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Harwood Biology 11 HSSS

Immune System – Independent Project

Purpose:

The purpose of this project is to tie the entire Biology 11 course together. My hope is that if you work hard on this
project you will have a better understanding of the relationship between evolution, DNA and living things. In addition,
this project will prompt you to reference components of the course, which will help you to begin preparing for our final
exam. I suggest writing your background and discussion answers on a separate page, as you will need more space than
this handout allows.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Holiday - Independent Project (IP) Evolution Unit Test Sounders Day – No Class - Laptop cart 5
Introduction - Immune Introduction (7
- Text pg. 763-768 / #17-20 minutes)
- Text pg. 769-772 / #22-27 - Immune System Case Study
(20 minutes)
- Begin IP Discussion
Questions (alone or in pairs)
- Laptop cart 5 - Laptop cart 1 - Laptop cart 1 - Laptop cart 1 - Laptop cart 1
- Homework: Finish Discussion - A second Introduction (9 - Watch Video (10 minutes) - Watch Video (10 minutes) - IP
Questions minutes) - IP (alone) - IP (alone)
- Choose topic - Take up discussion questions
with classmates (20 minutes)
- IP (alone)
- IP Due - Immune System Quiz
- Immune System Review

Background:

Draw and label the cell membrane:

The surface proteins on the membrane will also be referred to as ‘antigens’ for the purpose of this unit. An antigen can
serve many functions, one of which is to act as a form of cell identification. Different antigens, result in different cell
“identification”. For example, we discussed antigens during our discussions about “lock and key” fitment between a
phage and a bacteria cell.

Blood types are another example and are explained here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXTF7WehgM8. You may
also need to refer to your old DNA fingerprinting, blood types lab and lessons on DNA.

How are blood types different?

How are blood types the same?

* Viruses and bacteria also have antigens on their membranes. We will refer to these as ‘foreign antigens’ if/when they
enter the body.

Discussion Questions:

In order to answer these discussion questions, you will need some specific resources.

- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeVtPDjJBPU
o Introduction to the immune system
- http://harwoodsclassroom.weebly.com/biology-11.html
o There are 3 immune project resource PowerPoint presentations
 There are similar themes in each, though you will need to compare and contrast them to full
answer the questions
o There are three additional videos that will help
- http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune_disorders/biology_of_the_immune_system/overview_of_the_i
mmune_system.html
o A great synopsis of the immune system
o Glossary of useful terms
o Tons of information for the research and cancer questions
- http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/Immune_Notes.html
o Note form information
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3M0vU3Dv8E
o Bozeman Biology explains the immune system
 A brief synopsis
- http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/immune-system-friend-and-foe
o High end and in depth explanation of the immune system
 4 videos
 - http://media.hhmi.org/biointeractive/click/immunology_primer/01.html
o Cells of the immune system

1. What is innate immunity?

a. Give a step by step description of how the body deals with a foreign antigen when it enters the body
i. Terms to use: physical barriers, skin, macrophage, phagocytosis, Killer T cells

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2. What is acquired immunity?

a. Give a step by step description of how the body deals with a foreign antigen for the second time
i. Terms to use: macrophage antigen presentation, Killer T cells, Memory B cells, antibody,
clumping
1. If you reflect on the Blood Types Lab you might be able to make sense of what was
happening in your spot plates (note: we have not completed this lab in 2018, so you will
need to use the resources above and/or research independently)

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3. Explain how, through natural selection, simple pathogens and viruses such as the common cold are able to
affect the same person several times throughout their life.
i. i.e. What is different about each common cold that you catch? How come humans haven’t been
able to prevent the common cold? Does the exact same pathogen affect you several times, or
are they slightly different? Why or why not based on your understanding of acquired immunity?

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4. What is cancer at the cellular level?

a. How does this immune system deal with cancer cells?
b. What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? Try:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UopUxkeC4Ls

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Research Question:

For the research portion of your project, you will need to complete an in depth and comprehensive report on one of the
topics below. Marking criteria can be found on the final page. Your research component should define, explain and
elaborate on your topic of choice. Answer: who, what, when, where, why and how for your topic of choice. Give
examples and specific details of disorders if it is relevant. The research component of this project should be between
1500-2000 words and should contain at least 5 references and an http://www.easybib.com/ sources page using MLA
formatting (you are not allowed to source any wiki pages). When using a search engine for your topic, include ‘.edu’ in
the search bar to ensure education-based resources. I have added some prompts to get you started, but you will need to
add additional headings depending on where your project takes you.

Choose one of the following:

1. Autoimmune disorders
a. What?
b. How?
c. Examples?
d. Cures?
e. Causes?
2. Immunodeficiency disorders
a. See above
3. Allergies
a. See above
4. The aging immune system
a. See above
b. What happens to the immune system from the time we are born?
i. What helps us to build our immunity
ii. Why do we get sick more frequently when we age?
5. Late nights, sleep deprivation and reduced immunity
a. See above
b. To get you started
i. http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2013/11/why-late-nights-are-bad-your-immune-system
6. HIV and the immune system
a. See above
b. http://www.projectinform.org/pdf/0613_TAG_HIV_Aging.pdf
Independent Project Marking: