
IMP
24'' CO 14 128 129 130 131 132 133 136 39 24'' WG
90A '' K 33 34 35 16 15 13 D 45 44 43 41 40 23
16 ''
AM
16'' WGPLT
XPR
45 20' ' 18
54 53 39 TA RG 134 135 GOME1271 21 25
FLD 51 12' ' 42 38
141 46
TA RG
6 16'' PANTE GY ENVEN RENAIOFF
142 38
WD
ON 48 47 46 152 151 150 148 147 146 145 144 143 37 36
55 52 156 155 154 153 149 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
50 49
Y
24'' NGPL 47
AM
40 39
EG
Fort Galveston 63 64 65 66 67 69 70 71
45 M21KLLC GOME1271 GOME1271 RESERMAN
UNOCAL
LT
D
176
PANT
72 73 74 75 76 165 166 167 170 171 172 173 174 175 41 42 43 44 45 TALO
161 162 163
GP
164 30'' AVOCET 64 61 60 59 58 57
Wharton Bend 68 63
'' W
97 96 95 169 20'' K INE XPR ID 12'' K INE MID
16 ''
16'' WILFIE LD 24'' GE 94 93 91 H EM 62 OCXO
87 90 89 88 20'' K INE XPR
24
NS ISE 87 86 85 84 187 S 183 179 177 IN
71 59 58 57 56
N 287 288 289 O
FF 65 '' K 67 68 69 70 72 73 61
92 290 20
20'' ANR
C 178
103 104 106 185 184 182 181 180 60
Lavaca 16''
WIL
FIE LD
108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117
D
WTOFF 291 16
'' T 186
189 190 195 196 197 199 200 191 192 PEOLLC 66 APSHELF ECOFF
74 62 63 64 65 66 67
ENE
10
141 140 12 MAGNUM 81 RESERMAN
136
'' M
135 134 133 207 206 205 203 202 201 79 78 77 76
132 300
AR
84 85 86 87
GALVESTON 10
'' M 139 138 131
'' TA
IN
150 152 AR 137 208 RG 194 193 81 80 FELDWOOD
ER
IN 154 156 157 297 217 83 APCORP
ER 158 159 161 162 163 FELDWOOD 128 304 303 209 210
AM
211 212 213 214 216 218 82 83 84 85 86 87
151 164 165 166 308 307 306 305 D
215 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93
153 155 160 168
14
RESERMAN
182 181 180 179 12'' LLOGE X ENERGYRE
'' PA
PLT 177 176 175 174 173 167 224 222 221 220 219 101 100 99 97 96
APCORP WG 311 312 313 314 315 227 226 223 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 98
LT
24 '' 178 170 A1 225
N TH
APCORP A2 A 171
36
Brazoria A 170 A 169
24'' WGP
WALTER
188 189 172 171 310
EX
191 192 193 194 195 169 232 233 234 235 103 105 106
196 197 319 229 230 231 112 111 104
P
198 200 118 117 116 115 114 113
190 A5 A4 A3 A 172 A 173
EXONMOBL EXONMOBL
DeWitt 214 213 212 210 209 208
HOACTZIN 199 201
A6 A 174 322 321 320 318 317 316 228
239 238 TOPCO EAST CAMERON AREA 102
121 120 119 118
206 205 204 203 325 326 327 328 329 330 243 242 240 124 126
APSHELF EXONMOBL
207 202 A7 A8 A9 324 119 120 121 122 123 125
211 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 179 237 236 117
241
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 228
APSHELF
GOME1271 244 246 247 248 249 250 122 123 124 125 126 12
LT 230 231 A 178 A 177 A 176 338 337 336 335 334 333 332 331 245 134 133 132 131 130 129
A 20
87
We exceed our clients’ expectations!! 288 245 244 243 242 241 240
227 12 ''
W GP
236
229
235
SDBOFFSH SDBOFFSH
234 233
232
A 21
A 19 A 18 A 17 A 16 A 15 A 14
A 13
30
A 180
'' G
A 181 A 182
339 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 256 255 254 253 252 251 136
137
135
138 139 140 141 142 143
141 140 139 138 137
T
30'' TETC
A 22 A 23 A 24 A 25 A 26 EN VERMILION ARE
20 239 A 27 A 28 A 29
www.apexsubsea.comJackson 238 237
60
RESERMAN
'' B 250 251 252 253
60 S IS A 188 A 187 A 186 340 144
254 256 257 258 259 A 189 EN 351 350 349 348 257 258 259 260 261 262 142 143 144 145 146
D
PL 260 261 262 355 354 353 352 154 153 152 151 150 149 148 147
A 39 A 38 TICA
A 34 A 33 A 32 10'' K INE
20'' B DPL 255 A 31 A 30
275 274 273 272 271 270 SDBOFFSH SDBOFFSH A 190 A 191 A 192 A 193 365 366 267 266 265 264 263 161 160 159 158 157
269 268 267 265 A 37 A 36 A 35 358 360 361 362 363 364 155 156 157 158 160 161 162
266 264 263 A 40 A 41
S
A 42 A 43 A 44 A 45 15
42'' HIO
A 46 A 47 A 48 A 49 359 159
FREEPORT
TARPONODTARPONOD
A 50 A 199 NAVIPET
RHO RE
282 283 A 198 A 197 A 196 371 370 369 270 271 162 163 ENERXXI 166 16
20'' B DPL
288 289 290
SDBOFFSH SDBOFFSH SDBOFFSH
A 195 375 373 372 269 272 172 171 170 169 168 167 166 165
60 291 292 A 62 A 60
280 281 284 285 A 61 A 59 A 58 A 57 A 56 368 367 268 164 165
172 286 287 A 55 A 54 A 53 A 52 374 BLACHORE
Victoria A 51
16'' AME
ApexSubRev_OSMaps_1901 1 59 12/28/18 9:40 AM 305 304 303 302 301 300 299 A 200 A 201 A 202 A 203 381 382 383 384 385 276 275 274 180 179 178 177
298 297 296 SDBOFFSH SDBOFFSH HIGH ISLAND AREA 376 377 378 379 380 273 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
24'' TETC
295 294 293 A 63 A 64 A 65 A 66 A 67 A 68 A 69 181
36' '
A 70 A 71 A 72 A 73
GOME1271
311 312 313 314 A 74 A 75 A 211 388 387 386 277 278 279 OB
182 183 184 185 186
315 316 A 210 A 209 A 208 392 391 390 389 AR
STING
317 318 319 320 A 207 395 394 393 190 189 188 187 186 185 184 '' SE
60 322 A1 A 88 A 87 30
A 86 A 85 A 84 A 83 A 82 WEST CAMERON AREA, WEST ADDITION 183
A 81 A 80 A 79 A 78 396 280 FOCEX
335 333 332 331 321 A2 A 77 A 76 A 212 A 213 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 282 281 201 200 199 198
EXPR
330 329 328 327 326 A 214 A 215 A 216 397 399 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198
325 324 323 A3 A4 A5
334 A 89 A 90 A 91 A 92 A 93 398 197BA
A 94 A 95
KIN
77A A 96 A 97 A 98 A 99 411 410 409 408 283 284 202 203 204 205
341 342 343 344 345 346 347 A 100 A 101 A 223 A 222 418 416 415 414 413 412 207 206 205 203 202 201
348 349 350 A 221 208 204
Matagorda 351 A 220
36' '
352 353 A9 A8 A7 A 219
A6 A 114 A 113 A 112 417 206
60 A 111 A 110 A 109 A 108 A 218
367 366 365 364 A 107 A 106 A 105 A 104 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 285 221 220 219 218 217
30''
14
RO 363 362 361 360 359 358 357 A 102 A 224 A 225 A 226 421 209 210 211 212 214 215
A 227
'' PA
ROB
355 354 A 10 A 228
N TP
WG
A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 423
16'' PANT
N TP
A 119 A 120 A 121 435 434 433 286 224 225
24'' SEA
30 356 A 122 A 123 439 438 437 436
PLT
374 375 376 377 378 379 380 A 124 A 125 A 126 A 127 444 443 442 440 226 225 224 223 222
381 382 A 237 A 236 219
IP
383 384 385 386 387 A 235 A 234
A 20 A 19 A 18 A 17 A 16 A 232 441 222 223 226
A 15 A 140 A 138 A 137 221 220
A 136 A 135 240 239 238
PIP
402 401 400 A 134 A 133 A 132 A 233 454 455 456 457 232 233 234 241
398 397 396 A 131 445 446 447 448 227 228 229 230
30 '' W
395 394 393 391 A 139 A 130 A 129 A 128 A 238 A 239 A 240
AS 389 A 241
36
T 390 A 21 A 22 A 23 A 24 A 25 A 243 449 450 451 452 453 231 20'' K INE XPR 237
H IG A 26
RO
IG IP
410 412 CHOR E A 145 A 146 A 147 A 148 A 242 470 469 468 467 466 464 463 242
TP
G AS
16
PA 423 424 A 35 A 34 A 247 465 462 461 458 SON 243 244
30
20 16 10 437 436 435 434 433 432 A 162 A 160 A 159 A 158 A 157 249 260 257
20 '' E 431 430 429 428 427 A 156 A 155 A 154 A 252 24 246 20'' TETC
'' E N TP 426 425 A 36 A 37 A 38 A 161 A 253 A 254 A 255 A 256 477 '' TE 259 258
N TP R 438 A 39 A 40 A 41 A 42 A 43 A 257 245 247 248 250 251 FELDWOOD
RO O
A 44 A 45 A 404 492 491 490 489 488 486 FELD WOOD 484 TC 262 266 2
495 494 493 256 255 254
12
449 450 451 452 A 408 A 409 A 410 262 261 260 259 258 257
Calhoun 453 454 455 456 457 A 411 A 412 487 265
.7
448 S A 56 A 55 A 54 A 53 A 52 A 405 A 406 A 407 A 267 A 266 A 265 A 264 A 263 12'' ELP
'' F APCORP
EN A 51 A 49 A 262 ELD
PA
IL A 48 A 47 A 46 A 429 A 428 504 507 508 281 280 279 278 277
H 478 477 476 A 427 A 426 A 416 497 498 268 269 270 271
N TP
O 464 A 57 A 58 A 417 A 268 500 501 502 503 505 506 FELD WOOD
IP
'' W 30 ''
FELD WOOD
A 68 515 514 513
G PL W G
487 488 489 490 A 69 A 430 A 431 A 432 520 519 518 517 516 279 278 277 276 275 274 273 272
24 APSHELF 492 493 494 495 A 433 A 434 A 436 PEOLLC IN G
NO
185 496 497 498 499 A 435 A 437 A 438 A 439 A 271 509 22' '
T
IO
A 79 A 78 A 280
16
491 BRAZOS AREA A 77 A 76 A 75 A 74 A 73 '' H A 279 A 278 A 277 A 276 525 526 529 530 531 532 280 301 300 299 298 297
A 72 523 524
PL
SH
RO A 71 522
'' E
TC 16'' E NTPRO 518 517 516 515 514 A 70 A 455 A 454 A 453 A 452
30 521 282 SOUTH ADDITION VERMILION AREA
A 82 527
Bee
T
'' T N TP 509 508 507 506 A 449 A 448 A 446 A 282 528
505 504 A1 A 445 286
PRO
30 '' E 520 519 A 84 A 85 A 86 A 87 A 444 ARENA 285 287 288 289 GOMEX
A 285 A 286 281 283 284
RO
24 APCORP A 89 A 90 A 91 A 92 A 93 A 450 A 287 A 288 A 289 A 290 541 540 C 538 537 536 535 534 302 303 304 305 306
A 94 A 95 A 96 A 97 A 98 A 447 A 443 544 542 ET 298 296 295 294 293 291 290
528 529 530 531 532 533 534
120 A 456 A 457 A 458 A 459 A 284 543 16 '' T 292
535 536 537 A 88 A 460 A 461 533
36'' HIOS
538 539 540 541 A 462 A 463 A 464 A 465
NSTAROFF '' AR 539
20
EN
12 A 108 A 107 A 106 A 105 HIGH ISLAND AREA, M21KLLC A 300 A 299 A 297 548 551 552 553 554 555 556 322 320 319 318 317
C
A 104 A 296 AO
TETC
.7 A 103 A 295 545 546 549 305 306 307
EN
TET
5' RO H 558 556 555 554 553 552 A2 A3 A 102 A 101 A 100 A 99 A 481 A 480
FF
OB
'H 551 550 A 293
O
N TP F
FF
16''
SEAR
'' E N O
16' '
SH
24 G E 557 A 114 A 115 A 116 A 117 A 118 A 479 A 478 A 477 A 302 A 303 A 304 564 563 562 561 560 559 558 557 325 326 327 328
35 A 119 A 120 A 121 A 122 A 476 A 475 180
A 305 A 306 A 307 A 308 A 309 567 566 565 313 312 311 310 308 323 324
''
566 567 568 569 570 A7 A 123 A 124 A 125 A 126 A 127 A 128 A 482 A 483 A 470 WALTER
Aransas 571 M21KLLC
24 572 573 574 575 576 A 484 A 485 309
30' '
577 578 A8 A 9 A 10 A 487 A 488 A 490 HIGH ISLAND AREA, EAST PEROILG ARENA APSHELF
10
315 314
Refugio 564 565
A 11 A 12 A 13 A 143 A 142 A 491 A 492 A 493 A 494 A 319 574 575 576 577 578 316 TALOS TALOS
323 324 325 344 343 342 341 340
.7
A 141 A 140 A 139 A 138 A 137 A 136 A 489 569 570 571 572 573 320 321 322
A 486 317
5' '
591 590 589 A 135 A 134 A 133 A 132 A 130 ADDITION, SOUTH EXTENSION 318
592 588 587 586 A 129 A 507
GU
G
77 582 581 580 579 A 504 A 503 A 502 A 318 A 317 A 311 16 '' PEROILG PEROILG
A 501
TIN
A 21 A 20 A 19 A 316 A 315 319
LF
10.75'' GULFEN A 14 A 144 A 131 A 500 A 498 A 497 A 496 A 495 A 320 585 584 583 582 581 580 345 346 347 348 349 350
A 145 PEROILG 586 AR
16'' GENOFFSH
'' S
A 147 A 148 A 321 '' S
EN
A 322
.7 5''
24
601 602 A 154 A 155 A 156
O
599 600 603 604 605 606 607 A 158 A 508 A 499 '' P A 327 589 WEST CAMERON AREA, 332
'' TE 240
R
OS
609 610 611 612 A 510 A 511 A 512 334 G
CH
AN 327 326 TC
A 22
TP
'' HI
A 30 ENERXXI
N
A 31 A 173 A 519
AP
24' '
A 166 BANDONLP
LT
AR
5'
A 165
30
626 624 623 622 621 A 164 A 163 A 162 A 334 A 333 A 332
GP
618 617 616 615 614 180 A 533 A 532 A 531 A 518 A 336 592 593 594 596 APCORP
AL
613
12
A 43 A 530
STING
FELDWOOD FELDWOOD
A 40 A 170 A 529 A 528 A 339 335
'' W
A 37 A 36 A 35 A 34 A 525 A 524 608 607 606 605 604 603 602 367 368 369 370 372 3
20
A 33 A 32 A 175 A 176 A 161 A 160 A 159 30'' HIOS 612 611 610 609 352 351 350 349 348 346 RENAIOFF 371
20
A 178
30
632 633 A 42 A 41 A 179 A 180 A 181 A 182 A 183 A 523 A 522 A 521 A 343 A 346
24
631 634 635 A 184 A 344 A 345 A 347 A 348 PEROILG RENAIOFF RENAIOFF BANDONLP
U
637 638 639 640 641 642 24 '' A 185 A 186 A 187 A 188 A 534
LF
FMOILGAS
A 174 A 340 FELDWOOD
'' HI
A 44 A 45 A 46 A 47 A 48 A 49 TW A 537 A 538 A 539 A 342 621 622 623 ENERGYRE
386
S
10'' GOFFPL
A 50 A 51 A 52 C GALVESTON AREA, SOUTH ADDITION A 541 A 542 A 543 614 618 619 620 388 387 384
PL
MATAGORDA ISLAND AREA A 53 A 54 A 544 A 545 617 354 355 357 358 385
OS
FELDWOOD 636 A 55 A 56 A 58 A 203 A 202 A 201 A 200 A 199 A 536 A 540 A 359 A 358 A 357 353 359 361
C
A 535
10
IN G
658 657 656 655 A 196 A 194 A 192 A 546 A 355 A 354 A 353 616 TOPCO PEROILG 383
653 A 191 615 MOCOMP RENAIOFF
'' TA
240
10
652 648 A 190 A 189 A 559 A 351
16'' E NTPRO
ST
'' F
654 A 68 A 67 A 198 A 555 20' ' ENERGYRE
630 629 628 627 626 625 389 390 391 392 393
GP
ELD
370
AE
16 ''
PLT
San Patricio
TANAEXPL
'' W
'' E
NG
A 208 A 209 A 362 EN ER
X
W
666 12' '
PL
TI
673 674 A 62 367 366
O
675 676 A 74
10.75'' GCE I
'' S
A 77 A 206 A 360 12'' TCOFFS H 639 377 378 379 410 409
OD
638
O
BANDONLP
60 669 A 78 A 79 A 80 A 81 A 82 A 83 A 84
10 A 565 A 567
ARENA GOME1271 GOME1271 634 635 636 637 373 374 375 376
PLC
10'' GOFFPL
A 87 A 369
20
14'' APCO A 88 A 232 A 231 A 230 A 218 0 A 572 FELDWOOD M21KLLC
689 RP A 229 A 228 A 227 A 226 A 560 A 561 30 A 566 A 379 A 378 A 377 A 370 CHEVUSA
O
690 688 687 683 681 BRAZOS AREA, SOUTH ADDITION A 223 A 222 A 221
COXOIL A 564 A 568 A 381 A 380 A 376 A 375 A 373 A 372 A 371 372
600
680 A 220
12'' PAN
685 679 678 677 A1 A 103 A 102 A 233 A 219 A 585 A 584 A 583 651 650 648 647 646 645 644 27 29 30 411
14'' APCO
A 101 A 100 A 99 A 581 NSTAROFF GOME1271
653 652 649
16''
686 RP 20' ' A 97 A 96 A 95 A 94 A 93 A 92 A 91 A 90 A 225 A 224 A 579 A 578 A 577 A 576 WTOFF WTOFF WTOFF 381 380 65
684 682 WG A 89 A 234 A 582 A 575 A 574 A 573 10'' WGPLT FELDWOOD 67 68
NUSTICS
STING
695 696 697 698 A 240 A 386 A 387 66 72
16'' HARVPANY
699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 A 98 A 241 A 242 A 243 A 244 A 245 A 246 A 247
COXOIL A 580 A 382 A 388 A 390 63
ENERGYRE
A2 A3 A 4 A 104 A 106 A 107 A 235 A 248 A 586 73 74 A 384 A 385 A 391 654 655 656 657 658 60 61 62 69 70 71 73 74 75
16'' S OUTCCNG
A 108 FLEX
12.75'' SOUTSION A 105 A 109 A 110 A 111 A 112 A 113 A 590 A 591
FELDWOOD FELDWOOD A 383
TELTD
12
16 ''
12.7 5''
SOU 719 715 714 713 712 711 710 709 708 A9
UNOCAL 105 106 107 '' U
N A 596 A 395 A 394 117 1200
A8 A 116 102 103
12
'' S
A 131 12
A 130 A 129
NU
FELDWOOD FELDWOOD
120
.7
A 125 A 124 A 122 108 109 110 111 112 WTOFF A 393
5''
180 A 120 A 119 A 253 102 103 168 169 170 171
WTOFF
140 141 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 156 157 158 159 162 163 16
ST
166 167
DP
MERITMAN 729
RO
730 731
ICS
600
733 734 A 58 A 121 159 161 143 144 145
600
A 57
10.7
12 .75 24 A 64 188 189 190 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 244 248 249 250 251
1800
751 A 67 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253
'' G
'' SO 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 A 90 A 89 A 72 A 75 235 236 237 239 240 241 245
A 88 A 87 A 86 232 233
Christi A 85 A 84 COTTONWOOD
EN
UT
CC A 83 A 82 A 81 A 80 A 79 A 78 A 77 230 231 12
247
243 00 EAST BREAKS
S
PETROBRA
NG 750 244 NAVIPET
IS
234 303 304 305 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 291 292 293 294 295
EN
G
309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 333 334 335 336 337 338 34
300 348 349
TIN
777 778 A 103 332 333 334 335 336 337 339 340 342 343 344 346 347
779 780 781 782 329 330 331
16'' TWC
'' S
24 A 113 A 112 A 110 A 109 A 108 A 107 A 106 316 318 319 320 321 322
286 A 105 312 313 314 315 GARDEN BANKS 317 332
16
OS
A 111 323 326 383 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 353 354 355 356 358 359 360 361 362 363 365 366 367 368 369 372 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383
793 792 791 790 789 788 787 786 785 A2 A3 A 117 310 311 1200 317
370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 380 382 3000
18 ''
A 119 A 120 A 122 A 123 A 124 A 125 A 126 A 127 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 385
358
Nueces 395 353 354 355 356 357 2400 384 357 364 370 371 373 375
EX
379 381 0
A 118 A 121 VENARI
431 432 433 180 434 436 437 397 398 399 401 402 403 404 405 407 408 411 412 413 414 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426
MO
799 800 801 802 803 804 805 418 419 420 421 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430
806 807 A5 A 4 A 136 A 135 A 134 A 133 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 LADYBUG CA
A 132 A 131 A 129 A 128 406 407 SW HORSESHOE
PL CO
A 130 399 400 401 402 403 404 LOST ARK 409 410 415
798 437 439 397 405 3000 WALTER 435 400 1800 406 BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR HESSCORP HESSCORP SOI SOI
422 442 443 445 446 447 448 450 453 454 455 456 457 458 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471
816 815 814 813 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 441
812 811 810 808 A6 A7 A8 A 137 A 138 A 139 438 398 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466
A 140 A 141 A 142 451 452 453 454 00
3000
A 143 A 144 446 447 448 449 3000 18'' TWC
451
MUSTANG ISLAND AREA 480 442 443 444 445 444 18 449 452 459 GEAUXPHER
483 441 481 BPEXPLOR
481 482 ENERGYRE SOI SOI
MUSTANG ISLAND AREA, EAST ADDITION 523 525 485 486 489 490 491 492 493 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 509 510 511 512 513 514 515
821 822 823 824 825 826 827 450 508 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 488 494
828 829 A 12 A 11 A 10 A9 A 151 A 150 A 149 A 148 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 509 DANNY
A 147 A 146 A 145 489 490 491 492 493 494 496
486 487 488 507 508
Kleberg 523 524 485 524 487 OZON
C
APC
568 569 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559
G
834 833 832 831 830 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 A 152 A 153 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 558
A 154 A 155 A 156 A 157 540 3000 OREG
U
533 534 535 536 537 538 539 541 542 543 544 545 APC
'' M
20 CHEVUSA CHEVUSA CHEVUSA CHEVUSA 611 612 613 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603
12 '' 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 596 597 598 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610
.7 5'' H P L 850 A 21 A 20 A 19 A 18 A 17 A 162 A 161 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595
A 160 A 159 A 158 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 599 NANSEN
HP 610 611 574 575 576 577 BALBOA 2400 583 BPEXPLOR
2400
L 612 613 614 615 573 APC APC NEXENUSA APC BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR SOI COBALT
A 163 FALCON CHEVUSA TOTALEPU TOTALEPU EXONMOBL EXONMOBL APC APC APDWLLC APC APC
620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647
859 858 857 856 643 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 617 618 619
854 853 852 851 A 22 A 23 A 24 A 25 A 164 A 165 A 166 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 DAWSON DEEP
A 167 A 168 626 627 628 629 630 631
12
MOGUSA
684 685
12
APC
665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 683 686 688 689 690 691
20' '
APC
TOTALEPU EXONMOBL
694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 661 662 663 664
C
864 865 866 867 619 3000 621 690 691 692 693
'' T
868 869
2400
870 871 A 32 653 682 683 684 685 686 687 688
18'' TWC
A 29 A 28 A 27 A 172 A 171 A 170 A 169 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 DURANGO APC APC DAWSON 2400
HP L
671
W
697 698 699 701 702 703 661 662 663 689 BHPBILLI BHPBILLI APC GUNNISON EXONMOBL 687
A 31 A 30 ANDAROFF 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735
880 879 878 877 876 875 696 665 668
TOTALEPU
732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 705 706 707
874 873 872 A 33 A 34 A 35 A 36 A 37 A 38 A 173 A 174 A 175 700 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731
710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718
10.75'' HPL 740 741 743 744 745 705 706 707 708 709 APC APC SOI SOI 726 EXONMOBL SOI APC
747 APC APC BHPBILLI
Kenedy APC APC APC
780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779
883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 A 9 739 742 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779
A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 746 758 760 761 762 763 764 765 766
783 784 785 786 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757
10.75'' HPL 787 788 789 790 791 749 BHPBILLI BHPBILLI SOI CHEVUSA SOI SOI
24' ' HARRIER ANDAROFF APC
798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823
WG
899 898 897 896 895 CORPUS CHRISTI 00 759 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 793 794 795 796 797
PLT 894 893 892 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 A 17 A 18 12 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819
799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807
826 827 828 829 830 831 832 793 794 795 796 797 798
833 834 835 ANDAROFF BHPBILLI SOI TOTALSA COBALT
904 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867
905 906 907 908 909 910 911 A 27 A 25 A 24 A 23 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867
A 21 854
240
A 22 A 20 A 19 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853
870 871 872 873 874 875 837 838 839 840 841 842 843
876 877 878 879 BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI TOT
A 26 ANDAROFF
0
ANDAROFF
914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911
30
919 918 917 916 915 914 913 912 A 28 A 29 A 30 A 31 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913
A 32 A 33 A 34 A 35 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900
NORTH PADRE ISLAND AREA 913 914 915 916 917 918 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890
919 920 921 922 923 881 VENARI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI CHE
60
924 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955
925 926 927 928 929 930 931 A 43 A 42 A 41 A 40 A 39 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956
A 38 A 37 A 36 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942
957 958 959 960 961 962 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 EXONMOBL EXONMOBL
963 964 965 966 967 DIANA
VENARI VENARI
CHE
MARSHALL 1006 1007 1008 1009 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999
939 937 936 935 934 933 932 A 45 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005
A 46 A 47 A 48 A 49 A 50 A 51 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 990
1001 1002 1003 1004 973 974 975 976 977 978 979
1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 969 970 971 CHEVUSA CO
938 A 44 989 VENARI BHPBILLI
944 945 947 948 949 972 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
950 951 A 59 A 58 28 29 30 31
20'' HP L
A 57 A 56 A 55 A 54 A 53 A 52 16 17 18 19 20 21 MADISON 24 25 26 27 GUADALUPE
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
946 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 42 1 2 3 4 5 6 HOOVER BHPBILLI CHEVUSA CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
NORTH PADRE ISLAND AREA, EAST ADDITION 40 41 22 23 EXONMOBL EXONMOBL EXONMOBL BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI
958 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
959 957 954 953 952 A 60 A 61 A 62 A 63 A 64 A 65 A 66 66 69 70 71 72
75 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 45 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 DIANA S CHEVUSA COBALT TOTALSA STA
956 955 86 87 46 67 68 BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BPAPROD BPAPROD BPAPROD CHEVUSA
65
600
964 965 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
966 967 968 969 970 971 972 A 72 A 71 A 70 A 67 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
A 69 A 68 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 GILA TIBER
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 89 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
127 128 129 130 131 90 BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BPEXPLOR BPAPROD CHEVUSA BPAPROD BPAPROD BPAPROD COBALT COBALT
163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163
980 979 978 977 976 975 974 973 A 73 A 74 A 75 A 77 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162
A 76 A 78 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
171
120
1600 172 173 174 175 BHPBILLI BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPAPROD BPAPROD BPAPROD
STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204
985 986 987 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 205 206 207
988 989 990 991 992 A 85 A 84 A 83 A 82 A 81 A 80 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204
A 79 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192
208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 177 178 179 180 181 182
216 217 218 219 SOI CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250
1001 1000 999 998 BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI
248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 221 222 223 224 225 226 251
997 996 995 994 993 A 86 A 87 A 88 A 89 A 90 A 91
BHPBILLI BHPBILLI
236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247
235
20
252 253 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234
254 255 223 224 225
'' H
430 431 432 433 434 397 398 399 400 401 402 403
1044 435 436 437 EXONMOBL STATGULF
0
BPAPROD VENARI
1036 438 439 ANDAROFF ANDAROFF 426 HESSCORP
3000
480
W
SOUTH PADRE ISLAND AREA 481 482 483 00 HESSCORP HESSCORP HESSCORP BPAPROD EXONMOBL
'' T
A 18 BHPBILLI 60 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 507 508 509 510 511 512
PORT ISABEL BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BHPBILLI
517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 513 514 515
18
607 608 609 610 611 573 574 575 576 577 578 579
612 613 614 ENIOILUS
18'' TWC
ANDAROFF
764 CHEVUSA SOI SOI
830 831 832 833 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823
60
BHPBILLI
1131 1132 1133 1134 1135
BHPBILLI BHPBILLI
814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829
1130 1136 1137 1138 A 72 A 71 A 70 A 69 A 68 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813
826 827 828 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 KEATHLEY CANYON
829 830 831 832 833 834 835 793 794 SOI SILVERTIP DEEPGULF ANDAROFF APC
CHEVUSA CHEVUSA SOI STATGULF CHEVUSA
BHPBILLI BHPBILLI SOI
867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867
1146 1145 1144 1143 1142 1141 1140 1139 A 73
BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR
854 855 856 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866
A 74 A 75 A 76 A 77 APC
844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 857 10'' S OI
870 871 872 873 874 875 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 GOTCHA TOBAGO
876 877 878 879 CHEVUSA STATGULF CHEVUSA BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR
CHEVUSA UNOCAL
BHPBILLI BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR ATLANPRO SOI SOI
911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911
1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 A 83
BHPBILLI
898 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910
A 82 A 81 A 80 A 79 A 78 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897
915 916 917 918 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 899 GREAT WHITE TRIDENT
919 920 921 922 923 EXONMOBL EXONMOBL
SOI 900 SOI SOI ATLANPRO ATLANPRO 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955
BPEXPLOR BHPBILLI BHPBILLI BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR
951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 925 926
1165 1164 1163 1162 1161 1160 1159 A 84 A 85 A 86 A 87 BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950
A 90 BPEXPLOR
929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938
959 960 961 962 963 964 965 925 926 927 928
1166 966 967 ATLANPRO
48 A 89 BHPBILLI BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 10
60
103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
CRUDE PIPELINE OPERATORS
ARENAOFF Arena Offshore, LP ENTEICES Enterprise Field Services LLC IMPAREAM Impact Midstream LLC SOUTCCNG Southcross Ccng Gathering Ltd ARENAOFF Arena Offshore, LP GENSISEN Genesis Energy, LP APC Anadarko Petroleum Corporation CASTEX Castex Ener
ATPOIL ATP Oil and Gas Corporation ENTPRO Enterprise Refined Products Company LLC (ERPC) KINEMID Kinetica Midstream Energy, LLC SOUTSION Southcross CCNG Transmission Ltd ATPOIL ATP Oil and Gas Corporation HARVPANY Harvest Midstream Company ANDAROFF Anadarko US Offshore Corporation CENTRYX Century Exp
AVOCET Avocet LNG, LLC ENVEN EnVen Energy Ventures, LLC KINETICA Kinetica Partners LLC STING Stingray Pipeline Company BDPL Blue Dolphin Pipeline Company JEFFLOCK Jefferson Block 24 Oil and Gas LLC ANKOR Ankor Energy LLC CHEVUSA Chevron US
BDPL Blue Dolphin Pipeline Company EPL EPL Oil and Gas, Inc KINEXPR Kinetica Energy Express, LLC TANAEXPL Tana Exploration Company LLC BPAM BP America Inc. LLOGEX LLOG Exploration Offshore Inc. APCORP Apache Corporation CLF CL&F Resou
LEASE OPERATORS
BLACHORE Black Elk Energy Offshore Operations LLC EXMOPLCO ExxonMobil Pipeline Company KMTEJAS Kinder Morgan Tejas Pipeline LLC TARGAMD Targa Midstream Services LP BPAPROD BP America Production Company LOOP1 Louisiana Offshore Oil Port LLC APDWLLC Apache
239 Deepwater
240 241 LLC 243 244 245 246
242 COBALT
247 248 249 Cobalt
250 Intern
251
BPAM BP America Inc. FELDWOOD Fieldwood Energy LLOGEX LLOG Exploration Offshore Inc. TCOFFSH TC Offshore LLC BPOIL BP Oil Company MANTA Manta Ray Offshore Gathering Co LLC APSHELF Apache Shelf Exploration LLC COCHON Cochon Prop
BPPLNSNA BP Pipelines North America FGT Florida Gas Transmission Company M21KLLC M21K, LLC TETC Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation BPPLNSNA BP Pipelines North America MARDIGRS Mardi Gras Transportation System ARENA Arena Energy,
284 285LP 286 287 288 289 290 CONPHIL
291 292 293 ConocoPhilli
294 295 2
CGT Columbia Gulf Transmission Company FLDWDON Fieldwood Onshore LLC MANTA Manta Ray Offshore Gathering Co LLC TGP Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company CHEVPL Chevron Pipe Line Company MATTOXPL Mattox Pipeline Company LLC ATLANPRO Atlantia Prometheus LLC CONTANGO Contango Oi
331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339
Supplement to PennWell CHAPARAL Chaparral Energy LLC FMOILGAS Freeport-McMoran Oil & Gas MARDIGRS Mardi Gras Transportation System TRITONGA Triton Gathering Company LLC CHEVUSA Chevron USA Inc MCOFFPET MC Offshore Petroleum LLC ATPOIL ATP Oil and Gas Corporation COXOIL COX Oil
Co. Publications CHEVPL Chevron Pipe Line Company GARDNBNK Garden Banks Gas Pipeline LLC MARINER Mariner Energy Inc. TRKLNGAS Trunkline Gas Company CORENRGY CorEnergy Infrastructure Trust, Inc NUSTICS Nustar Logistics LP BANDONLP Bandon Oil and Gas LP CRETACE Cretaceous L
This map includes information CHEVUSA Chevron USA Inc GCEI Gulf Coast Energy Inc. MCOFFPET MC Offshore Petroleum LLC TWC The Williams Companies Inc. CRIMGULF Crimson Gulf, LLC PANTHEXP Panther Exploration, LLC BEACON Beacon Offshore Energy LLC CVENERGY CV Energy C
copyrighted by PennWell's CIPC Centana Intrastate Pipeline LLC GENOFFSH Genesis Offshore Holdings, LLC MISSICAN Mississippi Canyon Gas Pipeline LLC UAII United Gas Pipe Line CRIMSON Crimson Pipeline PLAINALL Plains All American Pipeline LP BENNU Bennu Oil and Gas LLC DEEPGULF Deep Gulf E
MAPSearch®. This information is
provided on a best efforts basis and CONTANGO Contango Oil and Gas GENSISEN Genesis Energy, L.P. MUSTGLLC Mustang Island Gathering LLC UNOCAL Unocal Corporation ELPAEPLP El Paso E and P Company LP POPLC Poseidon Oil Pipeline Company LLC BHPBILLI BHP Billiton DYNAMOFF Dynamic Off
PennWell Corporation does not COPASLP Copano Pipelines/South Texas LP GOFFPL Gateway Offshore Pipeline Company NATLIS Nautilus Pipeline Company LLC VALLEYCR Valley Crossing Pipeline ENBUTOFF Enbridge Offshore Pipelines LLC RENAIOFF Renaissance Offshore LLC BLACHORE Black Elk Energy Offshore Operations LLC ECOFF EC Offshore
guarantee its accuracy, nor warrant
its fitness for any particular purpose
CORPGAS Corpus Christi Oil and Gas Co GULFEN Gulf Energy Exploration Corporation NGPL Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America LLC VENICE Venice Gathering System LLC ENIPEXCO ENI Petroleum Exploration Company SHELLPIP Shell Pipeline Company LP BPAPROD BP America Production Company ECOPETRO Ecopetrol S.
(not for navigational purposes). DESTIN Destin Pipeline Company LLC GULFSPLC Gulf South Pipeline Company LP PANTEGY Panther Interstate Pipeline Energy LLC WGPLT Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company LLC ENVEN EnVen Energy Ventures, LLC SOI Shell Offshore Inc. BPEXPLOR BP Exploration & Production Inc. ENERGYRE Energy Reso
Such information has been reprinted DGT Discovery Gas Transmission LLC GULFSTRM Gulfstream Natural Gas System LLC PANTPIP Panther Pipeline LTD. WILENS Williams Energy Services LLC ENXXIPIP Energy XXI Pipeline, LLC SOUTELTD Southcross Ngl Pipeline Ltd BUCKSTON Buckstone Development Company, LLC ENERXXI Energy XXI L
with the permission of PennWell DIGP Dauphin Island Gathering Partners HIGHGATH High Point Gas Gathering LLC SANDPROD Sandridge Expl. And Prod. LLC WILFIELD Williams Field Services EPL EPL Oil and Gas, Inc TWC The Williams Companies Inc BROFF Burlington Resources Offshore Inc ENIOILUS ENI Oil US L
Corporation. Data shown on this map
are available in a variety of digital DISCPROD Discovery Producer Services LLC HIGHIGAS High Island Gas LLC SEAROB Sea Robin Pipeline Company WTENERGY W and T Energy LLC EXMOPLCO ExxonMobil Pipeline Company UNANY Unocal Pipeline Company BYRONEN Byron Energy Inc. ENIPEXCO ENI Petroleu
formats from PennWell's MAPSearch®. ELPASOPR El Paso Production Company HIGHTRAN High Point Gas Transmission SHELLPIP Shell Pipeline Company LP WTOFF W and T Offshore Inc FELDWOOD Fieldwood Energy WILDWELL Wild Well Control CANTIUM Cantium LLC ENVEN EnVen Energ
E N GAG E
INFLUENCE
Connec ng p o ess ona s o he n o ma on
peop e and so u ons hey need
o ho m g om n
Allen 51 5 6 7
3
Pointe East Pearl
167 Tangipahoa Jackson 4
71 Coupee Baton River Mobile 47 40 8 9 10 11 98
15
Rouge 59
26 190
Livingston 25 12 13 14 15
53 63 104
57
17 18 19 20
Baton Rouge 190 3241 16
St. Landry West Baton 110
12
21 22 23 24
Rouge Harrison 25
26 27 28 29 30
St. 90
49
Tammany Hancock 10 36 37 38 39 40
10 32 33 41
55 45 46 48 50 51 52 53
Jefferson 44 47 49
190
Davis Acadia 8 43
64
54
67
61 62 63 65 66
24'' DIGP
39 36'' GULFS TRM
22 20'' CHE
VPL 55 56 57 58 59 60
St. Martin Iberville 40 41 69
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 79 80 81 82
Lafayette 44 43
36
'' D 42
K
ES 78
LIN
TI
30 N 87
EN
90
10 765 766 767 81 82 91
16 ''
88 89 90 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
80
Ascension 809 810 811 85 84 83 107 108 109 822
110
115 116 117 118
812 813 814 106
823 824 113 826 827 828 830
Lafayette St. John 815 819 820 MEPUSI MEPUSI FELDWOOD EXONMOBL EXONMOBL 829
NK
816
NK
860 861 862 863 864 871 872 873 874
N LI
PLACIDOC
855 856 857 858 859
N LI
13 853 854
the Baptist
24'' DIGP
868 869 870
'' E
'' E
12'' CHE
10 VPL 865 866 867 EXONMOBL MEPUSI COXOIL
12
12
Orleans
12'' TWC
904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 20'' DIGP 916 918
897 898 899 900 901 902 12'' E NLINK 917
NK NK
St. James 903 MOBILE 915 COXOIL COXOIL COXOIL
N LI LI
COXOIL COXOIL
14
'' E '' E N
18 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962
942 943 944 36' '
16
GU LFS
P
New Orleans 954
'' TG
COXOIL
945 TR M
12
991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006
989 990
30
987
1001
3127 610 1 988
70 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38
310 3 10 ''
HILE 23
12'' TWC
Vermilion NE 32
24'' WGPL
24 ''
36
'' D
St. 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
DIGP
5 4
E
ST
35
Iberia Assumption Charles
IN
75
CH EV PL
20 TALOS
PL
TALOS
T
126
CH EV
123 124 125
St. Mary 1 Jefferson 8 9 10 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122
20' '
TALOS TALOS
20' '
46 BANDONLP
15 14 13 12 11 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170
N LI N K
333
NK
St.
'' E LI
12 '' E N
16 16 17 18 19 20 209 210 211 212 213 214
INTRACOASTAL 300
Bernard
'' E 21 35 36 202 203 205 206 207 208
16
83 N LI
90 NK CHANDELEUR AREA 204 VIOSCA KNOLL
CITY
ENERGYRE ENERGYRE
27 26 25 24 23 22 CHANDELEUR 247 248 249 250 251 253 254 255 256 258
10'' AGP
S 12'' AGP
20'' AGP
S 90 MORGAN 39 AREA, 37 246 252 257
S 10'' AGP
S
BERWICK Plaquemines 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 EAST ADDITION
FELDWOOD
301 302
CITY 40 41
43 44 292
42
FELDWOODFELDWOOD
293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
KLLC
SHELF 15 16 17 FRESHWATER 24 17 24
'' T 18 103 101 100 99
WTOFF
98 180 179 178 177 176 175 174 173 172
383
12'' M21
14 102 171 428 429 430 431 432 433 434
26 25 24 22 21
20 CITY 25 20 19 105 106 109
WTOFF
181
MAGNUM
M21KLLC
23 183
11 208 207
HOUMA TANAEXPL
104 WTOFF 182
184 185 186 187 20
'' D
IG
P
189 190
191 192 474 475 476 477 478
TH
20 19 18 17 16 12 39 40 27 28 115 114 113 112 111 188
24'' DIG
CRETACE
16 12 ''
GA
201 200 199 198
'' K K IN
HIGH
30 210 193
IN
24'' 23 C
'' CH
30
IG
22 26 12'' EPL
E X XP
PLT
28 29 BRETON SOUND
'' S KLN
24'' WG 16 41 30 29 116 P
194
''
P
39 211 117 119
212 213
44 43 27 118 120 121 206
CO
41 40 207
PR R
14 ''
16'' WGPLT
42
E
21 25 31 219
24'' CHE VPL
57 44 AREA CANTIUM 214 215 216 217 218
PL
RO A S
38 34 ARENA
MO
564
B
37 230 229
30
47 48 49
CANTIUM 124 ARENA PETROVEN 235 225 221 609 610
41 42 43 44 45 TALOS 46 VU 231
36
57 E COXOIL 9 10 11 12 12A B 39 128 129 130 131 132 227 20'' DIGP 12'' DIGP
R
CANTIUM CANTIUM
30
251
P
40 247 252 253
16'' E XMOPLCO
229 228 227 226 CANTIUM
62 16 16 231 230 CANTIUM MAIN PASS AREA EPL
IG
L
CANTIUM
OCXO '' S
FELD WOOD
RO B
L
53 PETROVENPETROVEN
AL
240 248
20
57 56 56 57 241
'' D
AL
Terrebonne
IN 271 269 24'' TWC
268
16
52 24 267 266 12
AIN
ENERXXI
233 234 R BROFF BYRONEN CANTIUM ENERXXI N GP 255 654
PL
APSHELF ECOFF
70 GOME1271 18'' AME RICA
G PLT
TOPCO
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 10'' CHE VUSA
26 27 28 32 33 261
12 ''
141
PL
20
26
PLT
FF
31 KINE 61 278 279
'' C
12
'' K
COCHON 64
CH EV
693
18'' HIGHTRAN
29 PL 694
IP
63 ENERXXI
TO
12'' WGPLT XP ENVEN
O
'' C
EPL
R
ARENA 246 245 144
''
RESERMAN
244 FS MEDCOENR ENERXXI APCORP 282
IN
FELDWOOD FELDWOOD
20
R WTOFF
N
73 72
XP
LP
H
STONEE
TA
68 WTOFF 71 72
EX
75 47 45 44 '' G 40 147 146 SISEN
BU
79 78 10 '' 42 41 EPL
37 10'' WGP 705
VENICE
APCORP
E
30
ENERXXI
88 293 737 739
KINE
87 243
N
85 86 GU 14
VU
240
GRAND 289 288 20'' GEN 738
PR
18''
286
24'' P OP LC
291 290
G
EN
LF 292
10 '' 43 298 297 295 294 287 734 735 742
SH
ENERXXI
CHEVUSA
736
CANTIUM
81 GU SPLC 39 EPL 284 283
SA
O
80 FELDWOOD EPL
46
10' '
APCORP 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 LFSP
20''
KIN EX 69 12'' S HELLP IP STONEE STONEE
740
16''
CHEVUSA
24 ''
90 91
22 ''
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 48 49 52 53 54 55 56 57 PR CHEVUSA IP WTOFF
2
ISLE
LC ANKOR
BPAM
98 97 96 95 94 93 PL GOMSHELF BYRONEN EL LP APCORP WTOFF
285 779 780 782 783 784 PETRONIUS
778
20'' CHE VPL
148
12
12'' CORENRGY
N
20' '
20
RA
RESERMAN 16
'' P
17 18 19 22 23 24 EV
12 ''
255 254 ENVEN ANKOR
21 SH 773 774
16
'' S
XXI
EL LP 307 775 777
12'' GULFS PLC
'' CH WTENERGY
HT
LA
69 30 74 781 785
12
100 94 93 92
'' W
101 68 62 CHEVUSA
97 96 95 WEST DELTA AREA 149 WTOFF WTOFF
16'' WGPL
99 67 65 63 60
ON
WTOFF
108 98 10 T
9 10 WALTER IP
LL
103 104 105 106 107 COXOIL '' N 8 CONPHIL BYRONEN BYRONEN
IN
'' E
IG
G PL
EN ER
66 823 824 829
G PL
IP
820 821
A
AT
PLC
OG
WTOFF
'' H
'' W
T
59
NE
61 ENERXXI
16'' GULFS PLC
311 310
L LP
60
10
827 828 PERSEUS CHEVUSA
14'' S HELLP IP
G PL APCORP
EX
T
70
RX
111
10'' GULFS PLC
108
12
106 109 110
HE
FELDWOOD
105 107 151 816
FOURCHON
14
10'' GULFS
103 104 71 76 77 78 79 80 12 13 15 16 18 36 33 32 31 30 29
12' '
112 111 '' W 15 17 19 EPL EPL WTOFF
'' F
GOMSHELF APCORP
XI
HIGHGATH
ENERXXI
APCORP
116 115 114 113 APCORP
ENERXXI
'' B
'' S
ROB
SOUTH MARSH ISLAND 265 267 28 27
T
ENERXXI
22'' SEA 20 78 152 APCORP 313 IN 867 869 871 872 873 874
M
75 11 WTOFF 314 315 316 858 860 862 864 865
16
ST
PA
73 74 WTOFF WTOFF WTOFF
O
EAST CAMERON AREA 102 72 BYRONEN BYRONEN APSHELF
30'' DG
153 DE
IL
ENERXXI
112 AREA, NORTH ADDITION 91 CANTIUM 24 ''
TALOS EINSET
M
114 113 31 30 29 27
G
121 120 119 118 116 115 269 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 26 25 24 25 24 35 34 APCORP
12' '
FPMCMORN 30 870 ANDAROFF
AS
121 122 123 124 125 126 21 EPL RENAIOFF 26 25 APCORP TALOS 859 861 WALTER 863 866 868 NOBLEENG
274 273 272 271 270 22 '' B
40 6
46 47 48 49 59 912 913 S DORADO 917 918
SOUTH PASS AREA, SOUTH
16 ''
FELDWOOD WTOFF WTOFF WTOFF WTOFF ENERXXI 50 908 910 911
KIN
117 WTOFF PP 904 905 906 909
12
23 20 16'' E PL
T
PL BPEXPLOR
275 276 277 278 280 92 CH EV 12 900 901 902 903
OP LC
AN
AND EAST ADDITION SOI ANDAROFF
'' P
LN
131 102 32 35 36 37 38 20' '
12
128 130
HIGH
100 101 '' CO SOI
U LF
123 127 93 95 96 98 99 27 28
EM
130 129 122 124 125 126 94 97 33 12'' APCORP 10'' K INE XPR 26 RE 31
SN TALOS 45 FELDWOOD FELDWOOD APCORP APCORP APCORP
VIOSCA KNOLL
C
914 ANDAROFF 916 NOBLEENG
H TR
LA
131
TETC
134 133 132 APCORP 16 '' NILE
'' LL
ENERXXI 907HESSCORP 2400
H
41 42
16 ''
NR
ID
COXOIL
IN
43 44 17 FELDWOOD
F FS
E
WTOFF FELDWOOD
EX 29 30 18
957 DORADO 960 961 962
R IM
GY EPL
952 953
TR
TALOS 949 951
IG
A LL
22'' V ENIC
OG
CHEVUSA
2 1 286 285 284 283 282 113 GP 55 54 53 52 50 67 944 945 946
DE
51 14 49 65 64 63 62 61
CO
'' H
20' '
136 135 132 112 111 110 107 106 58 12
AN
138 137 134 133 9 10
'' C
EX
16 '' BP
L
HESSCORP
140 141 142 32 67
XPR
139
'' T
'' W
20
STIN
143 958
VP
CANTIUM
33 60
12
APSHELF
109
HE
64 65
A
120 66 1 SOUTH PELTO AREA 5 984 985
GOME1271 FELDWOOD
145 146 147 148 149 150 151 113B 114 115 116 121 122 GOMSHELF 41 57 995
SN
147 142 143 144 CANTIUM GOMSHELF
42
APCORP STONEFLY FASTBALL
P IP
12
LN
TICA '' SE 4 5 MCMORAN SHIP SHOAL AREA TROFF
APCORP 2 3 4 APCORP 33 32 31 30 29 28 75 76 77 79 80 81 29 31 32 72 71 983 987 992 HESSCORP BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BEACON ANDAROFF ANDAROFF BEACON
36
LL
ULF
GOMSHELF GOMSHELF
COXOIL
10'' K INE 38 39 40 GOMSHELF 27 STONEE
PP
AR GOMSHELF FELDWOOD STONEE
FELDWOOD APCORP ENERXXI
27 APCORP
79 78
ENERXXI
PEOLLC APCORP GOMSHELF 180
77 76 8 7 6
'' KI
HE
OB GOMSHELF 10
13 12 75 74 73 69 68 EPL ENERXXI
40 41 1 2 3
'' B
'' FMANDAROFF 39
IP
161 160 159 158 153 152 14 10 9 133 132 131 130 129A 128 127 126 125 124 123 25 49 47 46 45 78 WHITNE YO
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 STONEE STONEE CARDONA 31 32 33 34 35 36
10'' CRIMG
APCORP
157 155 154 11
LP
BENNU
'' S
24
162 LG 38
NE
158 160 161 70 ENERXXI GOMSHELF 69 70 37 OI
L
8 ANKOR MCMORAN PEOLLC 71 APCORP
34 12'' WILENS FELDWOOD 36 35 34 73 ANKOR AMETHYST 28 APCORP CHEVUSA
EL
33
VP
ARENA ARENA GOMSHELF FELDWOOD EPL
20
XP
CHEVUSA ANDAROFF MURPHYEP
IPIP
156 TOPCO TOPCO APSHELF APCORP APCORP WHITNEYO
85 86 91 36 38 GOMSHELFGOMSHELF 44 96 95 94 37 STONEE STONEE CARDONA S CHEVUSA
16
81 84 12
'' SH
82 83 88 89 90 14 15 35 88 TOTALSA
HE
159 15 16 17 18 19 20 PEOLLC 10 '' 90 PEOLLC 86 85 39 38 77 78 79 80 81 82 KING W 84 85 45 46 47
R
NAVIPET 135 136 137 139 140 141 142 143 144 TALOS SOUTH PASS AREA MISSISSIPPI 75 76
'' LL
171 138 11 93 70 71
ENERXXI
18'' TWC
162 168 169 170 40 50
XX
163 42 67 68 69
'' C
ENERXXI 166 167 CH 66
H EL LP IP
54 55
48
169 165
APCORP
87 APCORP APCORP 44 45 46
OG
47 48
'' L
ENVEN
21
EN
51 89
10
LP
52 53
O
EX
97 96 95 94 18 17 16 ''
GOMSHELF RIDGWOOD RIDGWOOD
12'' CHE VPL
27 26
WALTER 12 ''
STONEE
28 25 24 23 22 154 151 150 149 148 145 EPL FELDWOOD APCORP TALOS
123 124 125 126 127 89 90 91
P1
180 179 178 177 176 175 174 173 172 XPR ARENA APSHELF '' CO46 61 60 58 57 56 97 98 99 101
EPL EPL
109 ORION 111 112 114 117 118 120 121 122 KING
115 116
'' S
3000
175 176 177 178 179 180 EPL 10'' K INE 10
59 105 107 108 109 58 57 108 128 129
''
53 54 55 103
ENERXXI
F
ANKOR
152 147 56 57 58 59 60 L
14'' WG
146 105 106 107 111 112 113 115 21 GRAND ISLE AREA FOCEX '' HI FELDWOOD STONEE DALMATIAN S
10'' RE NAIOF
AR 109 22 23 24 COXOIL
MURPHYEP CHEVUSA NOBLEENG ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF
WALTER
GOME1271 EP
181 GOME1271
32 '' SE 35 108
APCORP COXOIL EPL 10 '' 55 53 GH 10
110 113 CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
29 30 31 34 157 159 160 164 165 166 104 110 114 ENERXXI GA FELDWOOD STONEE '' W 172 173 133 135
AN
AR
OB
182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 16 33 ARENA FELD WOOD ENERXXI 62 63 65 66 67 100 APCORP
106 TH 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171
188 187 186 185 184 177 APCORP EPL TALOS TALOS TALOS STONEE STONEE STONEE TALOS TALOS 25 APCORP 240 151 153 TE 155 156 157
H TR
'' SE 18'' TRKLN 18'' TRKLN 26'' K INE MID 74 148 150 NE KING'S PEAK
64 ENERGYRE 62 61 78
PLT
161 162
30'' ANR
IG
TALOS CHEVUSA NOBLEENG
FOCEX
198 192 '' K 41 SE 175 174 173 172 171 170 169 167 ARENA EPL 76 75 149 APDWLLC 152 Y TOTALEPU WALTER
200 199 196 195 194 193 STONEE STONEE 118 117 68 ENERXXI ENERXXI 65 73 72 71 70 ENVEN
213 214 215 216 217 178 179
'' H
38 GOME1271 APCORP 69 68 18 212 177
18 ''
201 40 39 AR
178 116 APCORP ARENA 300 203 204 205 207 208 209 210 211
EXPR
WALTER
193 194 195 196 197 198 IN NSTAROFF OB 176 SOUTH PASS AREA, SOUTH 83 195 196 197 198 199 200 202 '' S
EX 80 192 193 194
16
42 37 128 129 130 131 132 134 136 138 30'' TRKLNGA S 81 82 83 85 ENERGYRE 87 88 MICA ODD JOB
IP
197BANDONLP PR FELDWOOD FELDWOOD APCORP APCORP APCORP 84 ROOSLEU M 123 126 127 AND EAST ADDITION STONEE LLOGEX EL
LP
45 46 47 48 49 180 182 183 184 16 '' 185 188 189 75 121 201 REDROCK 206 LP LLOGBLUE STONEE TOTALEPU TOTALEPU DEEPGULF DEEPGULF ANDAROFF BPEXPLOR BPAPROD BPEXPLOR MURPHYEP MURPHYEP
KIN
LLOGEX
12'' CH
202 203 204 205 208 210 APCORP WTOFF 133 76 77 78 86 74 75 76 77 78 79 119 ENVEN ENVEN
260 261 221 222
24
30'' MIS
G 244
Y
242
'' S
PLT 186 APCORP 151 150 148 147 146 145 144 143 142 141 140 91 90 89 126 125 236 237 238 239
'' S
ISEN
206 207 209 179 ARENA NSTAROFF APCORP 135 132 NSTAROFF
243 MATTERHORN
EA
OB
131 RATON
18
52 51
24
EVP
56 55 54 53 199 197 196 195 194 193 192 RIDGWOOD DEEPGULF BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR
26'' WGPLT
221 220
AR
NS
WTOFF
H
SICA
91 294
F FS
291
B
152 153 156 157 159 160 161 162 163 99 BANDONLP 288 289 290
'' SE
SOUTH MARSH ISLAND AREA 198 158 101 102 104 105 106 107 128 129 285 286 287
ROB
'' GE
154 TALOS 282
R
ARENA ACONCAGUA
O
COXOIL
127 TALOS S RATON
CO
MCMORAN
63 103 142 LP HANDS
B
213 BYRONEN 58 201 202 203 204 206 209 210 211 ARENA
89 90
12'' CRI
26
BPEXPLOR
N
CENTRYX 100 APSHELF IP 296 SOI STONEE RIDGWOOD ANDAROFF
12
LLOGEX LLOGEX
224 225 227 229 230 MCMORAN NOBLEENG LLOGBLUE
24'' SEA
59 60 ANKOR BPEXPLOR
'' T
224 223 222 228 205 GOME1271 WALTER ARENA ARENA ICE 304 305 WEST DELTA AREA, 145 278
12'' CORENRGY CHEVUSA ENVEN ENVEN ENIPEXCO CHEVUSA SOI SOI
347 348 349 309 310
219 175 174 173 172 170 169 168 167 166 165 341 342 344 345 346 311
TALOS
57 APCORP BYRONEN 61 62 ARENA ARENA ARENA 207 CHEVUSA 171 111 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 94 93 24 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 HESSCORP
20
TANAEXPL CHEVUSA
221 220 233 232 70 69 68 67 221 220 219 218 217 216 214 213 212 CLF COXOIL 112 TALOS 108 ARENA
348 ENERXXI ENERXXI 323 AT
239 238 236 234 349 350 309 310 338 SOI BPEXPLOR
NG
REDWILLO ATPOIL
241 FELDWOOD ARENA
151 150 149 148 146 327 ANDAROFF BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR ANDAROFF
KL
233 234 95 96
PR
229 230 232 176 177 178 179 180 181 183 184 186 187 141 142 144 145
APCORP
321 322
XP CHEVUSA ENVEN ENVEN
391 392 393 353 354
TI
BYRONEN
147 148 149 153 L 381 382 383 384 385 387 NEARLY HEADLESS 355
N
231 76 77 78 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 APCORP COXOIL COXOIL ARENA APSHELF
KEPLER 10'' B PAPRDEEPGULF
12
74 HOUSGYLP
75 APCORP WTOFF APCORP 24 143 12'' ARE 360 361
S
WTOFF RENAIOFF
PA
12
LLOGEX SOI
30'' K INE XPR FELDWOOD
30'' K INE XPR 199 RENAIOFF 195 191 189 188 168 167 166 165 164 163 OB
372 BPEXPLOR CHEVUSA BPAPROD
EL
238 236 OFF 194 193 190 AR 353 600 363 364 368 435 436 437 397 398
'' CR
12'' CRIM
237 243 244 248 249 BYRONEN ANKOR EPL EPL APCORP MCMORAN ARENA ARENA ARENA
161 20 ''
SE 158 157 362 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 BEACON 429 430 431 432 433 434 399
SON BYRONEN PEROILG 419
20 ''
PEROILG
COXOIL 30'' K INE XPR 30'' K INE XPR 241 240 238 236 20 234 GOMSHELF TALOS 197 196 SH
192
FELDWOOD APCORP 91 394 354 ANDAROFF APSHELF
411 412 413 415 417 LLOGBLUE
242 241 240 239 86 85 84 244 243 APCORP APCORP APCORP WALTER ARENA 408 409 410 427 ARIEL BPEXPLOR SON OF BLUTO II
30'' DGT
'' SE 162 24
404 405
IM
12'' CRI
256 254 253 252 82 237 AR 200 201 202 203 204 FELDWOOD 206 FELDWOOD 209 10 160 159 '' SE 94 92 397 398 399 400 401 402 CHEVUSA 428 DEEPGULF BPEXPLOR
252 253 261 208 210 169 170 171 173 BPAPROD LLOGEX HESSCORP SOI SOI SOI
SO
260 TALOS '' SE 438 LLOGBLUE TOTALEPU HESSCORP CHEVUSA
249 20'' TETC 257 83 81 80 79 245 242 239 ARENA ARENA 235 OB
120 174 177 178 179 180 181
AR 1200 407 414 416 418 441 442
TALOS FELDWOOD 207 EPL AR TALOS OB PARDNER 406 CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
470 471 474 476 477 478 479 480 481 443
N
259 258 255 WALTER WALTER
94 247 248 251 255 FELDWOOD 211 OB 172 176 93 ENERXXI
403 460 461 463 464 465 CHEVUSA
247 248 250 251 FELDWOOD 87 88 89 91 92 93 250 253 256 EPL RESERMAN 437 ENERXXI
451 453 454 455 456 457 458 459
MSO
BPEXPLOR
262 266 267 268 269 270 271 R
223 222 221 220 217 216 214 213 212 175 APSHELF APSHELF FELDWOOD 95 97 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 BEACON 475
260 259 258 257 256 255 254 FELDWOOD
246 24 ''
AN
249
ARENA MARQUISO 195 194 193 192
ARENA
482 441 442 APPALOOSA 466 467 468 469 472 473 BPEXPLOR LLOGEX SOI SOI SOI SOI
265 90
COXOIL ARENA ARENA ARENA 219 190 189 187 186 185 184
HESSCORP HESSCORP MURPHYEP
486
H
ENIOILUS
525 485
N
102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 FELDWOOD 266 264 263 RENAIOFF UNOCAL WTOFF
188
FELDWOOD
500 501 505 506 507 508 509
281 280 279 278 277 276 275 274 273 ARENA ARENA 224 20'' WG 227 228 230 232 198 199 200 201 ARENA APSHELF GOME1271 100 99 98 481 487 488 489 490 491 492 494 495 496 497 498 499 ENIOILUS WHO DAT CHEVUSA BPAPROD RIDGWOOD FOURIER RYDBERG
269 270 271 EPL EPL 485 504 WRIGLEY
30'' TCO
EPL
65 268 272 FELDWOOD 265 262 261 ENERGYRE PLT 233 197 202 206 525 526 502 LLOGEX
HESSCORP BPAPROD HESSCORP MURPHYEP MURPHYEP BEACON SANTIAGO BPAPROD 521 SOI SOI ECOPETRO SOI
COXOIL FELDWOOD
225 226 234 235 207 208 209 ZIA LONGHORN LLOGEX LLOGEX
18
LLOGEX
FELDWOOD FELDWOOD 276
ENERGYRE ENVEN ANKOR ANKOR WTOFF GOME1271 204 ENVEN
493 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 SANTA CRUZ 566 567 ECOPETRO 569 529 530 531
BANDONLP 104 105 107 108 271 272 273 277 278 552 553 554
'' S
266 267 287 288 289 291 103 110 269 270 274 246 241 203 ENVEN
HOUSGYLP
486 544 545 546 548 549 16'' LLO 551
283 284 285 286 290 247 244 102 103 542
16'' S EARO
D WOOD
282 APSHELF 109 245 240 239 236 215 214 213 211 FELDWOOD 104 539 540 541 563 BPEXPLOR LLOGBLUE FOURIER
HE
10'' TRK 536 537 ISABELA
277 275 274 273 272 ENERGYRE
243 242 238 530 531 532 533 534 535 GE X 568
16' '
8 276 EUGENE ISLAND AREA, LP IP ARENA ARENA FELDWOOD LNG 529 LLOGEX X APDWLLC APDWLLC MURPHYEP
S SANTA CRUZ SOI SOI SOI
LL
FELDWOOD FOCEX BEACON BPAPROD BPAPROD DEEPGULF
180 APSHELF TALOS
268 FELDWOOD FELDWOOD ANKOR WTOFF 237 212 221 222 223 224 225 AS GOME1271 101 GULFSLOP GULFSLOP MEDUSA N LLOGDEEP 13'' LLOGE 550
543 574
P IP
EAST CAMERON AREA, GOMEX GOME1271 288 L 282 281 280 12' ' ENVEN
607 608 609 610 611 612 613 573 575
SH ELL
TANAEXPL
16
CH EVUSA
14''
NEXENUSA 603
292 118 117 112 SOUTH ADDITION S HE 601 604
MURPHYEP COBALT CHEVUSA
293 113 289 248 249 250 251 252 253 255 257 258 216 217 218 219 18 SH WTOFF
108 107 MURPHYEP
591 592 593 594 595 596 597 599 600
'' M
301 300 299 298 297 296 295 294 '' '' D 226 EL LP
228 106 105 581 582 583 585 587 588 LLOGDEEP APC ILXPROSP DOVER SOI MURPHYEP MURPHYEP
SOUTH ADDITION 579 580 MURPHYEP BALLYMORE
NSNA
FELDWOOD
SH ELL
286 285 284 283 IP 576 578 EX MURPHYEP MURPHYEP
AN
PIP
IP
285 '' W 121 122 271 270 269 265 264 12 243 242 584 647 649 651 652 656 657
LP
648
18
20 '' W
283 284 260 241 239 WALTER 645
IP
BPPL
302 303 304 305 306 307 308 TALOS 268 263 633 634 635 636 637 638 NSNA C
C
FELDWOOD
20 20 111 112 632
PIP
'' S
631
LP
RENAIOFF 113
24
W
296 295 294 293 119 120 298 299 '' C 261 16
622 623 624 625 626 CHEVUSA
10'' WTOFF
621
EL
FELDWOOD FELDWOOD
18
266 617
HE
267 262 251 252 619 620
'' T
292 253 254 255 256 APSHELF
'' W
311 310 309 308 306 305 302 301 109 '' S
641
18
LL
20' '
O
'' S
TALOS
312 134 133 272 273
24' '
FELDWOOD 304 278 279 SO 281 283 244 245 LLOGEX 700 701 661 662
G PL
P IP
318 317 316 315 314 313 TALOS 249 LC H EL 686 687 688
20
322 320 319 N 116 115 114 680 681 682 HESSCORP 684 685
C
TA
669
TET
BLIND FAITH
T
FELDWOOD
129 FELDWOOD FOCEX DYNAMOFF TALOS ENERGYRE 275 276 277 280 246 247 248 266 SOUTH ADDITION 261 260 665 666 667 668
AN
LP
FELDWOOD ENERGYRE ENERGYRE 312
APCORP MONFORTE '' C 259 117 FELDWOOD APSHELF 663 664 TUBULAR BELLS 690 691 MENSA 697 NOBLEENG NOBLEENG NOBLEENG NOBLEENG NOBLEENG EXONMOBL EXONMOBL
315 316 317 318 319 320 322 689 COBALT
NTA
IP
295 R IM CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
'' M
FELDWOOD 137 138 139 140 313 ARENA 294 293 292 MONFORTE 289 288 287 286 284 270 269 268 267 264 702 674 HESSCORP HESSCORP 683 706
16''
326 327 328 329 330 333 290 SO 265 263 262 118 119 120 736 737 738 739 740 742 707
24
333 328 327 326 325 324 323 296 279 706 LLOGEX 709 710 HESSCORP HESSCORP 728 TRITON 741
KODIAK 735
ROD
EXONMOBL
309 ARENA APSHELF ENERGYRE FELDWOOD
144 143 24' ' 297 298 299 302 272 273 745 746 705 SOI
731 732 733 NOBLEENG CHEVUSA DEEPGULF DEEPGULF
334 150 301 274 CHEVUSA
14 TALOS TALOS
338 337 336 335 148 147 146 145 APCORP SEAR APCORP 275 276
281 282 APCORP 121
STONEE
SOI
12'' WILFIE
LD HESSCORP LLOGBLUE
MURPHYEP
785 786 787 788 789 749 750
323 324 325 344 343 342 341 340 784 751
ARENA S DEIMOS 782
PL
339 156 336 338 339 340 344 345 319 318 317 316 315 314 313 312 310 309 308 299 298 297 296 788 789 790 749 750 752 753 754 W BOREAS SOI SOI SOI GOLDFINGER 783 COBALT
'' G
TALOS WTOFF 20
348 349 350 352 353 354 355 ENVEN
341 294 ANDUIN PRINCESS SOI RIDGWOOD ENIPEXCO CHEVUSA 24'' GEN 794
345 346 347 351 831 832 833 793
16
'' S 335 ARENA 300 APCORP APCORP APCORP APCORP 825 826 795 SOI
823 824 827 828
12' '
RO
342 343 311 RIDGWOOD
819 820 821
20 ''
REDWILLO
331 330 329 337
APCORP ARENA ARENA ARENA FELDWOOD WTOFF APCORP FELDWOOD ANDUIN W FELDWOOD APCORP
813 814 SISEN
12'' CHE
812
EN
328 '' TE TIN SOUTH MARSH ISLAND 157 10'' ATP 804 805 807 808 809 308 FELDWOOD WALTER BEACON LLOGEX
OIL 803 REDWILLO
240 WALTER 829 830 822
FS
32 354 353 352 351 350 347 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 328 329 330 798 331 300
799 800 801 302 12'' FELDWOOD
MC
327 326 TC G
166 AREA, SOUTH ADDITION 159 346 VALLEY FORGE SOI SOI MARS B SOI 831 832 834 EXONMOBL 793 NOBLEENG
OF
DONLP BANDONLP
PEROILG 364 363 362 306 307 796 GLADDEN ANDAROFF
N
OFFP
P IP
337 338 339 340 341 342 343 366 355 APCORP COXOIL APCORP 304 864 865 866 867 868
IE LD
KNIGTRES SOI
BANDONLP ENVEN 165 164 163 162 APCORP 160 335 310 309 APCORP
FELDWOOD WALTER RIDGWOOD RIDGWOOD REDWILLO 797
WTOFF
850 852 853 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863
359 360 361 362 364 343 SOUTH ADDITION 339 338 337 336 334 333 332 315 314 313 NAVIPET WALTER 849
LL
171 876
30'' GARDNB NK
WTOFF ENERGYRE
370 372 373 374 375 376 0 GULFSLOP GULFSLOP 871 877 878 BPEXPLOR EXONMOBL BPEXPLOR EXONMOBL TOTALEPU ANDAROFF
346 RENAIOFF 367 368 369 342 341 340 600 LLOGEX
363 854
'' S
350 349 348 347 371 173 COXOIL COXOIL 365 PLC WTOFF RENAIOFF WALTER EWING BANK 878 SOI SOI SOI SOI SOI SOI SOI
907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 921 881 882 883
345 347 348 352 20'' PO 354
SOI
900 901 902 903 904 905 906 920
20
ENERXXI
RENAIOFF 377 376 375 374 373 372 370 369 368 344 346 349 350 GULFSLOP 355 316 317 318 319 320 ENVEN ENVEN NAVIPET LLOGBLUE BROFF
890 891 892 893 894 895 12 897 898 899
PEROILG
176 175 378 911 887 888 889 '' AT
912 913 886
FMOILGAS RENAIOFF BANDONLP GULFSLOP GULFSLOP
915 916 884 885 896
379 378 180 179 178 177 371 WTOFF WTOFF 351 WTOFF 914 917 918 919 920 922 WALTER 881 882 883 SOI
ENERGYRE
388 387 386 384 382 381 380 182 181
HOUSGYLP
20'' POP
LC 20'' P OP LC WTOFF WTOFF POPLC 353 TA APCORP WTOFF RENAIOFF ENIOILUS PO SOI
ECOPETRO FELDWOOD APC EXONMOBL
55 357 358 359 361 385 HOUSGYLP GULFSLOP 20'' N IP 921 LLOGBLUE SOI IL CROSBY
959 960 961 962 963 964 965 925 926 927
GULFSLOP
364 363 362 361 360 359 A
953 954 955 956 957 958
N
SOI
379 357 356 948 949 950 951 952
LP WTOFF WALTER BLACK WIDOWWALTER
IN G
356 16
ENIPEXCO 16 '' S 960 961 962 963 925 926 927 928 MORGUS GUNFLINT Q
ST
964
20
392 393
'' E
389 390 391 399 382 383 WTOFF WTOFF FELDWOOD '' M 20 948 965 966 EUROPA MIRAGE ANDAROFF ANDAROFF BPEXPLOR
368 365 364 363 362 ECOPETRO ECOPETRO
'' S
RIDGWOOD
12
GYRE 366 367 AN 950 951 2400 SOI STATOIL STATOIL SOI SOI
1007 1008 1009 969 970 971
16 ''
EN ER 394 395 396 397 398 393 392 391 390 976 389 982 983 984 TA WALTER ENVEN PRINCE 989 990 991 992 993 994
'' W 977 978
16 979 986 987 988 1006
985
EL
12' ' 198 300 192 WTOFF 991 992 993 994 14 997
WALTER ENVEN ENIOILUS APDWLLC
978 979 980 981 982 983 984
TI
367 366 193 WTOFF 988 989 998 999 1000 1001 1002 973 974 975 976 977
LP
407 406 405 404 403 402 401 400 195 388 APSHELF '' P 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 970 971 972
'' S
FLEX 85 45 46 45 48 49
SOI SOI CHEVUSA 600 72 G PL 81 NAVIPET 84 46 47 TELEMARK ANDAROFF
9 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 89 90 91 92 93
WHISTLER WILDWELL WILDWELL TALOS HESSCORP T HEALEY SOI ANDAROFF
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
94 95 97 98
HESSCORP EXONMOBL HESSCORP
75 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 89 90 91
12'' WIL
600 117 1200 99 100 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 78 BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR 82 83 BPEXPLOR
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111
SOI 1200 110 112 ENVEN 115 116 14
97 98 99 100 101
20' '
3 154 156 157 159 162 163 164 165 166 168 170 172 173 133 134 135 136 137 138 139
WILDWELL WILDWELL S OTALOS MOGUSA MOGUSA HESSCORP 117
N STATGULF HESSCORP
163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 133 134 135
140 142 143 144 118 119 S
157 158 159 160 161 162
10
145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 I IS BPAPROD BPEXPLOR MURPHYEP
150 151 152 153 154 155 156
EL LP
TULANE 171 153 154 155 157 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149
'' M
HESSCORP COBALT
BRUTUS
CO
7 198 199 200 201 202 203 205 206 209 EXONMOBL MOGUSA 156 HESSCORP ANDAROFF SOI SOI SOI
207 208 210 211 213 214 PENN STATE DEEP 178 LLOGEX 159 APC APC ANDAROFF APC
211 212 213 214 215 216 217 177 178 179
28' '
NORTHWESTERN 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 195 196 197 198 164 REDWILLO BPAPROD BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
199 200 201 189 190 191
ELLPIP
APC
260 261 222 223 224 FELDWOOD SOI
254 255 256 257 258 259
1800
MOCOMP
259 221 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 BRUTUS RU 204 205 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253
12'' SH
IGR
COTTONWOOD 14'' S HELLP IP 258 HESSCORP 237 239 240 241 ASPEN 243 244 245 246
BPAPROD BPAPROD
231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240
247 PHOENIX 238 248 249 250 251 C 254 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 VORTEX
PETROBRA 255 256 257 WTOFF ANDAROFF HESSCORP APC APC ANDAROFF 225 253 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 221 222 261 COBALT COBALT COBALT
5 286 287 288 289 291 SOI SOI SOI TALOS ENERGYRE ENERGYRE ENERGYRE DROSHKY GLIDER TW SOI
292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 305 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273
242
LLOGBLUE HESSCORP MOCOMP 247
EXONMOBL 16'' STATGULF STATGULF SOI SOI
292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 265 266 267
274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286
ENVEN EXONMOBL EXONMOBL 252 ENIPEXCO
281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290
1800 24 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280
290 PYRENEES 00 ANDAROFF
TORNADO 295 296 ENIOILUS 298 BPAPROD MURPHYEP 301 265 266 267 268 269 270 271
DEEPGULF POWER 303 304 BORIS 287 302 303 304 305 291
COBALT COBALT COBALT COBALT
9 330 331 333 334 335 336 337 338 340 341 ENERGYRE ENERGYRE ENERGYRE EXONMOBL 297 ALLEGHENY S SOI SOI
2400
342 343 344 PLAY 347 348 349 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318
HESSCORP SOI
335 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 348 310 311
SARGENT 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 ENIPEXCO CLIPPER 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 JUBILEE
HABANERO 346 329 330 331 333 FRONT RUNNER 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 JUBILEE
332 345 334 340 341 342 343 344 LLOGBLUE 346 309 310 311 312 313 314 EXTENSION
DEEPGULF DEEPGULF SOI 347 347 349
24'' S HELLP
ANDAROFF ANDAROFF EXONMOBL EXONMOBL BPAPROD BPEXPLOR 3000 FRONT RUNNER S 348 336
374 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 385 386 387 388 EXONMOBL EXONMOBL 332
16'' GENS ISEN
390 391 393 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 336 337 MURPHYEP MURPHYEP EXONMOBL EXONMOBL KHALEESI
378 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 353 354 355
3000 384 LLANO 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 373 374 345 HOUSGYLP
369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377
376 377 378 379 380 QUATRAIN 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368
383 384 385 359
IP
3 375 389 392 20 '' 387 388 390 391 353 354 355 356 357 358
HESSCORP HESSCORP 392
LP
7 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 428 429 430 433 434 436 437 397 398 399 400 401 402
EXONMOBL EXONMOBL 372 375 381 NS
389 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 397 399
403 404 405 406 ENVEN ISE 423 424 425 426 427 398
H
MURPHYEP
CARDAMOM 410 411 412 413 414 ENIOILUS
417 418 419
'' S
'' G
HESSCORP HESSCORP SOI SOI 431 432 435 EXONMOBL 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 397 398 399 400 CHEYENNE
ECOPETRO ECOPETRO 422
EN
1 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 441 442 443 444 445
TALOS 415 TALOS HESSCORP SAMURAI 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 441 442 443
446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 CHEVUSA ANDAROFF 430
DEEPGULF
463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471
SI
SERRANO 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465
BHPBILLI MURPHYEP REDWILLO LLOGBLUE ENVEN APC
454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461
466 467 468 469 BPEXPLOR
450 451 452 453
SE
HER 470 472 473 474 475 476 477 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449
ENERGYRE SOI SOI 3000 PONY 478 479 480 481 441
N
ENERGYRE BHPBILLI BHPBILLI HESSCORP EXONMOBL REPSOLYP APDWLLC ECOPETRO BPEXPLOR KNOTTY HEAD 523 524 525 CHEVUSA CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
552 553 554 555 556 557 558 517 APC WILDLING-2
TO
550 551 559 560 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 CHEVUSA SOI CHEVUSA 519 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 529 530 531
538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547
STATGULF STATGULF NEXENUSA
546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556
BU
LLOGBLUE
OREGANO 548 EXONMOBL 550 552 554 555
ANDAROFF APC BHPBILLI BHPBILLI
539 540 541 542 543 544 545
9 561 551 556 557 558 559 561 WARRIOR 563 564 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 LLOYD RIDGE
EN
SOI SOI 565 566 567 568 569 529 530 531 CHEVUSA
BPEXPLOR BPEXPLOR
FF
3 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 EXONMOBL EXONMOBL 549 SOI 553 K2 APC 611 612 613 573 574 575
10 ''
613 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584
SOI
560 APC 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610
U TO
SOI COBALT EXONMOBL EXONMOBL CHEVUSA 597 ' DIS FRIESIAN 610 611 573 574
MURPHYEP BPAPROD BPEXPLOR 589 16' 609 612
'' E
7 638 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 617 618 619 620 621 622
EXONMOBL APC APC NEPTUNE 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 617 618 619
623 624 625 626 627 628 629 CHEVUSA CHEVUSA ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF 603 ANDAROFF MARCO POLO 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647
16
SOI 641
EXONMOBL EXONMOBL HESSCORP BPAPROD BPAPROD BPAPROD TAHITI CHEVUSA BHPBILLI BHPBILLI 655 656 618
1 683 684 685 686 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 700 701 661
CHEVUSA CHEVUSA SOI DANIEL BOONE GENGHIS KHAN 654 696 697 698 699 700 701 661 662 663
662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 CHEVUSA CHEVUSA 643 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695
2400
709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722
STATGULF STATGULF HESSCORP ANDAROFF APDWLLC APDWLLC 695 696 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736
723 724 725 726 727 728 729 BPAPROD BPEXPLOR 718 719 720 721 722 723
UTO
726 730 732 733 734 735 736 737 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717
EXONMOBL SOI APC SOI 741 WEST TONGA CALPURNIA 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 705 706 707 708 709
STATGULF CHEVUSA CHEVUSA CHEVUSA STATGULF UNOCAL
20'' ENB
9 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 749 750 751 752 753
UNOCAL RIDGWOOD RIDGWOOD ANDAROFF CHEVUSA APC APC LLOGEX GREEN CANYON ATLANTIS 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 749 750 751
754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766
REPSOLYP
767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779
MAGNOLIA 767 768 769 770 772 773 774 776
BPEXPLOR BPAPROD BPAPROD BPAPROD
759 760 761 762 763 764
APC 765 766 APC APC
777 778 779 780 781 782 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603
CHEVUSA SOI SOI SOI CONPHIL CONPHIL SOI SOI ANDAROFF ANDAROFF CHEVUSA STATGULF
TICONDEROGA 771 783 784 786 RS 788 789 749 750 586 587 588 589 590 591 592
CHEVUSA CHEVUSA TOTALEPU CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
3 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 793 794 795 796 797 798
RIDGWOOD NOBLEENG APC NOBLEENG REPSOLYP 6000 DI
G
RS 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 793 794 795
799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810
APDWLLC ANDAROFF
785 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822
D IG 787 809 BHPBILLI
BPAPROD BPAPROD AR
811 812 813 814 815 816 817 REPSOLYP 819 820 '' M 803 804 805 806 807 808 APC APC APC
ANCHOR 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 16 R
794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 644 645 646 647
TOTALSA COBALT SOI BHPBILLI COBALT COBALT ANDAROFF SOI ANDAROFF
A 831 832 833 793
7 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869
REPSOLYP APC CHEVUSA TOTALEPU CHEVUSA CHEVUSA LLOGBLUE MAD DOG '' M SOI
870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846
COBALT 818 REPSOLYP STONEE 24 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 837 838 839
847 848 849 850 852 853 856
BHPBILLI BPAPROD BPAPROD
BPAPROD 830 MURPHYEP SPIDERMAN 852 853 854 MURPHYEP 855 856 857
APC 858 859 860 861 862 643
857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 846 847 848 849 850 851
851 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691
TOTALEPU BHPBILLI TOTALEPU TOTALEPU COBALT ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF
STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF TOTALEPU CHEVUSA CHEVUSA MURPHYEP HEIDELBERG 875 877 837
854 855
24 ''
1 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 918 919 920 2400 881
921 882 883
921 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894
APC STONEE NOBLEENG NOBLEENG APC APC
903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917
895 896 898 899
ANDAROFF ANDAROFF BPAPROD BPAPROD BPEXPLOR
876 896 CHEVUSA 897 BHPBILLI 898 MURPHYEP899 900 901 902
CH
900 901 902 903 904 905 906 908 909 889 890 891 892 893 894
MURPHYEP MURPHYEP
895
910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735
919
EV
CHEVUSA CHEVUSA COBALT COBALT COBALT STATGULF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF 897 920 921
5 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 REDWILLO
925 926 927
PL
961 962 963 964 965 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936
APC APC 907 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965
NORTH PLATTE 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 EXONM OBL 940 APDWLLC 941 APDWLLC 942 943 944 945 946 947 948
949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939
CHEVUSA CHEVUSA COBALT COBALT 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 925 926 927 928 929 930 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 769 770 771 772 773 774 30 776 777 778 779
SOI SOI COBALT ANDAROFF ANDAROFF HOUSGYLP CHEVUSA 965 00
9 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 969 970 971 972 973 974 975
HOUSGYLP LLOGBLUE LLOGBLUE EXONMOBL APC DE SOTO CANYON 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1007 1008 1009 969 970 971
976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991
ANDAROFF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF LLOGBLUE LLOGBLUE TOTALEPU 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 766 998
997 767 768 775
992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983
1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 817 818 1006819 820 821 822 823
COBALT TOTALEPU SOI TOTALSA TOTALEPU
CHEVUSA LLOGBLUE REDWILLO
1008 1009
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 1 2 3 4 5 6
STONEE STONEE STATGULF
31 32 33
814 815 81635
34 36 37 38 39 40 41 1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 BHPBILLI 21 BHPBILLI 22 23 24 25 26 MURPHYEP27 MURPHYEP 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
COBALT COBALT 31 32 33 34 35 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 862 863 864 865 866 867
90
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
REDWILLO LLOGBLUE STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF LLOGBLUE CHEVUSA CHEVUSA 42 76 77 78 79 86180 81 82 83 84 85 45 46 47
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 STONEE 70 ANDAROFF71 72 73 74 MURPHYEP 75
SHENANDOAH 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
CHEVUSA STATOIL CHEVUSA
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 86 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 907 908 909 910 911
STATGULF SOI APC APC ANDAROFF STATGULF STATGULF 81 82 83 84 85
9 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 65
FF
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 SOI OBL
YUCATAN 99 100 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955
STATGULF SOI 127 128 129 130 89 90 91 92
10'' ENB
5 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 265 266 267 268 269 CHEVUSA 9000 227 ATLAS 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 265 266 267
270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284
PETROBRA
282 283 284 285 286 EXONM 287 288 EXONM 289 290 EXONM 291 292 293 EXONM
KASKIDA 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 274 275 276 277 278 279 COBALT
BHPBILLI 280 COBALT 281 OBL OBL OBL EXONM OBL OBL
294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 265 266 270 271 272 273 95 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
STATGULF CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF EXONMOBL EXONMOBL
302 303 304 305 306 92 93 94 96 97 98 99
VENARI VENARI
9 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 309 310 311 312 313 315 CHEVUSA STATGULF 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 309 310 311
316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 267 268 269 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 EXONM 335 336 337 EXONM 338
328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 318 319 320 321 322 323
BHPBILLI 324 325 OBL OBL
314 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163
STATGULF STATGULF SOI
STATGULF STATGULF COBALT EXONMOBL CHEVUSA 346 347 348 349 350 309
3 374 REPSOLYP REPSOLYP
375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 354 358 359 360
ANDAROFF VENARI VENARI STATGULF
382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 353 354 355
20'' DISCP ROD 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 EXO NM
373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 BHPBILLI 368 OBL
382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207
SA STATGULF STATGULF SOI CHEVUSA SOI SOI SOI SOI 353 355 356 357 COBALT CHEVUSA
390 391 392 393 394
REPSOLYP REPSOLYP
7 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 433 434 435 436 437 397 398 399 400 401 402 403
VENARI
426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 397 398 399
432 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 414 BHPBILLI 415 416 417 418 419 BHPBILLI420 BHPBILLI421 422 423 424 EXONM 425
416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 COBALT OBL APC
426 427 428 429 400 401 402 403
PL
VENARI EXONMOBL STATGULF SOI 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 397 398 399 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251
SOI SOI 437 438
EV
REPSOLYP
1 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 441 442 443 444 445 446 SOI 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 441 442 443
447 448 449 450 451 466 467 468 EXONM 469 470
CH
452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462
PETROBRA
456 COBALT 457 BHPBILLI 458 BHPBILLI459 BHPBILLI 460 461 462 463 BHPBILLI464 BHPBILLI465 OBL EXONM OBL EXONM OBL
6000 EXONMOBL 463 464 465 466 467 468 470 471 472 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 COBALT
473 474 443 444 445
24 ''
ENIOILUS ENIOILUS STATGULF 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 441 442 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295
STATGULF STATGULF CHEVUSA CHEVUSA CHINOOK
507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 SOI SOI 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 485 486 487
5 506 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504
PETROBRA
503 504 505 506 507 508 BHPBILLI509 510 511 512 513
505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500
COBALT 501
ANDAROFF BHPBILLI
502
COBALT SOI
514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339
STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF CHEVUSA TUCKER STONES 522 523 524 525 526
CHEVUSA
9 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 529 530 531 532 533 534
SOI SOI SOI SOI SOI
559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 529 530 531
535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 546 APC547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558
548 552 553 554 555 556 557 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 COBALT
TUCKER 551 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383
STATGULF STATGULF EXONMOBL CHEVUSA
566 567 568 569 570
3 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 573 574
EXONMOBL CHEVUSA CHEVUSA BEACON BPEXPLOR 549 550 SOI SOI 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 573 574 575
575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588
SOI
593 594 CHEVUSA 595 CHEVUSA 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606
589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 583 584 585 587 COBALT 588 COBALT 589 COBALT 590 COBALT 591 592
JULIA 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421
STATGULF STATGULF
608 609 610 611 612 613 614 573 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 422 423 424 425 426 427
EXONMOBL EXONMOBL
7 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 617 618 619 620 621 622 623
SOI SOI SOI SOI
646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 617 618 619
624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 634 635 636 COBALT 637 638 639 CHEVUSA 640 641 642 643 COBALT 644 645
637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 624 625 626 627 628 629 631 632 633 COBALT COBALT COBALT
646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471
ANDAROFF REPSOLYP REPSOLYP STATGULF STATGULF STATGULF ANDAROFF ANDAROFF EXONMOBL EXONMOBL CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
654 655 656 657 658
1 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 661 662 663 664 665 666
UNOCAL UNOCAL
691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 661 662 663
667 668 669 670 671 672 673 675 676 677 678 679 678 COBALT 679 COBALT 680 681 682 683 684 COBALT 685 COBALT 686 687 COBALT 688 689 690
LEON 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 668 669 670 671 672 673 675 676 677
ST. MALO 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515
ANDAROFF REPSOLYP REPSOLYP BPEXPLOR STATGULF 698 699 700 701 702 488
5 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 674 UNOCAL UNOCAL
737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 731 COBALT 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 705 706 707
715 716 717 718 719 721 722 723 724 725 726 720 COBALT 721 COBALT 722 COBALT 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 COBALT
MOCCASIN 720 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 710 713 714 715 716 719 COBALT
COBALT
736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 705 706 707 708 709 711 712 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559
APC APC APC LLOGEX ANDAROFF ANDAROFF BPAPROD BPAPROD BPAPROD
CHEVUSA CHEVUSA 744 745 746
9 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 749 750 751 752 753 754 WALKER RIDGE 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 749 750 751
755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778
768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 757 758 759 760 COBALT
763 764 765
JACK 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603
ANDAROFF APC BUCKSTON LLOGEX EXONMOBL EXONMOBL APC APC CHEVUSA CHEVUSA
786 787 788 789 790
3 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 793 795
800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 LLOYD
816 817 RIDGE 818 819 820 821 822 823
814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 799 800 801 802 803 804 807
824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 793 794 795 796 797 798 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647
DEEPGULF ANDAROFF APC BUCKSTON BUCKSTON BUCKSTON BPEXPLOR APC APC APC APC CHEVUSA CHEVUSA 832 833 834
7 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 852 853 854 855 856 857 CHEVUSA 858 CHEVUSA 859 860 861 862 863 BHPBILLI864 BHPBILLI865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 837 839
LA MS AL GA
BUCKSTON BUCKSTON
BUCKSKIN
ANDAROFF
APC
APC APC APC
859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 851
664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 TX
1 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 920 921 881 882 883 884 885 886 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 881 883
919 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 898 899 900 901 902 CHEVUSA 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910
LUCIUS 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 889 890 891 892 895CHEVUSA
BHPBILLI 896 BHPBILLI 897
910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735
918 919
5 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961
EXONMOBL EXONMOBL
962 963
APC
964
ANDAROFF ANDAROFF
965 925 926 927 928 929 930 931
920 921 922
954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 925 927
FL
932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953
HADRIAN S LOGAN 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 932 933 934 935 936 939 BHPBILLI
BHPBILLI 940 BHPBILLI
955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779
EXONMOBL EXONMOBL ANDAROFF ANDAROFF APC APC 963 964 965 966
9 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 975 976 977 978 979 980 983CHEVUSA 984CHEVUSA 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1 inch equals approximately 17 miles
1009 969 971
Eastern
999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 969 970 971 972 973 974 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823
1007 1008 1009 1010
1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 10 36 37 38 39 5 40 41 0 1 2 3 10 20 30 Miles Extent
PHOBOS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 2 3 4
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 45 47
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
SIGSBEE ESCARPMENT 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 45 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 59 60 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907
75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 46 47 48 884 885 886 887 888 889 908 909 910 911
83 84 85 86 87
9 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 128 129
127 128 129 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 100 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114NOBLEEN 115
G NOBLEEN 116
G NOBLEEN 117
G 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125
10 5
126 127
0 89 91 10 20 30 40 Kilometers
oleum Corporation CASTEX Castex Energy Inc AMERY TERRACE
117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943
Main Extent
Offshore Corporation 169 170 171 172 173 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164
147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
NOBLEEN G NOBLEEN G160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 1 centimeter equals approximately 11 kilometers
170 171 172 173 133 135
Eastern Extent
165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999
212 213 214 215 216 217 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 202 209 210 212 213 214 215 216 217 177 178 179
188 189 190 191 192 133 134 135 136 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 203 204 205 206 207 208 211
204 205 206 173 174 175 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
210 211 212 213 177 178 179 180 LUND SOUTH
1 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 221 223
228 229 248 249
PIPELINES
230 231 232 233 234 235 242 243 244 245 246 247
Offshore Support Base
236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241
5 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 Protraction Area 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 265 267
331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 Natural Depth 349 309 311
Crude
320
23
355 356 357 358 359 Gas Un-Leased Block
Active Crude Field
Proposed/ Active Lease
Natural Gas Field
OPERATOR
OPERATOR
Under Construction
2018 Lease Sale Deepwater Discoveries labeled in RED
Idle OPERATOR Updated September 2018 per BOEM.gov
1901OFFGomMap 2 1 8 19 10 57 AM
• DRILLING & COMPLETION
WORKOVER RISERS are an essential part of the subsea well For this specific project a water depth of 8,000 ft, tempera-
life cycle, allowing operators to access the well during well com- ture of 220°F, and 15,000 psi working pressure, 1 mm corrosion
pletion, landing of subsea equipment, and servicing the wells tolerance, NACE region 3 sour service, and high fatigue cycle
by both chemical and mechanical methods to improve hydro- resistance described much of the harsh and challenging
carbon flow. environment.
As part of a large Gulf of Mexico field development project, Usage of the riser was planned at two to three runs per year.
Vallourec was asked by a major operator to develop a workover This required a high number (25) of cycles of assembly and dis-
riser to meet stringent envi-
ronmental and loading T1: API 17G LIMIT LOAD TABLE
requirements including: high 32°F to 150°F Up to 250°F Up to 350°F
fatigue; NACE region 3 sour Tension: 1,025 kips Tension: 932 kips Tension: 871 kips
service; 1,500,000 lb of ten-
Normal Compression: 410 kips Compression: 373 kips Compression: 348 kips
sion; and 15,000 psi pressure. Operations IP: 17, 410 psi IP: 15,843 psi IP: 14,798 psi
This challenge was met by
EP: 10,565 psi EP: 9,614 psi EP: 8,980 psi
designing and testing high-
Tension: 1.223 kips Tension: 1,113 kips Tension: 1,040 kips
grade sour service pipe along
with a specialized and inno- Extreme Compression: 489 kips Compression: 445 kips Compression: 416 kips
Operations
vative riser connection. IP: 20,788 psi IP: 18,917 psi IP: 17,669 psi
The development led to an EP: 12,615 psi EP: 11,480 psi EP: 10,723 psi
Oil Country Tubular Goods Tension: 1, 529 kips Tension: 1,392 kips Tension: 1,300 kips
(OCTG) solution of 7-in. OD Accidental Compression: 612 kips Compression: 557 kips Compression: 520 kips
x 0.85-in. wall VM110SS-D Operations IP: 25,984 psi IP: 23,646 psi IP: 22,087 psi
VAMTTR HW-NA to meet the EP: 15,769 psi EP: 14,349 psi EP: 13,403 psi
harsh environment, while
allowing at least 25 cycles of
usage. The solution offered all the OCTG grade benefits as com- assembly of the threaded connections, known as “make and
pared to a drill pipe solution but with much better sour service breaks” or “M&Bs.” For a threaded and coupled connection, this
performance, and with significantly lower upfront costs. The represented a very high number of M&B cycles especially for a
goal here is to describe the design, testing methods, and results high yield strength material. Typically, this has been the weak-
of that effort. ness of OCTG solutions versus drill pipe risers. By allowing 25
M&Bs, it reduced this issue to allow for a tubular much better
ENVIRONMENT AND USAGE at handling the harsh sour service environment than a drill pipe
The primary purpose of a workover and completion/landing style.
riser is to access subsea wells for service. They are used to per-
form operations in one well and then retrieved to be used in ISO/API SPECIFICATIONS
multiple other wells. Workover risers are used in both comple- To qualify the riser system for the environment and usage, sev-
tion and workover phases of the wells. These functions can eral qualification tests were required. As a workover riser, the
include lowering equipment or delivering well cleaning chem- API 17G (ISO13628-7, 2006) specification applied to the system.
icals and using mechanical equipment throughout the life of This specification details the safety factors applied to the design
the well for routine maintenance. These activities are essential for corrosion, temperature, tension and pressure during design.
for the lifecycle of the well. With all that importance—coupled It also specifies fatigue and basic mechanical testing perfor-
with the fact that they are often “single barriers” to hydrocar- mance. Because the design chosen is a “threaded and coupled
bons leaking into the water—they have to meet very high levels (T&C)” style connection the qualification specification API 5C5
of qualification. also applied for the static performance. Meeting all the
requirements of these stringent specifica- F1: VON MISES ELLIPSE SHOWING PERFORMANCE ENVELOPES
tions necessitated careful design and devel- OF THE PIPE AND CONNECTION
opment testing. Perhaps the most notable
requirement is “working pressure” that is 7” x 0.850” VM110SS-D VAM TTR HW-NA:
assigned by API17G. This requirement states ISO13628-7 Operating Envelopes - up to 350˚F
30000
that normal or typical operations have to QII QII
35% PBYS 88% PBYS
be less than 60% of the maximum rated 100% VME 100% VME
pressure of the system. For a 15,000 psi 20000
For the connection pipe, fatigue testing was conducted on specimens to check their internal pressure capabilities.
chemistry as well as specialized heat treatment processes were seal interference. As this was an open water riser, the connec-
followed. By using Vallourec expertise developed with years of tion was developed with an innovative external water tight seal.
producing sour service material, the delicate balance between The external seal was subject to the same issues on interference
high-strength material and carefully controlled ductility could as the threads and internal seal. After several iterations of design
be reached. Complicating the issue was the very specific size and FEA simulated load cycles, the right balance was found and
fell just in between the capabilities of the mills at that time. This the connection was ready to move to physical testing.
required the pipe to be produced in one mill (with a piercing
process), and coupling stock be produced following a forging PIPE MATERIAL TESTING
process. As is common for pipes produced for riser applications the
Connection – The greatest challenge was successfully achiev- required dimensions are far beyond API5CT standards. This
ing 25 M&Bs. A metal-to-metal seal requires interference, mean- requires adaptations of the materials and production processes
ing metal elastically deforming. A connection with very light in order to ensure meeting severe requirements, which go even
interference could be made up many times, but would not be beyond common proprietary grades. Therefore, several mini-
gas tight. A very high interference seal would hold gas tight rolls were produced prior to the production order to verify the
under all conditions, but would cause so much deformation as mechanical properties and dimensions of both pipes and cou-
to only be made up once without damage. The right balance pling material. Beside common testing practices for riser appli-
comes first from experience, and second through mapping that cations like Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) tests, the
experience in finite element analysis. By knowing the correct requirements on tensile and hardness tests were also extended.
interference stress to target, multiple iterations of the connec- The tensile test especially focused on the lower actual yield
tion can be analyzed prior to final design. These can then be strength results (110 ksi to 111 ksi), which were revalidated by
compared with previously tested connections. In this case how- two additional tests taken from each end 180-degrees apart. In
ever, while there was a good amount of data on correct design addition, the amount of hardness tests were increased (4 quad-
to seal, there was not as much data on the correct interference rant testing) with a focus on process stability. Sour service resis-
to ensure such a high number of M&Bs. Typical threaded and tance was proven by both NACE A and NACE D testing on the
coupled connections are rated to 3 to 4 M&Bs. In some cases actual order.
that has been extended to 10 M&Bs. As much as 25 M&Bs have
been attempted in only a few cases. There are different style CONNECTION TESTING
connections—drill pipe based—that can go well beyond 25 To meet the challenge of meeting ISO/FDIS 13679:20011 CAL-IV
M&Bs, but these solutions struggle with the high sour service and API 17G testing, a program was designed to combine spec-
requirements relying on difficult-to-qualify welds or large wall imens. This was be done by taking advantage of the threaded
thickness variations. This riser threaded and coupled connec- and coupled nature of the connections requested. For example,
tion can then offer very high sour service resistance on high ISO/FDIS 13679:2011, CAL-IV requires five specimens. There
yield strength material but has also overcome the risk of are the same number of specimens whether the connection is
increased galling. The design then focused on very carefully integral (no coupling) or threaded and coupled. This means
managing the thread form and fit of threads in addition to the that a threaded and coupled connection is testing two
connections for every one integral connection. To take advan- viewed as a more difficult condition for fatigue testing (though
tage of that repeating, Vallourec and the end user agreed to not exclusively required). Three of the specimens were purposely
machine each side of the coupling with the required specific stopped prior to failure to undergo internal pressure testing
configurations, thus combining the specimens while still test- after fatigue cycles. This helped ensure the specimens could
ing all the configurations. maintain sealability at the highest allowable pressure even after
By using this methodology, the total number of sealability a high number of cycles. The remaining three samples were
specimens was reduced from four to two which allowed for a brought to failure. In all cases the specimens successfully com-
large improvement is both cost and schedule, which can often pleted testing. The results of the failure samples well exceeded
pose great challenges to projects. The Make and Break sample the cycles required for a SAF < 1.5 vs. DNVB1 2005 curve in air,
(specimen 5) would remain the same configuration but would giving a high degree of confidence to claim at a minimum this
be tested to the more difficult requirements of API 17G. This fatigue life.
included low and high pressure tests between testing and inter-
changing of pipe and coupling sides in the so called “round robin CONCLUSION
style” which mimics the actual field usage of new makeups. The Designing a pipe and connection for the highly critical work-
samples then followed the internal pressure, external pressure, over/completion/landing riser harsh environment involves sat-
bending, tension, compression, and thermal cycles that are pre- isfying both difficult service conditions and stringent ruling
scribed by the ISO/FDIS13679 CALIV protocol, which is regarded standards. Through experience, careful design, and innovation,
as the most difficult to pass of all the 13679/API 5C5 qualifica- Vallourec developed the VAM TTR HW; a high-performance
tion programs. threaded and coupled riser connection that successfully com-
The testing then completed the fatigue requirements with pleted the rigorous requirements. This allowed for a solution
six specimens. In all cases the fatigue specimens had “mean able to meet both the difficult environment of 25 M&Bs in a
tension” applied in the full-size test specimens by internal water NACE region 3 environment with 15,000 psi working pressure
pressure. The pressure pushes against the endcaps which then as well as allow for a lower cost versus drill pipe style. •
exert a tension on the pipe and connections. This is typically
1901OFF66-69.indd 69
PenCus12h_Petro_160414 1 1/4/19 4:08
4/18/16 1:52 PM
PM
ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, & INSTALLATION
“Converting a drillship to an
FPSO can be significantly
more cost-effective than
building a newbuild floating
or fixed platform.”
IN THE INDUSTRY’S QUEST to main- technology and demonstrated via integrated modeling
tain profitable oil and gas developments, • Significant reduction in capex
adopting an integrated supplier-led solu- • Accelerated schedule due to a proposed innovative bidding process and a reduced
tion (SLS) is becoming a key component. equipment lead time enabled by standardization
It introduces opportunities to provide a • Lower project risk profile by improving the execution predictability primarily due to
more open approach to the design and the integrated subsea offering.
engineering process and more access to
information about the reservoir. Adopting INTEGRATED SLS
an integrated SLS approach also enables Essentially, an integrated SLS is when suppliers or contractors take the lead to define and
comparison of various concepts and opti- execute a project, as opposed to a traditional approach whereby suppliers bid on a well-de-
mizations not only in terms of cost, but fined solution and must comply with a long list of specifications. An integrated SLS enables
also the production and hence, revenue a a supplier to propose its best solution for a given development. This solution, unlike con-
concept will deliver. In so doing, it goes a ventional project execution models, is partially or totally unconstrained by the operating
long way in avoiding the pitfalls of reduc- company. The operator role is to provide the inputs needed by the supplier to be able to
ing cost at the expense of inadvertently determine a solution, and to explain project drivers. Of course, the supplier needs to have
reducing revenue. Cost savings are a focus; the skills and the experience to be able to develop a viable solution.
however, opportunities to increase or accel- A successful integrated SLS is based on six building blocks as shown in the first figure
erate production are equally emphasized. and described below.
The industry has triggered many consol-
idations and moves among operating com- Integrated production Integrated project
panies, contractors, and suppliers. Several system modeling delivery
consolidations have taken place over the gration
inte a
past three years motivated by a willingness a
e
llia
nce
opportunities for added value through the Fit for purpose approach Suppliers/industry
scoping Operator specification
synergies offered by two companies coming
OneSubsea
together. An example of these consolida- up Subsea 7
i
on
ut
S
p li e
tions is a subsea production system (SPS) r -l e d s o l
supplier and a subsea umbilicals, risers,
and flowlines (SURF) contractor, forming Project technical
Standardizaion
definition
an integrated subsea alliance.
A case study highlighted later in this
article demonstrates how, the combina- An integrated supplier-led solution is when suppliers or contractors take the lead on the
tion of OneSubsea’s SPS and Subsea 7’s definition and execution of a project.
SURF expertise in one such alliance, Sub-
sea Integration Alliance, can deliver value Fit-for-purpose scoping. The first building block addresses the way the project is
through fully integrated early engagement. specified by the client. The inputs expected at this stage are limited to the key functional
The methodology applied was flexible and requirements, with a focus on what needs to be achieved rather than how. The drivers
can be customized for any offshore pros- that will make the project successful also need to be clearly specified. This represents an
pect. Beneficial outcomes from the case important evolution in ways of working. The philosophy around the project definition and
study included: design scoping is based on a totally different mindset compared to the traditional approach.
• Accelerated production resulting from Instead of providing detailed and constrained specifications with predefined design to the
the introduction of subsea boosting contractors, the operating company will provide the minimum required inputs.
economics and hopefully allow it to pass oil circulation. This resulted in significant reduction of hardware, and hence, cost. On
the next decision gate. all these single lines either low- or high-pressure wells (not both), have been connected
The process of this challenge was and comingled except on the North drill center. Here, a boosting pump has been added
divided in two main parts: providing a with the objective to remove one flowline. The boosting pump is used to match the
budget pricing and a high-level schedule pressure of the low-pressure wells to the same level as the high-pressure wells and
for the reference case, and providing an enhance production.
alternate integrated SLS, based on a min- • The gas lift functionality has been removed, eliminating an important part of the cost.
imalist functional specification. The inte- The impact on the production of such a change has been carefully assessed.
grated SLS could be based on alternative • All-electric water injection trees have been proposed, allowing significant simplifica-
field architecture, new technologies, stra- tion of the umbilicals cross section by removing all the hydraulic lines.
tegic partnerships, supplier internal pro- • The water injection network has been reviewed and optimized, so the overall risers
tocols, supplier-selected equipment and and flowlines length has decreased. The tradeoff for this was the use of slightly higher
methods, etc. This solution was fully uncon- diameter risers and flowlines, and a more complex riser design (with a double lazy-
strained so that the integrated subsea alli- wave configuration).
ance could propose its best solution from • The control system has also been completely reviewed to again reduce the overall
its own perspective. length of products, by using more complex but perfectly feasible umbilicals cross sec-
The field is divided into three main pro- tions. For instance, the MPP power cable has been combined with the E/H umbilical.
duction areas: north, central, and south. • A special connector has been proposed on certain production and water injection trees
Each location has a number of production to provide an efficient daisy chain method, removing the need for multiple structures
and water injection wells. The production and jumpers. This method had some consequences on the installation feasibility, but
is flowed back to an FPSO, where the oil the integrated team was able to quickly demonstrate the feasibility and price the impact.
is processed and exported via an offload- • Finally, the project has been turned into a full flexible flowline project: in the integrated
ing buoy system. The gas is exported in a SLS there is no more rigid pipeline, avoiding the mobilization of a pipelay asset.
dedicated gas export line. Production wells
are split in two categories: high-pressure
wells and low-pressure wells. High-pres-
sure wells and low-pressure wells cannot
be commingled.
REFERENCE CASE
The reference case provided by the operat-
ing company was a conventional, robust,
and rather costly field architecture. A num-
ber of production and water injection wells
were tied back to the FPSO, where the oil
was exported via an offloading buoy, and
the gas was transported through a long
gas export line. Production trees were con-
nected to the FPSO via conventional pipe-
in-pipe flowline loops and steel catenary The schematic on the left illustrates the reference case provided by the operating company,
riser (SCR), using dead oil circulation as a which was a conventional, robust, but rather costly field architecture. The schematic on the
preservation strategy. Rigid jumpers were right illustrates the SLS which has a more simplified architecture comprising single flexible
flowlines instead of loops, elimination of gas lift, and optimization of the water injection system.
used to connect trees to manifolds or pipe-
line end terminations (PLETs).
INTEGRATED SLS IMPROVEMENTS
SLS CASE To develop the integrated SLS, the team started from a blank page and went through an
The main changes from the reference case extensive concept screening exercise to identify the best solution. An integrated multi-dis-
are: cipline team was able to quickly evaluate each concept that was generated against multiple
• The production loops have been criteria: cost, technical feasibility, risk, schedule, opex, operability, and production recovery.
replaced by single line systems. This Using SLS methodology led to significant improvements of the project performance
has been made possible thanks to a profile. This can be summarized in four main categories: capex reduction, improved pre-
heated flexible risers and flowlines solu- dictability, optimized recovery, and schedule acceleration. The capex on this project was
tion. This technology enabled the sin- the main driver as only a significantly lower cost could allow the project to be sanctioned.
gle line configuration in which hydrates An overall reduction of 41% was achieved. In addition to these direct cost savings, the
are managed by heating instead of dead internal costs for the operating company are also reduced by a reduction in contingencies.
The flowchart shows the process to develop the integrated supplier-led solution which is
collaborative in nature with inputs from both operating company and supplier.
the work scopes for pressure systems piping by around 50% The primary drawback of internal inspections of pressure
with consequent savings and POB (personnel on board) reduc- vessels is preparing them for man-entry and the extended out-
tions. Data can be used in a similar way to lessen the inspec- age time that can follow. This can be avoided through non-in-
tion requirements for components, electrical equipment and trusive inspection (NII) engineering assessments which use
machinery. Collaboration with statistics and data analysis information on prior inspection, maintenance and operational
specialists, i.e. from academic institutions and universities, history, changes in process conditions and non-intrusive NDT
are yielding impressive insights into how data can be used to (non-destructive testing) methods to defer shutdown for internal
predict condition and thus optimize safety, maintenance and inspections. There are circumstances where an internal visual
operational planning. inspection is still needed to examine linings and other internal
structures; but man-entry can be avoided through part-intru-
NON/PART-INTRUSIVE INSPECTION sive inspection (PII) methods which involve placing remotely
Detecting Corrosion under Insu- operated camera devices into the vessel through existing or
lation (CUI) is one of the major even purpose-built openings.
problems for FPSO operators as
removing and replacing insula- CORROSION IN CONFINED SPACES
tion can be expensive. Detecting The hull and tanks are confined spaces that conventionally
the cause of the corrosion and require man entry, but both can also be visually inspected using
where it is occurring, and being remote cameras carried by robotic arms, ROVs or Unmanned
able to assess the level of dam- Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). To date UAVs have been used to min-
age without removing the insu- imize the need for maintenance personnel to work at height,
lation, can help reduce remedial for example, for tank inspections. UAV operators still need to
work to a minimum. CUI man- enter the tanks and there are payload limitations, but ‘drone’
agement strategies can include technology is evolving quickly.
Real Time Radiography (RTR), However, greater advances are under way that entail perform-
which can be improved through ing class- approved general and close visual inspections with
use of a non-intrusive screen- remotely-operated high-performance cameras, which require
ing tool that can measure exter- no man-entry whatsoever.
nal wall loss. The RTR ‘hit rate’ These are much
NoMan camera.
can also be optimized through safer, reduce tank
application of Neutron Backscat- outage time signifi-
ter techniques. cantly, and are more
Typically, a two-man team can inspect around 50 m (164 economic than any
ft) of insulated pipework per day with major operators report- man-entry meth-
ing that ‘calibrated’ RTR technology cost benefits compared ods, with proven
to insulation removal of around 70 %. The same principle and cost savings of over
cost savings can be applied to large-diameter insulated pressure 50% and reductions
vessels using eddy current methods for screening and Back- in POB of 70%. The
NoMan camera.
scatter Computed Tomography (BCT) for sizing any anomalies total man hour sav-
found. Managing the internal inspections of pressure vessels ings including tank preparation, management and inspection
for corrosion and other degradation will also benefit from the time can represent a saving of over 90%.
introduction of non-intrusive or part-intrusive methods.
REMOTE THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS
Managing tank corrosion could also include measuring the
structure’s wall thickness. The conventional approach is to
have a technician apply ultrasonic inspection in close prox-
imity to the structure (i.e. man entry into the tank/confined
space and often working at height), which increases both the
cost and safety risk. However, the emergence of synchronous
laser techniques will facilitate remote thickness measurements
of these structures.
Inspecting the underwater parts of a structure and mooring
systems for corrosion too can be performed by ROVs. Often the
surface has to be cleared sufficiently of marine growth to allow
inspection and this in itself can damage protective coatings. Spe-
cialized cleaning tools such as cavitation blasters are much less
damaging to underwa- time for remedial work to minimize cost and disruption. In
ter coatings but a more other marine industries there is a tradition of constant reme-
practical approach dial ‘painting’ where the crew have time available on long voy-
might be to minimize ages. Our industry does not have that luxury and with bed
the amount of marine space at a premium, it is important to manage remedial work
growth removal for on a campaign basis.
inspection purposes. However, the concept of C-Fix – ‘See it Fix it’ - combines
Corrosion of elec- inspection and remedial coating which can arrest corrosion
trical equipment is for at least the time needed to prepare for a major campaign,
another challenge, and is therefore a useful tool in corrosion management. Signifi-
especially for Ex (haz- Measuring callipers on an ROV. cant advances are under way in remedial technology and some
ardous area) compo- future assets could be designed for fully robotic maintenance. •
nents. These need to be regularly stripped down for internal
inspection to ensure that, among other issues, the internal con-
nections, cables and flame paths have not corroded. Non-Intru-
sive Inspection (NII) of Ex equipment can be performed using
advanced NDT methods. This helps avoid the cost and down-
time of isolating electrical systems and the need to dismantle
and reassemble electrical items for inspection purposes.
REMEDIATION
There are few components on an offshore asset that will not
at some stage need some form of remediation from corrosion.
HullGuard anode.
Oil and gas industry experts have long discussed the optimum
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DIGITALIZATION HAS EMERGED as a powerful lever for help- and increased pressure to deliver projects on time and within
ing oil and gas operators reduce costs and improve efficiencies budget. In the midst of the current climate, operators have had
amid the low-price environment. This is particularly the case in to take aggressive measures to reduce project capex and opex,
the offshore sector, where long development cycles, high capex while accelerating time to first oil.
and opex, and added safety risks present unique challenges that Technologies like digital twins and immersive VR models,
are often not encountered in onshore projects. As this article which can help companies improve the way they work, are increas-
will discuss, applying technologies that require a relatively small ingly proving their worth in helping to achieve those goals.
up-front investment, like virtual reality (VR) and digital twins,
can unlock value and savings for offshore operators across every APPLYING VIRTUAL REALITY
phase of the development lifecycle – from front-end planning Many use cases exist for virtual and/or augmented reality in oil
and design, through construction, and eventually into operation. and gas. One that lends itself particularly well to the offshore
environment involves developing an interactive 3D model that
OFFSHORE INDUSTRY CHALLENGES can be used by operations personnel to familiarize themselves
After a prolonged lull in deepwater activity following the 2014 oil with a facility before it is physically built. This is the approach
market decline, the offshore industry is beginning to show new currently being deployed by Shell on its Vito platform.
signs of life. In the 18 months spanning from January 2017 to June Vito reached FID in April 2018 and will be Shell’s 11th deep-
2018, more than $110 billion worth of projects worldwide reached water host in the Gulf of Mexico. The project features a low-cost
final investment decision (FID) – up from $50 billion in 2016.1 development approach and has a highly competitive forward-look-
While confidence in offshore exploration and production ing break-even price estimated to be less than $35/bbl. The floating
continues to grow, many challenges remain for owners, suppli- production system is currently under construction in Singapore
ers, and EPCs. Among these include the potential of having to and is scheduled to achieve first oil in 2021.
operate in a sustained low-price environment, market volatility, Shell has been an early adopter of digital technologies since the
1970s. Today, the company continues to determining egresses, and identifying potential health, safety, and environmental risks
take aggressive steps to stay at the indus- (HSE), which is often not feasible with traditional 2D and 3D model reviews.
try’s forefront by using digital transforma- Additionally, with multi-user capabilities, team members can jointly complete tasks,
tion to increase its competitive advantage take action, and communicate just as they would in a real-world scenario, regardless of
and overcome the challenges posed by the geographic location. This functionality can be used for training purposes as well, where
low-price environment. one individual assesses the competency of a trainee performing a certain task – with
As part of its organization-wide digita- zero HSE risk to either party or the facility. All of these advantages are derived from the
lization initiative, Shell recently selected VR application and would otherwise not be possible, even if Vito was being constructed
Audubon Companies to provide VR prod- in a shipyard in Texas.
ucts for the Vito project. Using only 3D Ultimately, by embracing VR technology, Shell has effectively reduced the distance
data supplied by the topsides engineer- between its operations team and the Vito platform. In the coming months, personnel
ing firm, Audubon Companies created a will continue to use the interactive digital twin and VR stations to acclimate themselves
digital twin of Vito’s topsides. with the topsides and prepare for commissioning of the facility in 2020.
The digital twin is a standalone, inter-
active 3D model delivered in the form PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN
of a single executable file. As part of the While Shell’s use of VR on Vito demonstrates the many advantages that applying the
scope of work for the Vito project, Audu- technology offers after a topsides design has been finalized, it can also be used to unlock
bon Companies provided Shell with all value earlier in the project timeline by increasing stakeholder engagement.
of the required hardware and software to VR solutions overcome the limitations of traditional 2D and 3D model reviews, which
build out VR stations at multiple locations. often fail to engage stakeholders on a level that solicits detailed feedback. In the tra-
Shell is currently using the Vito digital twin ditional review process, design changes are looked at by the design team, the owner’s
at its Woodcreek facility in Houston and project team, and occasionally facility leadership. The changes, however, rarely make
in the Vito operations base at its Robert their way down to the final end-users, such as equipment operators, technicians and
Training Center in Louisiana. It is also craftsmen. VR offers a more engaging way for individuals to walk themselves through
being utilized by personnel overseas in the model on their own time and provide detailed input to the design team. The immer-
the company’s Netherlands-based offices. sive digital twin gives the user a very personalized, self-driven overview of the project,
With Vito currently under construction which evokes a greater sense of ownership of the design.
in a shipyard nearly 10,000 miles from the VR gives the user the sensation of physically walking through the facility, even when
Gulf Coast, the use of VR is immensely in the conceptual stages or when distance is a factor. Designers and operators have the
valuable in that it gives operations person- opportunity to check for things like operability, safety, and placement of equipment. The
nel the capability to virtually walk the deck use of VR also allows subject matter experts and trainers to assist in the development
of the facility and familiarize themselves of safe work practices even if they are physically unable to go offshore.
with a fully constructed version of the top- Additionally, VR can be used as a simulation tool, with the user navigating through-
sides without ever leaving the office. This out the facility and visualizing exactly how it will come together at different points
represents a clear departure from how the
vast majority of offshore developments
are executed today and will enable the
Shell team to maximize its operational
readiness before the platform reaches its
commissioning phase. It will also translate
into improved bottom-line performance
by offsetting international travel costs
and compressing operational onboard-
ing timelines.
Entering the immersive environment
presents zero risk and allows users to visu-
alize the topsides layout and better under-
stand how it will look and perform in the
real-world. Operators are able to validate
2D drawings and locations of equipment,
make virtual rounds, plan routes, and con-
firm that operating procedures are execut-
able in the way that they are written. The
digital twin also serves as a useful tool for Interactive 3D models enable operations personnel to virtually walk the deck of a facility
developing emergency evacuation plans, without ever leaving the office. (Courtesy Audubon Companies)
during the construction timeline. For example, full scale digi- capex and opex requirements present operators with added risk
tal cranes or equipment can be inserted into the virtual envi- that is often not seen in onshore projects.
ronment, allowing the user to verify dimensions and determine In the midst of the industry’s current state, which many are
if objects or pieces of equipment will introduce problems spa- acknowledging may be “the new normal,” producers and suppli-
tially. In doing so, stakeholders are able to make design adjust- ers must be open to applying new technology in order to remain
ments or plan interventions before arriving on location. In many competitive.
cases, this directly translates into cost savings by reducing the Unlike many of the solutions being applied across the digi-
likelihood of late-stage field change orders, which often lead to tal oilfield today, VR is especially attractive and unique in that it
costly project delays. requires little up-front investment on the part of the user, both
The capabilities and benefits afforded by VR can also be real- from a standpoint of cost and manpower resources. The tech-
ized on brownfield projects. In such cases, 3D laser scanners and nology is widely applicable to disciplines ranging from design
surveying tools, such as LIDAR are brought in to map the exist- teams to operations personnel and can generate immense value
ing physical facility. Using data gathered from these methods, by improving engagement and communication between stake-
along with 2D drawings and plant design models, an up-to-date holders, leading to better project outcomes. •
digital twin of the facility can be created and leveraged just as it
would in a greenfield. REFERENCES
1. Oil and Gas Projects Worth $110 Billion are Coming Off the
CONCLUSION Backburner. Rystad Energy. June 2018.
Oil and gas operators have emerged from the downturn leaner
and more efficient than ever. However, the need to reduce devel- THE AUTHORS
opment costs, improve work processes, and increase efficiency Brian Lozes is Vice President of Virtual Reality, Audubon
remains key to long-term success. This is especially the case in Companies.
the offshore environment, where long project cycles and increased Beau Perez is Operations Manager, Shell Oil Co.
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HIGHER GRADE, LARGER DIAMETER all major classification societies, is a positive development
The new R6 grade for chain and connectors with an ultimate in this regard.
tensile strength of 1,100 MPa provides increased strength Corrosion is a concern especially for moorings in
which offers a larger safety margin and enhanced security warm-temperature regions, and mainly at the splash zone
in challenging metocean conditions and ultra-deepwaters. where there is high oxygen content. The impact of bacterial
The weight reduction gained by moving to corrosion should be considered as well, not
a higher grade contributes to a decreased solely on the seafloor but in different posi-
payload of the vessel or platform and tions along the mooring lines. Several coat-
leads to easier handling and installation. ings have been developed to prevent or to
Research on the fatigue performance and minimize general corrosion, such as Ther-
fracture mechanics of R6 demonstrates mal Sprayed Aluminum (TSA), or others
this grade is a significant solution for the to protect components against wear and
offshore industry, with weight reduction abrasion, such as Thermal Sprayed Carbide
an increasing preoccupation for opera- Thermal Sprayed Aluminum-protected (TSC). Both coatings have been proven in
tors of many projects. At the same time, chain link. laboratory tests and a real offshore envi-
the need to extend design life and intro- ronment. Alternative coating solutions are
duce larger corrosion allowances means that sometimes also under development with a focus on impact protection
bigger is better with regards to chain diameter. The ability and bacterial corrosion.
to supply 220-mm diameter chain in all grades, certified by Interface points of mooring lines are critical and must be
Murphy Exploration & will be co-located with an overarching theme, “Coming Together.” This enhanced
Production Company event features unique opportunities for the engineering and operations teams to
collaborate. It’s proven that early engagement and transparency among teams
General Manager,
through all phases of upstream operations enable safe and efficient development.
Operations, Western
Hemisphere Offshore The conference Opening Plenary Session is designed to encourage delegates
from Deepwater Operations and Topsides, Platforms – Hulls to come together to
Deepwater Operations
discuss the benefits and barriers of the digital transformation of offshore oil and
Conference Advisory Board
gas operations. Senior thought leaders from international operators will share their
Chairman
perspectives on the development and application of digital technologies, in a panel
discussion format. It promises to be an informative and lively debate.
After the opening session, the conferences will break into separate rooms and will
run concurrently for the duration of the event. Networking coffee breaks and evening
receptions will be in a common exhibit hall for both delegate groups to reconvene
throughout the week.
The 2019 edition of Deepwater Operations seeks to address the issues that are
front-of-mind of global operations professionals. These include challenges related to
brownfield management, flow assurance, subsea leak detection, well intervention,
and personnel competency development. The technical sessions also feature
presentations on innovative operational solutions, and entry requirements and
considerations for operators and contractors that are pursuing opportunities in
emerging markets such as Guyana.
I encourage you to join your peers at this unique event. The offshore oil and gas
industry is on the verge of an upcycle, and it’s imperative that the engineering and
operations teams come together to ensure that the momentum continues on a
sustainable, upward trend.
Thank you for your support, and I look forward to seeing you at Deepwater
Operations 2019.
YOU A R E I N V I T E D T O AT T E N D T HE 9 T H
A N N UA L T OP S IDE S , P L AT F O R M S – H U L L S
C ON F E R E N C E & E X HIBI T ION
Welcome to the Topsides, Platforms – Hulls Conference & Exhibition, owned and
produced by PennWell. Equinor is delighted to host the 2019 edition, which will be
held at the Moody Gardens Convention Center in Galveston, February 5-7, 2019.
This year I have the honor of chairing the advisory board consisting of seasoned
Lars Ronning industry peers. They volunteer their time and work their professional networks to
develop a comprehensive technical program. I am confident this conference will
Principal Engineer, give you a wealth of knowledge about recently completed world-class projects,
Platform Technology, Equinor
lessons learned from projects sanctioned in a low oil-price environment, solutions
2019 Topsides, to late-life challenges of offshore production, insight about new technology
Platforms – Hulls developments, and views of the road ahead.
Advisory Board Chairman This year marks a significant change in how the conference is organized in that
it is co-located with PennWell’s Deepwater Operations Conference & Exhibition.
Therefore, the natural theme is “Coming Together.” I am particularly excited about
bringing these two events together as I believe the format of the conferences and
the expo affords a unique opportunity to bring together designers, fabricators,
vendors, and operators from different parts of the world in an intimate setting.
Sharing experiences and ideas will improve deliveries and benefit the industry.
The conferences kick off with a combined plenary session on digitalization. This is
a term that has often been labeled a “buzzword” and can appear vague and fuzzy
to many audiences. What is clear is that most companies today have a digitalization
strategy and are increasingly putting resources into this area. So, what does it
mean? And is this a good thing or should we be cautious? To find out, attend the
panel session Tuesday afternoon where industry leaders will discuss the pros and
cons of digitalization in the industry. Later in the program, speakers will share
some of the concrete steps that are being taken to unlock its potential.
I am very grateful to the excellent staff at PennWell for organizing such a great
conference and to my colleagues on the advisory board for their hard work. And
my sincere thanks to all the presenters, exhibitors, and delegates without whom
there would not be an event. Sir Isaac Newton famously said that “If I have seen
further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” I daresay you will find many
shoulders on which to stand at this conference. I look forward to seeing you in
Galveston!
EVENT HIGHLIGHTS*
Connecting you to the contacts you need to make and the solutions you need to succeed!
635
635 Attendees from
736
736 Attendees from
12 Countries and 16 States 15 Countries and 17 States
12 Operator
Presentations 2 Consultant
Presentations 7 Operator
Presentations 5 Contractor
Presentations 3 Consultant
Presentations
2 Medical
Presentations 2 Regulatory
Presentations 1 University
Presentation 1 Regulatory
Presentation
1
The events are important
2
Attendees meet the contacts
for performing their job they need to conduct business
and establishing contacts
in the industry
3
Valuable networking
4
The overall event experience is
opportunities worth the investment
*Data garnered from the the Nov. 2017 Deepwater Operations Conference & Exhibition survey results and the February 2018 Topsides,
Platforms - Hulls Conference & Exhibition survey results.
WH AT ’ S H A P P EN I N G I N 2 0 1 9
Two Conferences. One Exhibit Hall.
Technology Zone — 600 sq. ft. of space on the exhibit floor dedicated to
showcasing the latest digital technology solutions.
Win a $500 American Express gift card! Attend the Awards Ceremony and
lunch on Thursday to be entered in the drawing.
DOUBL E YO U R
K N OW L E D G E
REGISTER YOUR TEAM AS FULL CONFERENCE DELEGATES TODAY AND ENJOY THE INFORMATIONAL
BENEFITS OF TWO WORLD-CLASS CONFERENCES COMING TOGETHER AS ONE.
A
REGIS ll
TUESDAY – FEBRUARY 5, 2019 TRANT
AR S
WELCO E
ME TO
3:30 – 5:00 p.m. Opening Plenary Session – Hall A ATTEN
D!
DIGITALIZATION OF OFFSHORE OIL & GAS OPERATIONS PANEL DISCUSSION
Welcome: David Paganie, Conference Director & Chief Editor; Offshore magazine
Moderator: Jim Crompton, Director; Reflections Data Consulting
Panelists: Richard Ward, Sr. Manager Machine Learning & Data Science; McKinsey & Company
Ahmed Khamassi, VP Data Science; Equinor
Sathish Sankaran, Engineering Manager – Advanced Analytics and Emerging
Technologies; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
Bryan Arciero, Investor Relations; Murphy Exploration & Production Company
Al Vickers, Vice President, Technical Functions, Global Operations Organization; BP
(invited)
A
REGIS ll
WEDNESDAY – FEBRUARY 6, 2019 TRANT
S
ARE
WELCO
ME
7:00 – 8:00 a.m. Breakfast and Breakfast Discussion Tables – Floral Ballroom ATTEN TO
D!
(Breakfast Discussion Tables take place from 7:10 – 7:50)
Table Topics: Process Safety Systems for Offshore Production Facilities – Murphy E&P Co.
Package Vendor Engineering in FEED – Chevron
US Offshore Wind Outlook – Keystone Engineering
Selecting Mooring Tensioning Systems for Offshore Platforms – Aker Solutions
Jason J. Harry, Subsea Engineering Advisor; Energy Maritime Associates PTE LTD
Hess Corporation BSEE Update
Setting Subsea and Topsides Wear Specific Paul Versowsky, Chief, Office of Structural
Production Thresholds and Technical Support; Bureau of Safety and
Yogesh Kapoor, Flow Assurance Project Environmental Enforcement, Department of
Advisor; Anadarko the Interior
Asphaltene Management in a Gulf of Mexico Country Entry to Mexico
Deep Water Field Gabriel Gomez, Country Manager Mexico;
Kevin Wrobel, Production Engineer; BHP Murphy
BATHROOMS BATHROOMS
PENNWELL
SPEAKER LOUNGE
DANOS
527 626 1127
MEET THE
927 1026 1027 1126
Moody Gardens
COFFEE BAR
627 726
PORT DWD
CETCO
ENVIRO
RESERVED
DANOS
FOUR INTERN
EXIT
523 622 623 722 723 822 823 922 923 1022 1023 1122 1123 1222
1221
WOODS
HOLE OGLAEND
CLA- HYDRA SIEMENS SHIELD XSTREM LEECYN
ANTLER VAL TIGHT ALFRED EMD REMITITE
GROUP
518 519 618 619 718 719 818 819 918 919 1O18 1019 1118 1119 1218 1219
MAMMOET
OCEANEERING
OIL STATES
DEANSTEEL
LOKRING
MSC
FAGIOLI
JACOBS
CORTEC
OFFSHORE
HOUSTON
EDG
516 517 617 1O16 1017 1216 1217
DOXSTEE CARBER RESERVED LEICA
Conference Sessions 514 515 614 615 714 715 814 815 914 915 1014 1015 1114 1115 1214 1215
VALLOUREC
512
Deepwater Operations
FREUDENBERG
VERIS GLOBAL
BERARD
HOLLOWAY
SEATRAX
504 604 705 805 BAKER MISTRAS 1204 1205
FALCK HUGHES GROPU
503 602 603 903 1003 1103 1202 1203
E X HIBI T O R L I ST
Alfred Conhagen Inc 918 Holloway Houston 610 PennWell Corporation 1221
Antler Supply Services 718 Hoover Ferguson 822 Deepwater Operations
Conference and Exhibition
Aspen Aerogels 1022 Houston Offshore Engineering,
Oil & Gas Journal
Audubon Companies 609 an Atkins Company 1114
Offshore Magazine
Hydratight 819
Baker Hughes, a GE Company 903 Offshore Wind Executive Summit
Integrated Corrosion Companies, Inc 1123
Berard Transportation Inc 1109 PennWell Books
International SOS 1107 PennWell MAPSEARCH
Carber 615
CETCO Energy Services 923 Jacobs 815 PNEC Conference
Keystone Engineering 922 Subsea Tieback Forum & Exhibition
Civeo 608
Kongsberg Oil and Gas Technologies 623 Topsides, Platforms & Hulls
Clariant 909
LaserStream, LP 1122 Port Fourchon 725
Cla-Val 818
Leecyn Company 1118 Remitite America, Inc 1119
Cortec Fluid Control/Cortec
Manifold Systems 814 Leica Geosystems Inc 1015 Reserved 1014
Danos 722 Lloyd's Register 823 SafeZone Safety Systems, LLC 604
Deansteel Manufacturing Company 614 Mammoet 715 Shield Air Solutions, Inc. 1018
Dox Steel Fasteners 515 Mistras Group, Inc 1003 Siemens Water Solutions 919
DWD International, LLC 824 MSC Software 1017 Tiger Offshore Rentals 1023
EDG, Inc 914 Nalco Champion, an EcoLab Company 805 Vallourec USA Corporation 1211
Enviro-Tech Systems 924 National Oilwell Varco 723 Veris Global LLC 1108
Falck Safety Services 602 Oglaend System US LLC 719 Woods Hole Group 618
Freudenberg Oil & Gas Technologies 1009 Oil States Industries, Inc 714 XstremeMD 1019
E V E NT PA RT N E RS
HOSTS
DIAMOND
GOLD
SILVER
Delegate Lunch Whiskey Tasting Networking Reception Conference Notepad – Conference Notepad –
Topsides, Platforms — Hulls Deepwater Operations
SUPPORTING SPONSOR
Tom Keating
VP, Operations
Wood
2019 T O PSI D E S, PL AT F O R M S – H U L L S A D V I S O RY B O A RD
Gareth Jones has joined Xodus Group as de- and visual inspection. Eight Element specialist will deliver round
com lead. the clock testing services on-site, with testing and R&D support
Swagelok Co. has named David Lucarelli as from the company’s Sheffield – Maltravers laboratory.
vice president, global human resources. Wärtsilä has divested its pumps business to Solix Group, a
Aubin has named Katy Gifford as CEO and Scandinavian investment company.
Paddy Collins as chief technology officer. Acteon Group Ltd. has acquired subsea corrosion specialist
Pioneer Consulting has named Gavin Tully as Jones Deepwater Corrosion Services Inc. The acquisition enhances
a partner. Acteon’s subsea integrity management offering.
Gulf Island Fabrication Inc. has appointed Rob- Trelleborg has joined the Port Equipment Manufacturers
ert Averick to its board of directors. Association.
Daniela Freeman and Karen Diaz have joined Ampelmann has opened an office in Dubai.
Petroleum Industry Data Exchange as standards ClassNK has opened a new exclusive survey office in Reggio
and compliance manager and marketing and Calabria, Italy.
events manager, respectively. Lucarelli Aqualis Offshore has entered into a master services agreement
with McDermott Asia Pacific Sdn Bhd to provide engineering
COMPANY NEWS reviews and marine warranty services for the company’s offshore
Aker Solutions and Siemens have signed a strategic collab- operations in the Asia/Pacific region. The agreement is valid for
oration agreement to further develop digital offerings in engineering, five years and covers Singapore, Vietnam, India, Myanmar, and
operations, and services. The collaboration focuses on the creation Australia. Aqualis Offshore will provide engineering reviews and
of software applications and joint service offerings including the approvals, vessel surveys, towage approvals and marine warranty
development of industrial digital twins that will drive efficiency services for McDermott’s offshore installation and construction
throughout the entire plant lifecycle. In addition, the companies projects in the five countries.
will further develop specific offerings for the oil and gas market Bristow Group Inc. has signed a definitive agreement to
based on Siemens’ Comos engineering platform. These solutions, combine with Columbia Helicopters Inc. for $560 million. The
the companies said, will help customers to reduce engineering and transaction was expected to close by the end of 2018.
operational cost and enable improved decision making. Magseis ASA and Fairfield Geotechnologies have entered
Heerema Fabrication Group (HFG) plans to sell two of its into an agreement whereby Magseis will acquire the Seismic
main offshore fabrication yards in western Europe, due to insuffi- Technologies business from Fairfield comprising data acquisition,
cient project volume and marginal profitability. HFG intends to nodal and system sale and rental activities including all shares in
dispose of its activities in Zwijndrecht, the Netherlands and Hartle- Fairfield’s wholly owned UK subsidiary WGP Group. The name
pool, northeast England. It will also close its head office in the of the new business will be Magseis Fairfield.
Netherlands, with the loss of 60 jobs. The company has signed a Tidewater has selected UniSea AS to digitalize and standardize
letter of intent to sell its engineering/construction activities at the its business processes related to health, safety, environment and
yard in Zwijndrecht with Italian fabricator Rosetti Marino. It does quality and operations. The UniSea software suite will be imple-
not expect the transfer to affect the workforce at the yard. It will mented on all Tidewater vessels and in all its offices.
also seek a buyer for its activities at the site in Hartlepool but will Well-Centric, a FrontRow Energy Technology Group company,
retain activities at the HFG yard in Vlissingen in the southern has acquired Simmons Edeco Europe. The combined entity will
Netherlands, where the focus will remain on jackets, and the trade under a new name – Unity.
supporting yard at Opole in Poland. At the same time Vlissingen READ Cased Hole Ltd. has acquired Proactive Diagnostic
will continue as the shore base for sister company Heerema Services Inc.
Marine Contractors. DynaEnergetics has opened its manufacturing, assembly and
Wood and Nobel Oil have entered into a joint venture agree- administrative facilities on its industrial campus in Blum, Texas.
ment to provide engineering and operations support services to Tullow Oil has chosen OPERAM Managed Solutions to
the oil and gas market in Azerbaijan. The JV will combine Wood’s streamline and assist in the automation of its global contingent
engineering and technical services capabilities with Nobel Oil’s workforce management and recruitment operations to reduce
local knowledge and expertise in the Caspian region. It will primarily costs, enforce compliance, and improve supplier quality.
support in the delivery of brownfield engineering, procurement Gulf Island Fabrication has completed the sale of its North
and construction management contracts across a range of assets Yard facilities in Aransas Pass, Texas and certain associated equip-
offshore Azerbaijan. ment for $28 million.
TechnipFMC has awarded Element Materials Technology ABS has awarded AviSight Inc. certification to support sur-
a three-year contract to provide non-destructive testing (NDT) vey-related inspections on all types of rigs using drones. AviSight
services to its umbilicals manufacturing site in Newcastle upon is now certified as an ABS Recognized External Specialist in Remote
Tyne, UK. These will cover computed radiography, including al- Inspection Techniques.
ternating current field measurement, dye penetrant testing; Level Ashtead Technology has acquired Canadian-based underwater
III NDT services; magnetic particle inspection; ultrasonic testing; inspection specialist Welaptega.
This page reflects viewpoints on the political, economic, cultural, technological, and environmental issues that shape the future of the petroleum industry.
Offshore Magazine invites you to share your thoughts. Email your Beyond the Horizon manuscript to David Paganie at davidp@pennwell.com.
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It just takes
ONEAll it takes is one company whose people and expertise come together from all over the
world to plan, design, operate and deliver what matters.
Houston Offshore Engineering, Atkins and SNC-Lavalin have joined forces to offer
integrated services in oil & gas, specializing in deepwater offshore floating platforms.
snclavalin.com
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