7-0 Causes and Effects of Fires and Explosions

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY CRUDE PIPELINE SYSTEM
PROJECT
NOC
OIL PROJECTS COMPANY
DRAINAGE AND EFFLUENT PHILOSOPHY
DOCUMENT REVISION INDEX
0 01-12-2017 Z.A. Z.A. Z.A. J.M Issue for Tender
Rev. Date Originator Reviewed Eng. Approved Proj. Approved Status
DOCUMENT NUMBER PROJECT NUMBER NUMBER OF PAGES

0000-0000-PR-0005 5534 18
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3

1.1 Scope ...................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Referenced Documents ........................................................................... 3
1.3 Codes & Guidelines ................................................................................. 4
2.0 EFFLUENTS IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION .......................................... 4

2.1 General .................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Gaseous Effluents.................................................................................... 5
2.3 Liquid Effluents ........................................................................................ 6
2.4 Solid Effluents .......................................................................................... 8
3.0 EFFLUENT COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL ............................................................. 9

3.1 Oily Storm Water Effluents ....................................................................... 9
3.2 Oily Produced Water Effluents ............................................................... 10
3.3 Oily Process Water Effluents.................................................................. 12
3.4 Storm Water System .............................................................................. 13
3.5 Condensate System Effluents ................................................................ 13
3.6 Suspended Solids Effluents ................................................................... 14
3.7 Wet Sludge Effluents ............................................................................. 14
3.8 Metals Effluents ..................................................................................... 14
3.9 Chemical Injection Effluents ................................................................... 14
3.10 Waste Oil Effluents ................................................................................ 14
4.0 DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 14

4.1 Oil storage tanks .................................................................................... 14
4.2 Water treatment system drainage .......................................................... 15
4.3 Black Water (Sewage) Drainage ............................................................ 18
APPENDICES
Appendix A:Abbreviations and Acronyms
NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT
Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

DocumentNumber:0000-0000-PR-0005 Date: 11/0000/2017 NOC
Project Number:5534 Page:2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this Document is to develop the conceptual Design for the
New Iraqi-Turkey Crude Oil Export Pipeline Project with sufficient details to
reduce uncertainties during the BOOT bidding stage. The client is the North
Oil Company /Pipeline Company .
The purpose of this document is to establish the drainage philosophy for

process and utility piping work .
The philosophy described by this document shall be reflected in the Piping and
Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID's) for this project.
1.1 Scope
The purpose of this document is to identify and list the various drains, effluents and
waste material generated at each pump station for Conceptual Design for New Iraqi-
Turkey Crude Oil Export Pipeline). The intention of this document is to define the
basis of design for the safe disposal of effluents and waste materials.
This philosophy identifies the handling and disposal of effluents and waste material
for below pump stations and associated facilities:- The process and utility spare
equipments are covered for the following pump stations:-
 Pump Station ITP1
 Pump Station ITAP1
 Pump Station ITAP2
 Metering Station MS
Referenced Documents
The following documents have been used as input for preparation of this document,
and are as listed in Table 1-1.
Table ‎1-1 Referenced Documents
Document Numbers Document Titles
0000-0000-PR-0001 Project Design Basis
0000-0000-PR-000 Loss Prevention Philosophy
0000-0000-PR-000 HSE Philosophy
0000-0000-PR-000 Environmental Design Criteria

1.2 Codes & Guidelines
The following codes and guidelines shall be applicable for drainage and effluent
activitiesbut not limited to the following:-
 Iraqi national environmental laws / specifications
 Protection and improvement of the environment
 Iraqi regulation for the preservation of water sources
 Specification of sanitary landfill of wastes
 Environmental instructions for the industrial projects
2.0 EFFLUENTS IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
2.1 General
Identification of effluent sources at each pump station is as follows:-
 Packages/ equipment drains during wash out
 Liquid sample points
 Piping drains
 Liquids due to spillage
 Surface water drainages
 Domestic sewers
 Substation transformer pens/ enclosure
 Floor/roof drains
 Rainwater
 Fire fighting water
 Packages maintenance
 Other effluents
 Oil contents
 Total dissolved solids
 Metal contents
 Water salts

 Microorganisms
 Sludge
 Injection chemicals
The effluents have been classified below based on source, type and level of
contaminations:-
 Gaseous effluents
 Liquids effluents
 Solids effluents
2.2 Gaseous Effluents
The gaseous effluents from the surface facilities at each pump station to be
discharged to the flare KO drum. The storage tanks shall be vented to safe locations.
The gaseous effluents from the following sources are listed in Table 2-1.
Table ‎2-1 Gaseous Effluents
Gaseous Effluents Sources Release to

Natural gas condensate Condensate collection drum Flare KO drum
Natural gas condensate Closed drain collection drum Flare KO drum
Natural gas Diesel storage tank Local vent
Leakage at joints during venting of Flare KO drum
natural gases at fuel gas launcher
Fuel gas piping
and receiver and conditioning
packages.
Produced water treatment package Flare KO drum
Fuel gas
Oily water separation packages Flare KO drum
2.2.1 Air Emissions
Normal operation emissions from gas turbines and flare shall comply with local Iraqi
National Environmental limitations of emissions.
Maximum allowable emission limits of air pollutants emitted from hydrocarbon fuel
combustion sources as per Iraqi national limitations of emissions are included in
Table 2-2. The further details of air emissions limits shall be referred in
Environmental Design Criteria (0000-0000-HSE-0001).

Table ‎2-2 Maximum Allowable Emission Limits
Emission Limits
Substances Symbols Sources (mg/Nm3)
Visible Emissions All sources 250
Nitrogen Oxides Turbine units:-

NOx Gas fuel 70
Liquid fuel 150
Sulphur Dioxide SO2 All sources 500
Total Suspended Particles All sources 250

TSP
Carbon Monoxide CO All sources 500
2.3 Liquid Effluents
The liquid effluents from processes and utility are as at each pump station to be
discharged to the oily water separation packages during pump stations upset
conditions and maintenance activities.
The hydrocarbons drains from process equipments (e.g., crude oil scrapper
launcher/receivers, crude oil pumps, crude oil tanks and oily water separation
package etc) shall be collected in a closed drain collection drum and pumped back to
the crude oil pipeline via surge relief tank.
Produced water shall settle at the bottom of the crude oil storage tanks at ITP1 and
ITAP1 and shall be transferred to a produced water buffer tank. The water quality of
the produced water is expected to be unacceptable for discharge offsite due to high
oil particles. The produced water treatment plant shall be considered at ITP1 and
ITAP1. The treated water from produced water treatment plants shall be transferred
to dedicated evaporation ponds.
The surge relief tank shall be drained through drain pumps and disposed of by road
tankers. A deluge system may produce a large volume of water expected to ensure
proper drainage. The liquid effluents sources and disposal locations are summarized
in Table 2-3.

Table ‎2-3Liquid Effluents
Liquid Effluents Sources Disposal to
Oily produced water Produced water at ITP1 / Evaporation pond via

ITAP1 crude oil storage tanks produced water treatment
plant
Oily waste water Oily waste water at each Safe place through road
station surge relief tanks tankers.
Oily waste water Oily waste water at ITAP2 Evaporation pond via oily
crude oil storage tanks water treatment plant
Oily waste water Crude oil scraper Evaporation pond via oily
launcher/receiver water treatment Plant
Oily waste water Crude oil booster pumps Evaporation pond via oily
water treatment plant
Oily waste water Evaporation pond via oily
Crude oil export pumps
Oily waste water Crude oil reinjection pumps Evaporation pond via oily
Oily waste water Recovered oil pumps at oily Evaporation pond via oily
water separation package water treatment plant
Diesel fuel oil transfer pumps
Water treatment plant
Condensate oil transfer pumps
Oily waste water Fuel gas KO drum Evaporation pond via oily
Sludge recovered Oily water separation package Recycle to oily water
water separation package
Floor wash Oily water separation package Recycle to oily water

separation package
Transformer bays Oily water separation package Recycle to oily water
drains separation package

2.4 Solid Effluents
The solid effluents from processes and utility are as at each pump station to be
discharged to the sludge treatment plant. The dry sludge shall be disposed to safe
location as per Iraqi national environmental limitations at regular intervals. The solid
effluents shall be collected from the following sources as listed in Table 2-4.
T
a
b Effluents
Solid Sources Disposal to
l
e Safe place as per Iraqi national
Produced water
Wet / dry sludge environmental limitations via sludge
treatment plant
‎ treatment system
2 Safe place as per Iraqi national
- Oily water separation
Wet / dry sludge environmental limitations via sludge
4 package
treatment system
S
o Raw water, potable Safe place as per Iraqi national
Total
l suspended water and demin water environmental limitations via sludge
solids
i systems treatment system
d
Raw water, potable Safe place as per Iraqi national
Metals and their
water and demin water environmental limitations via sludge
compounds
systems treatment system

3.0 EFFLUENT COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL
3.1 Oily Storm Water Effluents
The potentially oily wastewater / rainwater / accidentally oil contaminated (AOC)

water shall be collected in the evaporation pond via the first flush basin (oily water
separation) from each pump station paved area surface facilities. The oily storm
water/rainfall water shall be collected from the following equipments paved areas:-
 Crude oil booster pumps
 Crude oil export pumps
 Crude oil drain pumps
 Crude oil reinjection pumps
 Diesel fuel oil transfer pumps
 Condensate oil transfer pumps
 Fuel gas Knockout drums
 Power generation area
 Transformer compound
 Produced water treatment plants
 Oily water separation packages
 Crude oil storage tanks areas
Contaminated water from paved areas shall be transferred to First Flush Basin for
separation of oil and water. Treated water from first flush basin shall be pumped to
evaporation pond. Oily water from first flush basin shall be pumped to produced
water treatment package at ITP1/ITAP1 and open drain water treatment package at
ITAP2 for further recovery. The oily storm water through paved are as shall be
designed considering peak rainfall.
In prolonged storm events, drainage after the first flush shall be uncontaminated and
therefore shall be routed to the evaporation pond. The evaporation pond shall be
designed to hold storm water for minimum of 45 minutes. If rain continues after 45
minutes the evaporation pond water shall overflow to outside of pump stations. The
evaporation pond overflow water quality shall be as per Iraqi National Environmental
laws/specifications.
The accumulated water in crude oil tanks dyke are as shall be contaminated with oil
and suspended solids during rain / fire event. This contaminated water shall be
transferred to open drain collection drum through three-way valves pit (by pass
arrangement) located outside of dyke area. The storm /clean water from dyke area
shall be transferred to evaporation pond via civil channel through three-way valves
pit.

The crude oil shall be collected to dyke area during catastrophic failure of crude
oil storage tank. It shall be disposed of to outside by road tankers in consultation with
NOC.
The evaporation pond shall be designed to hold approximately 45 days effluent and
surface drainage at normal flow rates. The evaporation pond and the site effluent
outfall shall be fitted with spot sampling facilities. The site operator shall have control
of the final discharge from the site; discharge shall be initiated in the event that the
operator is satisfied that the contents of the evaporation pond meets the project
effluent discharge standards or the requirements of World Bank guidelines and Iraqi
Regulations.
3.2 Oily Produced Water Effluents
The produced water treatment plant shall be considered at ITP1 and ITAP1 as per
SCOP requirements. The design value at the inlet of each produced water treatment
plant is taken as 2000 ppm. The produced water treatment plant shall consist of but
not limited to the following units and shall be finalized during detail design.
 Produced water buffer tank

 CPI unit and water transfer pumps
 IGF flotation unit and Nutshell filters
 Sludge disposal package
 Chemical injection packages
 Produced water storage tank
 Treated water disposal pumps
 Evaporation pond
3.2.1 Produced Water Buffer Tank
The produced water from the crude oil storage tanks at ITP1 and ITAP1 shall be
transferred to a produced water atmospheric storage tanks. The produced water shall
be pumped to CPI unit in such a way that to facilitate gravity draining to produced
water corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) to remove the oil droplets and suspended
solids.
3.2.2 CPI Unit and Transfer Pumps
The CPI (corrugated plate interceptor) separator unit acts as a vessel and is used for
separation mainly of oil and sludge/ solids from the process drains. This unit is a first
stage treatment and it is foreseen that a reduction of oil content to around 200 ppm
from the design value at the inlet of 2000 ppm.
The CPI separator is an oil-water gravity separator enabling high efficiency gravity
separation with corrugated plates as internals, providing excellent treatability with a
high flow rate. The corrugated plates are located at short intervals, providing high oil-
water separation efficiency and increasing also solid separation.

The corrugated plates shall be designed to allow for oil droplet coalescence and
separation. As the process flows downward through the pack, separated oil begins to
agglomerate on the underside of each plate allowing for oil particle growth and their
rise to a collection area at the oil water interface. A thick layer of oil forms at this
interface and is allowed to collect until it overflows an adjustable oil weir into an oil
bucket for removal.
From the oil chamber of the CPI unit the oil is pumped to the recovered oil drum by
means of a recovered oil pump.
The suspended solids partially coalesce through the CPI plates and will settle on the
bottom of the CPI unit. Treated water from CPI will require a secondary treatment to
further reduction of oil in water i.e. 50-60 ppm. The water shall then pass to
secondary treatment unit i.e. (Induced Gas Flotation Unit)
The solid sludge from the CPI separator is transferred by piped connection to the
underground sludge storage pit by means of valves with timer for solid accumulation
control opening/closing.
3.2.3 IGF Flotation Unit
The IGF flotation unit is foreseen to reduce the oil amount from around 200 ppm (CPI
outlet) low to a level of 50-60 ppm by means of a dissolved gas flotation system
acting as secondary treatment.
The holdup time inside the IGF flotation unit is maintained by means of liquid level
control valve installed on the water outlet line (hold up time around 5-6 minutes). The
IGF flotation unit is able to reduce not only the oil amount down to 50-60 ppm, but
can also handle the removal of suspended solids to a content of less than 100 ppm
with 90% of 20 micron or higher size particles to be removed.
3.2.4 Nutshell Filters
Downstream of the IGF flotation unit, a third stage of treatment using nutshell filters
with backwash water drum is foreseen in order to achieve the water evaporation
design requirements:-
 Oil content less than 10 ppm
 Suspended solid less than 10 ppm
3.2.5 Chemical Injection Packages
The following chemical injections at upstream and downstream of the CPI unit shall
be considered:-
 Biocide
 Scale
 Corrosion control
 Oxygen control

3.2.6 Produced Water Disposal Pumps
The Produced water from the IGF unit is transferred to produce water storage tank
and water shall be pumped to the evaporation pond by means of disposal pumps.
3.2.7 Evaporation Pond
The evaporation pond shall be designed with enough surface area to

efficiently evaporate water by sunlight and exposure to the ambient temperatures.
The pond allows the water to evaporate "cleanly" leaving the waste behind.
3.2.8 Sludge Disposal Package
The sludge accumulated at the bottom of the CPI units, at the bottom of the IGF
flotation unit needs to be treated and disposed of through road tanker.
3.3 Oily Process Water Effluents
The oily process water effluentsfrom pump stations shall be collected in oily water
separation (open drain system). The open drain systemshall be designed to treat and
dispose of contaminated water coming from process areas wash water etc. All drain
piping shall be connected to the open drain underground collection header.
The potentially oily wastewater shall also be collected from each pump station (oil
contained equipments) floor wash areas surface facilities. The oily process water
effluents will collect liquids from the following sources:-
 Process equipments wash down water
 Utility equipments wash down water
 Wash water during maintenance operations
 Liquid spills onto paved areas
 Wash water used for outdoor facility housekeeping containing oily contents
 Condensate collection drum discharge
 Oily water gathering network if any
The contaminated oily process water shall be passed to oily water separation
package where surface oil separates out from the denser aqueous phase.
The design value at the inlet of each oily water separation plant is taken as 1000
ppm. The oily water separation plant shall consist of but not limited to the following
units:-
 CPI unit and transfer pumps
 IGF flotation unit
 Nutshell filters

 Sludge disposal package
 Chemical injection packages
 Treated water storage tank
 Treated water disposal pumps
 Evaporation pond
3.4 Storm Water System
Storm water shall be transferred to evaporation pond through storm water

networkduring rain event. The storm / non-contaminated water shall be collected
from the following sources. The storm water shall not be treatedaswater flow through
these areas is not expected to be contaminated:-
 Pump stations buildings roofs and shelters
 Pump stations unpaved areas
 Pump stations roads
 Pump stations gravel areas
 Pump stations accommodation areas
Pump stations ITAP2 unpaved areas shall be divided into four zones. The lift stations
basin shall be considered at each zone. Storm water from these four zones unpaved
areas shall be collected into these four lift stations.
3.5 Condensate System Effluents
The sources of condensate collection are as follows:-
 Fuel gas knock out drum
 Fuel gas scrapper launcher/receivers
 Flare gas knock out drum
Condensate shall be separated from the fuel gas knock out drum and pass to the
horizontal condensate collection drum. Condensate from scrapper
launcher/receivers, flare knock out drum and other pump station areas shall also be
collected into horizontal condensate collection drum. The condensate shall be
pumped back to the crude oil pipeline via oily water separation unit, closed drain
collection drum and surge relief tank. The off-gases from condensate drum shall be
routed to the flare system. The condensate shall be transferred to the oily water
separation unit by means of transfer pumps.
The design will assure that the oily waste water systems fulfils all safety requirements
of the base codes and standards, applicable regulatory requirements, security
considerations and keep the impact to the environment to a minimum.

3.6 Suspended Solids Effluents
The suspended solids shall be collected from the oily water separation unit at each
pump station and shall be treated in sludge treatment plant. The dry waste materials
to be disposed-off through truck and water shall be recycled to the oily water
separation unit.
3.7 Wet Sludge Effluents
The wet sludge shall be collected from the oily water separation unit at each pump
station and shall be treated in a sludge treatment plant. The dry waste materials to be
dispose-off through truck and water shall be recycled to the oily water separation
unit.
3.8 Metals Effluents
The wet sludge including metals effluents shall be collected from the oily water
separation unit at each pump station and to be treated in sludge treatment plant.The
dry waste materials including metals shall be disposed-off through truck.
3.9 Chemical Injection Effluents
The potentially chemical injection effluents shall be collected from each pump station
paved areas surface facilities and shall be recycled in oily water separation unit prior
to transfer to evaporation pond.
3.10 Waste Oil Effluents
The hazardous liquid waste i.e. used oils (spent engine oils, lube oils/lubricants etc.,)
shall be collected in drums and sent outside periodically for safe disposal through an
approved contractor.
4.0 DRAINAGE SYSTEM
4.1 Oil storage tanks
Crude oil storage tanks will require cleaning at regular intervals during their life time.
New technology with new developed methods shall be considered for the tanks
sludge emptying and cleaning operation. The advanced operation with a complete
recovery for the crude oil/ diesel fuel that exists in the sludge content, and with
minimum reduction in the materials for disposing and wasting, and with the minimum
reduction for most of the environmental hazards, all of this with minimum reducing of
the total costs.
The sludge is a complex mixture of the following:-
 Paraffin's
 Water
 Fine sands and dusts
 Sulfur compounds

 Other inorganic and secondary materials
The following storage tanks will accumulate a collection of stones, grit, sludge and
other items:-
 ITP1 crude oil storage tanks drainage
 ITP1 diesel fuel tanks drainage
 ITAP1 and ITAP2 diesel fuel tanks drainage
 ITP1 ,ITAP1 and ITAP2 surge relief tank drainage
 ITAP1 crude oil storage tanks drainage
 ITAP1 diesel fuel tanks drainage
The sludge generated and accumulated from oil storage tanks contain radioactive
materials. It poses potential threat to human health and the environment.
The sludge shall be removed from crude oil tanks by considering the following items:-
 Extract and recovery about 99% of the crude oil/ diesel fuel that exists in all of the
sludge content.
 Convert and transfer about 99% of the sludge volume that is remained after the
recovery of the crude oil/ diesel fuel, to usable and valuable materials, or
environmentally safe and easy to dispose wastes, like mud, water and asphalt,
with the amount of 20% of the total sludge amount.
Sludge shall be removed and disposed-off safely outside the pump stations within the
facility as per the Iraqi national environmental laws and specifications. BOOT
contractor shall develop the safe sludge disposal procedure in accordance with Iraqi
environmental ministry.
4.2 Water treatment system drainage
Water treatment systems shall be designed for each pump station and drained in
accordance with Iraqi guidelines. The process waste water during maintenance and
normal operation shall be drained to the evaporation pond from the following areas:-
 Raw water pre - treatment / pre-filter package backwash drainage
 Raw / fire water storage tank drainage
 Potable water RO package drainage
 Potable water storage tank drainage
 Demin water package regeneration drainage
The black and grey water from the following pump stations locations shall be
transferred to the evaporation pond via waste water treatment plant:-

 Pump station area
 Accommodation area
4.2.1 Raw Water Pre-filter Package Backwash Drainage
Pre filter package removes fine particulates from water by passing the water through
a filter bed. As filtration proceeds, the filter bed gradually becomes fouled such that
the filter requires backwashing. Flow through the bed is reversed via individually
operated valves, and accumulated debris shall be drained and disposed to the
evaporation pond.
4.2.2 Raw / Fire Water Storage Tank Drainage
Water discoloration and foul odor is the indications that the raw / fire water tank is not
healthy and requires attention. Preventative maintenance and cleaning is required to
avoid an unpleasant situation.
During tank maintenance service the sediment/sludge level at the bottom of the tank
shall be removed. Normally the tank requires cleaning due to following reasons:-
 To avoid the built-up of sediment being drawn up and damaging the pump
 To prevent sediment tainting and discoloring potable water
 To remove bacteria and pollutants which build up over time in the sediment
The frequency of tank cleaning & de-sludging depends on the individual tank
location.The raw water tank below low low level shall be drained by mobile pump and
disposed-off to the evaporation pond.The tank sides shall be scrubbed and sludge/
sediments from the bottom of the tank shall be and vacuumed. The sediment/sludge
shall be disposed-off by road tanker.
4.2.3 Potable Water RO package drainage
Reverse Osmosis (RO) works by using a high pressure pump to increase the
pressure on the salt side of the RO and force the water across the semi-permeable
RO membrane, leaving 95% to 99%of dissolved salts behind in the reject stream.
The amount of pressure required depends on the salt concentration of the feed
water. The more concentrated the feed water, the more pressure is required to
overcome the osmotic pressure.
The desalinated water that is dematerialized or deionized, is called permeate (or

product) water. The water stream that carries the concentrated contaminants that did
not pass through the RO membrane is called the reject (or concentrate) stream.
As the feed water enters the RO membrane under pressure (enough pressure to
overcome osmotic pressure) the water molecules pass through the semi-permeable
membrane and the salts and other contaminants are not allowed to pass and are
discharged through the reject stream, also known as the concentrate or brine stream,
which goes to drain or can be fed back into the feed water supply in some
circumstances to be recycled through the RO system to save water. The water that

makes it through the RO membrane is called permeate or product water and usually
has around 95% to 99% of the dissolved salts removed from it.
Reverse osmosis shall remove up to 99% of the dissolved salts (ions), particles,
colloids, organics, bacteria and pyrogens from the feed water. The rejected water
shall dispose to the evaporation pond.
As this process proceeds, fouling on the retentive side of the membrane is increased
and if this were allowed to continue, irreversible fouling would eventually occur. To
prevent this, a series of cleaning measures are put in place varying from a simple
water backwash to a chemical based ‘clean in place’ (CIP) system. The CIP process
is designed to circulate acid and caustic based cleaning solutions at high cross flow
velocity across the membrane surface. The backwash water and the effluent
solutions shall also be neutralized and disposed-off to evaporation pond.
4.2.4 Potable Water Storage Tank drainage
Water discoloration and foul odor or tastes are all indications that the potable water
tank is not healthy and requires attention. Preventative maintenance and cleaning is
required to avoid an unpleasant situation.
During tank maintenance service the sediment/sludge level at the bottom of the tank
shall be removed. Normally the tank needs cleaning due to following reasons:-
 To avoid the built-up sediment being drawn up and damaging pump
 To prevent sediment tainting and discoloring potable water
 To remove bacteria and pollutants which build up over time in the sediment
The frequency of tank cleaning & de-sludging depends on the individual tank
location.The potable water tank below low low level shall be drained by mobile pump
and disposed-off to thepump station outside through road tanker.The tank sides shall
be scrubbed and sludge/ sediments from bottom of the tank shall be vacuumed. The
sediment/sludge shall be dispose of by road tanker.
4.2.5 DeminWater Package Regeneration Drainage
Mineral ions such as cations of sodium, calcium, iron, copper, etc and anions such as
chloride, sulphate, nitrate, etc are common ions present in demin water. Deionization
is a physical process which uses specially-manufactured ion exchange resins which
provides ion exchange site for the replacement of the mineral salts in water with
water forming H+ and OH- ions. The majority of water impurities are dissolved salts,
deionization produces a high purity water, and this process is quick and without scale
buildup.
The demin water package contains strong acid cation resin and strong base anion
resin including mixed bed polisher. The feed water shall pass through these units
during normal operation. The cation resin removes cations, mostly sodium, whilst the
anion resin removes anions including silica.
Regeneration of the cation and anion resins within the mixed bed units normally
occurs after a set volume of water has been treated, but detection of a high

conductivity at the unit outlet causes a stream to be taken off-line prematurely for
regeneration.
Prior to regeneration the resins have to be separated around a central distributor.

Both cation and anion resin regeneration then takes place at the same time with
sodium hydroxide solution being injected down through the anion resin bed and acid
solution being injected up through the cation resin. Once complete a displacement,
rinse continues in the same direction as injection.Acids or caustics base regeneration
solutions shall be collected by a gravity system and sent to neutralization basins.
A neutralizing pit located at each pump station shall be provided with acid resistant
protective linings. Neutralization basin effluents shall be discharged to evaporation
pond through pump.
4.3 Black Water (Sewage)Drainage
The black and grey water shall be collected from the following sources at each pump
station:-
 Pump station process area
 Pump station accommodation area
The sanitary sewer shall be generated from the following sources:-
 Rest rooms process areas
 Rest rooms accommodation areas
 Sinks
 Kitchens
All sanitary wastes from process area shall be collected and conveyed to an
individual prefabricated sewer collection pit at each pump station areas.
A sewer collection pit will be provided at the end of the accommodation area to
collect water from the accommodation at each pump station. A containerized MBBR
sewage treatment plant will be installed after the collection pit. The sewage waste
shall be pumped out to sewage treatment package via sewage transfer pumps to
meet Iraqi National Environmental laws and guidelines. The treated water from the
sewage treatment package shall be transferred directly to the evaporation pond and
can be used for irrigation in case of requirements.
Deleterious matter, which hinders the biological treatment, shall be removed safely
from the wastewater. The treated wastes along with sludge shall be disposed in
accordance with Iraqi National Environmental laws and Guidelines.
The treated water from sewage treatment system shall meet the following
specifications as listed in Table 4-1 before using for irrigation purposes.

Table ‎4-1Waste Water Effluents
Sr. No. Materials Concentration

1 BOD less than 30 ppm
2 COD less than 50 ppm
3 HC Content less than 5ppm
4 TSS less than 30 ppm

Appendix A
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Drainage and Effluent Philosophy

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Date: 11/0000/2017 NOC
Document Number:0000-0000-PR-0005 Page:20
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Abbreviations and Acronyms Descriptions
AOC Accidentally Oil Contaminated
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPI Corrugated Plate Interceptor
IGF Induced Gas Flotation
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPC Engineering, Procurement & Construction
FEED Front End Engineering Design
HC Content Hydrocarbon Content
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
KO Drum Knock Out Drum
MMBOPD Million Barrels of Oil Per Day
MMSCFD Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day
P&ID Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
PFD Process Flow Diagram
PPM Parts Per Million
PS Pump Station
RO Reverse Osmosis
SCOP State Company for Oil Projects
NOC North Oil Company
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TSS Total Suspended Solids
Drainage and Effluent Philosophy

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Date: 11/0000/2017 NOC
Document Number:0000-0000-PR-0005 Page:21

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NEW IRAQI-TURKEY CRUDE PIPELINE SYSTEM

DRAINAGE AND EFFLUENT PHILOSOPHY

DOCUMENT REVISION INDEX

0 01-12-2017 Z.A. Z.A. Z.A. J.M Issue for Tender

Rev. Date Originator Reviewed Eng. Approved Proj. Approved Status

DOCUMENT NUMBER PROJECT NUMBER NUMBER OF PAGES

1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3

2.0 EFFLUENTS IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION .......................................... 4

3.0 EFFLUENT COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL ............................................................. 9

4.0 DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 14

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

The purpose of this document is to establish the drainage philosophy for

 Pump Station ITP1

 Pump Station ITAP1

 Pump Station ITAP2

Table ‎1-1 Referenced Documents

Document Numbers Document Titles

0000-0000-PR-0001 Project Design Basis

0000-0000-PR-000 Loss Prevention Philosophy

0000-0000-PR-000 HSE Philosophy

0000-0000-PR-000 Environmental Design Criteria

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

 Iraqi national environmental laws / specifications

 Protection and improvement of the environment

 Iraqi regulation for the preservation of water sources

 Specification of sanitary landfill of wastes

 Environmental instructions for the industrial projects

2.0 EFFLUENTS IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION

Identification of effluent sources at each pump station is as follows:-

 Packages/ equipment drains during wash out

 Liquid sample points

 Liquids due to spillage

 Surface water drainages

 Substation transformer pens/ enclosure

 Fire fighting water

 Total dissolved solids

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

2.2 Gaseous Effluents

Table ‎2-1 Gaseous Effluents

Gaseous Effluents Sources Release to

2.2.1 Air Emissions

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

Visible Emissions All sources 250

Nitrogen Oxides Turbine units:-

Total Suspended Particles All sources 250

Carbon Monoxide CO All sources 500

2.3 Liquid Effluents

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

Liquid Effluents Sources Disposal to

Oily produced water Produced water at ITP1 / Evaporation pond via

Floor wash Oily water separation package Recycle to oily water

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

NEW IRAQI-TURKEY PIPELINE SYSTEM PROJECT

Drainage and Effluent Philosophy Rev.: 0

3.1 Oily Storm Water Effluents

The potentially oily wastewater / rainwater / accidentally oil contaminated (AOC)

 Crude oil booster pumps

 Crude oil export pumps