Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Martin Peacock
2
AE Test History
3
Continued Operation of the Tank
4
AE Test Programme
5
Wave Based Noise Discrimination
Cracks create primarily in-plane (IP) high frequency extensional waves with shear and
small low frequency flexural wave components depending on crack depth
Extraneous noise sources such as impact and friction create out of plane (OOP) signals
comprising primarily low frequency flexural and high frequency shear components.
6
Pattern Recognition
7
Pattern Recognition Process
EXPECTED CLASSES AE
INSTRUMENT
ANALYSIS &
DISPLAY
1 2 3 N
FEATURE EXTRACTION
FEATURE SELECTION
XXXX.VCF
8
Class Information Added to Data
Operating Noise
(Classes 3 & 4)
Underlying AE
Activity
(Classes 1 & 2)
9
Classifier Development
Perspex Strip Applied to Centre
of Plate Edge
10
Waveform Feature Extraction
11
Wave Feature Matrix and Classes
OOP Signals
4 3 2 1 IP Signals
Spray Noise
LF Noise
1 4 2
Time-Frequency Matrix
3
Selected Features in Red
13
Training Set Data
14
Classifier Settings
Classifier V101 Test-3 TR Setting
Segments 16 Samp Freq 2MHz
Samples/segment 128 Samples 2048
Trigger offset -256 Pre-trig -512
Frequency Range 20-550kHz
Features Extracted 561
Detection
Threshold & 16 overlapping segments
Trigger Point of 128 points (~500us)
15
Classifier Results
Features 191
Classifier Results (191 Features) IP Signal OOP Noise Ops Noise WG Noise Percent
Test Plate IP Signal (29) 27 2 0 0 93.1%
Test Plate OOP Signal (32) 0 32 0 0 100.0%
Early fill and operating noise (4790) 1 64 4663 62 97.3%
Waveguide Noise (61) 0 0 1 60 98.4%
Features 306
Classifier Results (306 Features) IP Signal OOP Noise Ops Noise WG Noise Percent
Test Plate IP Signal (29) 27 2 0 0 93.1%
Test Plate OOP Signal (32) 0 32 0 0 100.0%
Early fill and operating noise (4790) 1 68 4668 54 97.4%
Waveguide Noise (61) 0 0 2 59 96.7%
Features 447
Classifier Results (447 Features) IP Signal OOP Noise Ops Noise WG Noise Percent
Test Plate IP Signal (29) 29 0 0 0 100.0%
Test Plate OOP Signal (32) 0 32 0 0 100.0%
Early fill and operating noise (4790) 0 15 4726 49 98.7%
Waveguide Noise (61) 0 0 1 60 98.4%
16
Graphic of Class Separation
IP Signal
OOP Signal
17
Detecting an ‘Other’ Class
Hits
Unknown Class
(Rain Showers)
Spray Ring Noise
Distance Ratio
18
Tank Test
13000 25.0
12000 20.0
Ammonia Level (tonne)
11000 15.0
10000 10.0
Pressure spikes
due to shutting 9000 5.0
off refrigeration
during hold 8000
31/08/2008 31/08/2008 01/09/2008 01/09/2008 01/09/2008 01/09/2008 01/09/2008 02/09/2008 02/09/2008 02/09/2008
0.0
periods to 16:00 20:48 01:36 06:24 11:12 16:00 20:48 01:36 06:24 11:12
Level Pressure
19
AE Sensor Layout
4.57
D 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
C 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
21.9
B 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
2.43
4.57
6m typ
6.3m typ
A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 8 10 7 9
0 deg
1.5m
0.61
101.5
72 R8
71 R7 73 R9
4 Rows of 16 sensors on
70 R6 74 R10
shell: 16 sensors on roof
R15
79 80
R16
as shown
69 R5 ø 4.0m 75 R11
270 90
R14
78 77
R13
Maximum spacing 6.8m
68 R4
150kHz sensors
76 R12
67 R3 65 R1 Inlet Nozzle
21
Data Evaluation
22
Single Channel Analysis
23
Operating and Fill Noise
24
Location Plot – All Data
260
25
Location Plot – Classes 1 & 2
26
Results
27
Conclusions
28