Professional Documents
Culture Documents
16
Charging System
EAM
Step %
Pub .No . TTM 216EN
FOREWORD
This Training M anual has been prepared for the use of techni cians emplo yed by Toyota's overseas
distrib ut ors and dealers. This manual. "C harging System ", is Volume 16 of the eig hteen Trainin g
M anuals w hi ch constit ute Step 2 of t he program of ski lls w hich all Toyot a New T EAM· tech nicians
sho uld master. It sho uld also be used by the instructor in co nj unction w ith the accompanying
Instruction Guide.
The titles of the New TEAM Step 2 Training M anuals are as foll ow s:
5
7
a
Diesel Engine
17
Starti ng System
Cl1arging System
Body Electrical
It is not eno ugh just to " know" or "u nderstand "- you need to master each task so tha t you can do
it. For this reason, theory and practice have been co mbined in this Training M anual. The top of each
page is marked eithe r wi th a
ind icate th at it is a Practice page.
C
symbo l to indicate t hat it is a Theory page or a symbol to n
No te that in regards to overhau l procedures, this Trainin g M anual contains only t he mai n poi nts to
be learned; pl ease refer to t he relevant Repair M anual (s) for detail s.
The following nota tions often occur in this m anual, with t he m eanings as ex plai ned:
A potent ial ly hazardous sit uation w hic h could result in inj ury to people
CAUTION m ay oc cur if i nstr ucti ons are not fo l lowed ,
Damaged to th e vehicle or com po nents m ay occ ur if i nst ruct io ns are
NOTICE no t foll ow ed.
NOTE Notes or co mments not in cl ud ed under the above two headin gs.
Inf orm at ion n ot required to pass th e TEA M cert if icatio n, but w hich may
REFER ENCE be useful to i nstr uct or s and to tra ine es w ho w is h to gain a deeper
knowl ed ge o f the subject.
' TEA M : TEAM stands 101"Tec hnical Education for Autumouv e M ast8ryH, w hich is a l.n,ning prO{Jrsm divrd ed inlo three steps ecco rdin q
to Ih8 technician's tecbnic allevet Th is prog,am makes it possib le tor tec hnic tens 10 receive the approp riate training for Iheir level in a
syslemalic manner so as 10 help them achieve Ihe ski llS and eff iciency of skilled technicians in the shortest possible tim!).
This Trainin g M anual explai ns various auto motive mechanisms based on the Toyota Corolla (AE
Series). However. representative models other than the Corolla have sometimes been selected to
explain mechanisms not found on t he Coro lla . In this w ay. explanations of as many mechanisms
as possible have been included.
For th ose mechanisms w hich have not been in clu ded in thi s manual, pl ease refer to t he Repair
M anual for the relevant model and appl y the k no w ledge acq uired through st udying t he Training
M anual to carry out the necessary work.
All information contained in thi s manual is t he most up -I o -d ate at the time of publicat ion. How ever.
w e reserve the right to make changes wi thout prior not ice.
ALTERN ATOR
Princi ple of the Alternator , ,. 7
Alte rnator w ith Neutral - point Diodes , 11
a-erode Exciting Alt ernato r 12
Voltage Regulation , 13
Construction of the Alt ernator 15
Compact Alternator 17
REGULATOR
Two - point Type Regulator 20
Voltage Relay (Charge Lamp Relay) 21
Characteri stic s of the Reg ulator 22
IC REGU LATOR
Descripti on 24
Operating Principle of IC Reg ulato r 24
Characteristics of IC Regulato r 25
C H ARG I NG SYSTEM
W ith Tw o -point Typ e Regulato r 27
W it h A -typ e IC Regul ator 31
W ith B-typ e IC Regulator , 32
W ith M -type IC Regu lator 34
TROUBLESHOOTING
Classification of Charging System Probl ems 41
Alternato r w it h Point Ty pe Regula to r 42
Al ternato r w it h M-type IC Regulat or 49
pjOVERHAUL 62
• Pre- inspection , 63
• Conventional Type , .. ,. , . . 66
• Hi-speed Compact Type , .. 71
CHARG ING SYSTEM - Descri ptio n
CHARGING SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
The fu ncti on of the autom ob ile battery is to sup - The charging system prod uces electricity to both
ply a suff icient amount of electrici ty to th e auto - re-charge t he battery and to supply t he electrical
mobil e's electr ical components suc h as the starter components wit h t he am ount of electricity
mot or, headlig hts and wipers. How ever, the bat - requ i red w hile th e autom obile's en gi ne is in
tery is limited in its capacity and is not capable of operatio n.
provid ing, on a continui ng basis, all the powe r
required by the automobi le. Whi le the co nve ntional alternator and the poi nt-
ty pe vo ltage regu lator were used in the past,
It is necessary, therefore, for the battery to always recent vehicle s m ain ly use a m ore compact
be fully charged in order for it to supply the nec es- alterna tor w ith a built-in IC regulator .
sary amount of electricity at the requi red time to
each of the electrical co mpo ne nts. Consequen tly,
the automobile requ ires a charging system to pro -
duce electr icity and keep t he battery charged.
Ignition
switch
......-ConventionaJalternator
,.-1I
I L..1
'O J /
'",
-",0--- Conventional
alternator
....
,-,
\ \
---- /'
......~ / /
»>
/ / ,
PRINCIPLE OF GENERATION OF ELECT RICITY - El ectromagnetic Induction
2
PRINCIPLE OF GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY - Direction of Electromoti ve Force
DIRECTION OF
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
The direct ion o f the electromotive force generated FLEM ING 'S RIGHT-HAND RULE
in a con duc tor w ithin a magn etic field will vary W ith the thu mb. fo refinger and middle finger o f
wi th cha ng es in the direct io n of the magnetic flu x one's rig ht hand are outstretched at right angles
and the directi on in wh ich the conductor moves. to each other. the forefinger w ill indi cate th e di -
If a co nduc tor is moved (in the di rect ion indicated recti on o f th e magnetic fl ux (mag netic lines of
by the large arrow in th e ill ustration below) be- force) , the th umb the direction o f conducto r
twee n the mag netic north and sou t h po les. th e movement, and the middle finger the direct ion of
electromotive force w ill flow from righ t to lett (the th e etectromotfve force.
directio n o f t he magnetic flu x is from the no rth to
the south pol e).
The di rection of the elect romo tiv e force can be
understood by use of H emi nq' s Rig ht - hand Rul e.
Directi on of Ilu x
t
~~
I
I
I
I
I
-
Direct ion of cu rrent
Dhec ucn o f motion
I
I
I
I
I
,
I
'L..-- "l/"-}
DHP 2 DH P 2
3
PRINCIPLE OF GE NE RA T IO N OF ELECTRICITY - Amou nt of Electromotive Force
AMOUNT O F
ELECTROMOT IVE FORCE
The amou nt of th e electromotive force generate d If t he cond uctor is moved along a circular path
when a conductor cuts (passes th ro ug h) the w it hin the mag netic field, the amo unt of the elec -
mag neti c fl ux w ithi n a magnetic field is propor- tromotive force w i ll cha ng e co nstantly . In thi s il-
tio nal to th e nu mber of magn etic li nes of for ce lustrat ion, the cond uctor is moved in a ci rcle at a
w hic h are cut w ithin a given u nit of ti me. For co nstant speed from poi nt A to po int L between
example. if N number of li nes are cut w ith in t the magn etic north and south poles. In thi s case,
seco nds and t he electromotive force is E volts, th e largest number o f magn etic lines of force are
thi s can be exp ressed i n the fo llowing form ula cut betwe en po ints D and E and between point s
(th e symbol o: means " is prop ortio nal to ") : J and K. but no lines are cut betw een points A and
B or po ints G and H.
E <X N
t 180"H
'"
N 90°-1 •
,
1270 S
-'-"-
B • A
N OHP 3
s
N
A o
OH P 3
4
P RI N CI P LE OF GE NE RAT IO N O F ELECTR IC ITY - Princip le 01 t he Generator
OH P 4
N
How ever, if two conductors are jo ined end -to -
end. electro motive force w ill be created in bot h
and, c onsequently, be dou bled. Thu s. the mo re
conduct ors revolving w it hi n a mag net ic fi eld, the
more electromotive force wil l be g enerated .
OHP 4
NOTE - - - - - - - - - - ,
5
PRINC IPL E OF GEN ERAT IO N OF ELECT RICIT Y - A lternati ng -current Generator
Brush
B B
L 111
J 12l
L J '31 OHP 5
REFERE NC E - - - - - - - - """>,
I
e
In an ac tual generato r. several magnet s and
co ils are used to prevent the amou nt of the
current from cha nging.
6
ALTERNATOR - Principle of the Al ternator
ALTERNATOR
PRINCIPLE OF TH E A LTERNATOR
Ie regulator
Rotor co il
The prev io us sect io n de scr ibed how rotati ng Theref ore, all alt ern ators used on auto m ob ile s
t he co il in a m ag net ic field ge nerates elect ric ity t oday ut ilize a gen eratin g co il (stato r co il) w it h
in th e co il. N ote ho w ever, that elect ricity can an intern ally rotat ing m ag net (rot or coi l* ).
al so be generated in t he coil if t he coil m erely T hus, t he alternat ing current generated in the
interr upts t he li nes of magn et ic fo rce. To do so, stator coil is changed int o d irect cu rrent by t he
w it h th e co il rem ainin g stati onary, th e ma g net rect if ier.
ca n be rotated to generat e electric ity in th e co il.
* The roto r co il m ay also be called a " field
A lso, by doi ng so, th e co nst ruct io n of t he qen-
coil " , ind icati ng th e ty pe of coil that is used
erating dev ice can be ma de m or e sim ple.
fo r creat ing m ag net ic po les in an electr ical
m otor or generator .
Stator CO i l -J.f,;::::::2;~~"'ll
Rotor coil §
- - O HP 7
7
ALT ERNATOR - Principle o f the A lterna tor
2. COIL PRODUCES
ELECTROMAGN ET
No rmally, the electrical components of an euto - To sol ve this di fficu lty, an electromag net can be
mobil e utiliz e either 12 or 24 volts of elect rici ty, used instead of a permanent magnet to maintain
and the alterna tor for th e charging system must a fixed volt age. The electromagnet changes the
supply thi s voltage. amou nt of magnetic flu x (number of magnetic
lines o f force) i n accordance with the rpm of the
Electr icity is generated when a mag net is rotated alternator .
wi thi n a coi l and the amo unt of th is electrici ty
varies wi th the speed of mag net ro tatio n. Thus, The electromag net has an iro n core w ith coils
thr ou gh the process of electromagnetic indue- w rapped around it. W hen current flow s th rough
tton. the faster th e coil cuts the magn etic lines o f the coi ls, the core is magnetized . The extent of th e
force from the magne t, the mo re electromotive generate d magnet ism varies wi th th e amount of
force the coil w il l generate. We can see, then, that current flow ing through the coi l. Thus, when the
vol tage changes depending on the speed wit h alternator is rota ting at a low speed, current is
whic h t he mag net rot ates. increased and, conversely, current is decreased
w hen the alternator is tu rni ng at hig h rpm. The
Accordi ngly, to obta in a constant voltage, it is curre nt flow ing throu gh the electromagnet is sup -
necessary to rot ate the magnet at a constant plied by the batte ry and the amount is controlled
speed. However, bec ause th e engine operates at by the voltage regul ato r. For th is reason, the alt er-
various speeds. dependi ng on the driving co ndi - nator suppli es a co nstant vo lt age regardless o f the
tions, the speed 0 1 t he alternator cannot be kept eng ine speed.
con stant.
5
Brush
Stator coil
Battery
8
ALT ERNATOR - Princi ple of the A lternato r
W hen a magnet rotates wit hin a co il. a vo ltage To generate electric ity more eff icie ntly, the auto-
w ill be created betw een each end of the coi l. This mo bi le alternato r uses three coils arranged as
w ill give rise to an alternating current. show n in t he illu stration .
Each co il, A, B, and C, is spaced 120· apart.
W hen th e magnet is rotated amo ng th em, alter-
nating current is generated in each coil. The Ht us-
tratio n shows the relationship betw een th e three
alternating currents and the magn et. Elect ricity
having three alternating currents like t his is re-
ferred to as "three -phase alternati ng current"; all
modern auto mo bile alt ernators generate t hree-
phase alternati ng current.
OHP 8
OHP B
I
I8l
OHP 8
9
ALTERNATOR - Prin ci ple of th e A lternato r
4 . RECTIF ICATION
The elect rical co mponents of an automo bile re- Thus. we can see that although the current from
qui re di rect current for operat ion and the battery each coil to t he diodes is co nstantly changing
needs direct current fo r charging . dire ction in the three lead w ires. t he di rection of
The alternato r prod uces th ree-phase alte rnating t he cu rrent fr om the diodes does not change and
current but the charging system of t he aut omobile it form s a circuit with unvaryin g polarity.
cann ot use this electric ity unless it is co nver ted to
di rect current.
- ..., T
I -TI I
..L
t,
e - OHP 9
T
I
..L
v OHP 10
®
NOTlCE - - - - - - - - - - "
t 1 . Some hi gh -perform an c e alte rna t o rs
em p loy more th an six d iod es
2. If th e b att ery co nne c t ions are r e-
v ersed , th e diod es will b e dam ag ed
I du e to a la rg e curren t fl ow.
e
OHP 9
10
ALTE RNATOR - A lt ernator wi th Neutral -poin t Diodes
ALTERNATOR WI TH
NEUT RAL-POINT DIODES
1 . NE UTRAL- POI NT VOLTAGE With neutral oint diodes
(AI
A conventio nal alternator uses six diodes to rec -
tify th ree- ph ase AC into DC. The output vo ltage
w hich is generat ed at the neutral po int is ut ilized
as an electrical sou rce for the cha rge lamp relay.
It is kn ow n that the mean vol tage of th e neutral
point is 1 /2 of th e output DC voltage. W hil e the
ou tpu t current is flow ing through the alte rnato r.
the voltage at the neutral point is mostly DC. bu t
o 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
it also inc ludes an AC portion. - Alternator rotating speed (rpm)
The AC por tion is induced in each ph ase by th e
PERFORMANCE CH ARA CT ERI STI CS
flow of outp ut current. W hen the rot atio nal speed
(EXAMP LE) OHP 11
of the alternator exceeds 2.000 to 3.000 rpm. the
peak value of this AC po rtio n exceeds the DC 2. CIRCUITR Y AND CONSTRUCTION
outpu t vo ltage. In order to add the po tential variati on at thi s neu -
tral po int to the DC vo ltage outpu t by the altema-
tor w ith neutral -poi nt di odes. tw o recti ficati on
diodes are provided betw een ou tput termin al (B)
and earth ( E) and connected to the neutral point.
Portion of neutral point votteqe exceeding
These diodes are installed on th e rectifier ho lder.
(v)1 output vcltepe at high speeds
I /
~141 _
- - Output voltage
.-
At low Neutral point
speeds voltage
...... , _ Neutral point
r---o B
~ 7' . mean voltage Neutral
t ol- -
-
- --\'l",r: - - -.....,,j--
360·
Rotational angle
- - Ground
potential
diodes
<
~~i~~al I----:~_
point
'-----'11'-'1''-4
VO LTAGE WAVE APP EAR ING AT NEUTRAL
POI NT U ND ER LOAD ' -- - - - -"-+-.l-fl'-O E
OHP 11
Thi s means that, compared w ith the outp ut char- L -- - - - - --QF
acteristics of the alte rnato r wi thout a neutral-
po int diode. the outp ut gradually incr eases from CI RCU ITRY OF AL T ERN A TO R W IT H
mi dway by 10 to 15% at a normal rated revolu tion NE UT RAL PO IN T D (O DES (EXAM PLE)
11
A LT ERN A T O R - 3 -diode Exc iting A lt ernator
,1 , , • -'
" are all insta lled on the rectifier hol der.
,
t ,
D, 'I '
" ,
IG
,e, ~~itial
'1("J." , I
,,
, l;Ixc itinQ
resistor
,,
L
0 14 V
Field coil ,
.. • - ....., r;"-
rc ~
'
D , ~gula tor
I it: , I .. - -
- - •
- s
'0
Ci RC UIT DIA GRAM O F 3 - DIODE EXC IT ING
r " ,I:
0
8 1V .•... " • ALTE RN ATO R OHP 13
-L
.. ....... ...
' '
D, !
.. .. , .... .......... ..
- .. .. '
OV
OHP12 ~"tf~~fl:.- Excit ing
NEUTRAL PO INT V OLTA G E BELO W 0 V d iodes
Ini ti alng
exciti ~~~~~~
resistor
VOLTAGE REGULATION
The vo ltage o f the current produced by the alter- As th e electromagnet co nsists of an iron core with
nator varies with th e speed w hich the alternator is coils w rapp ed arou nd it the iron core is magn e-
turnin g and the extent of the load (output cur- tized and ge nerates magnetic lines of force (mag -
rent) on the alt ernator. netic flux ) w hen it is supplied with current.
The amount of the magn etic lines o f force is in
How ever. becau se th e eng ine rpm is co ntinuously proportion to the amo unt of current suppl ied to
changing, the rpm of the alternator does no t re- the co il around the iro n core. In ot her words, the
main co nstant. Further, the loads (lam ps. w ipe rs, gen erator ensures t hat the alterna tor (stator coil)
heater, etc.) on th e alternato r are always cha nging is prod uci ng a constant volt age by supplying a
along wit h th e chargi ng cond ition of the battery. larger amo unt of current to th e ro tor coil ( field
Therefore, in order for the alte rnator to supply co il) w hen the alternator is tu rning at a low rpm
electrici ty at a constant "standard" voltage, is it or w hen it is un der a heavy load. and by reduci ng
necessary to co ntrol the amou nt o f voltage w ith a th e amount o f current w hen the alt ernat or is t urn -
regu lato r and, consequently, the chargi ng system ing faster or w hen it is und er a li ght load.
of the automobi le uses a voltage regula tor (gen-
erator regul ator) along w ith the alternator.
~ '-< r----------------l
, I ;
~ , I
I R. ~
t y
Stator coils
I
~.J ~
.,.
- '-
I
I P, ~ I
I
-L
N
... II ~o vj ngl Po in t
-
P,
.-< --:::>
,\~ !P I -
ce -- I
I
I
-
-
- -
Regulator coil
s I
Rotor coil
'----- f-- - - - - - - - - -'
OHPt4
NOTE: Some alternato rs h av e b ui l t in r eg - The regulator controls the supply o f current to the
ul at ors. such as the Ie se m ic o n- rot or coil bv pulli ng and releasing the moving
ductor t y p e. poi nt in accordance with the vo ltag e applied to
the regulator coil.
The regulator suppl ies current to the electromaq- When the alterna to r is tu rni ng at a low rpm and a
net (rot or coil ) w hich pro duces the necessary heavy load is applied, th e vol tage at th e stater
magn et ic fl ux for the th ree coi ls (stato r co i l) of the coil wi l l beco me low er th an the regu lat ing
alte rnator to generate three-p hase alternat ing vo lt age (approximately 14 Vl at the regulator.
current. Accordingly, the movi ng point w ill m ake co ntact
w it h P" thu s allow ing the battery current to flo w
to the rotor coil thro ugh P,.
13
ALTERNATOR - Voltage Regulation
On t he other hand. when the alternator is turni ng Whe n the alternato r tur ns at an even faster speed,
at a high rpm and the voltag e of the stator coi l the vo ltage generated by th e stator coil w ill rise,
rises abov e th at of th e reg ulating vo ltage apply ing more pulling fo rce to the regul ator coil
(ap pro xim ately 14 Vj at the regulat o r, thi s so that it makes contact w ith P2 • Therefo re, th e
voltage is applied to the regulator coil so it is cu rrent through resistor R will then flow to P2 and
affected by a g reate r pul l ing fo rce whic h not to the rot or coil.
separate s it from Pl.
-~
rr= -,.-
R R
.-J P, P,
P,r-l ~
j::::
r-- Regu lat or coil l P,
I-
j:: Regulator coil
'- '--
. .
W hen the movin g poi nt moves away fro m PI. th e Wh en there is no longer any current to the rotor
current flowi ng to the rotor coi l passes throug h coil, the stator can no t generate electromotive
resisto r R and therefore is reduced in intensit y. force, so th e voltage of the altern ator drops and
Less cu rrent to the roto r co il wi ll cause the stator the moving poi nt moves away from P2 . Thus, once
coil to generate less voltage and, co nsequently, again the alt ernato r voltage w ill rise and the mov-
th ere w ill be reduc ed pullin g force on th e co il, so ing poin t w ill be pulled.
th e mo vi ng point w ilt return and make contact
w ith Pl ' This, in turn, causes a rise i n th e current In other words, when the alte rnato r is turn ing at a
to the ro to r coil and the movin g point again low speed. the movi ng point wil l increase or de-
moves away from PI- crease current to the rotor coil by making contact
w it h or movi ng away from PI' W hen the alternato r
is t urning at a high rpm, cu rrent w ill be supplied
intermittent ly to the rotor co il depend ing on
w hether the mov ing point is making contact w ith
or has moved aw ay fro m P2 .
14
ALT ERNATOR - Construct ion of the Al ternat or
CONSTRUCTION O F T HE ALTERNATOR
The funct ion of t he alte rnator is to co nvert me-
chanical energy from the eng ine i nt o electric ity.
M ech anical energy from the engine is relayed by
a pu lley, w hich revolves a ro tor and generates
alternati ng current in the stator. This alternating
current is recti fie d to direct current by the di od es.
Brush holde r
Bearing
Rear frame
Front frame Rect ifier (diod e) holder
Fan
• Bearing
Brush
Stator
Spacer
Rotor
OHP 15
Spacer
Pull ey
15
ALTERNATOR - Con struction of the A lternator
1. ROTOR
Stato r core
The ro tor is composed of two cores (magn et ic
pol es) , a field coil (also called a roto r co il ), sli p
ring s, and a rotor shaft.
Diod e holder
Field coil (Rotor coil)
Pole core
Slip ring
Bearing
2. STATOR
The stato r is co mposed of the stato r co re and Diod e
stato r coils, and is secured to the fron t and rear Semiconductor
end s of th e frame. The stator core consists of t hin
layers of steel plating (strat ified iron cor e) . The
inner side has slo ts in w hich t here are three inde-
pendent stato r coils.
16
ALT ERNATOR - Compa ct Al ternator
Stator
Connector
Rear end frame
--...,,--<>-
Drive end frame
:!oo>-- Brush
~"- S l i p ring
!>..-_- Rectifier
Bearing
V-ribbed pulley
OHP 16
17
ALTERNATOR - Compact Altern ator
2. CONSTRUCTION
PUlley ~
® \2IJ
..\1
Rectifi er holder rc regulator
Brush holder
(with cover)
~ ~~
Rear end frame - , @:-
. \
9
Brush
18
REGU LATOR - One-p oin t Type Reg ulato r
f" s
Screw hole
NOTICE - -- - - - - - - - ,
The IC reg ulat or is installed o n th e att eme-
t or w ith severa l screw s, which are used not
c:> Cool air only t o secure th e IC regulator, but a lso to
4) Rectifi er conne ct the alte rnat or t o t he termin als E, P,
Th e rectif ier is de sig ned w it h a pro trusio n F and B of th e Ie regul ator.
o n it s surface to help im prove rad iati on of Therefore, if the screws are not securely
the heat ge nerated d ue to t he o utput cu r- tig hten ed, ther e will be imp roper terminal
rent . contact. ca using a drop in power qenera -
Al so. due to its m o no-body st ructure and t ion and charging .
th e term inal -in sulated con nect io ns be-
tw een t he d iod e ele ments. the rectifier is 61 V-Rib bed Pulley
very compact. T he pu ll ey rat io has been increased abo ut
25% by use o f a v -ribbed pu lley wh ich p ro-
Te rminal B vides bett er hig h-speed effic iency.
Diode
19
REGULATOR - Tw o -p oint Type Regulator
REGULATOR
The reg ul ato r increases and decreases t he A s t he voltag e incr eases, t he m ag net ic fo rce
am ou nt of fi eld current to t he rot or in o rde r to w il l becom e stronge r, causin g th e m ov ing
co nt ro l th e amo unt of vo ltage produc ed by t he point and th e low -speed point (P , ) to o pen .
alte rn at or. W hen th e po ints are o pen, current w ill pass
It is co m posed of poin ts, a m agn eti c co il and a throu g h t he resistor (Rl, and curr ent t o t he fie ld
resistor. co il is t her eby redu ced.
j!
~
(Ml is w eak, and th e moving poi nt an d th e low - .Pl ' .!, I .!, .!,
speed po int (P'l l are in co ntact. Th e cu rre nt
fro m t he field co il fl ow s throu gh th ese points.
g l'p
I"
I
, ~ ---e-
',1' 'j'
'if 1J
2 '..... Field current
Mov i ng .... "1. ..... . /
J
point
- - - •• r pm
.... - .... __
--
Altern ator
H :r-:r--,,---- - -e P1
<, OHP 18
Movi ng poin t
P,
F
I M
If
OHP 18
20
REG ULATOR - Vo ltage Relay (Charge Lamp Relay)
,,
I
FUSibl. m
link l1J
l oad
. ..., B .
L:='.~,WI 0-1-< E} -- --r-- ---.,
I
...... atterv Ir
,
-A"'-'.-m-.-'o-,- Regulator
Voltage regulator Voltage relay I 1
=
OHP 19
21
REGULATOR - Characteristi cs of the Reg ulator
CHARACTERISTICS OF T HE REGULATOR
The fu nction of the regulator is to maintain the W hen the movi ng point is operating at either the
vo ltag e generated by t he alternator at a co nstant low -speed or hig h-speed posit ion, a change oc -
level. Actually, how ever, due to the characteristics curs in the armature gap and angle gap and thi s
of the generator, volt age does not remain co n - ch ange results in an i ncrease or decrease in mag -
stant but flu ctuates. For t he point type (Tirril) reg - net ic resistance, Also, w hen the moving poi nt
ulator, there are various reasons wh y volt age flu c - changes from the high -speed side to t he low-
tuates but th e primary causes are du e to its speed side, residual magnet ism from hig h -speed
hysteresis and temperatu re characte ristics. and it operation remains in t he co il co re and cont inues
is imp ortant to be awa re of these before atte mpt - to pullan the moving point for a short tim e, These
ing to adjust th e regulator. tw o phenomena cause the alternator out put
vol tage to decli ne.
1. THE HYSTERESIS Armature gap
CHARACTER ISTIC
,
W hen th e movin g po in ts chan ge from t he hig h -
I
speed point (side) to the lo w -speed point, a lo w -
ering of voltage occurs. This is called the hys-
,
I
I
,,
Angle gap
teresis effect. I
Magnetic I
flu x I
,
I
t
Low-speed High-speed OHP 20
1
Low -speed High -speed
I, point
- 1'
. .; . c . . . . . . . :
po int
NDTE:- - -
side
-
side
- - - -
No at t emp t shou ld be m ad e to adj ust th e
- - - --.
,
v / ~-t-e,-e-s;-s--- regu lator when vo lta ge is droppin g du e
to thi s hysteresi s eff ec t . Gen erally. a 12 -
vo lt sy st em wi ll d rop from 0.5 t o 1.0
v o lts.
1
o _ rpm
DHP 20
22
REGU LATOR - Characte risti cs of th e Regu lator
The magn eti c co il of the vol tage reg u lato r ern - Th e bi -m etal element is used together with a
ploys co pper w iring , and if the temperature o f this spri ng wh ich supports the moving point. Th e bi -
w ire rises, resistance wi ll be increased and t here metal element red uces the spri ng tension as the
wi ll be a red ucti o n in th e pu lli ng force (ele ctro - temperatu re rises. After the reg ul at or begi ns oper -
magnetic force) of t he magn et ic coi l. result ing in ation ing, t he v oltage w ill fl uctua te u n til the tem -
a higher alterna t or output vo ltage . perature stabilizes. Once the reg u lator beg in s op -
erating. th e c urrent causes th e temp erature of the
To prevent such a rise in vona qe. th e regu lator magn etic co il to rise immed iately. How ever, the
utilizes eit her a resist or or a bi -metal element fo r rise in the temperature of th e bi- me ta l element is
tem perature co m pensatio n, but some reg u lators slig htl y retard ed so spring tensio n is stro ng and
use both , vo ltage inc reases.
~
~ 0
, , ~ ~
I I -
--
Sprin 9
bI
V
Co mpensati ng
L,...resistor
6 F OHP 20
I L Approx . 15 min s.
A ppro/(. 30 sec,
NOTE - - - - - - - - - - "">,
No rm a lly. it takes 5 to' 5 mi nut es f o r t he
vo lt ag e t o st a b ilize. No a tte m pt s ho uld
be m ad e to adju st t he re gu la t or d u r ing
t h is t im e ,
23
Ie REGULATOR - Descripti on , Operat ing Princi ple of lC Regu lator
rc REGULATOR
DESCRIPTION
Both the point type regulator and the IC' regula-
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF
IC REGULATOR
tor have t he same basic purp ose: they limit the
voltage that is ou tp ut by the alternato r by co n - In t he ci rcuit di agram for the IC regu lator in the
troll ing th e field current w hich flow s t hroug h th e illustration. w hen the ou tp ut voltage at termin al B
rotor coi l. is low, the batt ery vol tage is appl ied to t he base of
The main difference is that in th e fC regulator, t he 'r r, through resisto r A. and Trl turn s on; at the
field current is interrupted by an IC instead of by same time. field current to th e rotor coil flow s
a relay as in the poi nt ty pe regu lator. from B -10 rot or co il _ F _ Tr, -10 E.
~-- ~.--r-;-~
• Goo d resistance to vibratio n and hi gh durabil -
ity due to lack of moving parts.
,
! rf~6~lt or'
• Since it s output vol tage becomes low er as its
temp eratur e rises. proper charging of th e bat-
Ro tor coil
tery can be performed.
,,
DISADVA N TAGE
• Suscept ib le to unusually high vo ltages and L:::-__-<(0-+-----+--'---+-+
temperatu res.
PRINC IPL E OF IC REGUL ATOR (2 )
24
Ie REGULATOR - Characteristics of IC Regulator
--7~~==~:-
than a certai n level is applied in the reverse
direct ion, t he Zener dio de will become co nd uc - • -=
tive and w ill allow a current to flow .
.IJ'"
~ Apcrox. 0.1 V to 0.2 V
The vo ltag e at w hic h the Zener diode changes
~
from non -conducti ve to co nductive in th e re- 5
o
verse direction is called th e "Zener breakdown
voltage". I
- Alternator speed
A
-h" B
OHP 23
-
OHP 22
A h-" B B A
VI.
( - - - - ~l
t
. ~- - - - - . ,
:
1I I -y 1:\'V'-:-
I '; \
II
I
II -_~ ~-
I , -,
I I " \" I
I I I
1~ J
,-- -- ---,
OHP 22
25
Ie REG U LATQ R - Ch aracteri st ics of IC Regulator
Out put vo ltage becomes low er as the load current Since the Zener di ode used for regu latin g the c ut-
increases. There are no hysteresis characte ristics put voltage tends to become more c onductive as
as wi t h th e point type regulator: volt age variation, th e ambient temperatu re rises. the output vo lt age
even at the rated load, or maxim um output cu rrent generally becom es low er as the temperature rises.
o f the alt ernator, is betw een 0.5 V and 1 V. Since th e outp ut vo ltag e drops at high tempera-
tu res (e.g .• during summer) and rises at low tem -
NOTICE' - - - - - - - - - ------.., peratures (e.g., duri ng w inter), proper ch arging
If a l oad ex ceed i ng th e al te rn ator's ca -
suited to the battery's chara cteristics is perfo rmed
p acity i s ap p lie d , the output vo lta g e wi ll
at alt ti mes.
su dden ly drop, as in th e case o f t h e p o int
ty p e reg u lato r . For t his reason , ne ver ap-
Standard rang e of
p ly an excess ive lo ad when c heck i ng th e outp ut voltag e
o u t pu t vo lt ag e .
14.7V
14.3V I,
j r-~'7:===:.:
App rox .
J:;; -- I
I
~ O, 5 V to l V I
"
I>
a"
I
I
- 40 - 20 0 20 40 60 80 (Oe )
- Temperature at Ie reg ulator
OHP 23
Load curren t
OHP 23 NOTE -------- -~
In ord er t o charge th e b attery in a sta ble
m ann er, w it h out b eing affected by th e t em -
pe ra t ure of th e b attery. it is n ecessary to
vary th e voltag e in accord ance w it h th e
t emp eratu re.
Wh en th e b att ery's t emp eratu re rises, th e
elect ro lyte in it react s m ore act ive ly, an d re-
du ces t he ba tte ry's intern al resistance. For
th is reaso n, if th e sam e v oltage as t ha t used
at lo w er t em p eratures is app lie d at a hi gh
t em per ature, excess am pe rage w ill flow t o
the b attery, p ossibly overch ar gin g t he b at -
t ery.
Conver sely, w he n th e b attery's t emper a-
tu re fall s, it s i nternal resi stan ce in cr eases.
thu s slo w in g th e flo w of th e ele ct rica l cur-
rent.
26
CHARGING SYSTEM - Wit h Tw o -point Type Regulator
CHARGING SYSTEM
WITH TWO -POIN T TYP E REGU LATOR
Fusible link
Regulator
Betterv
Chargewarning lamp
(Discharge warning light>
Alternator
Ignition switch
OH P 24
This is a circui t diagram for a charging system recharging the batt ery. The charge warning lamp
employi ng a tw o-point regu lator. co mes on w hen the alternator is not sup plyi ng t he
norm al amo unt of cu rrent that is, wh en the
The po w er required for the alternator rotor to pro-
vol tage of termin al N of the alternator is less than
duce magn etic flux is suppl ied from termin al F.
the speci fied amount.
This power (c urrent) is con troll ed (increased or
decreased ) by the regulator in accordance w ith If the IG term inal fuse A blows ou t, current w ill
termi nal B voltage. The current produced by th e not be supplied to the rotor and, co nseq uentl y,
stator o f the alt ernator is supplied from terminal B, th e altern ator will n ot generate current. Th e
and is used to resuppl y the lo ads created by the alternato r will fun ction , how ever, even if the
headlight s, wipers, radio , etc., in addit ion to charge lamp fuse B shou ld blowo ut.
Fuse A
Fu se" Fuse B
10 l
==~N)--------~
'.
I Ro:~r coil
Alternator Regulator
OHP 24
• Some m odels only
27
CHARG ING SYSTEM - With Tw o-point Type Regulator
Fuse
~,
Fuse
.. ~
[j" N N ,
"'a: ~,
R
,0 I
I
s" I
I
8 8
"or
0 I
~~~' b le[]
P,
P,
, F F ,, T '
L=,.mCO
il I Battery I
~
I I
E E ..... I
11
..
A lternato r Regulator
-
OHP 25
CD I Balt ery ( +) Terminal H Fusible Link ~l lg n itj on Swi tc h ~l Fuse H Reg ulator Terminal IG I--
Poi nts PL1 Poi nts PLo Regulator Term inal F Alternat or Terminal F Brushe
®j Batt ery (+) Terminal ~ Fusible Link Igni tio n Swi tch Charg e Warnin g Lamp
28
C HAR GI NG SYS TE M - W ith Tw o -poi nt Type Regulato r
Fuse
Fuse
~F)----{
Fusible
link
.
~~<con )--J'-{E }-- - - ,- - -{ E }-_+-'--'-_-'-_"-'~
'"""";
A" lt-
.,-:nC"
,,"o-:
r Regulato r
Voltage regul ator Voltage relay
A fter the engine is started and t he rot or is tu rning. current eith er passes throug h or does not pass
voltage is generated in the stator coils. and neutral t hrough t he resistor ( R) .
voltage is applied to the vol tage relay so the NOTE ----------~
charg e wa rnin g lamp goe s out. At t he same time. W h en mo vin g poi nt Po o f th e vo ltage re-
output vo ltage is acting on the voltage regulator . lay m ak es co n t act wi th p oin t P2 • eq ua l
Field current to the ro tor is cont rolled (incr eased v o lt ag e is app l ie d t o t h e c i rcu it b efore
or decreased ) in accordance w ith the out put and aft er t he ch arge w a rn i ng l am p so
vo ltage act ing on t he vo ltage regulato r. Thus. de - cu rre nt w ill n o t fl o w to th e lam p an d it
pendi ng on th e cond itio n o f point Pt-e. the field w i ll n o t li gh t up .
29
CHARGING SYSTEM - W ith Two -poi nt Type Regu lato r
Fuse
Fuse
~,
~,
I
,,
I
C:~' CO;l
I
-r Battery :
-=A7.,,"'"e,:n:::a::,oC", Regulator
11 OHP 27
CDI Alternalor Terminal N H Regulator Terminal N H Magnetic Coil of Voltage Relay 1-------
I Regulator Terminal E ~l Ground I (Neutral Voltage)
CV I Alternator Terminal B H Regulator Terminal B H Point P H Point Po H Magnetic Coil of Voltage
2
"""'::-::-::-"""::-~Lj
~~'-p"oi~n~'~p::L,=H~ Point PL2 H Ground I (No Field Current)
I Alternator Terminal E H Ground I (Field Current)
(1)[ Alternator Terminal B H Banery and/or Load ~I Ground 1(Output Current)
30
CHARGI NG SYSTEM - With A·ty pe IC Regu lato r
S L F
I
( ..
\
/ ~ ,' \ ( "oJ \ IG IG S/W
engine stopped
, , , , , ......
~-' " ~- '" Engine operating;
, .
;--,
L
the output voltage
increases. causing
the field cu rrent
(~Cl '-T
S
flow to be cut off.
,
,, L:'- ....+_' tG
., ' J...
,,
Rotor coil
R, R
F r-,
Tr, <~ZD ...!:. / E
;..
~
,
E i
--
IC regulator
/ Cha rge light
relay
31
CHARGI N G S YS TE M - Wit h Bvtvpe IC Regu lator
WI TH B -TV PE rc R EG ULATO R
Th is is a field-diodes exc iting alte rnator w ith neu- The B-type Ie regulator is based on the A-ty pe Ie
tra l point d iodes . The Bctvpe f C reg u lator, w hich regu lator in term s of its circuitry, but is different
is an improved versio n of the A -ty pe, is used. in t he follow ing points:
Fo r t he charge lam p relay, t he o pen/close poi nt • While the A-typ e Ie re gul ator dete cted the
type is described, since it is generally used. vo ltage at term inal B of the alternator to
regulate vo ltage. the B-type detects the voltage
at the battery terminal by way of terminal S.
t hu s pro v idin g mo re accurate vo ltage
F
requlatlon.
• An open circuit in the rotor coi l is detected via
circuit A and th e resistor (Ad), tu rn ing on the
discharge w arning light.
Field diodes
Ne' tra( point diode (Exciting diodes)
Init ial excit ing resistor
Reverse-current prevention diode
- --
Resistor for rotor co il
,--, -t;;;i
r J, B open circuit detecti on
, IG I IG §!.W
I
I
I n k- , _ ~\
I ,
I
,
' ... ,,
'/
-;... '
,
51
-o-
R, 0,
"" I j-r"'1
I , LI
I
I
!~ ~ , 5
( D.. . ,
I I
I , I
, ,
I
L
-- ---
I
I
,
I
I
I
I
'- - ,
I
IG CL
--T
,
' -' -'-
I
e.- ,
,'R3 1" , · ..
,
Ii
Rotor coil
I
I
R,
. _ ' t~;
\.3'~
:'~~ .')1
, ~ -
,
F
Cp
Tr,
ZD -
'§«
__ I
eA E
--
Ei
--
I
~
Tr,
_, .
U
-
]J
_ ~'T..rJ
Charge lam p
)
-
-=- -
~ e,.
Di ode for exciting
Ie regulator voltage detection relay
Resistor for exciting voltage detectio n
32
CHARGING SYSTE M - W ith Bvtvpe f C Reg ulator
33
CHARGING SYSTEM - Wit h M -Iype IC Regulalor
W ITH M -TVP E ic If any of the follo w ing tro ubles occurs, the M -
REGULATOR type Ie reg ulato r ca uses th e ch arge wa rn ing lam p
to go on:
The alt ernato r is a compact alt ernato r w ith neutral • Open i n rotor coi l circuitry.
point diodes. Th e difference between it and the • Open in regu lato r sensor (t er m inal Sl ci rcuitry.
alte rnato r w ith a B-type Ie regulator is that the • Voltage at termin als drop be low 13 V.
three fiel d diodes and init ial exci ting resistor are
elim inated . and t he Ie reg ulator is made to co ntrol
1. TE MP ERATURE CHA RACT ERISTICS
the exc it ing cu rrent.
Of th e vario us ty pes of Ic regulators that are The temp erature characteristics of this reg ulator
use d, th is sect ion w ill describe t he basic, are diff erent from those of the A - and Bvtvp es.
m ult ip le-funct io n M -type regu lator. M ost being in step form. This improves th e chargi ng
prese nt-da y Toy ot as use the M -ty pe regu lato r. perf ormance.
~~ , 8 IG _. ,
,
0 5 '5
,
,,
~ ~=-,
-~ ,, D,
rr" ,
,,
0
L(
,,
~
F
,0 L L I
....L.
-. ~
MIC
,,
,,
I Roto r coil
P
,, r-,
I
~ ,,
_.~
L _.
~ b-
E
- --
--
rc regulator
--
-
34 OH P 28
CHARGIN G SYSTEM - W it h M -Iype IC Regulal or
Stator coil
IG
B IG ,
s 'S
F
MIC
,
, PM I
L EL- __._
--- + E- ---- - -- ---- -'
"~
Ie regulator
-~
OHP 29
35
CHARGIN G SYSTEM - With M ·type IC Regulator
-- QH P 30
M IC DETECTS:
ROTOR COi l I CHARG ING CURRENT I
I TERM . P VOLT.
I- TERM. P VOLT.
EXCITATIO N CURREN T
36
CHARGIN G SYSTEM - With M -type IC Regulator
4 . G EN ERATIO N OF C U RRE NT BY C ha rg e W a rn in g La m p
A LT ERN A T O R ( St an d ar d V ol t ag e
Re ach ed) Since P- termi nal vo ltage is hig h. the M IC keeps
Tr3 off and Tr2 on, so the charge wa rning lamp
W hen Tr 1 sl ays o n and te rmi nal S vo ltage reaches
remain s un -lighted.
the standard voltag e. th is co nd itio n is detected by
the M IC and Tr, is turned off .
W hen term ina lS voltage drops below the stan-
dard range. the M IC detects th is drop and turns
Tr, on again . By the repetition of th is proc ess.
S-termina l voltaqe is kept at the stan da rd voltaqe .
-- -- --
--------------- ---------- ------------------- B --------- ------~,,
Stator co il I ,
IG IG S /W ,,
,
B IG i-----------·_---- , ------ ,--------
-I,
~ ,,, -- ,,I ,,,
1"
<i!>.- ~ ,,
,,
S 'S
,. ........--- -- -._--- , ,
-,, ,
~- r i-- - --- l
-;:QJ. ," (
.--\
I I,
.
:,
:
I
F Ir;;t; ! L L
,,
,,
,,
(
~
, -- ,, ______J
:=-
Tr)~ ,
,, I
P
__=!J
L -- ~
E
E
'---
--
Ie regulator
--
-
OHP 31
~ ~
TERM P. VOLT. MIC DETECTS: MIC DETECTS:
TERM. 5 VOLT.
ABOVE A BOUT
TERM . S VOLT, I T" OFF BELOW ABO UT 145 V TERM . S VOLT.
14.5 V
I CHARGING CURRENT Tr, : ON
37
CH ARG ING SYSTEM - With M ·type lC Regulator
L...- .. _ _
Ie regulator
-~-_ ..
OHP 32
38
CHARG IN G SYS TEM - Wit h M -type IC Reg ulator
. - - - -- - - - - --- - - - - --- - - - B~
Stator coi l
c...,.,,....,...,,,,,,
1 IG IG S/W
~ B IG -- 5 :5 r------ 1
i~ ~ : ;-----------:-- ----~~J--~ J
i
!,
F
r, .,( ~ , ~ ,. - -
Tr,
M IC
~L
~
Tr3 ," __ ,
L -, (
..1
i
l
1
i I - VI
Rotor COli
:
: : : 'I
i
: ' I
:
I
l ---------------------------------, tu
, I I
1f
- - - -,
I ,ti
:
L --
_L.
-
E
EL
--
_
IC regu lator
----
OH P 33
ITERM. 5 VOLT.
A BOVE ABOUT 13 V
I M IC DETE CTS:
TERM . 5 VOLT.
TERM. P VOLT.
M AI NTAIN ED AT
f--I TERM. 5 VOLT.
BELOW AB OUT 13 V
~
A BOUT 20 V
TERM. P VOLT.
MAINTAINED AT
A80UT 13.3· 16.3 1/
I-- MI C DETECTS
TERM , 5 , VOLT
I CHA RGE WAR NI NG LAM P ON Tr, : OFF I
TrJ : ON I'
~ RE FE REN CE
-- B
On some typ es of IC regulato rs, term inal B
voltage is incorporated in t he MI C inside th e IG IG
B
Ie regulator. Wit h t his type of IC regulator, in --51 S
case of an open ci rcu it at te rm inal S or term i-
nal B, t he MI C wi ll regulate th e vo ltag e at ter-
!, -I !, ,,
M IC ~ L
m inal 8, instead of term inal P, to be app roxl- F t--
m ately 14V.
I t;f-1 L
39
CHARGING SY STE M - W ith M· l ype IC Regulator
If an open circuit develops in the rotor coil cir- W hen gen eration of electricity stops and term inal
cuitry, g eneration of electricity stops . Also, te rm i- P voltage becom es zero, thi s cond ition is detect-
nal P output voltage beco mes zero. ed by the MIC, w hich turns Tn off and T r3on.
.d
~ L
Open circuit
r
Tr,
M IC
L
I ~
Rotor coil
E ___ ---l
QHP 34
40
TR OUBLESHOOTING - Classificatio n of Charging System Probl ems
TROU BLESHOOTING
Normally, the driver w ill first become aw are that CLASSIFICATION OF
something is w rong w ith t he charging system CHARGING SYSTEM
when the charge w arning lamp comes on . In ad - PRO BL EM S
di t ion. it is oft en discov ered that the charg ing sys- For charg ing systems uti lizin g a charge w arning
tem is abnormal w hen the engine cannot be lamp, problems can be classified into the fol low -
cranked due to a w eak batt ery or w hen the lumi- ing four categories:
nositv of the head lights changes.
In any case, w henever it is suspected that the 'l . A bnormal operat ion of c har ge warning
charging system is faulty, the cause must be lo- l amp (discharg e warning light I
cated and the faulty compo nent repaired or re- a. Lamp does not come on when igni tion
placed. sw itc h is turn ed to ON position .
b. Lamp does not go o ut after engine starts.
A w eak (undercharged ) batt ery is often due to an c. Lamp lights fain tly w hite engi ne is runn ing.
abnormality in the batt ery itself, such as insuff i- d . Lamp someti mes comes on wh ile engine is
cient electrolyte in the cells or deteriorated plates. runn ing.
Or, it co uld be caused by insuff icie nt tension in
th e drive belt, w hic h is causi ng the belt to slip . 2. W eak ( d isc ha rged ) battery
a. Cannot crank en gin e wi th starter.
Ho wever, there are also cases whe n prob lems are b. Head light s are dim
caused by the manner in wh ic h the veh ic le is used
and not by a faulty batt ery or chargi ng system. For 3. Ov ercharg ed battery
example, such problems could occur if t he vehic le Batt ery electrol yte is used up qu ickly.
is used for short-distance trips on ly. In such a 4 . Abnormal n oi se
case, the battery current is consummed by fre- a. Abno rmal no ise from alternato r.
q uent engine start ing and. because th e trips are b. Static in radio.
short, the battery doesn't have time to full y
rech arge. This wo uld be especially true if the ve-
hicle is used in thi s manner at nig ht because al -
most all current generated by th e alternator is
supp lied to the headlights. resulting in i nsufficent
recharging of th e batt ery.
4'
TROUBLESHOOTING - Al tern ator w it h Point Typ e Regu lator
Check regulator
tV connectors Repair
Loose or faulty
I OK
® Check alternator
I OK
Bad -/ Repair
I
® Check charge wa rni ng tamp
I OK
Burnt out I Repl ace (or repair)
I
Replace reg ul ator
CD Check for a blown fuse or fault y con tact in the ate. and the moving po in t w ill be pulled so the
charge war ning lamp circuit. charge wa rning lamp w ill not l ight).
® Check for loose or faul ty regul ator connectors. @ Check for burnt ou t bulb o f charge warn ing
lamp .
@ Check for a short -ci rcui t in t he posit ive diodes
• Wi th the regul ator connected. gro un d
of the alternator.
terminal L of the co nnecto r. If the cha rge
• If the cha rge warning lamp lights when the
w arni ng tam p comes on. the regulator is
three-pin co nnector of the alt ernator is dis-
bad. If the charge w arning lam p does not
connected. the diodes are sho rt- circui ted .
co me on, eithe r a burnt ou t bu lb or a faulty
( Even if only one pos itive di ode is sho rt -ci r-
wi re harness is indi cated.
cuited. battery current w ill flow from termi -
nal B to termi nal N vi a the bad diode. This NOTE: The layou t o f th e w iring h arn ess d e-
current w i ll cause the v olt age relay to op er- p end s o n t h e ve hicle. b ut a c h eck
sh o u ld b e m ad e of all c o n nect o r s be -
twee n t h e ign ition sw i tc h and th e
42 regu lator.
T RO U B LESHOOTIN G - A lte rna tor with Point Ty pe Regulator
® M easure voltage
at IG termi nal
OK
Incorrect ,I Repair wire harness
I
Repair or replace regulator
CD Check the drive belt for damage or sli pping. • Vo lt age indicates a broken coi l in the reg -
® Check if the f use con nected to t he ulator voltag e relay. No vo ltage ind icates
regula tor's IG term ina l is blown or loose. an op en in th e neutral ci rcu it of th e alt er-
nator.
@ M easure ou tp ut volt age at terminal B of al-
ternator . ® M easure the field voltag e at termi nal F of the
• If voltage is less than specified (13.8 - regu lator conne cto r.
14.8 V), the alt ernator is not generatin g • Vo ltage indica tes a broke n coil in t he rotor
electricity . If voltage is in exc ess o f thi s or faulty brush con tact in th e alternator. If
speci fic atio n, th e alte rnator is overcharg- th ere is no volt age, measure t he vo ltage at
in g. the IG terminal.
If th e vo lt age relay is not operating , @ M easure the batt ery vo lt age at th e IG termi-
vo lt age is not being co ntro lled by th e nal of th e regulator connector.
vo ltag e regulator, result ing in ov ercha rq - • Voltage in dicates a bad regu lator . No
ing of the batte ry. vo ltag e indicates dam age to t he w ire
@ M easure the ne utral vo ltage at termin al N of harness betw een t he ign it ion sw itch and
the regulator connector, regulator co nnecto r.
43
TROUB LESHOOTIN G - Altern ato r w it h Point Type Reg ulato r
I OK
Bad ·1
Repair or replace
I
® Check wi re harness
CD Check the charge w arning lamp circuit fo r a the resistance between terminals A M and
blo w n fuse or bad fuse co ntact. IG of the connecte r.
• This fuse is not only for t he charge wa rn- If t here is much contact resistance in the
ing lamp circuit bu t also protects ot her ign it ion swi tch. the vo lta ge app lied to the
electr ical com po nents. W hen the ignitio n fuse w il l be reduc ed. Therefore. as w hen
sw itch is turned to ON. current is supplied there is a blow n fuse. current from termi-
to these co mpone nts. If this fuse is blown nal L w il l be reversed and th e charge
or if it is no t makin g proper contact. cu r- wa rning lamp will shine faint ly.
rent w i ll not flow via th e ignit ion sw itc h.
@ Check for faul ty contact at each co nnector of
However. if the alternato r is generati ng
the w ire harness.
etectricit v. the vol tage relay w i ll operate
• M easure the volt age of each connector of
and current w ill flow from termina l L to the
the wire harness betw een the batt ery and
components via the points and the charge
the charge warn ing lamp circ uit fuse. If
warnin g lam p. causi ng the charge
volt age is unusuall y low . it indicates a bad
wa rning lamp to light faintly. The lamp
co ntact.
wi ll shine brighter at higher engine speeds
because mo re vo ltage will be generated. As w hen t here is excessive resistance in
th e ignition sw itc h. voltage will also be
® M easure the internal resistance of the igni- reduced if there is much resistance in t he
t ion sw itch. w iring harness. and current w ill flow in
• Discon nect t he ig nition swi tch connecto r reverse from terminal L vi a the charge
and. w ith the ignition sw itc h ON. measure w arning lamp .
44
TROUBLESHOOTING - A lte rna to r w ith Poin t Typ e Reg ulato r
CD Check connectors
I OK
Bad ·1 Repair
I
® Check regulator Repair or replace
Bad
J OK
@ Check alternator
CD Check the alter nato r and regulator con necto r ® Check the co ntact conditio n o f the brushes.
for loose or bad connecti ons. • Disassemble the alternator in accorda nce
• light ly tap the alternato r and reg ulator con - w it h the pro cedur es listed in th e repair
nector. It the charge lamp blinks, connector man ual and chec k th e brush w ear and
co ntact is poo r. co nt act condition of the slip rin gs.
If th e connecto r termina ls are not making It th e bru shes are worn beyond th e allow -
proper contact due to vib ration , the curr ent able l imit, spring tensio n w ill be redu ced,
to th e termina ls wi ll be int errup ted, so the causi ng poo r brush c ontact. If this hap -
alternator w ill not be able to gen erate pens, field current to t he rotor w il l be in -
power and the charge wa rnin g lamp w ill terrup ted. and the alternator w ill not be
come on. able to generate pow er, causing the
charge warn ing lam p to come on.
® Check the contact co nd ition of each point of
the regulator and the resistance between each
terminal.
• M easure the resistance between each ter -
mi nal in accorda nce w ith the procedures
listed in th e repair manual. In parti cular,
check the con di tio n o f the hig h -speed
point and the resistor.
45
TROUBL ESHO OTIN G - Al te rnator w it h Point Ty pe Regu lator
I
CD Check batt ery
Sad I
Clean or replace
1 OK
® Check drive belt
j OK
Sad 'I Adj ust or replac e
I
® Check reg ulator Ad j ust or replace
Sad
j OK
@ Check alternato r
CD Check the condition of th e batt ery. pin g if t he sides are w orn. In this case, the
• Check the batt ery termi nals for dirtiness belt should be replaced.)
and co rrosio n. If necessary, add elec-
® Check the standard vo ltag e of the reg ulato r
t rolyte.
(alt ernator output volta ge).
( Dirtiness or corro sion of the battery ter-
• Check that the output voltage o f th e alter-
minals w i ll cause increased resistance to
nator (vo ltage at termin al B) is wi thin
the flo w of current. A lso, if th e battery is
specification. Refer to " On- vehicl e ln .
very old , t he plates w ill self -discharge. In
spectio n".
t his case, it is recommend ed to replace t he
(If th e alternator o utput volta ge is less
battery w it h a new one.)
t han spec ified, there w il l not be suff icie nt
CV Check t he tension of the drive belt vol tage to recharge the battery. Under
• Check th e alternator drive belt for prop er normal conditions, th e batte ry vo ltage w ill
tensio n. be at least 13 V, so if the standard vo ltage
(A loose drive belt w i ll slip, preventing t he (alte rnato r ou tp ut volt age) is no t above
alt ernato r from tu rning fast enou gh to this amo un t, cu rrent w i ll n ot flow to the
generate suff icient electrici ty. Even w ith battery. A lso, if output volta ge is too low ,
correct belt tension , the belt may be sli p - current w ill not be able to flow to the
headlights, causing them to be dim.)
46
TROU B l ESHOOT 1NG - Alterna tor with Poin t Type Reg ulator
47
TROUBLESHOOTING - Altern ato r w it h Poi nt Type Regul ator
Batte ry overcharging is ind icated by the necessit y Abnormal noise in t he charging system orig inates
to frequently add batt ery elect rolyte. w it h the alt ernator , There are tw o diff erent types
Also. headlight luminosity w ill change w ith en- of noises and these must be distinguished befo re
gine rpm . This problem is caused by excessively beginning troubleshoot ing:
high regulator standard vo ltage (alt ernator output
The f irst type of noise is mechanical noise caused
voltage) . If the output voltage of th e alternator is
either by the drive belt slipping at the alt ernator
greater tha n specifie d, th e batte ry w il l overcharge,
pu lley, or wo rn or damaged alternator bearings.
causi ng a rise in battery temperatu re and rapid
consumption of th e electrol yte. The seco nd type is magn etic resonance, caused
either by a layer short in the stator co il or faulty
In add ition, w hen the engi ne is runn ing at a high
d iodes. In t he case of mag netic resonance, radio
rpm, excessive current w i ll flow to the headlights
stat ic w ill oft en be synchronized wi th eng ine ro -
and th ey w ill shine brigh ter. In extreme cases,
tati on .
there w ill be so much current to the lamps that it
w ill cause the bulbs to burn out. Except for drive belt noise, it is necessary to disas-
semble the alternator , inspect each com po nent
Tro ubleshoot in g thi s prob lem involves measuring
and repair as necessary.
th e output voltage of the alternator and checking
and/or adjusti ng the regu lator. Refer to " On -ve-
hicle Inspect ion",
48
TROUBLESHOOTING - Alt ernator wi th M -type IC Regula to r
YES
Are the fuses and fusi ble li nks related to the charg ing
system and the charge wa rning lamp normal?
YES
A fter turni ng engi ne off.
discon nect 3 -pole
con nector. Turn igniti on
swi tc h to ON .
NO
Is t here batter y voltag e W ire harness is fault y.
at co nnecto r side IG
termin al?
YES
In above condition,
ground termin al L
of con necto r.
1 NO
Does charge warning lamp light up? W ire harness or lamp is faulty.
"-
YES
Reco nnect 3- po le connector.
I YES
Does lamp glow ( 3-pole con necto r is faulty . )
bright ly or bli nk?
49
T RO U B LES H OOT IN G - Al ternator w ith M · type IC Regulator
NO
W ire harness
Is there batt ery volt age at B terminal ? ~l or fuse ( Disconnect 3·pole connecto r. )
is faulty.
YES
Disconnect 3· pole conn ecto r. Is there batt ery
vol tage av
S terminal?
Is th ere batt ery voltage at NO W ire harness NO
f----I or fuse
YES
IG and S termi nals?
is faulty. ( W ire harness is faul ty )
I YES
/ Wi th engine running. connect \ ( Reconnect 3·pole connect or .
F terminal of alternato r (reg ulato r)
\ to gro und " I ITurn IG swi tch off .\
Th en start eng ine
and w igg le 3 · pole
YES \ connector. I
Does battery vo ltage rise?
NO I
Does battery
Is contact at alternato r
I N~ ( Wire harness is faulty . voltage fl uctuate?
YES
B termina l normal?
NO Repeat 2 3 times.
YES
Disconnect battery \i) terminal. )
I( 3. pole connector is faulty. )
L.-(Replace regulator. )
Is there con tinuity betw een NO I
W ire harness is faulty. ) Does the charge warning lamp
alternato r and battery?
stay on?
I YES YES
( Alternato r is faulty. )
Alternator is faulty .)
• The voltage w ill fluctuate w ild ly, so this should be do ne in a short time (within 30 seconds) .
However, if it rises to 20 V or greater, stop the test immediately.
50
TROUBL ESHOOTIN G - Alternator wit h M ·type IC Regulator
Voltage is normal.
Is L terminal voltage NO
~ W ire harness is faulty . Is 3- pole connect or vo lt age normal?
2 V or hig her?
S termin al: Battery voltag e
YES IG termin al: Battery vol tage
L terminal: 2 V or hi gher
(G round L terrntnat)
YES JNO
NO
( Wire harness is faulty.)
Does lamp glow brig ht ly? Wir e harness is faul ty.)
YES ( Recon nect S vpole co nnecto r.
51
TROUBL ESHOOTING - Al ternato r w ith M · type IC Regulator
NO
Is charge w arning lamp on?
YES
Replace regulator. )
NO
/ A fter turn ing off engine. discon nect \ I
a-pore co nnector and measure resistance Does t he charge w arning
betw een S termi nal and battery lamp stay on?
\ $ terminal. I I YES
Alt ernato r is fault y. )
52
ON -VEH ICLE IN S PECT IO N
ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION
O BJ ECTIVE To learn t he procedure for co mprehensive on -vehicle inspectio n of the
chargi ng system.
PREPARATIONS • Repair M anu al (for the model used in trainin g)
• SST
09081·00011 Al ternato r Checker
092 16 · 00020 Belt Tension Gauge (Reco m mended tool)
092 16 -00030 Belt Tension Gauge Cable (Recommende d tool)
l or Nippo nde nsc BTG-20 195506-000201, Bo rrough s No. BT-33-73FI
• Eng ine Tachome ter
• Circuit Tester (Volt- and Ohm me ter or M ult i-m eter )
• Ammeter (50 A)
• Battery Hydrom eter
APPLICABLEMOOEL Y series eng ine (A ug., 19851
53
ON -VEHICL E INS PECT ION
2) Since batte ry vo ltag e is always ap plied to th e B term inal o f the alternator. th e B termin al must never
be ground ed .
3) If the batt ery is cha rged rap idl y using a q uick charger. it co uld d amage t he diod es. Be sure to
disco nnect the battery cab les whe n using a quick charger.
4) Be careful no t to get w ater on the alternator or other electrical components when wa shing the veh ic le.
5) The eng ine shou ld never be cranked w it h the B terminal of th e alt ernator disc onnected . Thi s is
bec ause vo ltage regulat ion is no t occ urring at suc h a time. so the neutral terminal voltage (the votteqe
at th e N terminal ) co u ld rise and bu rn out the relay co il. If th e B terminal is di sconnected, the wire
co nnec ted to the F termi nal (alternator co nnector) sho u ld always be disconnected too.
6) Th e alternator and reg ulator should be securely ground ed. If t hey are no t secu rely gro un d ed. it could
cause ove rcha rging. fli ckeri ng of th e lig hts. oscillati ng of the ammeter need le. etc.
7) A co ndenser shou ld never be con nec ted to th e F terminal to prevent noise. etc., as thi s co uld cause
a deposit to b uild u p on th e regulato r con tact poi nts .
8) The F term inal and IG termi nal sho u ld not be connected in reverse for any reason. If they are
connected in reverse, it co u ld ca use th e w ire harn ess to burn up.
9) Si nce the case of the f C regu lator shou ld have t he electrica l p otent ial o f gro und, be sure to tighten
the bo lts to t he alternator securely and make sure it is grounded.
54
ON -V EHICLE IN SP ECTION
REFERENCE -----------~
Using the SST. che ck t he drive belt tension.
SST 09216 ·00020 and 09 216 ·00030
D rive b elt t ens io n :
New belt 53 - 73 kg
Used be lt 26 - 46 kg
If necessary, adj ust the drive belt tensio n.
55
ON -V EHICL E IN SP ECTION
NOTE:
• " New belt " refers to a belt w hic h has been used less
th an 5 minutes on a running engine.
• " Used belt" refers to a belt w hich has been used on a
runni ng engine for 5 minutes or mo re.
• After installing the drive belt check to see th at it fit s
prope rly in the rib bed grooves .
CO RR ECT WRO NG
• Check w it h yo ur hand to confirm that t he belt has not
sli pped ou t of the grooves on th e bottom of the crank
pulley .
• After installing the be lt. run the eng ine for approx . 5
minutes and recheck the deflect io n or tensio n.
56
ON -VEHICLE IN S PECT IO N
Battery : • Disco nnect the w ire from termi nal B of the alter-
~
~
\O. 2P JO"o
Without I C Regu lator
- "" .'tJ Stand ard am pe ra ge: Less than 10 A
Stand ard vo ltag e: 13 .8 - 14 .8 V at 2S·C (77·F)
,
' -- - - - - - - - -O HP 35
' -- - - - - - - - - OHP 35
57
ON -V EHI C LE IN S P ECTI ON
w I Ie Re gula t or It the voltage reading is less than stand ard. check the Ie
(co nvention a l type) regu lator and alte rnato r as foll ows:
Terminal F • W it h termi nal F gro unded. start the eng ine and
check the voltage reading of termin al B.
'--- - - - - - - - -'--OHP 35
' - -- - - - - - - - OHP 35
• If the vol tage reading is greater than standard
vo ltage. replace the Ie regulator.
• If the vo ltage readin g is less th an standard. ch eck
the alt ernato r.
58
ON -VEH ICLE INSPECTION - Inspection of Al ternato r Regulator
IN SPECTI ON O F ALTERNATOR
o
T ype A T ype B
REGULATOR
~ 1 . REMOVE ALTERNATOR REGULATOR COVER
~
59
ON -VEHICLE INSPECTION - Inspection o f A lternato r Regulator
60
ON -V EHICLE IN SPECTI ON -el nspection of Ignition M ain Relay
4 3
~
"- -
' >...P
®
\ @: I~
61
OV ERHAU L
OVERHAUL
O BJECTIVE To learn how to overhaul t he alt ernator and regulator
PREPARATIO NS • Repair Ma nua l (fo r the model used in traini ng)
• SST
09285 -76010 Injection Pump Camshafl Bearin g Con e ( fo r rotor rear
bearing replacement)
09286 -46011 Injecti on Pump Spline Shaft Puller
( fo r rear bearing removal)
09608 ·20012 Front Hub & Drive Pinion Bearing Too l Set ( fo r alte rnator
rear bearing remo val)
09820 -63010 A lternato r Pulley Set Nut W rench Set ( for com pact
alt ernato r only )
09820 ·0002 1 A lterna tor Rear Bearing Puller (for compac t alte rnato r on ly )
• Electrical Solder
• Circu it Tester (Volt -and Ohmmeter, Multi -me ter)
• Vernier Calipers 32.5 mm (1 .280 in)
• Torq ue W rench 1.125 kg -em (29 It-Ib, 110 Nm)
• H igh -t emp erature Grease
Fl-
~ L
~
,
t~
B l IG B
Ig nition
~
B~@
main
relay 3 4 F_f
~
1t~~ U
Hi -speed compact typ e
- A lternator Aile rnator -
regulator
r::>1
~Ll
1-
~
"
/g n,ition (
•
malO
relay 3
L
njL"'L
.L "
_ ~o ,
- - Alternato r -•
62
QVERHAUl - Pre-in spection
PRE-INSPECTION
Before d isassemb li ng the alternat or. perform the
follow in g pre-ch ecks. The results of these pre-
checks will prove helpful w hen in spec ting each
ind iv idual co mpo nent later on.
1 . A BN ORM A L N OI SE TEST
63
OVERHAU L - Pre-inspect ion
W hen the posit iv e pro ve is touched to term inal N Conversely. if there is no co nti nuit y betw een the
and the negati ve probe to term inal E, there w ill negative side diodes. no batt ery cu rrent w il l fl ow
be a flow of battery current and the tester needl e w hen the negative pro be is touc hed to terminal N
w ill sw ing to w ard s zero if t here is conti nuity and the po sit ive probe is tou c hed to terminal E. If
between all diodes on the negative side. t he tester need le d oes move. it means that th ere is
curr ent fl owing and t here are one or more short-
circuit ed di od es on the neg ative sid e.
:r
00 0
N in either directio n. it is called an open cir cu it.
• ("
ir=. 00 0
~
N
If..
F
+
, :::!..J
OHP 36
If..
F
,
OHP 36
o
e @
n
e '"
OHP 36
64
OVERHA U L - Pre-inspect io n
" ==<N
tester probe is to uc hed to termi nal B and the pos-
--:;;
00 0
it ive probe to termi nal N. If the needle does move, rr==
th at is, if there is co ntinuity, a sho rt ci rcuit is lndi -
cated in the po sitive sid e dio des.
If.
F
ec c QHP 36
I
o
" <!J
E n
<!J
"
If th e po sit ive tester prob e is touch ed to terminal
B and th e negative probe to termina l N, battery
current w ill flow and the tester needle w il l sw ing As field cur rent for the rotor coi l is flo w in g in the
to zero under normal con ditions. In other words, ci rcuit betwee n termin als F and E, th ere should be
there w i ll be co nt inu ity between termi nals B and continu ity betw een these tw o termina ls, and the
N. resistanc e value sho uld be arou nd 4 o hms.
However, if there is an open ci rcuit betw een all If th ere is no cont inu ity, th ere is either an open in
the positive side diod es (thoug h th is rarely hap - th e rot or coil or poo r contact betw een the bru shes
pens). the tester needle w ill no t move w hen the and slip rings.
probes are touc hed to the terminals. In thi s case,
the charg e wa rni ng lamp will go out just as w hen With th is test, the posi tiv e and negative prob es
the engine is started, but the battery w il l not be may touch either terminal Ear F. In other words.
recharg ed because there is no output current from because th e rotor co il is not a semiconduc tor,
termin al B of the alternator. tester battery current can flow in eith er d irectio n.
65
OVERHAU L - A lternator (Co nven tional Type)
Spacer ring
Fan (for 50 A and 55 A typ es) (for 50 A and 55 A types) Rear bearing
..,
Stator
Rect ifier end frame
Spacer ring Terminal insulato r
1 (for 40 A and 45 A types)
In sulator w asher
Recti fier holder 1 .. .' ..
b Q
(~:,": v ¥I Condenser
Fan A and 45 A types) BUrg1"" .l ' .'
!:r' ~~ 0
Lead w ire cli p
Rect ifi er ho ld er
(wI IC regulator)
~ r:::JP-
-W ~ IC regulalor
66
OVERHAUl - Al ternator (Con ventional Type)
' -- - - - - - - - - OHP 37
3. INSPECT SLIP RINGS
(a) Check tha t the sl ip rings are no t rough or sc ored.
If roug h or scored, replace the rotor.
(b) Using calipers, measure the sli p ring d iameter.
Stand ard dia met er : 32 .3 - 32.5 mm
(1 .272 - 1.280 in .)
M inimu m d iam ete r : 32 ,1 m m (1 .264 in .)
If th e dia meter is less than min im um, replace the rotor,
Stato r
1, INS PECT STATOR FOR OPEN CIRCU IT
Using an oh mmeter, che ck that t here is cont inuity be-
tw een the coil leads.
If there is no con ti nuity, replace th e stator.
No co nt in uity
67
OV ERH A U L - A lt ernator (Co nventi o nal Type)
Brushes
1. M EA SUR E EX PO SE D B RUS H LENGTH
Using a scale. measure the leng th of the exposed brush.
St and ar d ex p ose d len g t h :
w l o Ie Regu lat o r 12.5 mm (0.492 i n .)
w I Ie Regul at o r 1 6.5 m m (0.650 in .)
M i n imu m ex p osed len g t h : 5 .5 mm (0 .217 i n .)
If the length is less than minimu m. replace th e brushes.
2. IF N EC ES SAR Y , RE PL A C E B R U S H ES
(a) Unsolder and remo ve the brush and spring.
50 A and 55 A types
If con ti nui ty is not as specified. replace the rect ifier
hol der.
Rectif ier terminal
Ohmmeter
I
I
Positiv e ( + ) terminal
(stud bolt head) OHP 38
68
OV ERHAUl - A ltern ator (Convent ional Typ e)
50 A a nd 55 A types [ n J
Recti f ier termi nals r - 0'
10 ©
o - t- - - ,
l---EI
Ohmmeter
Be arin g s
1. INSP ECT REAR BEAR ING
Check th at the bearing is not roug h or w orn ,
69
OVERH A UL - Alternator (Convent ional Type)
ASSEMBLY OF ALTERNATOR
1. INSTALL RECTI FIER HOLO ER TO STATOR
Hold th e rectifier terminal with needle- nose pliers whi le
soldering the leads.
NOTICE: Prot ect t he rect ifier f r o m heat.
70
OVERHAUL - Alternator (Hi -speed Co mpact Type)
40 A a nd 45 A types
Drive end lram~ront bea,;ng ~
Roto, Rea'ta';,
n
g
i
I ~ ..
Retainer ' . ~
F { '. . Wave was her
~~ Beertnq cover
Brush ho lder
(w ith cover )
Ie regulalor
Brush
/~'0
- J SST D9820 -63010
To rqu e: 400 kg -em (29 It- lb. 39 N -m)
(b) Check that SST ( A) is secured to the rotor shaft.
(c) A s sho wn in the figu re. mou nt SST (C) in a vise. and
install the alternator to SST (C) .
(d ) To loosen the pulley nut turn SST (A) in t he direc-
tion sho w n in the figure.
NOTICE: T o prevent d am ag e to th e r oto r
sh aft. do not lo o sen t he pull ey nut more that on e-
half o f a turn .
(e) Remove th e alternator from SST (C) .
(f) Turn SST ( 6 ) and remove SSTs (A) and ( 6 ) .
(g ) Remove the pull ey nut and pu lley.
71
OV ERHAUL - Alt ernator ( Hi-speed Compact Type)
Bru sh es
1. M EAS U RE EXPOS ED BRUS H LENGTH
Using a scale. measure th e lengt h of the exposed brush.
St andar d ex p osed l en gth : 10.5 mm (0.413 i n .)
Minimum ex p osed len g th : 4.5 mm (0 .177 ln .]
If t he exposed length is less than minimum, replace the
brushes.
Bea rin g s
1. IN SPECT REAR BEARING
Check that the bearing is not rough or wo rn.
72
OVER HA UL - Alternator ( Hi -speed Comp act Type)
ASSEMBLY O F A LT ERNAT O R
1. INSTA LL PULLEY
(a) Install the pulley to th e rot or shaft by tig htening the
pulley nut by hand.
(b) Hold SST (A) w ith a torque wrench. and tighte n
SST ( 8) clockw ise to t he specified torque.
SST 09820 -63010
Torq ue: 400 kg- em (29 ft -Ib, 39 N -m ]
(c) Check that SST (A ) is secured to the pulley shaft.
(d ) As shown in the fig ure. mount SST (C) in a vise. and
SST (C)
ill Torq ue: 1.1 25 kg -em (81 It -l b. 110 N'm )
(f ) Remove th e alternator from SST (C) .
(g) Turn SST ( B) and remove SSTs (A and B).
~~~~~~::"BrUSh
), holder
Ie regulator -
73
@TOYOTA L..- _
~