EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

CRITICAL ACTION
Procedures in BOLDFACE TYPE and should be
committed to memory. These actions must be performed
immediately if the emergency is not to be aggravated and
injury or damage is to be avoided.

NON-CRITICAL ACTION
Those actions which contribute to an orderly sequence of
events ensure that all supporting preparations are made
after initiating the Critical Emergency Actions. These
procedures serve as clean up items.

THREE BASIC RULES

1. Maintain Aircraft Control
2. Analyze The Situation And Take Proper Action
3. Land As Soon As Conditions Permit

 Declare the Emergency

 Transponder – SET 7700

* - Asterisk items are procedures to be done for

T-41B only.

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GROUND OPERATION EMERGENCIES

EMERGENCY ENGINE SHUTDOWN ON THE

GROUND
1. MIXTURE – FULL LEAN
2. FUEL SHUT-OFF VALVE KNOB – PULL OUT
3. IGNITION SWITCH – OFF
4. MASTER SWITCH – OFF

ENGINE FIRE DURING START

1. Auxiliary fuel pump – OFF
2. Throttle – OPEN
3. Mixture – Idle cut-off (if fire is not extinguished)
4. Fuel shutoff valve – OFF
5. Ignition switch – OFF
6. Master switch – OFF
7. Exit aircraft

EMERGENCY GROUND EGRESS

1. Emergency engine shutdown - PERFORM
2. Parking brake – SET
3. Headset – REMOVE
4. Seatbelt and harness – DISCONNECT
5. Seat – SLIDE FULL AFT
6. Door – OPEN

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DEPARTING A PREPARED SURFACE
1. Mixture – FULL LEAN
2. Maintain back pressure
3. Emergency engine shut down – PERFORM
4. Egress

TAKEOFF EMERGENCIES

ABORT DURING TAKE-OFF

1. THROTTLE – IDLE/CLOSED
2. BRAKES – AS REQUIRED

ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKE-OFF

1. GLIDE – ESTABLISH
a. Flaps UP – 85 mph
b. Flaps up to 20 Deg- 80 MPH
c. Flaps over 20 Deg – 75 MPH
2. PROPELLER CONTROL KNOB – FULL DECREASE
3. MIXTURE – FULL LEAN
4. FUEL SHUTOFF KNOB – PULL OUT
5. IGNITION SWITCH – OFF
6. FLAPS – AS REQUIRED
7. MASTER SWITCH – OFF

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IN-FLIGHT EMERGENCIES

ENGINE RESTART DURING FLIGHT

1. Glide – ESTABLISH
a. Flaps UP – 85 mph
b. Flaps up to 20 Deg- 80 MPH
c. Flaps over 40 Deg – 75 MPH
2. Propeller Control Knob – FULL INCREASE
3. Mixture – RICH
4. Throttle – IN HALFWAY
5. Fuel Selector – BOTH
6. Fuel Shut off knob – IN
7. Ignition Switch - BOTH
8. Master switch – ON
9. Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch – LOW
10. Ignition Switch – START (if the propeller is stopped or is
rotating intermittently)
11. Propeller – AS REQUIRED
12. Mixture – Adjusted to maintain smooth engine operation
13. If Restart Is Unsuccessful – Refer to forced landing

PARTIAL ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT

1. Mixture – Rich
2. Propeller – FULL INCREASE
3. Fuel Selector – BOTH
4. Fuel Shut-off Knob – IN
5. Manual Primer – IN AND LOCKED
6. Master switch – ON

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7. Ignition – AS REQUIRED
8. Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch – AS REQUIRED
9. Propeller – AS REQUIRED
10. Mixture – Adjust To Maintain Smooth Engine Operation

ENGINE FIRE DURING FLIGHT

1. MIXTURE – FULL LEAN
2. FUEL SHUTOFF KNOB – PULL OUT
3. IGNITION SWITCH – OFF
4. GLIDE – ESTABLISHED
a. Flaps UP – 85 mph
b. Flaps UP to 20 Deg- 80 MPH
c. Flaps over 20 Deg – 75MPH
5. PROPELLER CONTROL KNOB – FULL DECREASE
6. Cabin heat and air knobs – IN
7. FLAPS – AS REQUIRED
8. MASTER SWITCH – OFF
9. FORCED LANDING – PERFORM

* CHIP DETECTOR WARNING LIGHT

1. Engine Instruments – MONITOR
2. Land as soon as practical

ELECTRICAL FIRE
1. MASTER SWITCH – OFF
2. ALTERNATOR SWITCH – OFF ( * AS REQUIRED)

SMOKE AND FUME ELIMINATION

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1. Cabin Heat Knob – IN
2. Cabin Air Knob – IN
3. Upper Air Vents – OPEN
4. Pilots Windows – AS REQUIRED

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HIGH AMM READING / OVER-VOLT WARNING LIGHT
ILLUMINATED
1. ALTERNATOR - OFF
2. BATTERY - OFF

NEGATIVE AMMETER READING

1. * Alternator Switch – Check On
2. Electrical Load - Reduce

OIL SYSTEM MALFUNCTION

1. Throttle – AS REQUIRED
NOTE: If possible, adjust the throttle to maintain
the oil pressure within normal limits.
NOTE: Total Loss of oil Pressure will result in the
propeller going into LOW PITCH (High RPM) and will
not be controllable by Propeller Control Knob.
2. Mixture – RICH
NOTE: A rich running engine runs cooler than a lean
running engine.

RUNAWAY PROPELLER
1. Throttle – REDUCE to maintain RPM within limits
2. Airspeed – REDUCE
3. Propeller – CYCLE through full range of travel
4. Propeller – FULL INCREASE if control not regained
5. Throttle – adjust to maintain RPM within limits

E-7
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE OR CONTROLLABILITY
CHECK
CAUTION: Do not reset flaps if significant structural
damage is located in the wings.

1. Climb at least 1,500’ AGL at a controllable airspeed.

2. Simulate landing approach and determine the airspeed at
which the aircraft becomes difficult to control (minimum
controllable airspeed)
3. Plan to fly a straight-in approach. Fly the normal approach
airspeed for your flap setting, or 5 to 10 mph above
minimum controllable airspeed, whichever is higher. For
asymmetrical flaps, use your minimum flap setting for
approach airspeed.
4. Plan to touchdown at no less than minimum controllable
airspeed. Do not begin to reduce final approach airspeed
until the aircraft is very close to the runway.

ASYMMETRICAL FLAPS
1. Use aileron and rudder as necessary to maintain aircraft
control.
2. Do not attempt to correct the situation by reversing the
flaps.
3. Do a controllability CHECK
4. Land as soon as conditions permit.

CAUTION: Further movement of the flaps may cause flap

buckling and aileron damage.

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THROTTLE LINKAGE FAILURE
1. Use power available and flaps as required to safely land
the aircraft.
2. If the engine is running near the full power, initiate a climb
in order to lower flaps below 100mph.
3. Flaps (full down) may be required to prevent engine
overspeed.
4. If it fails near idle and straight and level flight cannot be
maintained, use no flaps and fly at 85 mph and set up for
a forced landing.

PITOT STATIC MALFUNCTION

1. If icing is suspected, turn on the pitot heat.
2. If the airspeed indicator proves unreliable, advise
ATC/RSO/SOF.
3. Fly a wider than normal pattern maintaining THROTTLE –
18” HG AND 2500 RPM on downwind.
4. Reduce THROTTLE – 15” Hg and PROPELLER- FULL
INCREASE on base and final. Close the throttle in round
out.
5. Do not exceed 20 degrees of bank.
6. If you receive a stall warning indication prior to round-out
go-around.

E-9
 LANDING EMERGENCIES

FORCED LANDING (ACTUAL)

1. GLIDE – ESTABLISH
a. Flaps UP – 85 mph
b. Flaps UP to 20 Deg - 80 MPH
c. Flaps over 20 Deg – 75 MPH
2. PROP – FULL DECREASE
3. MIXTURE – FULL LEAN
4. FUEL SHUTOFF KNOB – PULL OUT
5. IGNITION SWITCH – OFF
6. FLAPS – AS REQUIRED
7. * ALTERNATOR SWITCH - OFF
8. MASTER SWITCH – OFF
9. SEAT AND SHOULDER HARNESS – LOCKED
10. DOOR – OPENED (AS APPROPRIATE)

FORCED LANDING ( LIPA PROCEDURE )

1. THROTTLE – CLOSED, MIXTURE – RICH, PROP - FULL
2. GLIDE – ESTABLISH
d. Flaps UP – 85 mph
e. Flaps UP to 20 Deg - 80 MPH
f. Flaps over 20 Deg – 75 MPH
3. FUEL SELECTOR – BOTH
4. SELECT FIELD AND ALTERNATE FIELD
5. DETERMINE WIND CONDITION AND DIRECTION
6. DETERMINE KEY POINTS

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 a. High key – 2000’ AGL over the landing field.
b. Low Key – 1300’ AGL abreast the spot of landing
7. PROCEED TO KEY POINTS
8. TROUBLE CHECK
a. Fuel flow/ level – on the green arc
b. Oil Temperature/ Press – on the green arc
c. Tachometer – positive RPM indication
9. IF THE ABOVE SYSTEMS ARE OK, RESTART
a. Mixture – rich
b. Prop – full
c. Throttle – crack ¼ - ½
d. Master switch – On
e. Auxilliary Fuel Pump – On (Low)
f. Ignition Switch – Both
10. CHECK POWER – ALTERNATELY ADVANCE AND
RETARD THROTTLE FOR ENGINE RESPONSE
11. IF NO RESPONSE CLOSE THROTTLE
12. RADIO CALL – SFL IF SIMULATED; MAYDAY 3X IF
ACTUAL AND STATE THE EMERGENCY
13. PERFORM SAFETY CHECK – HARNESS AND BELTS
TIGHTENED
14. FLAPS – AS DESIRED
15. PERFORM ENGINE EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
A. MIX – CUT-OFF
B. FUEL SHUT-OFF VALVE KNOB – PULL
C. IGNITION SWITCH – OFF
D. MASTER SWITCH – OFF IF NO MORE FLAPS
OPERATION REQUIRED.
16. PROP – FULL DECREASE

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NOTE: 300’ AGL – Student must declare MDA and IP
must recover
NOTE: If simulated check power every 1000’ of descent.

PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER

1. Seat Belts and Shoulder Harness – SECURE
2. Wing Flaps – 20 degrees
3. Airspeed – 80 MPH
4. Select Field – FLY OVER, noting terrain and obstructions,
then retract flaps upon reaching a safe altitude and
airspeed.
5. Radios and Electrical Switches – OFF
6. Wing Flaps – FULL DOWN (on the final approach)
7. Airspeed – 75 MPH
8. Master Switch – OFF
9. Doors – UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN
10. Touchdown – SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
11. Ignition Switch – OFF
12. Brakes – APPLY HEAVILY

LANDING WITH A FLAT TIRE

1. Main Gear: Land on the side of the runway corresponding
to the good tire.
2. Nose Gear: land in the center of the runway. Hold nose
wheel off the ground as long as possible.
3. Stop the aircraft on the runway. Shut aircraft down and
call maintenance.

LANDING ON ROUGH TERRAIN

1. Seatbelts and shoulder harness – tightened

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2. Doors – open
3. Flaps – as required
4. Shoulder harness – locked
5. Make a normal, tail-low, full-stall landing.

DITCHING
1. Forced Landing Procedure - PERFORM
2. Fly Parallel To The Waves
3. Full Flaps – A/S 75 Mph
4. Open Doors (Jettison)
5. Perform Stall Landing
6. EGRESS

BRAKE FAILURE
1. Land on the side of the runway corresponding to the
inoperative brake.
2. Use combination of nose wheel steering and the good
brake to maintain directional control.
3. If both brakes are inoperative, land in the center of the
runway.
4. Shutdown the engine and use nose wheel steering to
avoid obstacles.

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 GAS FUMES
RUNWAY 03 / 21 ( STRAIGHT – IN)

Procedures:
- Entry Pt – Gate 2 (PKI)
- Over Gate 2 Alt 2500’ Ft
GATE 2 - Join Long Finals for
PKI Straight-In approach

OBSERVE MAXIMUM CLEARING

Procedures:
GATE 1 - Entry Pt – Gate 1 (San Jose)
SAN JOSE - Over Gate 1 Alt 2500’ Ft
CHURCH - Join Long Finals for
Straight-In approach

OBSERVE MAXIMUM CLEARING

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 GAS FUMES
RUNWAY 03 / 21 (LIPA ENTRY)
(FAIR WX CONDITION)

Procedures:
- Entry Pt – Lipa at 2500’
- Fly Perpendicular to the
Runway
- Determine Runway In Use
- Descent 1800’ over West Side
of runway
- Join Base (L or R)
- On Finals – CHECK LIGHT
SIGNAL
- Land if Cleared

OBSERVE MAXIMUM CLEARING

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 GAS FUMES
RUNWAY 03 / 21 (M. KAHOY ENTRY)
(FAIR WX CONDITION)

Procedures:
- Entry Pt – M. Kahoy at 2500’
- Determine Runway In Use
- Descent 1800’ over West Side
of Runway
- Join Base (L or R)
- Land

OBSERVE MAXIMUM CLEARING

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 NO RADIO
RUNWAY 03 / 21 (LIPA ENTRY)
(FAIR WX CONDITION)

Procedures:
- Entry Pt – Lipa at 2500’
- Landing Lights – On
- Fly Perpendicular over
the Runway
- Determine Runway
In Use
- A beam Taxiway “B” – start
Descending to 1700’
- PASS WEST SIDE AND
PARALLEL OF RWY over
TAXIWAY “B” @ Alt – 1700’
- A beam 03/21 - WIGWAG
- Join Normal Pattern
- ON FINALS –
CHECK LIGHT SIGNAL
Coming from Tower
- Land if cleared

OBSERVE MAXIMUM
CLEARING

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 NO RADIO
RUNWAY 03 / 21 (M. KAHOY ENTRY)
(FAIR WX CONDITION)

Procedures:
- Entry Pt – M.Kahoy
at 2500’
- Landing Lights – On
- Determine Runway
In Use
- Perform Descending Turn
(L or R)
- PASS WEST SIDE AND
PARALLEL OF RWY over
TAXIWAY “B” @ Alt – 1700’
- A beam 03/21 - WIGWAG
- Join Normal Pattern
- ON FINALS –
CHECK LIGHT SIGNAL
Coming from Tower
- Land if cleared

OBSERVE MAXIMUM
CLEARING

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E - 19
 EMERGENCY DIVERSION AIRFIELDS
Clark Air Base
Basa Air Base Sangley Point
Course 337
Course 330 Course 338
Distance 80.5 NM
Distance 71.8 NM Distance 34.7 NM
RW Length 10,499
RW Length 8,360 RW Length 7,715

Manila Intl Airport

06-24/ 13-31
Course 349
Distance 33.6 NM
RW Length 11,771
Tower 118.1

Subic Bay Intl

Airport
07-25 Baradas,
Course 315
Distance 70.6 NM
RW Length 9,003
Tower 118.2

LIP

Pagbilao Grande
Lubang National Course 095
07-25 Distance 36.3 NM
Course 264 RW Length 3,281
Distance 59.8 NM
RW Length 4,135

Calatagan
Course 257 Marinduque Nat’l
Distance 28.8 NM 16-34
Course 131
Distance 54.2 NM
RW Length 4,593

Mamburao
Course 214
Distance 54 NM
RW Length 4,256

Calapan
Course 172
Distance 32.1 NM

Note: Unfilled Airfield rings are mere airstrips.

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 EMERGENCY DIVERSION AIRFIELDS

AIRFIELD COURSE DISTANCE RWY LENGTH

Manila Intl Airport 349 33.6 NM 11,771
Sangley Point 338 34.7 NM 7,715
Basa Air Base 330 71.8 NM 8,360
Clark Air Base 337 80.5 NM 10,499
Subic Bay Intl Airport 315 70.6 NM 9,003
Lubang National 264 59.8 NM 4,135
Calatagan 257 28.8 NM
Mamburao 214 54 NM 4,256
Calapan 172 32.1 NM
Marinduque Nat’l 131 54.2 NM 4,593
Pagbilao Grande 095 36.3 NM 3,281

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