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Solar seed sowing machine

ABSTRACT

Agriculture Sector is the backbone of Indian Economy. There is a need for improvement in
agriculture sector, which can be achieved by using advanced technological methods for
farming processes like digging, sowing and irrigation etc. Mechanization reduces labour
cost and improves the overall productivity without affecting the quality of soil.
This paper represents a machine which can carry out various farming activities
simultaneously. Air and Noise Pollution are caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in IC
Engines and External Combustion Engines. To negate these problems, this machine uses
Solar Energy as an eco-friendly energy resource.
Solar Panel is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and a DC Motor converts
this electrical energy into mechanical energy to rotate a cutter for digging operation. Seed
Hopper is used for seed sowing and irrigation operations respectively. This machine
maintains seed to seed spacing and row to row spacing. It also decreases the cost of sowing
the seeds and requirement of labour.
Keywords:
DC Motor; Mechanization; Seed Hopper;
Solar Energy.

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INTROUDUCTION

At present many countries have shortage of skilled Labour in agriculture sector, which affects
the growth rate of the developing countries including India which hugely depends on agriculture
sector. As the population of India is rising, demand of food is also escalating which leads to
higher crop production per hectare. So, to fix these problems farmers should use latest
technological advancements for the various agricultural practices like digging, sowing, irrigation
etc.which are more efficient and less time consuming.
The main work of sowing operation is to sow seeds at required depth with specific \spacing
between the two sowed seeds. This can be achieved with the help of seed sowing machine
which will dig and sow the seeds. After The seeds being placed in the furrow land, it will cover
the sowed seeds with soil and sprinkle water Seed sowing machine saves time and Labour
requirement,\thus saving. lot of money along with the assurance of proper seed Broadcasting

LITERATURE SURVEY

 Mahesh R. Pundkar stated that the seed sowing machine is a key component of
agriculture field. High precision pneumatic planters have been developed for many
verities of crops, for a wide range of seed sizes, resulting to uniform seeds distribution
along the travel path, in seed spacing.

 M.A.Asoodar(2012) another agricultural researcher determined the effects of different

seeding technique and machines and also different rates of oilseed rape application on
seeding emergence plant establishment and final grain yield.

 P.P.Shelke concludes that bullock drawn planters are becoming necessity for sowing as
the skilled workers for sowing are almost diminishing. Planting distance and plant
population are crucial factors in maximizing the yields of crops.

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 Singh revealed that by using a seed drill for wheat crop there was an increase in yield by
13.025 percent when compared with the conventional method, it also revealed that by
using a seed drill for wheat crop, a saving of 69.96 per cent in man-hours and 55.17
percent in huliock hours was achieved when compared, with the conventional method.

OBJECTIVIES

From the literature review, it was summarized and decided to carry out the following list of
objectives in our proposed project work.

 To design the various components of proposed test rig.

 To fabricate the various components of the test rig as per the specifications
 To assemble the various components of proposed test rig.
 To test the test rig and measure parameters associated to the test rig.

METHODOLOGY
 Solar panel absorbs solar energy then it is converted into electrical energy.
 This electrical energy stored in the battery.
 The battery is connected to the D.C motor, which converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
 The DC motor gives the rotation to the couple of spur gear.
 The shaft and rear wheel is rotated with the help of spur gear.
 Seed hopper is provided to carry the seeds The seed feed rate adjusted by sliding the
door.
 Seed metering disc rotated along with the chain drive and same as the rear wheel. This
seed metering disc helps to throw in the hallow pipe
 End of the hallow pipe there is sharp edged metal plate is provided to dig the soil.
 After sowing the seeds the soil is compactly covered by the furrow closer (D-shaped arm)
.

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COMPONENTS
WHEEL: 3 wheels are used in our model . Each wheel diameter is 300mm used for
movement .

SEED CONTAINER & SEED METERING DISC:

 This setup consists of seed container with the door arrangement which is placed over the
top.
 It consist of sliding door for to feed the seed

SEED CONTAINER

SEED METERING DISC

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 Seed metering disc is a circular disc having equally spaced in its circumference can be
used for sowing . it is rotated by chain drive.

DOOR
 Ii is a sliding door. It can move easily and it control seed feed rate by moving up and
down. When door is closed it prevents the seeds come out from the container.

DIGGING PLATE & FURROWCLOSER

Digging plates are used to dig the land and to spray the seeds. It’s used to mount with rod.
Digging plates are made of mild steel. These plates are mounted in front of the seed container
and coupled in the rod with particular distance using bolts and nu

FRAME
 Frame is back bone of the equipment. It is made of mild steel. All the sub-parts in the
equipment are mounted on this frame. It is the rigid structure that forms a skeleton to
hold all the major parts t.
 At the bottom end of the frame wheel with seed container assembly is mounted. In the
frame, fertilizer container assembly is mounted and in the top of the frame handle and
stand is mounted

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DC MOTOR
 An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
 When a motor is in operation, it develops torque. This torque can produce mechanical
rotation.
 MOTOR rotates in + or - 60 rpm .
 CAPACITY : 12V, 10 W

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BATTERY
 BATTERY CAPACITY : 12V , 7.5A LEAD ACID BATTERY
 It stoers the electrical enrgy from the solar panel

SOLAR PANEL
 SOLAR PANEL CAPACITY : 12V , 10 WATT

WHOLE SETUP AFTER ASSEMBLING THE COMPONENTS

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CALCULATION:

Assuming the machine runs at minimum speed of 35rpm at load condition as per chosen 12V DC
motor at current 1.8Amps

Power of motor = voltage × current

P = 12 × 1.8

P = 21.6 watt

P = 2πNT/60

21.6 = 2π × 35 × T/60

T = 5.90 N/m

T = 5.90 × 103 N/m

Shaft is approximately subjected to 20 Kg of load

Force = 20 × 9.81 (N)

F = 196.2N

Design of shaft diameter (d)

Length of shaft (L) = 600mm

Upward force = Downward force

RA + RB = 196.2

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Bending moment

BM , BMa = 0 N/mm

BMc = 98 × 300 = 29400 N/mm

BMb = 0 N/mm

Maximum Bending moment in shaft = 29400 N/mm

According to Maximum Shear Stress Theory by

1
16
d=( √( 𝐾𝑏 × Mb )2 + (𝐾𝑓 × T)2 )3
𝜋 ×τ

τsteel = 120 allowable shear stress

Kb = 1.5 (shock factor in bending)Kt = 1.2

1
16
d=( √( 1.5 × 29400 )2 + (1.2 × 5.9 × 103 )2 )3
𝜋 ×120

d = 13.3mm

Standard diameter is 15mm

d=15mm

Diameter of the rear Wheel is

30cm =300mm.

Distance travelled by Wheel in one revolution is given by D = π × 300mm

D = 3.14 × 300

D = 940 mm

940
Pitch distance between two seeds point is = 470mm by proving teo of holes in circumference
2

of seed metering device.

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SPECIFICATIONS
 PANEL : 12V ,10 WATT
 BATTERY : 12V 7.5A LEAD ACID BATTERY
 DC MOTOR : 12V , 10 WATT PERMANENT SOLAR MAGNET
 WHEELS : 3 WHEELS , WHEEL DIA 30CM Commented [D1]:

 SHAFT : Dia 15MM , 4 ball bearings

 HOPPER (1KG CAPACITY)
 2 SPUR GEARS
 DIGGING PLATE & FURROW CLOSER

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
 Low cost.
 Easy construction.
 Easy to operate and free from pollution
 Renewable energy only required.

DISADVANTAGES
 Additional cost is high.
 It is operated on battery supply , if any failure occurs whole system wont work
properly

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FUTURE SCOPE

 Introduction of drill bit in place of cutter can be used as soil erosion equipment

 Machine can be operated automatically with the help of remote control or navigation
sensor

 Multi-hopper can be attached instead of single hopper for sowing of a large farm

 Seed spacing sensors can be used for accurate spacing

CONCLUSION
This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and experience, to use our
limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing,
assembling and machining while doing this project work. We feel that the project work is a good
solution to bridge the gates between the institution and the industries.

We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited time successfully. The
“FABRICATION OF SOLAR SEED SOWING MACHINE” system is working with
satisfactory conditions. We can able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances
and also the quality. We have done to our ability and skill making maximum use of available
facilities. Thus we have developed a “SOLAR SEED SOWING MACHINE” which helps to
achieve the seed sowing using the solar power automatically. By using more techniques, they can
be modified and developed according to the applications.

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REFERENCES

[ 1] MaheshR.Pundkar , “ Aseedsowi ngmachi ne: Ar ev i ew”I JESS v ol ume3, I ssue3.I SSN:

22499482, I nt er nat i onal j our nal of engi neer i ngandsoci al sci ence. [ 2] P. P.Shel ke, “ f r
ont l i nedemonst r at i ononbul l ockdr awnpl ant er enhancesy i el dofsoy abeancr op.I nt er nat i
onal j our nal off ar m sci ence1( 2) : 123128, 2011. [ 3] I nt er nat i onal Jour nal ofEmer gi
ngTechnol ogy&Resear ch Vol ume1, I ssue3, Mar Apr , 2014( www. i j et r . or g)I SSN( E) :
2347 5900I SSN( P) : 23476079“ Aut omat i cSeedPl ant erPunchi ng Ty pe” [ 4] Rol andoP, “
Dev el opmentofamanual l yoper at eddi sct y pecor n seeder ” [ 5] Sahay( 1990) , Pr i nci pal
sofAgr i cul t ur al Engi neer i ng( 2005) , Vol ume1, Textbookpubl i shedbyJai nbr ot her s,
NewDel hi , I ndi a. [ 6] N. I qbal , N. Akbar , M. Al i , M. Sat t ar , L. Al i .” Ef f ectofseedr at
eand Rowspaci ngony i el dandy i el dcomponent sofWheat“ Jour nal ofAgr i cul t ur al Resear
ch, 48( 2) . [ 7] R.Joshua, V.VasuandP.Vi ncent“ Sol arSpr ay er-An Agr i cul t ur eI mpl ement ”
, “ I nt er nat i onal Jour nal ofSust ai nabl e Agriculture”2( 1) : 1619, 2010I SSN20792107” [ 8]
Shi v apr asadBS, Rav i shankar aMN, BNShoba, “Desi gnand i mpl ement at i onofSeedi ngandf
er t i l i zi ngAgr i cul t ur e r obot ” I nt er nat i onal Jour nal ofAppl i cat i onorI nnov at i oni n
Engi neer i ng&Management( I JAI EM) Vol ume3, I ssue6, I SSN 2319–4847, June2014.

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