Krushi Mitra- Cognitive IoT based Smart Irrigation System
Hardik Shah Hrishikesh Mohite Utkarsh Parchand
CSE CSE CSE
RTMNU RTMNU RTMNU
Nagpur, India Nagpur, India Nagpur, India
hardikshah343@gma hrishimohite987@g utkarshparchand15@
il.com mail.com gmail.com
Abstract- Understanding the current agricultural
scenario in which most of the field work is dominated
by manual labour and traditional techniques being
employed, a necessary upgrade to the existing system
could be using the concept of Cognitive IoT. The use
of these techniques through sensors which extract real
time data from the field to compare with the pre-
defined benchmark data, predict the suitability of
crops and also utilize resources in a sustainable way.
The Moisture, Temperature, Nitrate, pH and
Dissolved oxygen sensor serve as the parameters
across which the soil analysis is carried out. Two
datasets, one serving as the global pre-defined
benchmark and the other created by real time data
extraction across the mentioned parameters when
compared, would predict an accurate measure of
suitability for a particular crop. Upon the upload of
these datasets on a database, Firebase, a historical
record of the data is generated. This record would
allow the system to respond to a particular situation
based on its relevant response as justified by the
database.
Therefore, this facility would provide a means for
learning in the system, hence making agriculture a
smart process.
Pruthviraj Kanoje Prof. Rashmi Jain
CSE CSE
RTMNU RTMNU
Nagpur, India Nagpur, India
chrysisprithvi@gmai Rashmi_jain@rediff
l.com mail.com
I. INTRODUCTION
Since ages farmers have been using agricultural
techniques in India through manual control. The global
agricultural scenario, however is characterized by poor
performance, increased demand for higher productivity
& decreased availability of water.
Agricultural process has the following challenges faced
commonly by farmers-
● The water gets wasted as the consumption is more.
● The soil may have chemical impurities which make
it undesirable for the plants.
● The agricultural process is not always future proof,
i.e it is susceptible to environment factors.
At present there is no intelligent method or device to
analyse the moisture content of an agricultural field or
the chemical concentration in soil. Farmers rely on their
experience about moisture content in the field for
particular crop.
Due to lack of analysis on soil and improper water
consumption, leads to the unsatisfactory crop production.
It is not feasible to keep surveying the field for various
issues that may occur due to weather, soil, water as the
expertise required for it is costly.
Therefore, we have created Krushi Mitra, a Cogititive
IoT based smart agricultural system that can –
a) Analyse the soil conditions and suggest crops for
better yield.
b) Implement a smart irrigation schedule for efficient
consumption of water.
c) Check the suitability of both the water and the soil
based on relevant parameters as well as respond to
it.
Krushi Mitra thus control the operations in
agriculture through intelligent methods which can
be helpful to the farmers.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
The information about the previous work related to the
usage of sensors in agriculture was collected. Various
approaches in the past include a proposal to implement a
WSN system based Wi-Fi, which consist
ARM9/ARM11 and WSN comprising of different
sensors. It is proposed to sense, temperature, moisture,
humidity atmosphere and nitrates, potassium and
phosphorus (NPK) in the soil and control it with wireless
communication. Another approach was using
automated crop prediction algorithm based on efficient
soil nutrients is proposed. Detailed description of the
algorithm is explained in subsequent section. The
proposed application has the following modules: Admin,
user, GSM, Sensor. Farmers register their NPK
sensor with the main server. The NPK sensors take
suitable sample of the soil and returns the nutrient level
to the main server and predictions are made such that
best crop can be grown in the field, which will be
notified to the farmers. The NPK value obtained from
the sensor is stored in the database through raspberry pi.
Thus the suitable crop is messaged to farmer as SMS
alert. The mentioned approaches however, lack a
cognitive orientation in them, meaning that the it needs
to be constantly fed with the data in order to make a
prediction. Hence, we propose a system which has the
capability to learn the historical data generated by the
database over time, and then make a prediction.
III. PROPOSED APPROACH
In order to analyse the soil to get the most profitable
crop that consumes optimum water for better yield
through Cognitive IoT Based Smart Agriculture System,
Krushi Mitra, the following steps approach is undertaken.
To create a dataset which will be imported with globally
defined values for information related to crops, such as
soil suitability, water requirements, etc., named
‘Kakashi’ which will serve as the benchmark. Another
dataset which will fetch the real time values taken from
sensors which will be used for the analysis named as
‘Itachi’. Prediction of crop to be cultivated using Itachi
of and comparing it with Kakashi. Proper irrigation control
mechanism for optimum usage of water will be
scheduled based on implementation of cognitive learning
on Kakashi and Itachi.The key components involved in
the establishment as well as the opration of the Krushi
an Mitra database are- Raspberry Pi, GSM Module,
Firebase Database, and he various sensors like the
Moisture, Nitrate, pH and Dissolved Oxygen sensors.
Fig. 1. System Diagram
Krushi Mitra is divided in 3 modules:

A. Hardware and sensors’ to be used

Hardware required :
Raspberry Pi.
GSM SIM990A Module.
Relay.
AC - DC adapter.
Sensors required :
Moisture sensor.
Temperature sensor.
Fig 2. The Firebase database
pH sensor.

Named Kakashi and Itachi, these two databases serve as

Integrate sensors with Raspberry PI. The various sensors
the global dataset containing the benchmark values for
i.e Moisture, Temperature, Nitrate, pH and Dissolved
the crops and their suitability, and the real time sensor
Oxygen sensors are initialized upon connecting them to
fed data extracted by the various sensors, respectively.
the board.
Kakashi and Itachi will thus be created and updated in
Activate GSM SIM900A module and establish a proper
this database.
connection with GSM/GPRS/SMS services. This would
Connect PI with firebase database. Once the connection
act as the key messenger between the field and the
between PI and the firebase database is established, the
farmer. Upon the collection of the various readings
real time data from the sensors which is extracted from
provided in real time from the farm land, the SMS is
the field can be uploaded to the firebase database.
provided to the farmer regarding the data.
Collect crop relevant data from sensors and store it on
firebase database. The data is hence forwarded to the
database.
B. Hardware implementation and uploading data to
server.
C. Software Implementation

Create a ‘Firebase’ - a mobile and web application

Software implementation has been divided in three
development platform offering real time no SQL
phases
database with cloud storage, server for data aggregation.
This firebase database will be used to incorporate the
Phase 1 : Communication between farmer and Krushi
databases required in the operation of Krushi Mitra
Mitra is the focus in the implementation of the software.
system.
For the communication between the farmer and the
Krushi Mitra system, a web based platform will be
developed. The farmer can register for the services on
this platform where a unique key will be given for the
connection with his Krushi Mitra.
Phase 3:
The aim of this phase is to perform Soil analysis for
suggestion of crop to cultivate.
Using Itachi dataset, data collected form sensors like pH,
nitrate and dissolved oxygen will be compared with the
Kakashi dataset and the suggestion of the crop to be
cultivated for healthier production will be provided to
the farmer.

Fig 3. The Krushi Mitra registration page

Once the Krushi Mitra is activated the SMS services will

be activated between farmer and Krushi Mitra. The
farmer can visit and check the status of his field and
monitor the irrigation schedule on web platform.

Phase 2: Data Analysis

The aim of this phase is to perform data analysis

Relevant learning algorithm will be initiated when new
crop is seeded. The algorithm will learn the pattern of
irrigation and recognize the type of crop based on fuzzy
logic and analyse the usage of water, which will generate
Itachi dataset on firebase server.
Kakashi, the dataset derived from ‘Global Dataset’ -
dataset of parameters such as pH value, dissolved
oxygen, water and nitrogen compounds in specific
Fig 4 : Block diagram of Krishi Mitra software
measures required for the crop resulting in better and
healthier production, will be implemented.
Based on the fuzzy logic the crops are classified into
various types in Kakashi dataset.
After comparative analysis of Itachi dataset and
requirement of the crop a appropriate irrigation pattern
will be generated and implemented on irrigation system
which will be controlled automatically by Krushi Mitra.
 IV. BENEFITS
− The Krushi Mitra system provides a system which
enables the prediction of crop to be cultivated,
resulting from the analysis.
− It is also an irrigation control mechanism which
would ensure the optimum usage of water, based on
the implementation of cognitive learning.
− The facility of databases and the analysis makes it
possible for the farmer to have an efficient farming
as the Krushi Mitra system ranks the most suitable
crops depending on the readings in the sensors.
V. CONCLUSIONS
Krushi Mitra can be integrated with a bot so that
continuous surveillance on the field is possible.
The Krushi Mitra not only serves as a tool in determining
the suitability of soil, it intelligently responds to the
analysis, hence devising better irrigation schedule. The
application of machine learning makes an accurate
operation of the tool, reducing inconsistency.
The system replaces traditional survey tools which cost a
lot of money and are inconvenient to use due to their one
time application.
REFERENCES
[1] Lokesh .K, Shakti J, Sneha Wilson, Tharini. M.S., T N
Nagabhushan, Anand Raj S Ulle and Shivaprakash S P,
“Automated crop prediction based on efficient soil nutrient
estimation using sensor network”, National Conference on
Product Design (NCPD 2016), July 2016
[2] Komal Abhang, Surabhi Chaughule, Pranali Chavan,
Shraddha Ganjave “Soil analysis and crop fertility prediction.”.
(IRJET), Volume: 05, Issue: 03 Mar-2018
[3] Gaikwad S.V, Galande S.G.“Measurement of NPK,
Humidity using WSN”, Int. Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 8, (Part - 3)
August 2015, pp.84-89
[4] V. Rajeswari, K. Arunesh“Analysing soil data using data
mining classification techniques”, Indian Journal of Science and
Technology, Vol 9(19), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i19/93873,
May 2016
[5] Dharesh Vadalia, Minal Vaity, Krutika Tawate,
Dynaneshwar Kapse“Real time soil fertility analyzer and crop
prediction”. (IRJET). Volume: 04 Issue: 03 Mar -2017
[6] N Hemageetha, G.M. Nasira “Analysis of soil condition
based on pH value using classification techniques” IOSR
Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-
0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 18, Issue 6, Ver. III (Nov.-
Dec. 2016), PP 50-54